186 lines
21 KiB
XML
186 lines
21 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="785DC44EF8FB0FEE194C9139FD0C27E5">Two genera of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) new to Africa, a remarkable new species of Anaphes and new generic synonymy</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D92902D619203434B3E00EA9B8038E35">Huber, John T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5956C66D15E416ACBD0DF0AB01AA234F">Triapitsyn, Serguei V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="432CA95B6B7837418182099CCF201073">2017</mods:date>
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<treatment id="F1A895108F1EEAEEBA52310B43CA5CC0" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127882793" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F1A895108F1EEAEEBA52310B43CA5CC0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F1A895108F1EEAEEBA52310B43CA5CC0" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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<subSubSection id="3FD6DE0438C6F3F90A9209F9DB8BCDF7" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="63278A812CE6A8A72D2DFF0BC177C596" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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<taxonomicName id="044D94C9E861D31FE99619ADF9248862" ID-CoL="3QWX" ID-ENA="2426893" authority="Enock, 1909" authorityName="Enock" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Cleruchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cleruchus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cleruchus Enock, 1909</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A1CF2E10681336BB059427A45834CF13" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="7F8821F1E324E76CCC71C8A9A2BB3A98" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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<taxonomicName id="533BFD9F1EFF1B5CB9EEA403A8F75D6B" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Bakkendorfia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bakkendorfia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bakkendorfia</taxonomicName>
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Mathot, 1966. Syn. n.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="90AAF783130F251DB86208AE8EAAE620" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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<taxonomicName id="A06C33875F64FFAC8F190A8B851D1B97" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Douttiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Douttiella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Douttiella</taxonomicName>
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Annecke, 1961. Synonymy under
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<taxonomicName id="0B5260DA8FCD0DF0268A8E64D9A5EB02" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Cleruchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cleruchus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cleruchus</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="14948ADF381B8517386D0BA7B0BEF92F" author="Noyes, JS" journalOrPublisher="Fauna of New Zealand" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" title="Mymaridae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) - introduction, and review of genera" volume="vol. 17" year="1989">Noyes & Valentine, 1989</bibRefCitation>
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: 31.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FBEF3FD890EAEA057D2771BD5FAE2266" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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<taxonomicName id="AC311ECB28D7EB4566E7D7F4C64C52E5" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Eucleruchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eucleruchus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eucleruchus</taxonomicName>
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Ogloblin, 1940. Synonymy under
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<taxonomicName id="D72BAECC9053983BD6F3C70E5A9BC9B7" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Cleruchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cleruchus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cleruchus</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="B3346A08477A6B773853E119876B8C65" author="Luft Albarracin, EL" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 28" title="Annotated key to the genera of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) in Argentina." volume="2129" year="2009">Luft Albarracin et al., 2009</bibRefCitation>
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: 26.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6BCBDD3FDE5C9CA1510876594C85FCE8" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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<taxonomicName id="3B67BDA6EFA63B54AE8361DE8609983D" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Haplochaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haplochaeta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Haplochaeta</taxonomicName>
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Noyes & Valentine, 1989. Synonymy under
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<taxonomicName id="4DF19EC661707D2E1AA9810E665B837E" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Cleruchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cleruchus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cleruchus</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="72CBFD8DEC80A684468A8384B6F620BD" author="Lin, NQ" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 111" title="The Australian genera of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)." volume="1596" year="2007">Lin et al., 2007</bibRefCitation>
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: 29.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DEC006D9D46177B2C9EC715C1D9B5B60" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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<taxonomicName id="E368E120E864C71A707995829E2E7B40" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Paracleruchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paracleruchus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paracleruchus</taxonomicName>
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Yoshimoto, 1971. Synonymy under
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<taxonomicName id="5368ACA8165CDC1BB84AEDFAE427AC67" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Cleruchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cleruchus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cleruchus</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="FA480D5554315C38ED46BACD6DED0A0B" author="Viggiani, G" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" pagination="86 - 88" title="Notizie sui mimaridi terricoli, con proposte sinonimiche per il genere Cleruchus Enock (Ricerche sugli HymenopteraChalcidoidea: XLI)." volume="106" year="1974">Viggiani, 1974</bibRefCitation>
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: 88.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5E8F71F95F8295ED6A14AD80354C0FB7" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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<taxonomicName id="5E18116120057CD03D19560BA97C2DDF" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Stenopteromymar" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenopteromymar" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stenopteromymar</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="A741BA8AB26348747D79D4157AAD8181" originalValue="Ferrière">Ferriere</normalizedToken>
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, 1952. Synonymy under
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<taxonomicName id="5F29E80F6D24B00D43C844396ADB55D4" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Cleruchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cleruchus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cleruchus</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="04C3CAAC49D8DC07FCA07B8EBA299D79" author="Viggiani, G" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" pagination="86 - 88" title="Notizie sui mimaridi terricoli, con proposte sinonimiche per il genere Cleruchus Enock (Ricerche sugli HymenopteraChalcidoidea: XLI)." volume="106" year="1974">Viggiani, 1974</bibRefCitation>
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: 88.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="37AAAD85F8A6DDC3105087820D773686" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="type species">
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<paragraph id="8AD38E99D638CAE8142B743B12B2905F" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4A7FD94400C3FEBD0270F9537BC59132" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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<taxonomicName id="309E60420BFF540D1B1E81A992FE957A" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Cleruchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cleruchus pluteus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pluteus">Cleruchus pluteus</taxonomicName>
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Enock.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="89ACFE5D06E97E27E135314CBE1546A5" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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The worldwide genus
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<taxonomicName id="086912E000B8DA5907A5870F6CA12E5E" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Cleruchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cleruchus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cleruchus</taxonomicName>
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contains a variety of species known as parasitoids of
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<taxonomicName id="9BF3D11567A558679C0A8F4711DF7D6F" lsidName="Chalcidoidea" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
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(Triapitsyn et al. 2013,
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<bibRefCitation id="F6B1EC8B0E90D3CC0A5C7E436DD21B0E" author="Barnes, BN" journalOrPublisher="African Entomology" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" pagination="900 - 905" title="First record of a fairyfly, Cleruchusdepressus (Annecke) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), parasitizing eggs of banded fruit weevil, Phlycitinuscallosus Schoenherr (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in South Africa." url="https://doi.org/10.4001/003.022.0404" volume="22" year="2014">Barnes 2014</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="B0D13CC2AA727C51295496190CCF51A6" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Bakkendorfia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bakkendorfia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bakkendorfia</taxonomicName>
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contains only one described species,
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<taxonomicName id="84437D1A548AAB63AF63568ABA2DEA01" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Bakkendorfia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bakkendorfia musangae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="musangae">Bakkendorfia musangae</taxonomicName>
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Mathot that
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<bibRefCitation id="54CE15B27B9B688130D7E8C5F82D7D58" author="Mathot, G" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin & Annales de la Societe Royale d'Entomologie de Belgique" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" pagination="213 - 239" title="Contribution a la connaissance des Mymaridae et Mymarommidae d'Afrique centrale (HymenopteraChalcidoidea)." volume="102" year="1966">Mathot (1966)</bibRefCitation>
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treated as being
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<pageBreakToken id="086832BD704CD286B871DF9B8593F563" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" start="start">related</pageBreakToken>
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to
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<taxonomicName id="F9664D004ADB9A43C5D800A715D1293E" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Parallelaptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parallelaptera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parallelaptera</taxonomicName>
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Enock (now a subgenus of
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<taxonomicName id="7586BF1535B00455E198D3819A6F6385" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Erythmelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erythmelus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Erythmelus</taxonomicName>
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Enock) based on a large hypopygium. While this is one defining feature of
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<taxonomicName id="EE29E872C03A545CCC91AE23F4D63310" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Erythmelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erythmelus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Erythmelus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<normalizedToken id="43FEE1099A68954D4616BD48DADB8300" originalValue="Mathot’s">Mathot's</normalizedToken>
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species differs from
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<taxonomicName id="2F4B37BDC043BBA6E5CC606969D70957" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Erythmelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erythmelus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Erythmelus</taxonomicName>
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in many other respects, particularly in the structure of the head and mandibles.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8697B4C5F10CC44B61DE0284905859D2" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
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<pageBreakToken id="6273CC2B59926E8D529578E995797E07" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" start="start">We</pageBreakToken>
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examined the type series (Fig. 3, holotype slide) and found that
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<taxonomicName id="DF1A5083D8225F4D6ACD83353E688A53" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Bakkendorfia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bakkendorfia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bakkendorfia</taxonomicName>
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matches
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<taxonomicName id="9DF75E1D7B2EABC2210C7F15674EBC6C" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Cleruchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cleruchus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cleruchus</taxonomicName>
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in all its features. We therefore transfer the type species to
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<taxonomicName id="C019B4E666C9F6ECFD67E0CF6A9FEFD0" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Cleruchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cleruchus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cleruchus</taxonomicName>
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as
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<taxonomicName id="B8E2FB64864E756113FBCA6D544AFDB6" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Cleruchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cleruchus musangae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="musangae">Cleruchus musangae</taxonomicName>
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(Mathot), comb. n., and illustrate it. Features that define
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<taxonomicName id="160232EEC40411F057292EB942E575C2" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Cleruchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cleruchus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cleruchus</taxonomicName>
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<pageBreakToken id="AD086A853CC7CE4F22B48F1E92E36A5F" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" start="start">include</pageBreakToken>
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: posterior ocelli widely separated and close to the eye margins, forming a low ocellar triangle (Fig. 1); frenum transverse and somewhat oval in shape (Fig. 1); head in lateral view with a distinctly bulging face; and mandible with 2 teeth. Females have a short ovipositor (Fig. 2) and large clava almost as long as the relatively short funicle, the individual segments of which are usually more or less quadrate (Figs 1, 2, 4). The most obvious generic feature, a parallel-sided fore wing with few microtrichia on its surface and a slightly widened and curved stigmal vein (Fig. 5), is one that is not always present because the degree of wing development varies considerably among species of
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<taxonomicName id="7EA9B5416B5E2C0AB1696776A5C8DC49" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Cleruchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cleruchus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cleruchus</taxonomicName>
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. Wingless species have been described (
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<bibRefCitation id="3FA9A4C92CD35FA9FB01F3D9920BA4F9" author="Yoshimoto, CM" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" pagination="1079 - 1082" title="A new genus of mymarid wasp (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea: Mymaridae) from New Brunswick, Canada." url="https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent1031079-8" volume="103" year="1971">Yoshimoto 1971</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="AE81C37704556EDCDEF3AACF2385DD5B" author="Triaptsyn, SV" journalOrPublisher="North-Western Journal of Zoology" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" pagination="6 - 15" title="Taxonomic notes on three little-known species of Cleruchus Enock (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) described by S. Novicky from Europe." volume="9" year="2013">Triapitsyn et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41A65FB7EFF84100A9F2CA7C624DF950" author="Triapitsyn, SV" journalOrPublisher="Far Eastern Entomologist" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 59" title="Review of the Palaearctic species of Cleruchus Enock (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae)." volume="274" year="2014 a">Triapitsyn 2014a</bibRefCitation>
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) and among fully winged species, the fore wing of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="267A9839EB6F2F361779C52EC751BB1A" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Cleruchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cleruchus biciliatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biciliatus">Cleruchus biciliatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4F90F3720E96DD98E57B1BBBC20BB5A4" originalValue="Ferrière">Ferriere</normalizedToken>
|
||
) has a greatly reduced surface and only two (or sometimes four) long marginal setae and the hind wing is greatly shortened, without marginal setae (Fig. 6).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="8D2F1347DD35615DFAD70CC1B61CDF6D" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<paragraph id="67A5C1735846668178DDF3C3AEE8124A" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Figures 1-3.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2713E947EBD14BE5E70877267B85A6D0" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Cleruchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cleruchus musangae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="musangae">Cleruchus musangae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Mathot), holotype habitus 1 dorsal 2 ventral, as seen through body from above 3 holotype slide. Scale bar: 500
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B1EF157C4D1D377A98FBF83ED24FA286" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="9F3FF1BFD964653511F6D85A712412F2" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<paragraph id="73672C94B4156127F4A34A7B68620FDE" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Figures 4, 5.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="411437BFBA4CA16CBC758BE374A75C7F" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Cleruchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cleruchus musangae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="musangae">Cleruchus musangae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Mathot), holotype 4 antennae 5 fore wing. Scale bars: 200
|
||
<normalizedToken id="111CF35695E129C47029EDF817CA6CFC" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="A00ABD93F780A1822169B1918C25A992" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<paragraph id="1C5E9885B9D9D80087D2387ED632BC55" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Figure 6.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7961EE8110CB89DAF4FBD64FAD361728" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Cleruchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cleruchus biciliatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biciliatus">Cleruchus biciliatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3BD952D22435B2050884DD66B226584A" originalValue="Ferrière">Ferriere</normalizedToken>
|
||
), paratype habitus. Scale bar: 500
|
||
<normalizedToken id="61D249BA0E16F1A7B16F02E415CB2337" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |