212 lines
24 KiB
XML
212 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document id="EF30F4E7F841DE2CCD60D9BA5625FC52" ID-CLB-Dataset="21066" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2014.974704" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d5c9e06b-59d7-4434-a07c-7ec67ad5e310" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4005897" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1598620782490" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Skuhrovec, Jiří, Štys, Pavel & Exnerová, Alice" docDate="2014" docId="DC551C226E36CD02FF23FA775964FB5D" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.49.19-20.1131-1146.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 49 (19)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:210803DF447D5DCB84349979EDD3507F.6:JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.2cover" docStyleId="210803DF447D5DCB84349979EDD3507F" docStyleName="JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.2cover" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Brachypera vidua" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="1140" masterDocId="206C645A6E31CD0BFFB3FFCF5B72FF89" masterDocTitle="Intraspecific larval aggression in two species of Hyperini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)" masterLastPageNumber="1146" masterPageNumber="1131" pageNumber="1138" updateTime="1698845705306" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="5C2E3B885072B12BA54B01A45B45A02A">Intraspecific larval aggression in two species of Hyperini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="88914122916FAD27406971929299C4A2" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7E2749C9129AE5A925A84D194E70EAB9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5C226B305301DCF4DCAC752F25CAB97A">Skuhrovec, Jiří</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="03C7836C090FEE8E90533A163B606E1E">Group Function of Invertebrate and Plant Biodiversity in Agrosystems, Crop Research Institute, Praha, Czech Republic;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="06B4E57355BFB2FBD48CE76137355790">Štys, Pavel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E2798343E98208361AFCD1B021893B8D">Department of Zoology, Charles University in Prague, Praha, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D72B471F56E944D161A7A20F03237C40">Exnerová, Alice</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4EB5021365D2775D5F52A9CCCD34DAF5">Department of Zoology, Charles University in Prague, Praha, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F56D3879BFB2DADD28C84CA7587C1ECA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="C4C2D37B0A9E6895758D836AC584DA67">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9929E8FFF7D8CDC8608F548044BA2F5B">
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<mods:date id="29DD5165FE8BAAAAD75B5A4F3911753A">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F7DEED52E5DF0A0FE6C5B1C13F0F981B">2014-09-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="AE381B4418FE0924DA31BA45608B9A0F">49</mods:number>
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<treatment id="DC551C226E36CD02FF23FA775964FB5D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4323997" ID-GBIF-Taxon="167370900" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4323997" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DC551C226E36CD02FF23FA775964FB5D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DC551C226E36CD02FF23FA775964FB5D" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="1140" pageId="7" pageNumber="1138">
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<subSubSection id="1CE6FEBF6E36CD0CFF23FA7759BAFA71" pageId="7" pageNumber="1138" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5443AD346E36CD0CFF23FA775942FA59" blockId="7.[144,712,1464,1528]" box="[144,560,1464,1488]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1138">
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<heading id="0F0B1A586E36CD0CFF23FA775942FA59" box="[144,560,1464,1488]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="1138" reason="5">
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<emphasis id="668871266E36CD0CFF23FA775942FA59" bold="true" box="[144,560,1464,1488]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1138">
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<taxonomicName id="93FCD6B76E36CD0CFF23FA775A21FA59" ID-CoL="MYDV" baseAuthorityName="Gene" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[144,339,1464,1488]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Brachypera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vidua">
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<emphasis id="668871266E36CD0CFF23FA775A21FA59" bold="true" box="[144,339,1464,1488]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1138">Brachypera vidua</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<tableCitation id="197E988F6E36CD0CFED7FA775ACBFA59" box="[356,441,1464,1488]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="8.[212,270,947,969]" captionText="Table 1. Experiments with Brachypera vidua (two replications, two individuals). Upper row: experimental design; for (1v), (2v), (3v), (4v) see the text. Second row: larval instars 2–4: L2, L3, L4a (young stage, feeding), L4b (old stage, wandering), respectively, L3/L4–large larvae (L3 and/or L4). Third and fourth rows: the number of fights during the first 30 minutes in a Petri dish (the number of killed larvae within the same period)." pageId="7" pageNumber="1138">Table 1</tableCitation>
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||
,
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<figureCitation id="CCC7B1B16E36CD0CFE7AFA775954FA59" box="[457,550,1464,1488]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[144,211,825,847]" captionTargetBox="[144,1104,168,793]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[144,1104,168,793]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. A summary of the possible behaviours of each instar of Brachypera vidua (L2, L3, L4a and L4b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4005905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4005905/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1138">Figure 4</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5443AD346E36CD0CFF23FA2F59BAFA71" blockId="7.[144,712,1464,1528]" box="[144,712,1504,1528]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1138">
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All experimental data are summarized in
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<tableCitation id="197E988F6E36CD0CFDD8FA2F59B3FA71" box="[619,705,1504,1528]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="8.[212,270,947,969]" captionText="Table 1. Experiments with Brachypera vidua (two replications, two individuals). Upper row: experimental design; for (1v), (2v), (3v), (4v) see the text. Second row: larval instars 2–4: L2, L3, L4a (young stage, feeding), L4b (old stage, wandering), respectively, L3/L4–large larvae (L3 and/or L4). Third and fourth rows: the number of fights during the first 30 minutes in a Petri dish (the number of killed larvae within the same period)." pageId="7" pageNumber="1138">Table 1</tableCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1CE6FEBF6E36CD02FF23F9F35964FB5D" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="1140" pageId="7" pageNumber="1138" type="description">
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<paragraph id="5443AD346E36CD0CFF23F9F35A1FF9DA" blockId="7.[144,1103,1596,1691]" box="[144,365,1596,1620]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1138">
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<heading id="0F0B1A586E36CD0CFF23F9F35A1FF9DA" box="[144,365,1596,1620]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="1138" reason="5">
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<emphasis id="668871266E36CD0CFF23F9F35A1FF9DA" box="[144,365,1596,1620]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1138">Single-instar groups</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5443AD346E36CD03FF23F9AB5921FA4F" blockId="7.[144,1103,1596,1691]" lastBlockId="8.[212,1171,1358,1478]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="1139" pageId="7" pageNumber="1138">
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<emphasis id="668871266E36CD0CFF23F9AB5A2AF9F2" box="[144,344,1635,1659]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1138">Experiment (v1).</emphasis>
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The behaviours of
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<taxonomicName id="93FCD6B76E36CD0CFDF9F9AB59DEF9F2" baseAuthorityName="Gene" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[586,684,1635,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Brachypera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vidua">
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<emphasis id="668871266E36CD0CFDF9F9AB59DEF9F2" box="[586,684,1635,1659]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1138">B. vidua</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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larvae during mutual attacks were generally similar to those of
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<emphasis id="668871266E36CD0CFE6BF94B5926F912" box="[472,596,1668,1691]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1138">
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<taxonomicName id="93FCD6B76E36CD0CFE6BF94B5922F912" baseAuthorityName="Gyllenhal" baseAuthorityYear="1813" box="[472,592,1668,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hypera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="postica">H. postica</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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When a larva found the leaves of
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<taxonomicName id="93FCD6B76E36CD03FC50F94C5A27FAEF" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="Geranium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="1139" order="Geraniales" pageId="7" pageNumber="1138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanguineum">
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<emphasis id="668871266E36CD03FC50F94C5A27FAEF" italics="true" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="1139" pageId="7" pageNumber="1138">Geranium sanguineum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, it fed upon them, but occasionally attacked another larva, if the latter moved into its vicinity. L3 and L4a were more aggressive than the youngest larval instar used in the experiment (L2). The prepupal larvae L4b bobbed or wandered, avoiding the fights (see
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<figureCitation id="CCC7B1B16E39CD03FE50FA615931FA4F" box="[483,579,1454,1478]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[144,211,825,847]" captionTargetBox="[144,1104,168,793]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[144,1104,168,793]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. A summary of the possible behaviours of each instar of Brachypera vidua (L2, L3, L4a and L4b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4005905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4005905/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139">Figure 4</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="0083FDBC6E39CD03FF67FCF95A1BFCE0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4005903" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4005903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4005903/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139" startId="8.[212,279,822,844]" targetBox="[212,1172,168,790]" targetPageId="8">
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||
<paragraph id="5443AD346E39CD03FF67FCF95A1BFCE0" blockId="8.[212,1171,822,873]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139">
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Figure 3. A summary of the possible behaviours of each instar of
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<taxonomicName id="93FCD6B76E39CD03FCCBFCF85F7DFCC2" baseAuthorityName="Gyllenhal" baseAuthorityYear="1813" box="[888,1039,822,844]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hypera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="postica">
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<emphasis id="668871266E39CD03FCCBFCF85F7DFCC2" box="[888,1039,822,844]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139">Hypera postica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(L1, L2, L3, L4a and L4b).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="0083FDBC6E39CD03FF67FC7C582EFBB4" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139">
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<paragraph id="5443AD346E39CD03FF67FC7C582EFBB4" blockId="8.[212,1173,947,1085]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139">
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Table 1. Experiments with
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<taxonomicName id="93FCD6B76E39CD03FE40FC7C59D1FC41" baseAuthorityName="Gene" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[499,675,947,968]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Brachypera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vidua">
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<emphasis id="668871266E39CD03FE40FC7C59D1FC41" box="[499,675,947,968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139">Brachypera vidua</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(two replications, two individuals). Upper row: experimental design; for (1v), (2v), (3v), (4v) see the text. Second row: larval instars 2–4: L2, L3, L4a (young stage, feeding), L4b (old stage, wandering), respectively, L3/L4–large larvae (L3 and/or L4). Third and fourth rows: the number of fights during the first 30 minutes in a Petri dish (the number of killed larvae within the same period).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="5443AD346E39CD03FEFDFB965F18FB7E" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139">
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<table id="26FC5F946E3932F4FF67FB965FE1FB7E" box="[212,1171,1113,1271]" gridcols="10" gridrows="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139">
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<tr id="EACCAF766E3932F4FF67FB965FE1FBE6" box="[212,1171,1113,1135]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-7="1">
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<th id="A91DC60A6E3932F4FEA5FB965AD2FBE6" box="[278,416,1113,1135]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139">(1v)</th>
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<th id="A91DC60A6E3932F4FDD0FB96599FFBE6" box="[611,749,1113,1135]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139">(2v)</th>
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<th id="A91DC60A6E3932F4FCD0FB965895FBE6" box="[867,999,1113,1135]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139">(3v)</th>
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<th id="A91DC60A6E3932F4FBBDFB965FE1FBE6" box="[1038,1171,1113,1135]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139">(4v)</th>
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</tr>
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<tr id="EACCAF766E3932F4FF67FB5F5FE1FB2F" box="[212,1171,1168,1190]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139">
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<th id="A91DC60A6E3932F4FF67FB5F5B82FB2F" box="[212,240,1168,1190]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139">L2</th>
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<td id="A91DC60A6E3932F4FEA5FB5F5A35FB2F" box="[278,327,1168,1190]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139">L3</td>
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<td id="A91DC60A6E3932F4FEDDFB5F5AD2FB2F" box="[366,416,1168,1190]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139">L4a</td>
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||
<td id="A91DC60A6E3932F4FE75FB5F5A9DFB2F" box="[454,495,1168,1190]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139">L4b</td>
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<td id="A91DC60A6E3932F4FDA8FB5F5945FB2F" box="[539,567,1168,1190]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139">L2</td>
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<td id="A91DC60A6E3932F4FDD0FB5F59E7FB2F" box="[611,661,1168,1190]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139">L3</td>
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<td id="A91DC60A6E3932F4FD08FB5F599FFB2F" box="[699,749,1168,1190]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139">L4a</td>
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<td id="A91DC60A6E3932F4FCA0FB5F584FFB2F" box="[787,829,1168,1190]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139">L4b</td>
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<td id="A91DC60A6E3932F4FCD0FB5F5895FB2F" box="[867,999,1168,1190]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139">L2 vs. L3/L4</td>
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<td id="A91DC60A6E3932F4FBBDFB5F5FE1FB2F" box="[1038,1171,1168,1190]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139">L2 vs. L3/L4</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="EACCAF766E3932F4FF67FB0C5FE1FB7E" box="[212,1171,1219,1271]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139">
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<th id="A91DC60A6E3932F4FF67FB0C5B82FB7E" box="[212,240,1219,1271]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139">1 2</th>
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<td id="A91DC60A6E3932F4FEA5FB0C5A35FB7E" box="[278,327,1219,1271]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139">3 (2) 2</td>
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<td id="A91DC60A6E3932F4FEDDFB0C5AD2FB7E" box="[366,416,1219,1271]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139">3 (1) 3</td>
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<td id="A91DC60A6E3932F4FE75FB0C5A9DFB7E" box="[454,495,1219,1271]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139">1 0</td>
|
||
<td id="A91DC60A6E3932F4FDA8FB0C5945FB7E" box="[539,567,1219,1271]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139">3 2</td>
|
||
<td id="A91DC60A6E3932F4FDD0FB0C59E7FB7E" box="[611,661,1219,1271]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139">5 (2) 3</td>
|
||
<td id="A91DC60A6E3932F4FD08FB0C599FFB7E" box="[699,749,1219,1271]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139">4 3 (1)</td>
|
||
<td id="A91DC60A6E3932F4FCA0FB0C584FFB7E" box="[787,829,1219,1271]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139">0 0</td>
|
||
<td id="A91DC60A6E3932F4FCD0FB0C5895FB7E" box="[867,999,1219,1271]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139">2 (1) 3</td>
|
||
<td id="A91DC60A6E3932F4FBBDFB0C5FE1FB7E" box="[1038,1171,1219,1271]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139">4 3 (1)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5443AD346E39CD03FF67F9CB5A3BF913" blockId="8.[212,1172,1539,1690]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139">
|
||
<emphasis id="668871266E39CD03FF67F9CB5AE5F992" box="[212,407,1539,1563]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139">Experiment (v2).</emphasis>
|
||
The general behaviours were similar to those in the experiment with the larvae of
|
||
<emphasis id="668871266E39CD03FE0BF9EB5948F9B2" box="[440,570,1572,1595]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93FCD6B76E39CD03FE0BF9EB5947F9B2" baseAuthorityName="Gyllenhal" baseAuthorityYear="1813" box="[440,565,1572,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hypera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="postica">H. postica</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Larvae attacked other larvae when food was not available. L3 and L4a were more aggressive than the youngest larval instar used in the experiment (L2), and L4b did not fight even when they encountered (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="CCC7B1B16E39CD03FF67F94D5A4BF913" box="[212,313,1666,1690]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[144,211,825,847]" captionTargetBox="[144,1104,168,793]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[144,1104,168,793]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. A summary of the possible behaviours of each instar of Brachypera vidua (L2, L3, L4a and L4b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4005905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4005905/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="1139">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="0083FDBC6E38CD02FF23FCF65A57FCE5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4005905" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4005905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4005905/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1140" startId="9.[144,211,825,847]" targetBox="[144,1104,168,793]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="5443AD346E38CD02FF23FCF65A57FCE5" blockId="9.[144,1103,825,876]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1140">
|
||
Figure 4. A summary of the possible behaviours of each instar of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93FCD6B76E38CD02FCF1FCF65880FCC7" baseAuthorityName="Gene" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[834,1010,825,846]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Brachypera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="1140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vidua">
|
||
<emphasis id="668871266E38CD02FCF1FCF65880FCC7" box="[834,1010,825,846]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1140">Brachypera vidua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L2, L3, L4a and L4b).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="5443AD346E38CD02FF23FC7A5A03FC44" blockId="9.[144,1104,949,1044]" box="[144,369,949,973]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1140">
|
||
<heading id="0F0B1A586E38CD02FF23FC7A5A03FC44" box="[144,369,949,973]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="1140" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="668871266E38CD02FF23FC7A5A03FC44" box="[144,369,949,973]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1140">Mixed-instar groups</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5443AD346E38CD02FF23FC115F33FB9D" blockId="9.[144,1104,949,1044]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1140">
|
||
<emphasis id="668871266E38CD02FF23FC115A21FC7C" box="[144,339,989,1013]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1140">Experiment (v3).</emphasis>
|
||
Mutual attacks between larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93FCD6B76E38CD02FD52FC11584FFC7C" baseAuthorityName="Gene" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[737,829,989,1013]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Brachypera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="1140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vidua">
|
||
<emphasis id="668871266E38CD02FD52FC11584FFC7C" box="[737,829,989,1013]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1140">B. vidua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were similar to those in
|
||
<emphasis id="668871266E38CD02FF23FC335BC8FB9D" bold="true" box="[144,186,1020,1044]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1140">(v1)</emphasis>
|
||
. Larvae occasionally attacked other larvae, even when there was enough food.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5443AD346E38CD02FF23FBF15A5BFB1D" blockId="9.[144,1104,1084,1236]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1140">
|
||
<emphasis id="668871266E38CD02FF23FBF15A28FBDC" box="[144,346,1085,1109]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1140">Experiment (v4).</emphasis>
|
||
The results were similar to those obtained in the previous experiments with the larvae of
|
||
<emphasis id="668871266E38CD02FDB7FB92591EFBFC" box="[516,620,1117,1141]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1140">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93FCD6B76E38CD02FDB7FB92591AFBFC" baseAuthorityName="Gene" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[516,616,1117,1141]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Brachypera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="1140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vidua">B. vidua</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The frequency of attacks was similar to those in
|
||
<emphasis id="668871266E38CD02FF44FBB35A50FB1D" bold="true" box="[247,290,1148,1172]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1140">(v3)</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5443AD346E38CD02FF09FB535964FB5D" blockId="9.[144,1104,1084,1236]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1140">
|
||
The possible behaviours for all the instars (L2, L3, L4a and L4b) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93FCD6B76E38CD02FC63FB535BB9FB5D" baseAuthorityName="Gene" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Brachypera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="1140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vidua">
|
||
<emphasis id="668871266E38CD02FC63FB535BB9FB5D" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1140">Brachypera vidua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are summarized in
|
||
<figureCitation id="CCC7B1B16E38CD02FE1DFB73597DFB5D" box="[430,527,1212,1236]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[144,211,825,847]" captionTargetBox="[144,1104,168,793]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[144,1104,168,793]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. A summary of the possible behaviours of each instar of Brachypera vidua (L2, L3, L4a and L4b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4005905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4005905/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1140">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |