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<document id="C98F6A397B09AE488A426E01C11D1F40" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5496.4.3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13617543" ID-ZooBank="CC25A6CB-0783-4917-BEF7-0F332F6451F5" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1725024781225" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Brito, Samanta, Oliveira, Marcio L., Carpenter, James M. &amp; Somavilla, Alexandre" docDate="2024" docId="03BC87B0FFAEFFE4CCEEF8BB4A06FC8C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5496.4.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5496 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5496.4.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Polistes (Onerarius) carnifex" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="538" masterDocId="FF85FFC8FFB5FFF9CC79FFFD4B70FFB5" masterDocTitle="The genus Polistes Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) of Brazil: morphological diagnoses, identification key, and geographical distribution" masterLastPageNumber="545" masterPageNumber="509" pageNumber="536" updateTime="1725889312629" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="01AA1A4AB7858B28E0AA2B1D21A454D5">The genus Polistes Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) of Brazil: morphological diagnoses, identification key, and geographical distribution</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="698876FDED5DAA688E0C5DEBF5555AD3">Brito, Samanta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="33B1BE7C94987A9A78AB9FDE5BA9240D">Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Manaus, AM, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="43F22568B86C68FA3368DA7BBBFF9967">Oliveira, Marcio L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F1DEA72B42004E7954008CD6E12DFD74">Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Manaus, AM, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9781B59D783DAD7FA364B0CCB3C29EF4" type="email">mlolivei@inpa.gov.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="053EAB20B1FE521B6DD26EB6EDD5639D">Carpenter, James M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0F4B7BF5ED7419FE04E9863528F564C2" type="ORCID">0000-0001-6754-8028</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="A5EE65FD6D0387738CB7F2CCFE8F7B29">American Museum of Natural History, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, New York, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="BF8184D4F51BC05F572249BFE9B00DC4" type="email">carpente@amnh.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="67118CE31321BF33613B7D10E4842B4E">Somavilla, Alexandre</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="423914F7AE44CF2E3C00CB0DDCBC73E0">Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Manaus, AM, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="B9224E795BDA625C5164DF021B79382F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="EB4F691988F7F9CF251904E18BF4BFD2">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0BD5F1F9756A412C07937F9BD988E9F2">2024-08-21</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="10EC32F20D4479DE63811663B4833D5E">5496</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03BC87B0FFAEFFE4CCEEF8BB4A06FC8C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13617687" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13617687" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BC87B0FFAEFFE4CCEEF8BB4A06FC8C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BC87B0FFAEFFE4CCEEF8BB4A06FC8C" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="538" pageId="27" pageNumber="536">
<subSubSection id="C30F652DFFAEFFE2CCEEF8BB49A2F8D5" box="[151,722,1862,1889]" pageId="27" pageNumber="536" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAA36A6FFAEFFE2CCEEF8BB49A2F8D5" blockId="27.[151,722,1862,1925]" box="[151,722,1862,1889]" pageId="27" pageNumber="536">
<heading id="D0E281CAFFAEFFE2CCEEF8BB49A2F8D5" bold="true" box="[151,722,1862,1889]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="536" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C154D25FFAEFFE2CCEEF8BB49A2F8D5" ID-CoL="4KY9T" authority="(Fabricius, 1775)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[151,722,1862,1889]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="536" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnifex" subGenus="Onerarius">
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFAEFFE2CCEEF8BB49A2F8D5" bold="true" box="[151,722,1862,1889]" pageId="27" pageNumber="536">
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFAEFFE2CCEEF8BB4B84F8D4" bold="true" box="[151,244,1862,1889]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="536">Polistes</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFAEFFE2CD7CF8BA4AF1F8D4" bold="true" box="[261,385,1863,1889]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="536">Onerarius</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFAEFFE2CDEBF8BB4A87F8D5" bold="true" box="[402,503,1862,1888]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="536">carnifex</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B57FFAEFFE2CE7FF8BB49BAF8D5" author="Fabricius, J. C. F." box="[518,714,1862,1888]" pageId="27" pageNumber="536" refId="ref26658" refString="Fabricius, J. C. F. (1775) Systema entomologiae, sistens insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus. Flensburg et Leipzig, Korte, 832 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 36510" type="book" year="1775">Fabricius, 1775</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C30F652DFFAEFFE2CCEEF8964A57F830" box="[151,295,1899,1925]" pageId="27" pageNumber="536" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAA36A6FFAEFFE2CCEEF8964A57F830" blockId="27.[151,722,1862,1925]" box="[151,295,1899,1925]" pageId="27" pageNumber="536">
(
<figureCitation id="132E2A23FFAEFFE2CCE6F8964A6FF830" box="[159,287,1899,1925]" captionStart="FIGURES 77–86" captionStartId="28.[152,270,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[260,1328,188,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-17@28.[253,1335,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 77–86. Polistes spp. 77, 78. P. (Epicnemius) thoracicus Fox. 79, 80. P. (E.) torresae Silveira. 81, 82. P. (Onerarius) carnifex (Fabricius). 83, 84. P. (Palisotius) major Palisot de Beauvois. 85, 86. P. (P.) paraguayensis Bertoni. 77, 79, 81, 83, 85. Dorsal view.78, 80, 82, 84, 86. Lateral view. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13617551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13617551/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="536">Figs 81, 82</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30F652DFFAEFFE2CCEEF84D4939F872" box="[151,585,1967,1991]" pageId="27" pageNumber="536" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BAA36A6FFAEFFE2CCEEF84D4939F872" blockId="27.[151,585,1967,1991]" box="[151,585,1967,1991]" pageId="27" pageNumber="536">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB051188FFAEFFE2CCEEF84D4939F872" box="[151,585,1967,1991]" pageId="27" pageNumber="536">
<treatmentCitation id="0AB410B7FFAEFFE2CCEEF84D4975F872" author="Fabricius, J. C. F." box="[151,517,1967,1991]" page="365" pageId="27" pageNumber="536" year="1775">
<taxonomicName id="4C154D25FFAEFFE2CCEEF84D4975F872" authority="Fabricius, 1775: 365" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityPageNumber="365" authorityYear="1775" box="[151,517,1967,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="536" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnifex">
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFAEFFE2CCEEF84D4A5CF872" box="[151,300,1967,1991]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="536">Vespa carnifex</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B57FFAEFFE2CD4BF8524975F872" author="Fabricius, J. C. F." box="[306,517,1967,1991]" pageId="27" pageNumber="536" refId="ref26658" refString="Fabricius, J. C. F. (1775) Systema entomologiae, sistens insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus. Flensburg et Leipzig, Korte, 832 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 36510" type="book" year="1775">Fabricius, 1775: 365</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
,
<specimenCount id="9D13FD2FFFAEFFE2CE69F84D4953F872" box="[528,547,1968,1991]" count="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="536" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D13FD2FFFAEFFE2CE56F84D4935F872" box="[559,581,1968,1991]" count="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="536" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF6A662EFFA9FFE5CCE1F86A4866F842" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13617551" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13617551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13617551/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="537" startId="28.[152,270,1943,1967]" targetBox="[260,1328,188,1912]" targetPageId="28" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BAA36A6FFA9FFE5CCE1F86A4866F842" blockId="28.[151,1437,1943,2039]" pageId="28" pageNumber="537">
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFA9FFE5CCE1F86A4A23F81A" bold="true" box="[152,339,1943,1967]" pageId="28" pageNumber="537">FIGURES 77–86</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C154D25FFA9FFE5CD19F86A4A90F81A" box="[352,480,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFA9FFE5CD19F86A4AC0F81A" box="[352,432,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="537">Polistes</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFA9FFE5CD9CF86A495BF81A" bold="true" box="[485,555,1943,1967]" pageId="28" pageNumber="537">77, 78.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C154D25FFA9FFE5CE49F8654806F81A" authority="Fox." authorityName="Fox." box="[560,886,1943,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thoracicus" subGenus="Epicnemius">
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFA9FFE5CE49F8654934F81A" box="[560,580,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="537">P.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFA9FFE5CE28F86549B7F81A" box="[593,711,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="537">Epicnemius</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFA9FFE5CEAFF86A4831F81A" box="[726,833,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="537">thoracicus</emphasis>
Fox.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFA9FFE5CF02F86A48B0F81A" bold="true" box="[891,960,1943,1967]" pageId="28" pageNumber="537">79, 80.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C154D25FFA9FFE5CFBFF8654FCBF81A" authority="Silveira." authorityName="Silveira." box="[966,1211,1943,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torresae" subGenus="Epicnemius">
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFA9FFE5CFBFF86548A9F81A" box="[966,985,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="537">P.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFA9FFE5CF9EF865488DF81A" box="[999,1021,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="537">E.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFA9FFE5C872F8654F2EF81A" box="[1035,1118,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="537">torresae</emphasis>
Silveira.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFA9FFE5C8C6F86A4E75F81A" bold="true" box="[1215,1285,1943,1967]" pageId="28" pageNumber="537">81, 82.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C154D25FFA9FFE5C972F8654A13F866" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnifex" subGenus="Onerarius">
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFA9FFE5C972F8654E6EF81A" box="[1291,1310,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="537">P.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFA9FFE5C955F8654EE4F81A" box="[1324,1428,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="537">Onerarius</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFA9FFE5CCEEF8464B9AF866" box="[151,234,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="537">carnifex</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFA9FFE5CD15F8464AC2F866" bold="true" box="[364,434,1979,2003]" pageId="28" pageNumber="537">83, 84.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C154D25FFA9FFE5CDC1F841482FF866" authority="Palisot de Beauvois." authorityName="Palisot de Beauvois." box="[440,863,1979,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major" subGenus="Palisotius">
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFA9FFE5CDC1F8414ABCF866" box="[440,460,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="537">P.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFA9FFE5CDA0F846494EF866" box="[473,574,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="537">Palisotius</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFA9FFE5CE34F84149FAF866" box="[589,650,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="537">major</emphasis>
Palisot de Beauvois.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFA9FFE5CF1DF84648DAF866" bold="true" box="[868,938,1979,2003]" pageId="28" pageNumber="537">85, 86.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C154D25FFA9FFE5CFC9F8414F90F866" authority="Bertoni." authorityName="Bertoni." box="[944,1248,1979,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paraguayensis" subGenus="Palisotius">
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFA9FFE5CFC9F84148B4F866" box="[944,964,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="537">P.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFA9FFE5CFA8F8414895F866" box="[977,997,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="537">P.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFA9FFE5CF8BF8414FF6F866" box="[1010,1158,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="537">paraguayensis</emphasis>
Bertoni.
</taxonomicName>
77, 79, 81, 83, 85. Dorsal view.78, 80, 82, 84, 86. Lateral view. Scale bars: 5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C30F652DFFA8FFE4CCEEFF6B48CAFE40" pageId="29" pageNumber="538" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BAA36A6FFA8FFE4CCEEFF6B4EEDFE64" blockId="29.[151,1437,150,825]" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFA8FFE4CCEEFF6B4A06FF04" bold="true" box="[151,374,150,177]" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Diagnosis. Female.</emphasis>
Body pigmentation yellowish to light brown. Wing pigmentation reddish to brown. Very robust size, more than
<quantity id="4CED9B43FFA8FFE4CD37FF464AEEFF60" box="[334,414,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="538" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
in total length. Clypeus slightly wider than long or as long as wide, bristles, in the entire length or only in the lower region, but short bristles at its base becoming long toward the apex, punctures medium-sized, deep present only in the apical region, apex pointed, clypeus-eye in contact for a width smaller than the diameter of the antennal socket or be slightly separated; gena width at midlength equal to or slightly wider than eye; occipital carina strong, extending to middle eye level; humeri slightly projecting; mesepisternum with short and dense bristles, medium and deep punctation small; propodeal concavity widely extended in the center, propodeal striae strong in the center and weak on the sides; tergum I longer than wide, with short and dense bristles, and weak, small, and shallow punctures; tergum II wider or as wide as long, with short and dense bristles, weakly punctate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA36A6FFA8FFE4CCEEFE2648CAFE40" blockId="29.[151,1437,150,825]" box="[151,954,475,501]" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFA8FFE4CCEEFE264BABFE40" bold="true" box="[151,219,475,501]" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Male.</emphasis>
Similar to females, except that clypeus is separated from the eye.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30F652DFFA8FFE4CCBEFE034984FDD4" pageId="29" pageNumber="538" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAA36A6FFA8FFE4CCBEFE034984FDD4" blockId="29.[151,1437,150,825]" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFA8FFE4CCBEFE034AD8FDAD" bold="true" box="[199,424,510,536]" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3CFBFFA8FFE4CDCCFE024856FDAC" box="[437,806,511,537]" country="Brazil" location="Alagoas" pageId="29" pageNumber="538" specimenCount="22" specimenCount-female="20" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Alagoas">
<specimenCount id="9D13FD2FFFA8FFE4CDCCFE024A98FDAC" box="[437,488,511,537]" count="20" pageId="29" pageNumber="538" type="female">20♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D13FD2FFFA8FFE4CD8AFE024966FDAC" box="[499,534,511,537]" count="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="538" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
in total.
<collectingCountry id="F3027636FFA8FFE4CE0FFE0249CFFDAC" box="[630,703,511,537]" name="Brazil" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Brazil</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFA8FFE4CEBEFE024856FDAC" box="[711,806,511,537]" country="Brazil" name="Alagoas" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Alagoas</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3CFBFFA8FFE4CF49FE024F11FDAC" box="[816,1121,511,537]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="Brazil" location="Mato Grosso" pageId="29" pageNumber="538" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">
<specimenCount id="9D13FD2FFFA8FFE4CF49FE024822FDAC" box="[816,850,511,537]" count="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="538" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED04AE63FFA8FFE4CF19FE0248CCFDAC" box="[864,956,511,537]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">AMNH</collectionCode>
);
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFA8FFE4CFB7FE024F11FDAC" box="[974,1121,511,537]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3CFBFFA8FFE4C815FE024E70FDAC" box="[1132,1280,511,537]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="Brazil" pageId="29" pageNumber="538" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">
<specimenCount id="9D13FD2FFFA8FFE4C815FE024FFEFDAC" box="[1132,1166,511,537]" count="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="538" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED04AE63FFA8FFE4C8E5FE024F87FDAC" box="[1180,1271,511,537]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">AMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3CFBFFA8FFE4C970FE024A40FD88" collectionCode="NHM" country="Brazil" location="Minas Gerais" pageId="29" pageNumber="538" specimenCount="13" specimenCount-female="13" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
<specimenCount id="9D13FD2FFFA8FFE4C970FE024E4BFDAC" box="[1289,1339,511,537]" count="13" pageId="29" pageNumber="538" type="female">13♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED04AE63FFA8FFE4C931FE024EFFFDAC" box="[1352,1423,511,537]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14908" name="University of Nottingham" pageId="29" pageNumber="538" type="Herbarium">NHM</collectionCode>
);
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFA8FFE4CCEEFDDE4A40FD88" box="[151,304,547,573]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3CFBFFA8FFE4CD45FDDE4962FD88" box="[316,530,547,573]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="Brazil" location="Para" pageId="29" pageNumber="538" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
<specimenCount id="9D13FD2FFFA8FFE4CD45FDDE4A2EFD88" box="[316,350,547,573]" count="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="538" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED04AE63FFA8FFE4CD17FDDE4ABAFD88" box="[366,458,547,573]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">AMNH</collectionCode>
);
<location id="8ECA607DFFA8FFE4CDA4FDDE4962FD88" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BC87B0FFAEFFE4CCEEF8BB4A06FC8C:8ECA607DFFA8FFE4CDA4FDDE4962FD88" box="[477,530,547,573]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="29" pageNumber="538" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Pará</location>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3CFBFFA8FFE4CE64FDDE487DFD88" box="[541,781,547,573]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="Brazil" location="Parana" pageId="29" pageNumber="538" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Parana">
<specimenCount id="9D13FD2FFFA8FFE4CE64FDDE4930FD88" box="[541,576,547,573]" count="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="538" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED04AE63FFA8FFE4CE36FDDE49DBFD88" box="[591,683,547,573]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">AMNH</collectionCode>
);
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFA8FFE4CEC7FDDE487DFD88" box="[702,781,547,573]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Paraná</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3CFBFFA8FFE4CF61FDDE4F3BFD88" box="[792,1099,547,573]" collectionCode="NHM" country="Brazil" location="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="29" pageNumber="538" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro">
<specimenCount id="9D13FD2FFFA8FFE4CF61FDDE484BFD88" box="[792,827,547,573]" count="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="538" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED04AE63FFA8FFE4CF32FDDE48E2FD88" box="[843,914,547,573]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14908" name="University of Nottingham" pageId="29" pageNumber="538" type="Herbarium">NHM</collectionCode>
);
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFA8FFE4CFDFFDDE4F3BFD88" box="[934,1099,547,573]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3CFBFFA8FFE4C82FFDDE4BCFFDD4" collectionCode="AMNH" country="Brazil" location="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="29" pageNumber="538" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul">
<specimenCount id="9D13FD2FFFA8FFE4C82FFDDE4F09FD88" box="[1110,1145,547,573]" count="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="538" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED04AE63FFA8FFE4C8F1FDDE4F94FD88" box="[1160,1252,547,573]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">AMNH</collectionCode>
);
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFA8FFE4C88EFDDE4BCFFDD4" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3CFBFFA8FFE4CCB2FDBA4A3BFDD4" box="[203,331,583,609]" collectionCode="NHM" country="Brazil" pageId="29" pageNumber="538" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul">
<specimenCount id="9D13FD2FFFA8FFE4CCB2FDBA4B9DFDD4" box="[203,237,583,609]" count="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="538" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED04AE63FFA8FFE4CC85FDBA4A33FDD4" box="[252,323,583,609]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14908" name="University of Nottingham" pageId="29" pageNumber="538" type="Herbarium">NHM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3CFBFFA8FFE4CD2EFDBA492CFDD4" box="[343,604,583,609]" collectionCode="CESC" country="Brazil" location="Sao Paulo" pageId="29" pageNumber="538" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">
<specimenCount id="9D13FD2FFFA8FFE4CD2EFDBA4A09FDD4" box="[343,377,583,609]" count="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="538" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED04AE63FFA8FFE4CDF0FDBA4AA5FDD4" box="[393,469,583,609]" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">CESC</collectionCode>
);
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFA8FFE4CD91FDBA492CFDD4" box="[488,604,583,609]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3CFBFFA8FFE4CE1EFDBA4980FDD4" box="[615,752,583,609]" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Brazil" pageId="29" pageNumber="538" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">
<specimenCount id="9D13FD2FFFA8FFE4CE1EFDBA49FAFDD4" box="[615,650,583,609]" count="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="538" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED04AE63FFA8FFE4CEE0FDBA4998FDD4" box="[665,744,583,609]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="29" pageNumber="538" type="Museum">MZSP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30F652DFFA8FFE4CCBEFD974862FD44" pageId="29" pageNumber="538" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BAA36A6FFA8FFE4CCBEFD974862FD44" blockId="29.[151,1437,150,825]" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFA8FFE4CCBEFD974A11FD31" bold="true" box="[199,353,618,644]" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3027636FFA8FFE4CD15FD964AC5FD30" box="[364,437,619,645]" name="Brazil" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Brazil</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFA8FFE4CDBAFD964952FD30" box="[451,546,619,645]" country="Brazil" name="Alagoas" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Alagoas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFA8FFE4CE49FD9649F4FD30" box="[560,644,619,645]" country="Brazil" name="Amapa" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Amapá</collectingRegion>
, Amazonas,
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFA8FFE4CF62FD96482FFD30" box="[795,863,619,645]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Bahia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFA8FFE4CF16FD964F67FD30" box="[879,1047,619,645]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFA8FFE4C85FFD964F1AFD30" box="[1062,1130,619,645]" country="Brazil" name="Goias" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Goiás</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFA8FFE4C802FD964F9FFD30" box="[1147,1263,619,645]" country="Brazil" name="Maranhao" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Maranhão</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFA8FFE4C886FD964EE8FD30" box="[1279,1432,619,645]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFA8FFE4CCEEFD724A40FD1C" box="[151,304,655,681]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
, Pará,
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFA8FFE4CD03FD724AB9FD1C" box="[378,457,655,681]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Paraná</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFA8FFE4CDAAFD724912FD1C" box="[467,610,655,681]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFA8FFE4CE14FD724861FD1C" box="[621,785,655,681]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFA8FFE4CF62FD724F79FD1C" box="[795,1033,655,681]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Norte" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Rio Grande do Norte</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFA8FFE4C86AFD724F95FD1C" box="[1043,1253,655,681]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFA8FFE4C889FD724E23FD1C" box="[1264,1363,655,681]" country="Brazil" name="Roraima" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Roraima</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFA8FFE4C927FD724B89FD78" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFA8FFE4CD71FD4E4A0FFD78" box="[264,383,691,717]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
;
<collectingCountry id="F3027636FFA8FFE4CDF7FD4E4ABAFD78" box="[398,458,691,717]" name="United States of America" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">USA</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F3027636FFA8FFE4CDA0FD4E4942FD78" box="[473,562,691,717]" name="Mexico" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Mexico</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F3027636FFA8FFE4CE38FD4E49FCFD78" box="[577,652,691,717]" name="Belize" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Belize</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F3027636FFA8FFE4CEE2FD4E4868FD78" box="[667,792,691,717]" name="Guatemala" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F3027636FFA8FFE4CF5FFD4E48E7FD78" box="[806,919,691,717]" name="Honduras" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Honduras</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F3027636FFA8FFE4CFDFFD4E4F6DFD78" box="[934,1053,691,717]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F3027636FFA8FFE4C852FD4E4FDCFD78" box="[1067,1196,691,717]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F3027636FFA8FFE4C8C2FD4E4E67FD78" box="[1211,1303,691,717]" name="Panama" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Panama</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F3027636FFA8FFE4C95FFD4E4EE8FD78" box="[1318,1432,691,717]" name="Colombia" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Colombia</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F3027636FFA8FFE4CCEEFD2A4B82FD44" box="[151,242,727,753]" name="Guyana" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Guyana</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F3027636FFA8FFE4CC84FD2A4A1CFD44" box="[253,364,727,753]" name="Suriname" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Suriname</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F3027636FFA8FFE4CD0EFD2A4AA8FD44" box="[375,472,727,753]" name="Ecuador" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F3027636FFA8FFE4CD9AFD2A496AFD44" box="[483,538,727,753]" name="Peru" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Peru</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F3027636FFA8FFE4CE5CFD2A49E1FD44" box="[549,657,727,753]" name="Paraguay" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F3027636FFA8FFE4CEE2FD2A487EFD44" box="[667,782,727,753]" name="Argentina" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Argentina</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30F652DFFA8FFE4CCBEFD074A06FC8C" pageId="29" pageNumber="538" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAA36A6FFA8FFE4CCBEFD074A06FC8C" blockId="29.[151,1437,150,825]" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFA8FFE4CCBEFD074A3FFCA1" bold="true" box="[199,335,762,788]" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Comments.</emphasis>
There are three subspecies; two occur in
<collectingCountry id="F3027636FFA8FFE4CF48FD06480AFCA0" box="[817,890,763,789]" name="Brazil" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">Brazil</collectingCountry>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C154D25FFA8FFE4CFFFFD064F99FCA0" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" box="[902,1257,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="carnifex" subSpecies="carnifex">
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFA8FFE4CFFFFD064F15FCA0" box="[902,1125,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">P. carnifex carnifex</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C154D25FFA8FFE4C95AFD064A06FC8C" authority="Latreille." authorityName="Latreille." class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="carnifex" subSpecies="rufipennis">
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFA8FFE4C95AFD064A79FC8C" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="538">P. carnifex rufipennis</emphasis>
Latreille.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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