479 lines
56 KiB
XML
479 lines
56 KiB
XML
<document id="DE4C2D44DFC54FBAC8C668A92FBC7BC3" ID-DOI="10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00652.x" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5494130" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630447848681" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Loader, Simon P., Gower, David J., Ngalason, Wilirk & Menegon, Michele" docDate="2010" docId="AF072D7E4B4CC34DFC1EEA55FA91C528" docLanguage="en" docName="j.1096-3642.2010.00652.x.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 160 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00652.x" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37.3:ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleId="FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Callulina stanleyi Loader & Gower & Ngalason & Menegon 2010, SP. NOV." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="509" masterDocId="533E55064B45C340FFBDE830FFC8C01E" masterDocTitle="Three new species of Callulina (Amphibia: Anura: Brevicipitidae) highlight local endemism and conservation plight of Africa’s Eastern Arc forests" masterLastPageNumber="514" masterPageNumber="496" pageNumber="505" updateTime="1699274154849" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B97634DD20483376CF0F652EB80AC317">
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<mods:title id="D6203112FAE89A58C311829D53030C7E">Three new species of Callulina (Amphibia: Anura: Brevicipitidae) highlight local endemism and conservation plight of Africa’s Eastern Arc forests</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="92578D8539DAA68932A347B1A53B7AA4">Loader, Simon P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6A16E2691A7045BF0A80D94670E5FA30">Gower, David J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BA628D21CCA4880046352E5270FDB90D">Ngalason, Wilirk</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="D54D49E45A098C6F95B557D1B63F8D02">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="7C63EEC667A7808D623E611A052A045E">Menegon, Michele</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8C75DDECE3DC7AE356F971EAAE2896E5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="24A6C73A0FF5A78BAD6561EF66F2DACC">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="AF484963E9830842C0C43FF587D58B9D">
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<mods:date id="3E84515EB66CBF5B9FCFA054C09E54F5">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4B60254B8E6258B0F3258EE85FEA6BD1">2010-10-26</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="9D091B241195D73A2B7F472A5B3A77D3">160</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="9DAD6BC4D835EEEAFF0CB09600E703FA">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="9E639F0E9F59766C4B0953080C07522C">496</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="FA4EA1B764EF5D4036FF5E7B5D196B87">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00652.x</mods:url>
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<treatment id="AF072D7E4B4CC34DFC1EEA55FA91C528" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5491823" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5491823" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AF072D7E4B4CC34DFC1EEA55FA91C528" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AF072D7E4B4CC34DFC1EEA55FA91C528" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="509" pageId="9" pageNumber="505">
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<subSubSection id="6FB4CFE34B4CC349FC1EEA55FAD9C264" box="[931,1297,613,634]" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="27119C684B4CC349FC1EEA55FAD9C264" blockId="9.[929,1298,613,667]" box="[931,1297,613,634]" pageId="9" pageNumber="505">
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<heading id="7C592B044B4CC349FC1EEA55FAD9C264" box="[931,1297,613,634]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="E0AEE7EB4B4CC349FC1EEA55FB6AC267" ID-CoL="5X7CD" authority="Loader & Gower & Ngalason & Menegon, 2010" authorityName="Loader & Gower & Ngalason & Menegon" authorityYear="2010" box="[931,1186,613,634]" class="Amphibia" family="Brevicipitidae" genus="Callulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stanleyi" status="sp. nov.">CALLULINA STANLEYI</taxonomicName>
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||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B4CC349FB11EA58FAD9C264" bold="true" box="[1196,1297,613,634]" pageId="9" pageNumber="505">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="0EE9FD014B4CC349FB11EA58FAD9C264" box="[1196,1297,613,634]" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" rank="species">SP. NOV.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="6FB4CFE34B4CC34DFC1CEAB5FA91C528" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="509" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" type="description">
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<paragraph id="27119C684B4CC349FC1CEAB5FADAC285" blockId="9.[929,1298,613,667]" box="[929,1298,645,667]" pageId="9" pageNumber="505">
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(
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||
<figureCitation id="BF9580ED4B4CC349FC14EAB5FC3BC284" box="[937,1011,645,666]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[144,223,1286,1305]" captionTargetBox="[144,1425,196,1255]" captionTargetId="figure-267@1.[144,1425,196,1256]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Map of the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania showing the distribution of Callulina. Inset map (bottom left) showing the distribution of South Pare species Callulina stanleyi sp. nov. (elevational range of 1200–1600 m), and Callulina shengena sp. nov. (elevational range of 1920–2100 m)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5494132" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5494132/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="505">FIGS 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="BF9580ED4B4CC349FBB9EAB5FBDCC284" box="[1028,1044,645,666]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[164,243,1582,1601]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,194,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-106@10.[323,1283,194,1552]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 4. Dorsal, ventral, and laterial views, and ventral aspect, of hands and feet of the holotype of Callulina stanleyi sp. nov., BMNH 2000.207." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5494140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5494140/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="505">4</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="BF9580ED4B4CC349FB99EAB5FB88C284" box="[1060,1088,645,667]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[144,223,869,888]" captionTargetBox="[304,1263,196,838]" captionTargetId="figure-325@11.[303,1263,195,838]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Colour in life of Callulina laphami sp. nov. (top left), Callulina shengena sp. nov. (bottom left and right), and Callulina stanleyi sp. nov. (top right)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5494142" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5494142/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="505">5C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="BF9580ED4B4CC349FBECEAB5FBB6C285" box="[1105,1150,645,667]" captionStart-0="Figure 6" captionStart-1="Figure 7" captionStart-2="Figure 8" captionStartId-0="11.[144,223,1403,1422]" captionStartId-1="12.[164,243,978,997]" captionStartId-2="13.[144,223,1092,1111]" captionTargetBox-0="[144,760,965,1373]" captionTargetBox-2="[144,1424,197,1062]" captionTargetId-0="figure-353@11.[144,760,965,1373]" captionTargetId-2="figure-302@13.[144,1425,196,1062]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-2="13" captionText-0="Figure 6. Snout–urostyle length in Callulina, showing mean, minimum, and maximum values." captionText-1="Figure 7. Sonograms of five of the six species of Callulina." captionText-2="Figure 8. Maximum-likelihood phylogenies of Callulina, with new species marked in light-grey boxes, and with holotypes marked in dark grey. Letters above branches refer to bootstrap results (MP, ML) and Bayesian posterior probabilities. Below branches Bremer support values and Templeton test results are given, either rejected (–) or accepted (+), with 0.05 as the cut-off point." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5494144" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5494146" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5494144/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5494146/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="505">6–8</figureCitation>
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||
,
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<tableCitation id="6A2CA9D34B4CC349FB31EAB5FB23C284" box="[1164,1259,645,666]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[144,208,200,219]" captionText="Table 1. Morphometrics of the three new species" pageId="9" pageNumber="505">TABLE 1</tableCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="6A2CA9D34B4CC349FB41EAB5FAC2C285" box="[1276,1290,645,667]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="5.[144,208,200,219]" captionText="Table 2. Pairwise distances (p distance) for 12S, 16S and cytochrome b sequence data" pageId="9" pageNumber="505">2</tableCitation>
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)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="27119C684B4CC349FC9BEA9BFAF0C367" blockId="9.[806,1422,683,889]" pageId="9" pageNumber="505">
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||
<materialsCitation id="97C696354B4CC349FC9BEA9BFAF0C367" collectingDate="1996-04-18" latitude="-4.166667" location="Chome Forest Reserve" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="37.846664" municipality="South Pare Mountains" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B4CC349FC9BEA9BFC58C2DE" box="[806,912,683,704]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="505">
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||
<typeStatus id="F81522CA4B4CC349FC9BEA9BFC42C2DE" box="[806,906,683,704]" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
:
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||
</emphasis>
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||
BMNH 2000.207, adult (gravid) female, collected at
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<location id="2271CAB34B4CC349FC13EAFAFB79C2FE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AF072D7E4B4CC34DFC1EEA55FA91C528:2271CAB34B4CC349FC13EAFAFB79C2FE" box="[942,1201,714,736]" latitude="-4.166667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="37.846664" municipality="South Pare Mountains" name="Chome Forest Reserve" pageId="9" pageNumber="505">Chome Forest Reserve</location>
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||
,
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="C77506124B4CC349FB01EAFAFC97C2E1" pageId="9" pageNumber="505">South Pare Mountains</collectingMunicipality>
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||
(
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||
<geoCoordinate id="429AFAAF4B4CC349FCD0EAD9FC22C2E0" box="[877,1002,743,767]" degrees="04" direction="south" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" precision="15" seconds="60" value="-4.166667">04°09′60″S</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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<geoCoordinate id="429AFAAF4B4CC349FC48EAD8FBBBC2E0" box="[1013,1139,743,766]" degrees="37" direction="east" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" precision="15" seconds="48" value="37.846664">37°50′48″E</geoCoordinate>
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) by MC on
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<date id="5310BAA84B4CC349FB4DEAD9FA41C2E1" box="[1264,1417,745,767]" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" value="1996-04-18">
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||
<collectingDate id="435443404B4CC349FB4DEAD9FA41C2E1" box="[1264,1417,745,767]" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" value="1996-04-18">18 April 1996</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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. Found under a rotten log in forest. This specimen has been sequenced for
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<emphasis id="15DA407A4B4CC349FBB2EB16FBF2C325" box="[1039,1082,806,827]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="505">12S</emphasis>
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||
,
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<emphasis id="15DA407A4B4CC349FBF1EB16FBB0C325" box="[1100,1144,806,827]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="505">16S</emphasis>
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, and cyt
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<emphasis id="15DA407A4B4CC349FB62EB16FB25C325" box="[1247,1261,806,827]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="505">b</emphasis>
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. Specimen in good condition, slightly desiccated in parts, with a cross-like midventral incision into the coelom.
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="27119C684B4CC349FC9BEB93FCACC516" blockId="9.[806,1422,930,1288]" pageId="9" pageNumber="505">
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||
<materialsCitation id="97C696354B4CC349FC9BEB93FA40C471" collectingDate="1993-07-20" collectingDateMax="1993-07-24" collectingDateMin="1993-07-20" county="South Pare Mountains" elevation="1100" latitude="-4.3333335" location="Ten" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="38.0" municipality="Chome Forest Reserve" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B4CC349FC9BEB93FC56C3A6" box="[806,926,931,952]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="505">
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||
<typeStatus id="F81522CA4B4CC349FC9BEB93FC5FC3A6" box="[806,919,931,952]" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
:
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<location id="2271CAB34B4CC349FC10EB93FC1FC3A6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AF072D7E4B4CC34DFC1EEA55FA91C528:2271CAB34B4CC349FC10EB93FC1FC3A6" box="[941,983,931,952]" county="South Pare Mountains" latitude="-4.3333335" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="38.0" municipality="Chome Forest Reserve" name="Ten" pageId="9" pageNumber="505">Ten</location>
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||
specimens: BMNH 2008.467 (male; sequenced for
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B4CC349FC66EBF1FBCEC3C8" box="[987,1030,961,982]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="505">12S</emphasis>
|
||
and
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||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B4CC349FBECEBF1FBB5C3C8" box="[1105,1149,961,982]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="505">16S</emphasis>
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||
) and 2008.468 (male; cleared and stained), formerly MTSN 7540 and 7543, respectively; FMNH 251381–251384, collected by WTS, SMG, and CM in a
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||
<collectingMethod id="FEEFE47F4B4CC349FBE6EC2DFB15C42C" box="[1115,1245,1053,1075]" pageId="9" pageNumber="505">pitfall trap</collectingMethod>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="E056318D4B4CC349FB51EC2DFAECC42D" box="[1260,1316,1053,1075]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" unit="km" value="7.0">7 km</quantity>
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||
south of
|
||
<location id="2271CAB34B4CC349FC9BEC0BFCBCC44F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AF072D7E4B4CC34DFC1EEA55FA91C528:2271CAB34B4CC349FC9BEC0BFCBCC44F" box="[806,884,1083,1105]" county="South Pare Mountains" latitude="-4.3333335" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="38.0" municipality="Chome Forest Reserve" name="Bombo" pageId="9" pageNumber="505">Bombo</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="429AFAAF4B4CC349FC38EC0BFC07C44E" box="[901,975,1082,1105]" degrees="4" direction="south" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" precision="925" value="-4.3333335">4°20′S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="429AFAAF4B4CC349FC60EC0BFBF0C44F" box="[989,1080,1082,1105]" degrees="38" direction="east" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" precision="925" value="38.0">38°00′E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<elevation id="AC837B5B4B4CC349FBFBEC0BFB1BC44F" box="[1094,1235,1083,1105]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" unit="m" value="1100.0">
|
||
<quantity id="E056318D4B4CC349FBFBEC0BFB50C44F" box="[1094,1176,1083,1105]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
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||
a.s.l.
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="C77506124B4CC349FB51EC0BFC4BC471" pageId="9" pageNumber="505">Chome Forest Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="CE70E4E44B4CC349FC2CEC6AFB50C46E" box="[913,1176,1114,1136]" pageId="9" pageNumber="505">South Pare Mountains</collectingCounty>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="5310BAA84B4CC349FB7BEC6AFA40C471" box="[1222,1416,1114,1136]" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" value="1993-07-20" valueMax="1993-07-24" valueMin="1993-07-20">
|
||
<collectingDate id="435443404B4CC349FB7BEC6AFA40C471" box="[1222,1416,1114,1136]" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" value="1993-07-20" valueMax="1993-07-24" valueMin="1993-07-20">20–24 July 1993</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="97C696354B4CC349FC9BEC49FCA8C516" collectingDate="2008-03-13" collectingDateMax="2008-03-15" collectingDateMin="2008-03-13" elevation="1230" latitude="-4.3281617" location="Chome Forest Reserve" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="37.99563" municipality="South Pare Mountains" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
MTSN 7541 (male), 7542 (female), 7544, and 7559 (female), collected at
|
||
<location id="2271CAB34B4CC349FB97ECA7FAF1C4B2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AF072D7E4B4CC34DFC1EEA55FA91C528:2271CAB34B4CC349FB97ECA7FAF1C4B2" box="[1066,1337,1175,1197]" latitude="-4.3281617" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="37.99563" municipality="South Pare Mountains" name="Chome Forest Reserve" pageId="9" pageNumber="505">Chome Forest Reserve</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="C77506124B4CC349FAF4ECA7FC26C4D2" pageId="9" pageNumber="505">South Pare Mountains</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="429AFAAF4B4CC349FBB3EC86FB73C4D5" box="[1038,1211,1204,1227]" degrees="04" direction="south" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" precision="1" seconds="41.382" value="-4.3281617">04°19′41.382″S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="429AFAAF4B4CC349FB65EC85FA40C4D5" box="[1240,1416,1204,1228]" degrees="37" direction="east" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" precision="1" seconds="44.262" value="37.99563">37°59′44.262″E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B4CC349FC9BECE5FCF9C4F4" box="[806,817,1237,1258]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="505">c</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<elevation id="AC837B5B4B4CC349FCF9ECE4FC1BC4F4" box="[836,979,1236,1258]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.23" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" unit="m" value="1230.0">
|
||
<quantity id="E056318D4B4CC349FCF9ECE4FC50C4F4" box="[836,920,1236,1258]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.23" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" unit="m" value="1230.0">1230 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
), by MM between
|
||
<date id="5310BAA84B4CC349FB01ECE4FCA8C516" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" value="2008-03-13" valueMax="2008-03-15" valueMin="2008-03-13">
|
||
<collectingDate id="435443404B4CC349FB01ECE4FCA8C516" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" value="2008-03-13" valueMax="2008-03-15" valueMin="2008-03-13">13 and 15 March 2008</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="27119C684B4CC349FC9BED03FA4FC61E" blockId="9.[806,1422,1330,1903]" pageId="9" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B4CC349FC9BED03FC55C556" box="[806,925,1331,1352]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="505">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
A medium- to large-sized robust
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0AEE7EB4B4CC349FAA4ED02FA4EC559" box="[1305,1414,1330,1351]" class="Amphibia" family="Brevicipitidae" genus="Callulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B4CC349FAA4ED02FA4EC559" box="[1305,1414,1330,1351]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="505">Callulina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Snout–urostyle distance reaching
|
||
<quantity id="E056318D4B4CC349FB76ED60FAF8C578" box="[1227,1328,1360,1382]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" unit="mm" value="42.5">42.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, snout: tibia ratio 0.33–0.39. Tympanum present but sometimes obscured by granular skin. Finger tips usually expanded, with the ratio between the width at first subarticular and the width at distal phalanx 0.8–1.0. Subarticular tubercles of hands and feet prominent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="27119C684B4CC34AFC82EE38FCA0C6EA" blockId="9.[806,1422,1330,1903]" lastBlockId="10.[826,1441,1697,1780]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="506" pageId="9" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0AEE7EB4B4CC349FC82EE38FBC5C603" authority="Loader & Gower & Ngalason & Menegon, 2010" authorityName="Loader & Gower & Ngalason & Menegon" authorityYear="2010" box="[831,1037,1544,1565]" class="Amphibia" family="Brevicipitidae" genus="Callulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stanleyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B4CC349FC82EE38FBC5C603" box="[831,1037,1544,1565]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="505">Callulina stanleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0EE9FD014B4CC349FBAAEE39FBA6C600" box="[1047,1134,1545,1566]" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0AEE7EB4B4CC349FABAEE39FAA5C603" authorityName="Nieden" authorityYear="1911" box="[1287,1389,1544,1566]" class="Amphibia" family="Brevicipitidae" genus="Callulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kreffti">
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B4CC349FABAEE39FAA5C603" box="[1287,1389,1544,1566]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="505">C. kreffti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a less expanded third finger (distal width at third terminal phalanx/distal width at subarticular tubercle> 0.75).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0AEE7EB4B4CC349FC53EE54FB0CC667" authority="Loader & Gower & Ngalason & Menegon, 2010" authorityName="Loader & Gower & Ngalason & Menegon" authorityYear="2010" box="[1006,1220,1636,1657]" class="Amphibia" family="Brevicipitidae" genus="Callulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stanleyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B4CC349FC53EE54FB0CC667" box="[1006,1220,1636,1657]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="505">Callulina stanleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0EE9FD014B4CC349FB6BEE54FAFDC667" box="[1238,1333,1636,1657]" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0AEE7EB4B4CC349FCD5EEB3FC2BC686" box="[872,995,1667,1688]" class="Amphibia" family="Brevicipitidae" genus="Callulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dawida">
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B4CC349FCD5EEB3FC2BC686" box="[872,995,1667,1688]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="505">C. dawida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having expanded finger and toe tips.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0AEE7EB4B4CC349FCD1EE91FB8DC6A8" authority="Loader & Gower & Ngalason & Menegon, 2010" authorityName="Loader & Gower & Ngalason & Menegon" authorityYear="2010" box="[876,1093,1697,1718]" class="Amphibia" family="Brevicipitidae" genus="Callulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stanleyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B4CC349FCD1EE91FB8DC6A8" box="[876,1093,1697,1718]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="505">Callulina stanleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0EE9FD014B4CC349FBE7EE92FB74C6A9" box="[1114,1212,1698,1719]" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0AEE7EB4B4CC349FAC9EE92FC4EC6CB" authority="Loader & Gower & Ngalason & Menegon, 2010" authorityName="Loader & Gower & Ngalason & Menegon" authorityYear="2010" class="Amphibia" family="Brevicipitidae" genus="Callulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laphami" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B4CC349FAC9EE92FC4EC6CB" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="505">C. laphami</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0EE9FD014B4CC349FC28EEF0FC39C6CB" box="[917,1009,1728,1749]" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0AEE7EB4B4CC349FB84EEF0FB01C6CB" authority="Loader & Gower & Ngalason & Menegon, 2010" authorityName="Loader & Gower & Ngalason & Menegon" authorityYear="2010" box="[1081,1225,1728,1749]" class="Amphibia" family="Brevicipitidae" genus="Callulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shengena" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B4CC349FB84EEF0FB01C6CB" box="[1081,1225,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="505">C. shengena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0EE9FD014B4CC349FB65EEF0FAFDC6CB" box="[1240,1333,1728,1749]" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in the presence of a tympanum, and expanded toe and finger tips.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0AEE7EB4B4CC349FCDAEECDFBF3C70C" authority="Loader & Gower & Ngalason & Menegon, 2010" authorityName="Loader & Gower & Ngalason & Menegon" authorityYear="2010" box="[871,1083,1789,1810]" class="Amphibia" family="Brevicipitidae" genus="Callulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stanleyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B4CC349FCDAEECDFBF3C70C" box="[871,1083,1789,1810]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="505">Callulina stanleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0EE9FD014B4CC349FBF6EECDFB6FC70C" box="[1099,1191,1789,1810]" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is morphologically very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0AEE7EB4B4CC349FC52EF2CFB6BC72F" box="[1007,1187,1820,1841]" class="Amphibia" family="Brevicipitidae" genus="Callulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kisiwamsitu">
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B4CC349FC52EF2CFB6BC72F" box="[1007,1187,1820,1841]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="505">C. kisiwamsitu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although the two species can be distinguished on the basis of DNA sequence, call, and distribution data. Additionally, the following morphometric characters (against
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E56A528A4B4FC34AFD73EE91FCCBC6A9" box="[718,771,1697,1719]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="10" pageNumber="506">SUL</collectingRegion>
|
||
) differ significantly (
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B4FC34AFE39EEF0FE5CC6CB" box="[388,404,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="506">P</emphasis>
|
||
<0.05) in the two species, based on Student’s
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B4FC34AFE84EEEFFE8AC6EA" box="[313,322,1759,1780]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="506">t</emphasis>
|
||
-test analyses: ED, IOD, HW, ND, NLD, TD, snout length (as measured from lower lip to apex of anterior dorsal margin of snout), and outer metatarsal tubercle of the hand (as measured along its longest axis). Many of the head character differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0AEE7EB4B4FC34AFC1CEE92FBD3C6A8" authority="Loader & Gower & Ngalason & Menegon, 2010" authorityName="Loader & Gower & Ngalason & Menegon" authorityYear="2010" box="[929,1051,1697,1719]" class="Amphibia" family="Brevicipitidae" genus="Callulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stanleyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B4FC34AFC1CEE92FBD3C6A8" box="[929,1051,1697,1719]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="506">C. stanleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0EE9FD014B4FC34AFB99EE92FBB3C6A9" box="[1060,1147,1698,1719]" pageId="10" pageNumber="506" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0AEE7EB4B4FC34AFB0AEE92FAABC6A8" box="[1207,1379,1697,1719]" class="Amphibia" family="Brevicipitidae" genus="Callulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kisiwamsitu">
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B4FC34AFB0AEE92FAABC6A8" box="[1207,1379,1697,1719]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="506">C. kisiwamsitu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
indicate the larger, more robust head of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0AEE7EB4B4FC34AFB45EEF0FABCC6CB" authority="Loader & Gower & Ngalason & Menegon, 2010" authorityName="Loader & Gower & Ngalason & Menegon" authorityYear="2010" box="[1272,1396,1728,1749]" class="Amphibia" family="Brevicipitidae" genus="Callulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stanleyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B4FC34AFB45EEF0FABCC6CB" box="[1272,1396,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="506">C. stanleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0EE9FD014B4FC34AFA3CEEF0FCA0C6EA" pageId="10" pageNumber="506" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="73D1CCE04B4FC34AFF19EE1EFE0DC640" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5494140" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5494140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5494140/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="506" startId="10.[164,243,1582,1601]" targetBox="[323,1283,194,1552]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="27119C684B4FC34AFF19EE1EFE0DC640" blockId="10.[164,1441,1582,1631]" pageId="10" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B4FC34AFF19EE1EFEC4C65F" bold="true" box="[164,268,1582,1601]" pageId="10" pageNumber="506">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal, ventral, and laterial views, and ventral aspect, of hands and feet of the holotype of
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B4FC34AFB73EE1EFF35C640" bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0AEE7EB4B4FC34AFB73EE1EFA69C65F" authority="Loader & Gower & Ngalason & Menegon, 2010" authorityName="Loader & Gower & Ngalason & Menegon" authorityYear="2010" box="[1230,1441,1582,1601]" class="Amphibia" family="Brevicipitidae" genus="Callulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stanleyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B4FC34AFB73EE1EFA69C65F" bold="true" box="[1230,1441,1582,1601]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="506">Callulina stanleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0EE9FD014B4FC34AFF19EE7BFF35C640" box="[164,253,1611,1630]" pageId="10" pageNumber="506" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, BMNH 2000.207.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="27119C684B4FC34BFC87EF2CFCA5C510" blockId="10.[826,1441,1820,1903]" lastBlockId="11.[806,1422,966,1661]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="507" pageId="10" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B4FC34AFC87EF2CFB84C72F" box="[826,1100,1820,1841]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="506">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="F81522CA4B4FC34AFC5AEF2CFB8EC72F" box="[999,1094,1820,1841]" pageId="10" pageNumber="506" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Body robust. Tips of fingers expanded, distal width of terminal phalanx 0.85 of the width of distal subarticular tubercle. Tips of fingers expanded laterally, with circummarginal grooves posterior to distal phalanx. First finger shortest, second and fourth equal, third longest. Inner metatarsal tubercle rounded and raised, separated by a middle palmar tubercle from an even larger, rounded, raised, outer metatarsal tubercle. Slightly smaller palmar tubercles present on palm. Subarticular tubercles at the base of each finger, large subarticular tubercles on third and fourth finger at the phalangeal joints. Third finger with smaller tubercles between basal articular tubercle and subarticular tubercles. Slightly dessicated but dorsoventrally expanded toe tips, with slightly folded but smooth ventral surfaces. Tips of toes slightly expanded laterally, with circummarginal grooves posterior to distal phalanx. Toe tips with smooth ventral surfaces. First toe same length as second, third and fifth equal, fourth longest. Inner metatarsal tubercle large, rounded, and raised, almost touching a similar sized, rounded, raised, outer metatarsal tubercle. Smaller palmar tubercles present on base of foot. Subarticular tubercles at the base of each toe, large subarticular tubercles on third and fourth toe at the phalangeal joints.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="73D1CCE04B4EC34BFF2DEB55FDBDC38B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5494142" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5494142" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5494142/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="507" startId="11.[144,223,869,888]" targetBox="[304,1263,196,838]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="27119C684B4EC34BFF2DEB55FDBDC38B" blockId="11.[144,1421,868,917]" pageId="11" pageNumber="507">
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B4EC34BFF2DEB55FF30C366" bold="true" box="[144,248,869,888]" pageId="11" pageNumber="507">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Colour in life of
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B4EC34BFE13EB54FD2EC366" bold="true" box="[430,742,868,888]" pageId="11" pageNumber="507">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0AEE7EB4B4EC34BFE13EB54FD41C369" authority="Loader & Gower & Ngalason & Menegon, 2010" authorityName="Loader & Gower & Ngalason & Menegon" authorityYear="2010" box="[430,649,868,887]" class="Amphibia" family="Brevicipitidae" genus="Callulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laphami" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B4EC34BFE13EB54FD41C369" bold="true" box="[430,649,868,887]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="507">Callulina laphami</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0EE9FD014B4EC34BFD2DEB55FD2EC366" box="[656,742,869,888]" pageId="11" pageNumber="507" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(top left),
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B4EC34BFCEEEB54FB5EC366" bold="true" box="[851,1174,868,888]" pageId="11" pageNumber="507">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0AEE7EB4B4EC34BFCEEEB54FBF2C369" authority="Loader & Gower & Ngalason & Menegon, 2010" authorityName="Loader & Gower & Ngalason & Menegon" authorityYear="2010" box="[851,1082,868,887]" class="Amphibia" family="Brevicipitidae" genus="Callulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shengena" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B4EC34BFCEEEB54FBF2C369" bold="true" box="[851,1082,868,887]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="507">Callulina shengena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0EE9FD014B4EC34BFBFDEB55FB5EC366" box="[1088,1174,869,888]" pageId="11" pageNumber="507" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(bottom left and right), and
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B4EC34BFF7DEBB2FE30C38B" bold="true" box="[192,504,898,917]" pageId="11" pageNumber="507">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0AEE7EB4B4EC34BFF7DEBB2FE5FC38B" authority="Loader & Gower & Ngalason & Menegon, 2010" authorityName="Loader & Gower & Ngalason & Menegon" authorityYear="2010" box="[192,407,898,917]" class="Amphibia" family="Brevicipitidae" genus="Callulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stanleyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B4EC34BFF7DEBB2FE5FC38B" bold="true" box="[192,407,898,917]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="507">Callulina stanleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0EE9FD014B4EC34BFE22EBB2FE30C38B" box="[415,504,898,917]" pageId="11" pageNumber="507" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(top right).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="27119C684B4EC34BFC82ED27FC33C663" blockId="11.[806,1422,966,1661]" pageId="11" pageNumber="507">All tubercles on hands and feet bluish grey against brown–grey background. Dorsum brown with scattered, darker brown–black symmetric vermiculations. Skin granular, with slightly larger glandular masses on lateral sides, and posterior end around the thighs and urostyle region. Large glandular mass slightly paler brown. Ventral surface paler brown, cream–tan. Tympanic region pale brown–cream. Dark edged tympanic ridge from posterior edge of eyelid to arm insertion. Incision around tympanic region on right side. Loreal and canthal regions dark brown. Snout visible from ventral view.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="73D1CCE04B4EC34BFF2DED4BFDF4C5B5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5494144" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5494144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5494144/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="507" startId="11.[144,223,1403,1422]" targetBox="[144,760,965,1373]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="27119C684B4EC34BFF2DED4BFDF4C5B5" blockId="11.[144,758,1403,1452]" pageId="11" pageNumber="507">
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B4EC34BFF2DED4BFF30C590" bold="true" box="[144,248,1403,1422]" pageId="11" pageNumber="507">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Snout–urostyle length in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0AEE7EB4B4EC34BFD9AED4BFD43C590" box="[551,651,1403,1422]" class="Amphibia" family="Brevicipitidae" genus="Callulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B4EC34BFD9AED4BFD43C590" box="[551,651,1403,1422]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="507">Callulina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, showing mean, minimum, and maximum values.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="27119C684B4EC34CFC9BEEF0FE2FC516" blockId="11.[806,1422,1728,1903]" lastBlockId="12.[164,779,1113,1288]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="508" pageId="11" pageNumber="507">
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B4EC34BFC9BEEF0FC79C6CB" box="[806,945,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="507">Measures of</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="97C696354B4EC34BFC06EEF0FAC8C70D" collectionCode="ED, ETD, HL, HW, IN, IOD" pageId="11" pageNumber="507" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B4EC34BFC06EEF0FCA9C6EA" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="507">
|
||
<typeStatus id="F81522CA4B4EC34BFC06EEF0FBD1C6CB" box="[955,1049,1728,1749]" pageId="11" pageNumber="507" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(all measurements are given in mm):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="41BF04AD4B4EC34BFCCBEEEFFC53C6EA" box="[886,923,1759,1780]" pageId="11" pageNumber="507">ED</collectionCode>
|
||
= 3.0;
|
||
<collectionCode id="41BF04AD4B4EC34BFC48EEEFFBE2C6EA" box="[1013,1066,1759,1780]" pageId="11" pageNumber="507">ETD</collectionCode>
|
||
= 1.2;
|
||
<collectionCode id="41BF04AD4B4EC34BFB39EEEFFB61C6EA" box="[1156,1193,1759,1780]" pageId="11" pageNumber="507">HL</collectionCode>
|
||
= 12.1;
|
||
<collectionCode id="41BF04AD4B4EC34BFAADEEEFFAF5C6EA" box="[1296,1341,1759,1780]" pageId="11" pageNumber="507">HW</collectionCode>
|
||
= 11.8;
|
||
<collectionCode id="41BF04AD4B4EC34BFC9BEECDFC8CC70C" box="[806,836,1789,1810]" pageId="11" pageNumber="507">IN</collectionCode>
|
||
= 1.8;
|
||
<collectionCode id="41BF04AD4B4EC34BFC29EECDFC0CC70C" box="[916,964,1789,1810]" pageId="11" pageNumber="507">IOD</collectionCode>
|
||
= 7.2; LF3 = 4.7; LT4 = 6.6
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="97C696354B4EC34CFAADEECDFD47C470" collectionCode="NED, NLD, TD, TL, TSL" collectorName="Difficult & Measures" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="508" location="SUL" pageId="11" pageNumber="507" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kusini Unguja" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="41BF04AD4B4EC34BFAADEECDFA81C70C" box="[1296,1353,1789,1810]" pageId="11" pageNumber="507">NED</collectionCode>
|
||
= 2.2;
|
||
<collectionCode id="41BF04AD4B4EC34BFC9BEF2CFC96C72F" box="[806,862,1820,1841]" pageId="11" pageNumber="507">NLD</collectionCode>
|
||
= 1.5;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E56A528A4B4EC34BFC09EF2CFC20C72F" box="[948,1000,1820,1841]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="11" pageNumber="507">SUL</collectingRegion>
|
||
= 42.5;
|
||
<collectionCode id="41BF04AD4B4EC34BFBF1EF2CFBB8C72F" box="[1100,1136,1820,1841]" pageId="11" pageNumber="507">TD</collectionCode>
|
||
= 1.3*;
|
||
<collectionCode id="41BF04AD4B4EC34BFB6CEF2CFB3AC72F" box="[1233,1266,1820,1841]" pageId="11" pageNumber="507">TL</collectionCode>
|
||
= 9.6;
|
||
<collectionCode id="41BF04AD4B4EC34BFAF5EF2CFAB0C72F" box="[1352,1400,1820,1841]" pageId="11" pageNumber="507">TSL</collectionCode>
|
||
= 10.8; WDF3 = 1.3; WDTF3 = 1.1. (*
|
||
<collectorName id="8A5BF9BE4B4EC34BFB0DEF0AFAD8C74E" box="[1200,1296,1850,1872]" pageId="11" pageNumber="507">Difficult</collectorName>
|
||
to discern, was dissected to clarify exact measurement.)
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B49C34CFF19EC6AFD47C470" box="[164,655,1113,1135]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<collectorName id="8A5BF9BE4B49C34CFF19EC6AFEC7C471" box="[164,271,1114,1135]" pageId="12" pageNumber="508">Measures</collectorName>
|
||
of male
|
||
<typeStatus id="F81522CA4B49C34CFEC2EC6AFE2AC471" box="[383,482,1114,1135]" pageId="12" pageNumber="508" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(MTSN 7541)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B49C34CFD32EC69FD5DC470" box="[655,661,1113,1134]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="508">:</emphasis>
|
||
ED = 4.6; ETD = 2.8; HL = 8.3; HW = 8.7; IN = 2.8; IOD = 4.4; LF3 = 3.6; LT4 = 4.7;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="97C696354B49C34CFE14ECA7FE2FC516" collectionCode="NED, NLD, TD, TL, TSL" collectorName="Difficult" location="SUL" pageId="12" pageNumber="508" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kusini Unguja" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="41BF04AD4B49C34CFE14ECA7FE2AC4B2" box="[425,482,1175,1196]" pageId="12" pageNumber="508">NED</collectionCode>
|
||
= 3.1;
|
||
<collectionCode id="41BF04AD4B49C34CFD8BECA7FDA6C4B2" box="[566,622,1175,1196]" pageId="12" pageNumber="508">NLD</collectionCode>
|
||
= 1.2;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E56A528A4B49C34CFD7FECA6FD3EC4B5" box="[706,758,1174,1195]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="12" pageNumber="508">SUL</collectingRegion>
|
||
= 24.6;
|
||
<collectionCode id="41BF04AD4B49C34CFF51EC85FED8C4D4" box="[236,272,1205,1226]" pageId="12" pageNumber="508">TD</collectionCode>
|
||
= 1.7*;
|
||
<collectionCode id="41BF04AD4B49C34CFECFEC85FE5BC4D4" box="[370,403,1205,1226]" pageId="12" pageNumber="508">TL</collectionCode>
|
||
= 14.8;
|
||
<collectionCode id="41BF04AD4B49C34CFE4AEC85FDEFC4D4" box="[503,551,1205,1226]" pageId="12" pageNumber="508">TSL</collectionCode>
|
||
= 6.9; WDF3 = 1.1; WDTF3 = 0.9. (*
|
||
<collectorName id="8A5BF9BE4B49C34CFEE0ECE4FE75C4F4" box="[349,445,1236,1258]" pageId="12" pageNumber="508">Difficult</collectorName>
|
||
to discern, was dissected to clarify exact measurement.)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="73D1CCE04B49C34CFF19EBE2FCEEC3FB" box="[164,806,978,997]" pageId="12" pageNumber="508" startId="12.[164,243,978,997]">
|
||
<paragraph id="27119C684B49C34CFF19EBE2FCEEC3FB" blockId="12.[164,806,978,997]" box="[164,806,978,997]" pageId="12" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B49C34CFF19EBE2FEC4C3FB" bold="true" box="[164,268,978,997]" pageId="12" pageNumber="508">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Sonograms of five of the six species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0AEE7EB4B49C34CFD01EBE2FCE8C3FB" box="[700,800,978,997]" class="Amphibia" family="Brevicipitidae" genus="Callulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B49C34CFD01EBE2FCE8C3FB" box="[700,800,978,997]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="508">Callulina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="27119C684B49C34CFF19ED1FFEA2C6AB" blockId="12.[164,779,1327,1900]" pageId="12" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B49C34CFF19ED1FFD91C55B" box="[164,601,1327,1349]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="508">Morphological and colour variation:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="97C696354B49C34CFDD4ED1FFEAEC6AB" collectionCode="TL, TD, ETD" county="The" location="The" municipality="The" pageId="12" pageNumber="508" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Kusini Unguja" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
Morphological features of
|
||
<typeStatus id="F81522CA4B49C34CFE90ED7EFE56C57D" box="[301,414,1358,1379]" pageId="12" pageNumber="508" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
generally match the
|
||
<typeStatus id="F81522CA4B49C34CFD1EED7EFCCFC57A" box="[675,775,1358,1380]" pageId="12" pageNumber="508" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCounty id="CE70E4E44B49C34CFF19ED5DFF18C59D" box="[164,208,1389,1411]" pageId="12" pageNumber="508">The</collectingCounty>
|
||
proportion of
|
||
<collectionCode id="41BF04AD4B49C34CFEC3ED5DFE57C59C" box="[382,415,1389,1410]" pageId="12" pageNumber="508">TL</collectionCode>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E56A528A4B49C34CFE76ED5DFE37C59C" box="[459,511,1389,1410]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="12" pageNumber="508">SUL</collectingRegion>
|
||
is 0.33–0.39.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="C77506124B49C34CFD15ED5DFD1CC59D" box="[680,724,1389,1411]" pageId="12" pageNumber="508">The</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
size and position of the tympana varies:
|
||
<collectionCode id="41BF04AD4B49C34CFDDAEDBBFD42C5BE" box="[615,650,1419,1440]" pageId="12" pageNumber="508">TD</collectionCode>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode id="41BF04AD4B49C34CFD2CEDBBFD79C5BE" box="[657,689,1419,1440]" pageId="12" pageNumber="508">TL</collectionCode>
|
||
= 0.04– 0.06;
|
||
<collectionCode id="41BF04AD4B49C34CFF58ED9AFED1C5A1" box="[229,281,1450,1471]" pageId="12" pageNumber="508">ETD</collectionCode>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode id="41BF04AD4B49C34CFE9CED9AFE8AC5A1" box="[289,322,1450,1471]" pageId="12" pageNumber="508">TL</collectionCode>
|
||
= 0.04–0.07.
|
||
<location id="2271CAB34B49C34CFE66ED9AFDCFC5DE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AF072D7E4B4CC34DFC1EEA55FA91C528:2271CAB34B49C34CFE66ED9AFDCFC5DE" box="[475,519,1450,1472]" county="The" municipality="The" name="The" pageId="12" pageNumber="508" stateProvince="Kusini Unguja">The</location>
|
||
ratio of the widths of the third distal phalanx to the subarticular tubercle is 0.77–1.0; most specimens are in the range 0.77– 0.86. FMNH 251381 is a small (
|
||
<quantity id="E056318D4B49C34CFDE5EE36FD73C605" box="[600,699,1542,1563]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9899999999999998" pageId="12" pageNumber="508" unit="mm" value="19.9">19.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E56A528A4B49C34CFD73EE36FCCBC602" box="[718,771,1542,1564]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="12" pageNumber="508">SUL</collectingRegion>
|
||
) juvenile that is dessicated, with only marginally expanded finger tips (WDF3 = 0.6; WDTF3 = 0.6; ratio = 1), and FMNH 251384 is a small juvenile with expanded finger tips (WDF3 = 0.7; WDTF3 = 0.5; ratio = 0.71)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="27119C684B49C34CFF01EE8DFDD3C772" blockId="12.[164,779,1327,1900]" pageId="12" pageNumber="508">
|
||
The juveniles FMNH 251381–251384 resemble the
|
||
<typeStatus id="F81522CA4B49C34CFF19EEECFECDC6EC" box="[164,261,1756,1778]" pageId="12" pageNumber="508" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in colour, but show different degrees of dark mottling on the dorsum, with FMNH 251382 most strongly mottled and FMNH 251383 the least mottled. The tympanum is obscured by granular skin in MTSN 7541, 7543, and 7544.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="27119C684B49C34CFC87EC69FA8BC4D5" blockId="12.[826,1441,1113,1227]" pageId="12" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B49C34CFC87EC69FC14C470" box="[826,988,1113,1135]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="508">Colour in life:</emphasis>
|
||
Generally brown, with irregular darkbrown marbling. Warts on the lateral surfaces of body clearly white. Ventral surface cream with brown marbling on edges. Eyes orange to red (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BF9580ED4B49C34CFB5CEC85FAFFC4D5" box="[1249,1335,1205,1227]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[144,223,1582,1601]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-120@7.[303,1263,194,1552]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Dorsal, ventral, and laterial views, and ventral aspect, of hands and feet of the holotype of Callulina shengena sp. nov., MTSN 9285." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5494138" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5494138/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="508">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="27119C684B49C34CFC87ECC2FC59C605" blockId="12.[826,1441,1266,1563]" pageId="12" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B49C34CFC87ECC2FBD2C519" box="[826,1050,1266,1287]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="508">Advertisement call:</emphasis>
|
||
Males were only calling during the night, from low bushes and branches of small trees. The call is a fast series of between seven and nine trills (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BF9580ED4B49C34CFC74ED7EFBC4C57A" box="[969,1036,1358,1380]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[144,223,869,888]" captionTargetBox="[304,1263,196,838]" captionTargetId="figure-325@11.[303,1263,195,838]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Colour in life of Callulina laphami sp. nov. (top left), Callulina shengena sp. nov. (bottom left and right), and Callulina stanleyi sp. nov. (top right)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5494142" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5494142/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="508">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
), produced at a rate of approximately fve per second, with maximum energy at 1720 Hz. The quality of the few call recordings was not high enough to allow a detailed description of the train of pulses forming the trill. Pulse-group duration was about 25 ms, and intergroup duration was about 116 ms.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="27119C684B49C34CFC87EE73FB21C6CD" blockId="12.[826,1441,1603,1747]" pageId="12" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B49C34CFC87EE73FC33C646" box="[826,1019,1603,1624]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="508">Natural history:</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="F81522CA4B49C34CFBF4EE73FB62C647" box="[1097,1194,1603,1625]" pageId="12" pageNumber="508" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was collected in a rotten log in the forest. The FMNH specimens were all collected in bucket pitfalls in the forest. Specimens were found on low bushes during the night, both in dense forest and along a forest road.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="27119C684B49C34DFC87EECAFDAEC699" blockId="12.[826,1442,1786,1900]" lastBlockId="13.[144,759,1282,1671]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="509" pageId="12" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B49C34CFC87EECAFAF0C711" box="[826,1336,1786,1807]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="508">
|
||
Distribution and threat:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0AEE7EB4B49C34CFBDBEECAFAF0C711" authority="Loader & Gower & Ngalason & Menegon, 2010" authorityName="Loader & Gower & Ngalason & Menegon" authorityYear="2010" box="[1126,1336,1786,1807]" class="Amphibia" family="Brevicipitidae" genus="Callulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stanleyi" status="sp. nov.">Callulina stanleyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0EE9FD014B49C34CFAFBEECBFA6AC70E" box="[1350,1442,1787,1808]" pageId="12" pageNumber="508" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
was found only in submontane forest at elevations between 1200 and
|
||
<quantity id="E056318D4B49C34CFBA7EF08FBB8C753" box="[1050,1136,1848,1869]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="12" pageNumber="508" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300 m</quantity>
|
||
. Based on current knowledge of the species’ distribution and evidence of dependency on the forest, the estimated extent of occurrence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0AEE7EB4B48C34DFE93ED11FE6FC52B" authority="Loader & Gower & Ngalason & Menegon, 2010" authorityName="Loader & Gower & Ngalason & Menegon" authorityYear="2010" box="[302,423,1312,1334]" class="Amphibia" family="Brevicipitidae" genus="Callulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stanleyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B48C34DFE93ED11FE6FC52B" box="[302,423,1312,1334]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="509">C. stanleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0EE9FD014B48C34DFE12ED11FDCDC528" box="[431,517,1313,1334]" pageId="13" pageNumber="509" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is less than or equal to
|
||
<quantity id="E056318D4B48C34DFF0CED0FFF36C54B" box="[177,254,1343,1365]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="509" unit="km" value="9.7">9.7 km</quantity>
|
||
<superScript id="D0DB31204B48C34DFF43ED0DFECEC557" attach="left" box="[254,262,1341,1353]" fontSize="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="509">2</superScript>
|
||
: this is the area including an elevational distribution (
|
||
<quantity id="E056318D4B48C34DFE86ED6EFE1CC56D" box="[315,468,1374,1396]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="509" unit="m" value="1400.0" valueMax="1600.0" valueMin="1200.0">1200–1600 m</quantity>
|
||
) of the submontane habitat in Chome. As with the two other newly described species, population density does not appear to be low, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0AEE7EB4B48C34DFE90ED8AFE6DC5D0" authority="Loader & Gower & Ngalason & Menegon, 2010" authorityName="Loader & Gower & Ngalason & Menegon" authorityYear="2010" box="[301,421,1465,1487]" class="Amphibia" family="Brevicipitidae" genus="Callulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stanleyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B48C34DFE90ED8AFE6DC5D0" box="[301,421,1465,1487]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="509">C. stanleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0EE9FD014B48C34DFE11ED8AFDC9C5D1" box="[428,513,1466,1487]" pageId="13" pageNumber="509" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is confined to a small fragment of submontane forest existing along the eastern boundary of Chome forest reserve, which is bordered by extensive farmlands. The presence of one population at only a single, small location is compounded by an observed decline in the area and quality of the habitat (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="433FE1994B48C34DFE21EE41FD93C699" author="Hall J & Burgess ND & Lovett J & Mbilinyi B & Gereau RE" box="[412,603,1649,1671]" pageId="13" pageNumber="509" pagination="2510 - 2521" refId="ref12321" refString="Hall J, Burgess ND, Lovett J, Mbilinyi B, Gereau RE. 2009. Conservation implications of deforestation across an elevational gradient in the Eastern Arc Mountains, Tanzania. Biological Conservation 142: 2510 - 2521." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Hall
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B48C34DFE65EE42FDD8C698" box="[472,528,1649,1671]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="509">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="73D1CCE04B48C34DFF2DEC74FE33C4B1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5494146" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5494146" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5494146/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="509" startId="13.[144,223,1092,1111]" targetBox="[144,1424,197,1062]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="27119C684B48C34DFF2DEC74FE33C4B1" blockId="13.[144,1421,1092,1200]" pageId="13" pageNumber="509">
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B48C34DFF2DEC74FF30C449" bold="true" box="[144,248,1092,1111]" pageId="13" pageNumber="509">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Maximum-likelihood phylogenies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0AEE7EB4B48C34DFD25EC74FD34C449" box="[664,764,1092,1111]" class="Amphibia" family="Brevicipitidae" genus="Callulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B48C34DFD25EC74FD34C449" box="[664,764,1092,1111]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="509">Callulina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with new species marked in light-grey boxes, and with holotypes marked in dark grey. Letters above branches refer to bootstrap results (MP, ML) and Bayesian posterior probabilities. Below branches Bremer support values and Templeton test results are given, either rejected (–) or accepted (+), with 0.05 as the cut-off point.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="27119C684B48C34DFF2DEEF0FA91C528" blockId="13.[144,759,1728,1903]" lastBlockId="13.[806,1421,1282,1334]" pageId="13" pageNumber="509">
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA407A4B48C34DFF2DEEF0FEC5C6CB" box="[144,269,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="509">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
This species is named after our colleague and good friend William T. Stanley of the Field Museum, Chicago. Bill has made numerous contributions to understanding the biological diversity of the Eastern Arc Mountains. He has also made several important field discoveries of amphibians (including those we describe from the South Pare), and we name this species in recognition of his excellent work.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |