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<mods:title id="FDBB5B8039AFF77D7ABD6E8348BE9E40">Moss mimesis par excellence: integrating previous and new data on the life history and larval ecomorphology of long-bodied craneflies (Diptera: Cylindrotomidae: Cylindrotominae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="156C6A301F32A46BFF198A8CFBA1510A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5751475" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190876661" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5751475" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:156C6A301F32A46BFF198A8CFBA1510A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/156C6A301F32A46BFF198A8CFBA1510A" lastPageNumber="1186" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186">
<subSubSection id="D5DF88AD1F32A46BFF198A8CFD41508B" box="[234,708,741,766]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9D7ADB261F32A46BFF198A8CFD41508B" blockId="30.[234,708,741,766]" box="[234,708,741,766]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186">
<heading id="C6326C4A1F32A46BFF198A8CFD41508B" box="[234,708,741,766]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="5AC5A0A51F32A46BFF198A8CFD41508B" ID-CoL="58W5B" authority="(SCHUMMEL, 1829)" baseAuthorityName="Schummel" baseAuthorityYear="1829" box="[234,708,741,766]" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Triogma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trisulcata">
<emphasis id="AFB107341F32A46BFF198A8CFE665089" box="[234,483,741,764]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186">TRIOGMA TRISULCATA</emphasis>
(SCHUMMEL, 1829)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5DF88AD1F32A46BFE7E8B7FFBA1510A" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" type="description">
<paragraph id="9D7ADB261F32A46BFE7E8B7FFDA5515A" blockId="30.[397,544,790,815]" box="[397,544,790,815]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186">
(
<figureCitation id="05FEC7A31F32A46BFE658B7FFE77515A" box="[406,498,790,815]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[145,223,1678,1700]" captionTargetBox="[261,1303,197,1636]" captionTargetId="figure-25@7.[259,1311,195,1638]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Larvae of Cylindrotominae, showing diverse sizes and forms of elongated cuticular appendages. (A) Cylindrotoma distinctissima, ventral (left), lateral (middle), and dorsal (right) views. (B) Diogma glabrata, oblique ventral (left) and lateral (right) views. (C) Triogma trisulcata, oblique ventral (left) and dorsal (right) views. (D) L. mikado, lateral (left) and dorsal (right) view. (E) Phalacrocera tipulina, dorsal view. A–C are redrawn from Peus (1952)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752762/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186">FIGS 3C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="05FEC7A31F32A46BFE0C8B7FFD92515A" box="[511,535,790,815]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[163,244,1658,1680]" captionTargetBox="[165,1441,202,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[163,1443,195,1618]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Schematic diagram illustrating diverse arrangements and numbers of the elongated cuticular lobes in 11 cylindrotomine species. Each diagram represents a simplified larval body, longitudinally grouped into six, based on the patterned arrangements of the lobes: (1) prothorax, (2) meso- and metathorax, (3) abdominal segment I, (4) abdominal segment II, (5) abdominal segments III–VII, and (6) abdominal segment VIII (anal segment). Each square partitioned by double lines in a row denotes the integument on the dorsal (dl), lateral (la), ventral (vl) sides of the corresponding segment(s). Each black dot symbolizes a cuticular lobe, of which position/size in a given space express the relative position/size of the lobe.Anal papillae are not shown. Lobe forms, auxiliary outgrowths, and relative length of segments are not shown here (see each species' own description). Each taxon name is abbreviated. For G and I, diagrams are based on the description in Brodo (1967) and Peus (1952), respectively; caution is needed when these are compared with the species examined herein (A–F, I–K), because the lobe characteristics could be treated differently in the previous studies. For K, a single lobe is present at the location of asterisk (*) only in the abdominal segment VII but not in the other segments." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752766/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186">5I</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D7ADB261F32A46BFF508B36FD5D57AC" blockId="30.[163,780,862,1498]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186">
<emphasis id="AFB107341F32A46BFF508B36FEBD5106" box="[163,312,862,884]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186">Life history:</emphasis>
Larvae of this species occur in semiaquatic mosses on moorlands, such as those of
<taxonomicName id="5AC5A0A51F32A46BFD5B8B17FE7551C4" authority="(Brindle, 1967)" baseAuthorityName="Brindle" baseAuthorityYear="1967" class="Bryopsida" family="Hypnaceae" genus="Hypnum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Hypnales" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="cuspidatum">
<emphasis id="AFB107341F32A46BFD5B8B17FEB551C4" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186">Hypnum cuspidatum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F954A6D71F32A46BFEB18BF5FE6051C7" author="Brindle A" box="[322,485,924,946]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" pagination="151 - 216" refId="ref29577" refString="Brindle A. 1967. The larvae and pupae of the British Cylinrotominae and Limoniidae (Diptera, Tipulidae). Transactions of the Society of British Entomology 17: 151 - 216." type="journal article" year="1967">Brindle, 1967</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, in stagnant waters on bogs (
<bibRefCitation id="F954A6D71F32A46BFF178BD3FE2951A5" author="Brinkmann R" box="[228,428,954,976]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" pagination="99 - 104" refId="ref29645" refString="Brinkmann R. 1997. Diptera Cylindrotomidae. In: Nilsson AN, ed. Aquatic insects of North Europe, a taxonomic handbook, Vol. 2. Vester Skerninge: Apollo Books, 99 - 104." type="book chapter" year="1997">Brinkmann, 1997</bibRefCitation>
). They have also been found in slowly running water and springs (
<bibRefCitation id="F954A6D71F32A46BFDCB8BB0FD7E519B" author="Steinmann P" box="[568,763,985,1007]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" pagination="107 - 108" refId="ref36049" refString="Steinmann P. 1907 - 08. Die Tierwelt der Gebirgsbache, eine faunistisch-biologiche Studie. Annales de Biologie Lacustre 2: 107 - 108 [in German]." type="journal article" year="1907">Steinmann, 1907</bibRefCitation>
– 08;
<bibRefCitation id="F954A6D71F32A46BFF3E8B91FE28567B" author="Hemmingsen AM" box="[205,429,1016,1038]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref32312" refString="Hemmingsen AM. 1968. The role of Triogma trisulcata (Schmmel) (Diptera, Tipulidae, Cylindrotominae) in the adaptive radiation of the Cylindrotominae. Folia Limnologica Scandinavica 15: 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1968">Hemmingsen, 1968</bibRefCitation>
), and in small alpine streams (
<bibRefCitation id="F954A6D71F32A46BFF588C7FFEEA5659" author="Steinmann P" box="[171,367,1046,1068]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" pagination="107 - 108" refId="ref36049" refString="Steinmann P. 1907 - 08. Die Tierwelt der Gebirgsbache, eine faunistisch-biologiche Studie. Annales de Biologie Lacustre 2: 107 - 108 [in German]." type="journal article" year="1907">Steinmann, 1907</bibRefCitation>
–08;
<bibRefCitation id="F954A6D71F32A46BFE558C7FFDB35659" author="Muller G" box="[422,566,1046,1068]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" pagination="15" refId="ref34108" refString="Muller G. 1908. Uber die Larve von Triogma trisulcata Schumm. Annales de Biologie Lacustre 3: 15 [in German]." type="journal article" year="1908">Müller, 1908</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F954A6D71F32A46BFDB08C7FFD795659" author="Alexander CP" box="[579,764,1046,1068]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" pagination="105 - 120" refId="ref28628" refString="Alexander CP. 1915. Biology of the North American craneflies (Tipulidae, Diptera). II. Liogma nodicornis Osten Sacken. Journal of Entomology and Zoology 6: 105 - 120." type="journal article" year="1915">Alexander, 1915</bibRefCitation>
). According to
<bibRefCitation id="F954A6D71F32A46BFEBB8C5CFE68563E" author="Haake B" box="[328,493,1077,1099]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" pagination="459 - 500" refId="ref32134" refString="Haake B. 1922. Die Metamorphose von Triogma trisulcata. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tierre 45: 459 - 500 [in German]." type="journal article" year="1922">Haake (1922)</bibRefCitation>
, the larvae underwent moulting four times until pupation (
<bibRefCitation id="F954A6D71F32A46BFD908C3DFD7E561C" author="Haake B" box="[611,763,1108,1130]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" pagination="459 - 500" refId="ref32134" refString="Haake B. 1922. Die Metamorphose von Triogma trisulcata. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tierre 45: 459 - 500 [in German]." type="journal article" year="1922">Haake, 1922</bibRefCitation>
); however, his explanation had a contradictory statement. As
<bibRefCitation id="F954A6D71F32A46BFEBB8CF8FE6656D2" author="Haake B" box="[328,483,1169,1191]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" pagination="459 - 500" refId="ref32134" refString="Haake B. 1922. Die Metamorphose von Triogma trisulcata. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tierre 45: 459 - 500 [in German]." type="journal article" year="1922">Haake (1922)</bibRefCitation>
noted, stages I, II and III have one, two and no moulting, respectively, which does not make the total of four instars that the author recorded. First-instar larvae were whitish without distinct colour (
<bibRefCitation id="F954A6D71F32A46BFEAF8D65FE6B5754" author="Haake B" box="[348,494,1292,1314]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" pagination="459 - 500" refId="ref32134" refString="Haake B. 1922. Die Metamorphose von Triogma trisulcata. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tierre 45: 459 - 500 [in German]." type="journal article" year="1922">Haake, 1922</bibRefCitation>
). The larva lives among the stems of the aquatic moss
<taxonomicName id="5AC5A0A51F32A46BFE0C8D43FC815735" box="[511,772,1322,1344]" class="Bryopsida" family="Fontinalaceae" genus="Fontinalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Isobryales" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="antipyretica">
<emphasis id="AFB107341F32A46BFE0C8D43FC815735" box="[511,772,1322,1344]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186">Fontinalis antipyretica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, to which it clings firmly with two strong chitinised hooks at the caudal end of the body (
<bibRefCitation id="F954A6D71F32A46BFDB68D01FD565708" author="Haake B" box="[581,723,1384,1406]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" pagination="459 - 500" refId="ref32134" refString="Haake B. 1922. Die Metamorphose von Triogma trisulcata. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tierre 45: 459 - 500 [in German]." type="journal article" year="1922">Haake, 1922</bibRefCitation>
). On pupating, it comes to the water surface and remains immobile for the first few days of pupation; after 8–10 days, it becomes more mobile (
<bibRefCitation id="F954A6D71F32A46BFDC98DADFD4C57AC" author="Haake B" box="[570,713,1476,1498]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" pagination="459 - 500" refId="ref32134" refString="Haake B. 1922. Die Metamorphose von Triogma trisulcata. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tierre 45: 459 - 500 [in German]." type="journal article" year="1922">Haake, 1922</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D7ADB261F32A46BFF508E62FD225409" blockId="30.[163,779,1546,1660]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186">
<emphasis id="AFB107341F32A46BFF508E62FF525455" box="[163,215,1547,1568]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186">Egg:</emphasis>
Spindle-shaped, circular in cross-section, with a tapered front pole. Pale yellow. Chorionic sculpture elongated and narrow, arranged as irregularly jagged, dotted dash lines; reticulated near micropyle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D7ADB261F32A46BFF508ECCFA1350FD" blockId="30.[163,778,1701,1876]" lastBlockId="30.[827,1443,197,648]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186">
<emphasis id="AFB107341F32A46BFF508ECCFE1F54CF" box="[163,410,1701,1722]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186">Final-instar larva:</emphasis>
Length
<quantity id="5A3D76C31F32A46BFDE18ECCFDEF54CE" box="[530,618,1701,1723]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" unit="mm" value="19.0">19 mm</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F954A6D71F32A46BFD728ECCFF5854AC" author="Alexander CP" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" pagination="695 - 1133" refId="ref28663" refString="Alexander CP. 1920. The crane-flies of New York. Part II. Biology and phylogeny. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Memoir 38: 695 - 1133." type="journal article" year="1920">Alexander, 1920</bibRefCitation>
). Body colour light green with dark blotches (
<bibRefCitation id="F954A6D71F32A46BFF5F8E8BFEF2548D" author="Alexander CP" box="[172,375,1762,1784]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" pagination="695 - 1133" refId="ref28663" refString="Alexander CP. 1920. The crane-flies of New York. Part II. Biology and phylogeny. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Memoir 38: 695 - 1133." type="journal article" year="1920">Alexander, 1920</bibRefCitation>
). Prothorax with three pairs of dorsal lobes along pronotal ridge; one pair of lateral lobes; three pairs of ventral lobes as tubercles (
<bibRefCitation id="F954A6D71F32A46BFD3E8F49FF595521" author="Peus F" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref34675" refString="Peus F. 1952. Cylindrotomidae. Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region 3: 1 - 80 [in German]." type="journal article" year="1952">Peus, 1952</bibRefCitation>
). Meso- and metathoracic segments with each two pairs of dorsal and lateral lobes; lateral and ventral lobes two and three pairs, respectively (
<bibRefCitation id="F954A6D71F32A46BFCB6896AFB9A5362" author="Alexander CP" box="[837,1055,258,280]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" pagination="695 - 1133" refId="ref28663" refString="Alexander CP. 1920. The crane-flies of New York. Part II. Biology and phylogeny. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Memoir 38: 695 - 1133." type="journal article" year="1920">Alexander, 1920</bibRefCitation>
). Dorsal elongated lobes on abdominal segments shorter than body width in ventrolateral view,
<emphasis id="AFB107341F32A46BFBD58929FBB45320" box="[1062,1073,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186">c</emphasis>
. 1.5 mm in length (
<bibRefCitation id="F954A6D71F32A46BFAD08929FCF05306" author="Alexander CP" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" pagination="695 - 1133" refId="ref28663" refString="Alexander CP. 1920. The crane-flies of New York. Part II. Biology and phylogeny. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Memoir 38: 695 - 1133." type="journal article" year="1920">Alexander, 1920</bibRefCitation>
): abdominal segments II–VII with four pairs of lobes, posteriormost pair longest, bearing three or four teeth-like auxiliary outgrowths at the front (
<bibRefCitation id="F954A6D71F32A46BFCB089D3FB8453A5" author="Alexander CP" box="[835,1025,442,464]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" pagination="105 - 120" refId="ref28628" refString="Alexander CP. 1915. Biology of the North American craneflies (Tipulidae, Diptera). II. Liogma nodicornis Osten Sacken. Journal of Entomology and Zoology 6: 105 - 120." type="journal article" year="1915">Alexander, 1915</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="F954A6D71F32A46BFBE389D3FBCD53BA" author="Alexander CP" box="[1040,1096,442,463]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" pagination="695 - 1133" refId="ref28663" refString="Alexander CP. 1920. The crane-flies of New York. Part II. Biology and phylogeny. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Memoir 38: 695 - 1133." type="journal article" year="1920">1920</bibRefCitation>
). Lateral lobes on abdominal segments conical; on segments I and II–VII, three and four pairs, respectively, anteriormost pair smallest (
<bibRefCitation id="F954A6D71F32A46BFC498A7FFB03505E" author="Alexander CP" box="[954,1158,534,556]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" pagination="695 - 1133" refId="ref28663" refString="Alexander CP. 1920. The crane-flies of New York. Part II. Biology and phylogeny. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Memoir 38: 695 - 1133." type="journal article" year="1920">Alexander, 1920</bibRefCitation>
). Ventral lobes small, finger-shapd (
<bibRefCitation id="F954A6D71F32A46BFC178A5CFB23503F" author="Alexander CP" box="[996,1190,565,587]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" pagination="695 - 1133" refId="ref28663" refString="Alexander CP. 1920. The crane-flies of New York. Part II. Biology and phylogeny. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Memoir 38: 695 - 1133." type="journal article" year="1920">Alexander, 1920</bibRefCitation>
). Anal segment with one pair each of dorsal, lateral and ventral lobes. Spiracular field with hair fringe (
<bibRefCitation id="F954A6D71F32A46BFB3B8A1BFA0050F2" author="Alexander CP" box="[1224,1413,626,648]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" pagination="695 - 1133" refId="ref28663" refString="Alexander CP. 1920. The crane-flies of New York. Part II. Biology and phylogeny. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Memoir 38: 695 - 1133." type="journal article" year="1920">Alexander, 1920</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D7ADB261F32A46BFCC88AD8FBA1510A" blockId="30.[827,1443,689,895]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186">
<emphasis id="AFB107341F32A46BFCC88AD8FC4050B3" box="[827,965,689,710]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186">Host-plants:</emphasis>
Larvae are found on the submerged moss
<taxonomicName id="5AC5A0A51F32A46BFCC88AB9FBBB5090" box="[827,1086,720,741]" class="Bryopsida" family="Fontinalaceae" genus="Fontinalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Isobryales" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="antipyretica">
<emphasis id="AFB107341F32A46BFCC88AB9FBBB5090" box="[827,1086,720,741]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186">Fontinalis antipyretica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5AC5A0A51F32A46BFBB88AB9FB3F5093" box="[1099,1210,720,742]" class="Bryopsida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Hypnales" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="order">Hypnales</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="5AC5A0A51F32A46BFB378AB9FAE35093" box="[1220,1382,720,742]" class="Bryopsida" family="Fontinalaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Isobryales" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="family">Fontinalaceae</taxonomicName>
), and may also use
<taxonomicName id="5AC5A0A51F32A46BFC118A86FBCC5171" authorityName="J.Hedwig" authorityYear="1801" box="[994,1097,751,772]" class="Bryopsida" family="Hypnaceae" genus="Hypnum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Hypnales" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFB107341F32A46BFC118A86FBCC5171" box="[994,1097,751,772]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186">Hypnum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5AC5A0A51F32A46BFBAF8A87FB575171" box="[1116,1234,750,772]" class="Bryopsida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Hypnales" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="order">Hypnales</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="5AC5A0A51F32A46BFB2C8A86FAE05171" box="[1247,1381,751,772]" class="Bryopsida" family="Hypnaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Hypnales" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="family">Hypnaceae</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName id="5AC5A0A51F32A46BFCC88B64FC645157" box="[827,993,781,802]" class="Bryopsida" family="Amblystegiaceae" genus="Amblystegium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Hypnales" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFB107341F32A46BFCC88B64FC645157" box="[827,993,781,802]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186">Amblystegium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5AC5A0A51F32A46BFC028B64FBE65156" box="[1009,1123,781,803]" class="Bryopsida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Hypnales" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="order">Hypnales</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="5AC5A0A51F32A46BFB9D8B64FAB15156" box="[1134,1332,781,803]" class="Bryopsida" family="Amblystegiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Hypnales" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="family">Amblystegiaceae</taxonomicName>
) as hosts (
<bibRefCitation id="F954A6D71F32A46BFCB08B45FBC85134" author="Wesenberg-Lund C" box="[835,1101,812,834]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" pagination="380 - 397" refId="ref37254" refString="Wesenberg-Lund C. 1943. Biologie der Susswasserinsekten. Berlin: Springer, 380 - 397 [in German]." type="book chapter" year="1943">Wesenberg-Lund, 1943</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="F954A6D71F32A46BFB908B45FABC5137" author="Brinkmann R" box="[1123,1337,812,834]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" pagination="1 - 156" refId="ref29611" refString="Brinkmann R. 1991. Zur Habitatpraferenz und Phanologie der Limoniidae, Tipulidae und Cylindrotomidae (Diptera) im Bereich eines norddeutschen Tieflandbaches. Faunistisch- Okologische Mitteilungen Supplement 11: 1 - 156." type="journal article" year="1991">Brinkmann (1991)</bibRefCitation>
reported that
<specimenCount id="8BC310AF1F32A46BFC868B22FC615115" box="[885,996,842,864]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" type="adult">one adult</specimenCount>
emerged from
<taxonomicName id="5AC5A0A51F32A46BFB6A8B22FA265115" authority="Hedw." authorityName="Hedw." box="[1177,1443,842,864]" class="Bryopsida" family="Mniaceae" genus="Mnium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryales" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="hornum">
<emphasis id="AFB107341F32A46BFB6A8B22FAD1512A" box="[1177,1364,842,864]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186">Mnium hornum</emphasis>
Hedw.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5AC5A0A51F32A46BFCB08B00FC18510A" box="[835,925,873,895]" class="Bryopsida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryales" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="order">Bryales</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="5AC5A0A51F32A46BFC548B00FB9D510A" box="[935,1048,873,895]" class="Bryopsida" family="Mniaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryales" pageId="30" pageNumber="1186" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="family">Mniaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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