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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297097" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316535" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f9373c90-73c5-4ee4-b0f8-4c371f527d91" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905209323" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. &amp; Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="E25A964A5EF8F9AEA25EB4F3374F8C13" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Muridae.1189-1531.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Rattus exulans Peale 1848" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="A2267A57FF8A65DA07E1D2E970F9422A" lastPageNumber="1469" masterDocId="A2267A57FF8A65DA07E1D2E970F9422A" masterDocTitle="Order Rodentia - Family Muridae" masterLastPageNumber="1531" masterPageNumber="1189" pageNumber="1469" updateTime="1716781534040" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="97FA0099C7E4DCAEBD0256FB35F7A92F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="1769189237C613775427F8170D018903">
<mods:title id="9845B7D7AED97B34E200A4951A46895E">Order Rodentia - Family Muridae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="48A6E166EA167435912D9A642731F417" type="personal">
<mods:role id="BFD7A1440DE53F625ED5B0548770CA74">
<mods:roleTerm id="7973EFA72CB113F89A701C205353AE41">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F6113A673EC9F5C3C42A57467BCD55AF">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="5764E54A6C84B24FD46F9B6E6EA8A564" type="personal">
<mods:role id="60FDC422F0E607C2FE6005577AD8ACBB">
<mods:roleTerm id="021C4BC5A838DC51AE468B9D85EDA81B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F036F95693589981DC459CCEED18DDD8">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="6517397D35B232A3CADD66949D4AA221">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="2945458B2472F047BF2FFFE4362FD770">2005</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:publisher id="5EFC7B5CDBF3EE935FF903B34F84AF00">The Johns Hopkins University Press</mods:publisher>
<mods:place id="D416784865F5293A7739EB624AF8E564">
<mods:placeTerm id="D29DFD798C7AD56243DA06AE5EE2FE5D">Baltimore</mods:placeTerm>
</mods:place>
</mods:originInfo>
<mods:titleInfo id="E0B88D703D4358229AD4C8FFE6F2A105">
<mods:title id="1AB6CB5CDA5E00FC897E967AFD09C6BC">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:classification id="7FC8BF4A1C5B69E8D78CC40BD222EF51">book chapter</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="228E16F4A8FB82A8391860D48E0B0A07" type="ISBN">0-8018-8221-4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="CBA204629FCD5A1E0F7F2B4C64CEBBA1" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.7316535</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="E25A964A5EF8F9AEA25EB4F3374F8C13" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231540104" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E25A964A5EF8F9AEA25EB4F3374F8C13" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E25A964A5EF8F9AEA25EB4F3374F8C13" lastPageNumber="1469" pageNumber="1469" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=13001742">
<subSubSection id="5578B3FACF92CED509C11FD73643C8DE" pageNumber="1469" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="3DF8576D99B587F0AFA454035BFFDA7E" pageNumber="1469">
<taxonomicName id="B964867447290AD512AFE841D07FECAB" ID-CoL="4RM4P" authority="Peale 1848" authorityName="Peale" authorityYear="1848" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exulans">
<emphasis id="5E4C8573A5632BF7FA0DA10743904809" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus exulans</emphasis>
Peale 1848
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E0987BF074DA60AB512D69993C3B943C" pageNumber="1469" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="9F9646D948E3F9353CF64A34AEC989CA" pageNumber="1469">
<treatmentCitation id="C747F5F56D385D63DE819F28201DDEC5" author="Peale" authority="Peale 1848" authorityName="Peale" authorityYear="1848" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" page="47" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exulans" title="Rattus exulans" volumeTitle="Mammalia, in: Repts. U. S. Expl. Surv., Vol. 8" year="1848">
<taxonomicName id="7FBBAA2A0F85337EBE7296E78FEBDAFC" ID-CoL="4RM4P" authority="Peale 1848" authorityName="Peale" authorityYear="1848" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exulans">
<emphasis id="44440079B0A0B7EDE76931E67E5E7E05" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus exulans</emphasis>
Peale 1848
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibCitation id="E1692658ED6C36FF61F7E04C0FB6B64F" author="Peale" pageNumber="1469" pagination="47" title="Rattus exulans" volumeTitle="Mammalia, in: Repts. U. S. Expl. Surv., Vol. 8" year="1848">
<taxonomicName id="883019E690C2F680D5182EDC6B654E01" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="class">Mammalia</taxonomicName>
, in: Repts.
<collectingCountry id="29BE1C58AFF3241269A72A90A37D8524" name="United States of America">U. S.</collectingCountry>
Expl. Surv., Vol. 8: 47
</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6FCE36FE8C7F800E974B373BC9ADF755" pageNumber="1469" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="98323E9C6683DB80F9FEF5CD9E2218D1" pageNumber="1469">
<emphasis id="33A105453294D4BFDF22D9BDC535FFFC" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1469">Type Locality:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="E3D0C5B139A1E554FEB372CB8AFF0646" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867324307" country="France" pageNumber="1469">
Society Isls, Tahiti Isl (
<collectingCountry id="A496A23A723DA1E9D2BFCB467830AB9D" name="France">France</collectingCountry>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00CCCC2D9AC4D1AF2A0528D31A542784" pageNumber="1469" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="66648E9410364B80D5A1EA154C469128" pageNumber="1469">
<emphasis id="E3C54189B6C632E9903E5E95FA6C056C" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1469">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="10308A4EF3E6FD0844D18C7A503A4683" language="eng" pageNumber="1469">Pacific Rat</vernacularName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0FCBAFED38C15B7F31DD90D71DDA6720" pageNumber="1469" type="synonym_list">
<paragraph id="63F299970AF33E0AD47C6F4F3D586F02" pageNumber="1469">
<emphasis id="3A83FB666DC4AC52A1D0026BB1163B4C" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1469">Synonyms:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A8BB3CE1DFF2188694678CCABD695FDB" authority="(Thomas 1896)" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1896" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aemuli">
<emphasis id="60DE902FED2357EF8A85899A00EF378A" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus aemuli</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9C6B9F5B210B2F8B4C145C918A6E42B9" author="Thomas, O." refId="ref352089" refString="Thomas, O. 1896 [1897]. On the genera of rodents: An attempt to bring up to date the current arrangement of the order. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1896: 1012 - 1028." year="1896">Thomas 1896</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="957D466421AB54EB53F03DA82E39C04E" authority="Troughton 1937" authorityName="Troughton" authorityYear="1937" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aitape">
<emphasis id="CE40A0531DC02077F507C0CBF6F17552" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus aitape</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="00F9183867FC7F4C0E828DD4509A3FB2" author="Troughton, E. Le G." refId="ref359955" refString="Troughton, E. Le G. 1937. Descriptions of some New Guinea mammals. Records of the Australian Museum, 20: 117 - 127." year="1937">Troughton 1937</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="11459BBF8FB83F879FA5D28DA5CE9ADB" authority="(Mearns 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Mearns" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apicus">
<emphasis id="7EEF554BD22AACA7DBA6F662B6EC8353" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus apicus</emphasis>
(Mearns 1905)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="3A333205865CA5B8FA8F8B7717FD252A" authority="(Hollister 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Hollister" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="basilanus">
<emphasis id="36C2DA887CB160E8F12110D6EEA2A80F" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus basilanus</emphasis>
(Hollister 1913)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="A9AB639BF4A30F5CBE8027C6601948A9" authority="(Milne-Edwards 1872)" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1872" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bocourti">
<emphasis id="E51665F4BC4CE97EC550DBF1A89652D4" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus bocourti</emphasis>
(Milne-Edwards 1872)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="E42328715941DBB07E53B28406432B2D" authority="(Alston 1877)" baseAuthorityName="Alston" baseAuthorityYear="1877" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="browni">
<emphasis id="2F06A3694374E2C1B05C7450B2FFF808" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus browni</emphasis>
(Alston 1877)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="808C24C9760F3BBDF360E6CAD2667A04" authority="(J. A. Allen 1911)" baseAuthorityName="J. A. Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1911" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buruensis">
<emphasis id="38E9281859D54C722D6FC60FEBE2D5C7" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus buruensis</emphasis>
(J. A. Allen 1911)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="A7927D86AFDE2C4B8991DFE29AB27F05" authority="(Hollister 1911)" baseAuthorityName="Hollister" baseAuthorityYear="1911" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calcis">
<emphasis id="0810D2EB79EFB5218DEE53AB034B5DD4" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus calcis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="269ED6EAD2547D6878E946D9F5D862E8" author="Hollister, N." refId="ref156807" refString="Hollister, N. 1911. A systematic synopsis of the muskrats. North American Fauna, 32: 1 - 47." year="1911">Hollister 1911</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="83479424627016A7D9BDEFCCF182A07F" authority="(Lyon 1906)" baseAuthorityName="Lyon" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clabatus">
<emphasis id="15CD3ED2CB8D4AA62E39BA1784B241E3" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus clabatus</emphasis>
(Lyon 1906)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="F81527BCCAC7AC9FE651465115056E16" authority="(Blyth 1859)" baseAuthorityName="Blyth" baseAuthorityYear="1859" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="concolor">
<emphasis id="ECBCAC077C323CAC94ECA70C387A5F31" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus concolor</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E3AA65052BF1B186AC36615FD01C9478" author="Blyth, E." refId="ref34026" refString="Blyth, E. 1859. Proceedings of the Asiatic Society: Report of the Curator, Zoological Department, for February to May Meetings, 1859. Asiatic Society of Bengal, 3: 271 - 298." year="1859">Blyth 1859</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="8804DBCF8C1DE97DBA6489DDC917C5F7" authority="(Ramsay 1877)" baseAuthorityName="Ramsay" baseAuthorityYear="1877" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="echimyoides">
<emphasis id="E94B054E36571E5825A4367E2E9C0675" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus echimyoides</emphasis>
(Ramsay 1877)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="919BD0B43E3ADEF31FB7A2AE9222EEF1" authority="(Jentink 1880)" baseAuthorityName="Jentink" baseAuthorityYear="1880" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ephippium">
<emphasis id="7691E61B389B33FB5047EC5903725D20" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus ephippium</emphasis>
(Jentink 1880)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="3407CCDBE5F51A3B7C47C0201DF5BD51" authority="Robinson and Kloss 1927" authorityName="Robinson and Kloss" authorityYear="1927" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="equile">
<emphasis id="605EC6B8CDD2D9DE65D5BF5E2FA9D4F9" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus equile</emphasis>
Robinson and Kloss 1927
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="023F7146B319FAD98C6F0F2485DDF9A1" authority="Miller and Hollister 1921" authorityName="Miller and Hollister" authorityYear="1921" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eurous">
<emphasis id="1395B35826F6711E7BB7EA437450F701" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus eurous</emphasis>
Miller and Hollister 1921
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="574716EFE0F349C49AC3B02D7B854995" authority="Troughton 1845" authorityName="Troughton" authorityYear="1845" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gawae">
<emphasis id="E5C83322D7FF7F9E06967800B417FEB6" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus gawae</emphasis>
Troughton 1845
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="8DE23DF7214DBCE70B193A0E6054CCCF" authority="Stone 1917" authorityName="Stone" authorityYear="1917" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hawaiiensis">
<emphasis id="BD1A442D789FF01015B1C04FCAA602A7" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus hawaiiensis</emphasis>
Stone 1917
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="9642EAD58B9DD83D8A757EAFBD597853" authority="(Thomas 1880)" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1880" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="huegeli">
<emphasis id="B162917229DF9F0A57C14965331EA757" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus huegeli</emphasis>
(Thomas 1880)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="6484E8E8A48ECAFBF9C255858FF8FCB2" authority="(Jentink 1879)" baseAuthorityName="Jentink" baseAuthorityYear="1879" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jessook">
<emphasis id="7F9547AF01A5A2375255C3DD8EBF997B" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus jessook</emphasis>
(Jentink 1879)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="7B1AAD0DB45E7C813591E73065E9AC67" authority="Sody 1933" authorityName="Sody" authorityYear="1933" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lassacquerei">
<emphasis id="E8712E469D17F69874BA15D35CAE4C86" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus lassacquerei</emphasis>
Sody 1933
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="645F7E3D4C87FA17315454B0513A68DC" authority="(Hollister 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Hollister" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucophaetus">
<emphasis id="536EE9045AEB82D9EF64AA3973E2BA8E" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus leucophaetus</emphasis>
(Hollister 1913)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="46F99D428FC1DBA378B89C1B536B160C" authority="(J. A. Allen 1910)" baseAuthorityName="J. A. Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luteiventris">
<emphasis id="4EF487E6FE929ABC78DC795B10342282" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus luteiventris</emphasis>
(J. A.
<bibRefCitation id="33F0626B393FD0E5AE485D71BF374F27" author="Allen, J. A." refId="ref5671" refString="Allen, J. A. 1910. Mammals from Palawan Island, Philippine Islands. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 28 (3): 13 - 17." year="1910">Allen 1910</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="E0D15FF5896402D50E1C4BBAFCD275D3" authority="Sody 1941" authorityName="Sody" authorityYear="1941" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malengiensis">
<emphasis id="C6D1C9CCBD4D709769307F9E839301B7" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus malengiensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B367BCE13AF3006DA6C9D5084DF27F24" author="Sody, H. J. V." refId="ref332599" refString="Sody, H. J. V. 1941. On a collection of rats from the Indo- Malayan and Indo- Australian regions (with descriptions of 43 new genera, species and subspecies). Treubia, 18: 255 - 325." year="1941">Sody 1941</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="1CB597BFA38F4D8CC958EBF6A3D5953E" authority="Sody 1934" authorityName="Sody" authorityYear="1934" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manoquarius">
<emphasis id="09F9B726F62321E4D4EB9767DC5BC5C0" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus manoquarius</emphasis>
Sody 1934
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="26FC262F15C67164CE3E0787C5B82785" authority="(Hutton 1870)" baseAuthorityName="Hutton" baseAuthorityYear="1870" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maorium">
<emphasis id="F882798D15BD4BEA908DEB4411D3F3AB" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus maorium</emphasis>
(Hutton 1870)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="5DB455D7F7D13BA86E8D60C5D9014379" authority="(Hollister 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Hollister" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mayonicus">
<emphasis id="F2EE9556672555724588753F87CDC17F" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus mayonicus</emphasis>
(Hollister 1913)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="B93468EE7F16DE27CF42321317B6F98C" authority="(Dieterlen 1986)" baseAuthorityName="Dieterlen" baseAuthorityYear="1986" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanoderma">
<emphasis id="63ADEA19D269DA9901C54069FA665F1B" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus melanoderma</emphasis>
(Dieterlen 1986)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="521FD238CEBAC6A4F5864EB18DF521C6" authority="Sody 1941" authorityName="Sody" authorityYear="1941" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meringgit">
<emphasis id="FBF21F29CA21E7B1EAA5619822F66B64" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus meringgit</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C91327B147082507B5464B3743F3F0C0" author="Sody, H. J. V." refId="ref332599" refString="Sody, H. J. V. 1941. On a collection of rats from the Indo- Malayan and Indo- Australian regions (with descriptions of 43 new genera, species and subspecies). Treubia, 18: 255 - 325." year="1941">Sody 1941</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="7A2CB84DAD3EBBDA7397989007A59244" authority="Tokuda 1933" authorityName="Tokuda" authorityYear="1933" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="micronesiensis">
<emphasis id="FCBB60FFE8DBF036FC8BDC5BA71252C8" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus micronesiensis</emphasis>
Tokuda 1933
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="754BB63E646FA04ACA7186D54E4DA81E" authority="(Thomas 1898)" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="negrinus">
<emphasis id="252A94A0FF6BAED7FFEFE91D22C69414" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus negrinus</emphasis>
(Thomas 1898)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="40E948240AC84858B91E68308646ADBF" authority="(Miller 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
<emphasis id="1F1E65ED951C5B971CE951825EE228A1" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus obscurus</emphasis>
(Miller 1900)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="FF76F52F77B846651EE4A34260CF3322" authority="(Hollister 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Hollister" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornatulus">
<emphasis id="830FD5F21AC9E4F9B64AD7F504748CCF" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus ornatulus</emphasis>
(Hollister 1913)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="8E7814252E5B6CEAC9BD76A346CBDD7B" authority="Kopstein 1931" authorityName="Kopstein" authorityYear="1931" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="otteni">
<emphasis id="CC2D2E1F51D6194D7535DF695E6725DC" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus otteni</emphasis>
Kopstein 1931
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="85BAFA789C940BC386D3A143961D8D26" authority="(Mearns 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Mearns" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pantarensis">
<emphasis id="D5C47D7BA811ED06AE3CC852FA3E0208" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus pantarensis</emphasis>
(Mearns 1905)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="5E6C816826A59B320EEEEB4F89F7FA02" authority="Troughton 1937" authorityName="Troughton" authorityYear="1937" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praecelsus">
<emphasis id="BAE904C889744B268902B7CB38FC3011" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus praecelsus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="434434045B7A8BF3E0C5D81930D03A7C" author="Troughton, E. Le G." refId="ref359955" refString="Troughton, E. Le G. 1937. Descriptions of some New Guinea mammals. Records of the Australian Museum, 20: 117 - 127." year="1937">Troughton 1937</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="C94B0FCC99AB9C45F503BEBF6C8A0F8C" authority="(Miller 1901)" baseAuthorityName="Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1901" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pullus">
<emphasis id="3164369FE8CD1CC39362BDF9212B2B02" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus pullus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="767015ED794EF209B531521A47205EF5" author="Miller, G. S., Jr. &amp; J. A. G. Rehn" refId="ref242376" refString="Miller, G. S., Jr., and J. A. G. Rehn. 1901. Systematic results of the study of North American land mammals to the close of the year 1900. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 30 (1): 1 - 352." year="1901">Miller 1901</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4B17C273C99EF3A5915CDE363EEB634B" authority="(Hollister 1911)" baseAuthorityName="Hollister" baseAuthorityYear="1911" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="querceti">
<emphasis id="B8DD307B8048749DA914909903071753" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus querceti</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="084FF54188CA16327F715C5934909C9F" author="Hollister, N." refId="ref156807" refString="Hollister, N. 1911. A systematic synopsis of the muskrats. North American Fauna, 32: 1 - 47." year="1911">Hollister 1911</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="0EF6E04B51B1E9030005CFE61A1D197B" authority="Miller and Hollister 1921" authorityName="Miller and Hollister" authorityYear="1921" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="raveni">
<emphasis id="3757D1BB8ADF0BC458E04ECBBFD0CE65" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus raveni</emphasis>
Miller and Hollister 1921
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="7E8F82AFA83E429BAD78C1942A956CFA" authority="Troughton 1945" authorityName="Troughton" authorityYear="1945" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rennelli">
<emphasis id="DBE4D597F7AA7C5B304D0307C53BF548" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus rennelli</emphasis>
Troughton 1945
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="97EB3D8FF99EA98B98B281FF4DABD8E4" authority="Sody 1933" authorityName="Sody" authorityYear="1933" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schuitemakeri">
<emphasis id="60A3950A581CE76596D5D8500E0D9BDE" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus schuitemakeri</emphasis>
Sody 1933
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="29789E538785A0F56621AB2E06BF9370" authority="Kellogg 1945" authorityName="Kellogg" authorityYear="1945" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="solatus">
<emphasis id="050155AE0A19F2AF21A43794B8D82148" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus solatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="70F8A4AB42149081BCF8313D82350251" author="Kellogg, R." refId="ref182353" refString="Kellogg, R. 1945. Two rats from Morotai Island. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 58: 65 - 68." year="1945">Kellogg 1945</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="14BD8BAE9CD4DF299B2D4079B81CA2DF" authority="(Robinson and Kloss 1916)" baseAuthorityName="Robinson and Kloss" baseAuthorityYear="1916" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stragulum">
<emphasis id="D93E4A905EF74BC588CE424205D55AB4" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus stragulum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E420BCA9D77A9CB5401E17706E9E6916" author="Robinson, H. C. &amp; C. B. Kloss" refId="ref307185" refString="Robinson, H. C., and C. B. Kloss. 1916. Preliminary diagnoses of some new species and subspecies of mammals and birds obtained in Korinchi, West Sumatra, Feb. - June 1914. Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 73: 269 - 278." year="1916">Robinson and Kloss 1916</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="7888EBC27FF4C550DE3DD255C9C856B0" authority="Troughton 1937" authorityName="Troughton" authorityYear="1937" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="suffectus">
<emphasis id="3432ABF2C0601D06A7175F15CCF03972" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus suffectus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C4BE6353A920E413BE9D2EE1217364C3" author="Troughton, E. Le G." refId="ref359955" refString="Troughton, E. Le G. 1937. Descriptions of some New Guinea mammals. Records of the Australian Museum, 20: 117 - 127." year="1937">Troughton 1937</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="2BB7793C3026074DE36CB125AED85855" authority="(Miller 1903)" baseAuthorityName="Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="surdus">
<emphasis id="6C608B06141B21C12D34CE15BCEB6D66" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus surdus</emphasis>
(Miller 1903)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="41DC5B63246752D7C26BD7A387FBD81A" authority="Troughton 1937" authorityName="Troughton" authorityYear="1937" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tibicen">
<emphasis id="2D3F469CDFB7466AF19978C2F4AAC0C9" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus tibicen</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FDB67D22DBE917D7FBF8AA868E8F9642" author="Troughton, E. Le G." refId="ref359955" refString="Troughton, E. Le G. 1937. Descriptions of some New Guinea mammals. Records of the Australian Museum, 20: 117 - 127." year="1937">Troughton 1937</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="6B66E830B4C4E9FFCE3BFCA9784B9409" authority="(Mearns 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Mearns" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="todayensis">
<emphasis id="01D5C5C3ED1501EA05C17382C7A62A41" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus todayensis</emphasis>
(Mearns 1905)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="E306F2E45150B29EABA8AB619F9197F2" authority="(Hollister 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Hollister" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vigoratus">
<emphasis id="ED8CDD5B70E3D4F7FA06E538BE7FD24C" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus vigoratus</emphasis>
(Hollister 1913)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="42742CC82C0831684FCE5827139C9EE8" authority="(Peale 1848)" baseAuthorityName="Peale" baseAuthorityYear="1848" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vitiensis">
<emphasis id="2C4F85A4F3ED9C86F8F14A1124B488FE" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus vitiensis</emphasis>
(Peale 1848)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="08E468F6855B4497C40027AD204FEFC9" authority="(Mearns 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Mearns" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulcani">
<emphasis id="72ECC4B7805CA455A317468BB47F6913" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus vulcani</emphasis>
(Mearns 1905)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="D5B807605D2B377208D4851A8C7E67BB" authority="(Jentink 1890)" baseAuthorityName="Jentink" baseAuthorityYear="1890" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wichmanni">
<emphasis id="48B872F9D3D0A681D4757FA431D9A558" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus wichmanni</emphasis>
(Jentink 1890)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0AEB452239AE01218796B9514EE5B331" pageNumber="1469" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="53763E80976A2537BC522D4C0596BD65" pageNumber="1469">
<emphasis id="84EA4E394BA3E2DF05023ABD3FFDCFBD" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1469">Distribution:</emphasis>
E
<collectingCountry id="FF4CD908801A46F0A8642B7763810DE6" name="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
, C and S
<collectingCountry id="BCB390C15D2BB2568274B6D7C7491DFC" name="Myanmar">Burma</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="9C47003869D81ED9954ABA6C0DB4B6E1" name="Thailand">Thailand</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="67E0CA741F1D5A1B1E0EBB270DF0AF9B" name="Laos">Laos</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="47205E8D342E8542A0FD04A62B64E55B" name="Cambodia">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
, C and S
<collectingCountry id="14267B2810EAC50F5C6061EA9E7FCCCA" name="Vietnam">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, Yongxing Isl in the Xisha Arch (in South
<collectingCountry id="4D5ED9F8AA2BD4F63714A0F67451FB72" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
Sea southeast of
<collectingRegion id="3C469FE261ACA3437D2F7BA6C673A199" country="China" name="Hainan">Hainan</collectingRegion>
Isl between 16E and 18EN;
<bibRefCitation id="9A4F9E1747BE5AB885A99AF35CEB8B9B" author="Wang, Y." refId="ref382514" refString="Wang, Y. 2003. A complete checklist of mammal species and subspecies in China. A taxonomic and geographic reference. China Forestry Publishing House, (Beijing), 394 pp." year="2003">Wang, 2003</bibRefCitation>
), E
<collectingCountry id="28746B05A76FA5DE9DE5D9C3787963BE" name="Taiwan">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
and Miyakojima Isl in S Ryukyus (
<bibRefCitation id="C190D5EFD3990D32035D250CABD4031D" author="Motokawa, M. &amp; K. - H. Lu &amp; M. Harada &amp; L. - K. Lin" refId="ref248881" refString="Motokawa, M., K. - H. Lu, M. Harada, and L. - K. Lin. 2001 a. New records of the Polynesian rat Rattus exulans (Mammalia: Rodentia) from Taiwan and the Ryukyus. Zoological Studies, 40 (4): 299 - 304." year="2001">
Motokawa et al., 2001
<emphasis id="AE84926EDEADCB71F0A35BFF29B596AB" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">a</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
), Sundaic region (incl. Mentawai Isls, and islands of Enggano, Nias, and Simeulule), Christmas Isl (
<bibRefCitation id="C7D15D56FFEF8D9971A15F569F27F849" author="Gibson-Hill, C. A." refId="ref120492" refString="Gibson-Hill, C. A. 1947. A note on the mammals of Christmas Island. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, 18: 166 - 167." year="1947">Gibson-Hill, 1947</bibRefCitation>
), Sulawesi,
<collectingCountry id="FACB127F7B5ACE9A37206FF36B242F0D" name="Philippines">Philippines</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="62103D2F1265E22739B617C2319E5A46" author="Heaney, L. R. &amp; D. S. Balete &amp; M. L. Dolar &amp; A. C. Alcala &amp; A. T. L. Dans &amp; P. C. Gonzales &amp; N. R. Ingle &amp; M. V. Lepiten &amp; W. L. R. Oliver &amp; P. S. Ong &amp; E. A. Rickart &amp; B. R. Tabaranza, Jr. &amp; R. C. B. Utzurrum" refId="ref144586" refString="Heaney, L. R., D. S. Balete, M. L. Dolar, A. C. Alcala, A. T. L. Dans, P. C. Gonzales, N. R. Ingle, M. V. Lepiten, W. L. R. Oliver, P. S. Ong, E. A. Rickart, B. R. Tabaranza, Jr., and R. C. B. Utzurrum. 1998. A synopsis of the mammalian fauna of the Philippine Islands. Fieldiana: Zoology, n. s., 88: 1 - 61." year="1998">Heaney et al., 1998</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="A4038F6CEB169939101F6E269B2D3ACD" name="Indonesia">Moluccas</collectingCountry>
(Flannery, 1995
<emphasis id="2AEDB6145AE2E6DCA53C888A33CA5BA3" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">b</emphasis>
), and
<collectingRegion id="63AFF97F32E2166B59830F9A1EF5882E" country="Indonesia" name="Nusa Tenggara Timur">Nusa Tenggara</collectingRegion>
(Lesser Sunda Isls); New
<collectingCountry id="E75C0C7D5A99E5C7ECAB28E43A843EA1" name="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea</collectingCountry>
Region (
<bibRefCitation id="26E644740FED1082FD8472E1EA76AD04" author="Taylor, J. M. &amp; J. H. Calaby &amp; H. M. Van Deusen" refId="ref348303" refString="Taylor, J. M., J. H. Calaby, and H. M. Van Deusen. 1982. A revision of the genus Rattus (Rodentia, Muridae) in the New Guinean region. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 173: 177 - 336." year="1982">Taylor et al., 1982</bibRefCitation>
; Flannery, 1995
<emphasis id="A64F47396E4CC1D065FA1296F7C736D6" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">a</emphasis>
), SW Pacific Isls (Flannery, 1995
<emphasis id="D99CD42174C0A2301DF90B81A920616A" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">b</emphasis>
) Adele and Murray Isls off the coast of NW and NE
<collectingCountry id="A90BDFCC163CF017AC7E0E7D89818AFD" name="Australia">Australia</collectingCountry>
(not recorded from mainland;
<bibRefCitation id="711F044974A41B771AD3ACEDB9D71F6E" author="Mahoney, J. A. &amp; B. J. Richardson" refId="ref222168" refString="Mahoney, J. A., and B. J. Richardson. 1988. Muridae. Pp. 154 - 192, in Zoological catalogue of Australia. Mammalia (J. L. Bannister, et. al.). Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 5: 1 - 274." year="1988">Mahoney and Richardson, 1988</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="6853152663263CE15D49440D6DE2D233" author="Taylor, J. M. &amp; B. E. Horner" refId="ref348251" refString="Taylor, J. M., and B. E. Horner. 1973. Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 98. Systematics of native Australian Rattus (Rodentia, Muridae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 150: 1 - 130." year="1973">Taylor and Horner, 1973</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="6C139B58D729F6F312D17ABFE8492411" author="Watts, C. H. S." refId="ref384130" refString="Watts, C. H. S. 1995 h. Pacific rat, Rattus exulans. P. 650, in Mammals of Australia (R. Strahan, ed.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., 756 pp." year="1995">
Watts, 1995
<emphasis id="710440F38BD9248674EBD152AA821C88" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">h</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="5E6ADC2D41890563BA6570597AC5D9B5" author="Watts, C. H. S. &amp; H. J. Aslin" refId="ref384328" refString="Watts, C. H. S., and H. J. Aslin. 1981. The rodents of Australia. Angus and Robertson, Sydney, 321 pp." year="1981">Watts and Aslin, 1981</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="D4DD2956BC5043B24F40285543CC20C9" name="Micronesia">Micronesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="4BA85372DB7BCE09FBC819758FDE9BE6" name="New Zealand">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="52E0B880D62A0C38D17804F896E6E084" author="Atkinson, I. A. E. &amp; H. Moller" refId="ref14970" refString="Atkinson, I. A. E., and H. Moller. 1990. Kiore, Polynesian rat. Pp. 175 - 192, in The handbook of New Zealand mammals (C. M. King, ed.). Oxford University Press, Auckland, 600 pp." year="1990">Atkinson and Moller, 1990</bibRefCitation>
), Polynesia (including Caroline Isls;
<bibRefCitation id="F7370C8FBE451F1DD84F5D654C003CF8" author="Buden, D. W." refId="ref45621" refString="Buden, D. W. 1996 a. Reptiles, birds, and mammals of Ant Atoll, Eastern Caroline Islands. Micronesica, 29 (1): 21 - 36." year="1996">
Buden, 1996
<bibRefCitation id="A385483E5411E18E822C22B6E4346E58" author="Mazurok, N. A. &amp; N. V. Rubtsova &amp; A. A. Isaenko &amp; T. B. Nesterova &amp; S. M. Zakian" refId="ref232492" refString="Mazurok, N. A., N. V. Rubtsova, A. A. Isaenko, T. B. Nesterova, and S. M. Zakian. 1996 b. Comparative analysis of chromosomes in Microtus transcaspicus and Microtus subarvalis (Arvicolidae, Rodentia): High-resolution G-banding and localization of NORs. Hereditas, 124: 243 - 250." year="1996">
<emphasis id="840292CFDC6B6271A709A6D34AC112DA" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">a</emphasis>
, 1996
<emphasis id="BD86607C5756075056061F13A374735E" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">b</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
), Hawaiian Isls (
<bibRefCitation id="5F750E3B86E20D4A2A0E88BC4FDC32EB" author="Tomich, P. Q." refId="ref357747" refString="Tomich, P. Q. 1986. Mammals in Hawai'i: A synopsis and notational bibliography. Second ed. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Special Publications, 76: 1 - 375." year="1986">Tomich, 1986</bibRefCitation>
), and Easter Isl. Not documented from Andaman or Nicobar Isls (
<bibRefCitation id="52C34BA68921A1C71159BD7EF4DB2110" author="Chaturvedi, Y." refId="ref58577" refString="Chaturvedi, Y. 1980. Mammals of the Andamans and Nicobars: Their zoogeography and faunal affinity. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 77: 127 - 139." year="1980">Chaturvedi, 1980</bibRefCitation>
; Musser’s research), despite assertion of
<bibRefCitation id="07450526F3C2DCA3A1C7A356E58DFAB8" author="Wodzicki, K. &amp; R. H. Taylor" refId="ref392491" refString="Wodzicki, K., and R. H. Taylor. 1984. Distribution and status of the Polynesian rat Rattus exulans. Acta Zoologica Fennica, 172: 99 - 101." year="1984">Wodzicki and Taylor (1984)</bibRefCitation>
, who otherwise adequately summarized general distribution; details recorded by
<bibRefCitation id="9B13099D9D126048E85F9E73795FFA31" author="Musser, G. G. &amp; C. Newcomb" refId="ref252768" refString="Musser, G. G., and C. Newcomb. 1983. Malaysian murids and the giant rat of Sumatra. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 174: 327 - 598." year="1983">Musser and Newcomb (1983)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="81A5D5D97B0B9B45C354CDCABF55985B" author="Corbet, G. B. &amp; J. E. Hill" refId="ref67955" refString="Corbet, G. B., and J. E. Hill. 1992. Mammals of the Indomalayan region. A systematic review. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 488 pp." year="1992">Corbet and Hill (1992)</bibRefCitation>
. Range also based upon our study of specimens in several museums (also see
<bibRefCitation id="BAE637FC0B859810C9103EC748F17598" author="Matisoo-Smith, E. &amp; R. M. Roberts &amp; G. J. Irwin &amp; J. S. Allen &amp; D. Penny &amp; D. M. Lambert" refId="ref230277" refString="Matisoo-Smith, E., R. M. Roberts, G. J. Irwin, J. S. Allen, D. Penny, and D. M. Lambert. 1998. Patterns of prehistoric human mobility in Polynesia indicated by mtDNA from the Pacific rat. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 95: 15145 - 15150." year="1998">Matisoo-Smith et al., 1998</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D30B34223DD56596CCF2B4561178458D" pageNumber="1469" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="31B46CAAEFB0B48BBD4619C6C5DAA053" pageNumber="1469">
<emphasis id="D8BF98B9A3F71B764F81B6657BEF7E57" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1469">Conservation:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="AB8954513041D2417C24CE693A5B00B0">IUCN</collectionCode>
– Lower Risk (lc).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="30DED86AE316145B7E0F3F0A779DE373" pageNumber="1469" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="50488E3DD381FDDB156B94818D14E886" pageNumber="1469">
<emphasis id="83948ACEAC3A68E060AAE20419740BDE" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1469">Discussion:</emphasis>
<paragraph id="23B5EA56EAEDCC1C7DE877A38231D5F1" pageNumber="1469">
<taxonomicName id="5EBF8D20DBCD26438DEAAFE913AAFE82" authorityName="Peale" authorityYear="1848" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exulans">
<emphasis id="B9A40E123D74CC879244036907257B27" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">Rattus exulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group. Inadvertent or intentional human introduction or possibly natural rafting is responsible for most of the Pacific insular occurrences (
<bibRefCitation id="77B2AC74E6EBDA2AC2D58A3A5A4F2010" author="Langdon, R." refId="ref203546" refString="Langdon, R. 1995. Some iconoclastic thoughts about those Polynesian rat bones at Anakena. Rapa Nui Journal, 9 (3): 77 - 80." year="1995">Langdon, 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FB2201B5545BD2E6B1A3D05CA26D6B34" author="Matisoo-Smith, E. &amp; J. H. Robins" refId="ref230233" refString="Matisoo-Smith, E., and J. H. Robins. 2004. Origins and dispersals of Pacific peoples: Evidence from mtDNA phylogenies of the Pacific rat. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101: 9167 - 9172." year="2004">Matisoo-Smith and Robins, 2004</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="28A98B26F045C53FB85438E93CDFED86" author="Matisoo-Smith, E. &amp; R. M. Roberts &amp; G. J. Irwin &amp; J. S. Allen &amp; D. Penny &amp; D. M. Lambert" refId="ref230277" refString="Matisoo-Smith, E., R. M. Roberts, G. J. Irwin, J. S. Allen, D. Penny, and D. M. Lambert. 1998. Patterns of prehistoric human mobility in Polynesia indicated by mtDNA from the Pacific rat. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 95: 15145 - 15150." year="1998">Matisoo-Smith et al., 1998</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="96E90EDDB8FCA58FF233F39BE47E030A" author="Roberts, M." refId="ref306687" refString="Roberts, M. 1991. Origin, dispersal routes, and geographic distribution of Rattus exulans, with special reference to New Zealand. Pacific Science, 45: 123 - 130." year="1991">Roberts, 1991</bibRefCitation>
), and for distributions on islands and archipelagos outside of mainland SE Asia, the region where the species may have originated (
<bibRefCitation id="2FAFA51A1EC79F02315E3495ECC263FA" author="Musser, G. G. &amp; C. Newcomb" refId="ref252768" refString="Musser, G. G., and C. Newcomb. 1983. Malaysian murids and the giant rat of Sumatra. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 174: 327 - 598." year="1983">Musser and Newcomb, 1983</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="5D9EF3B507726E1CDCC5CF7FCDDEF891" author="Matisoo-Smith, E. &amp; R. M. Roberts &amp; G. J. Irwin &amp; J. S. Allen &amp; D. Penny &amp; D. M. Lambert" refId="ref230277" refString="Matisoo-Smith, E., R. M. Roberts, G. J. Irwin, J. S. Allen, D. Penny, and D. M. Lambert. 1998. Patterns of prehistoric human mobility in Polynesia indicated by mtDNA from the Pacific rat. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 95: 15145 - 15150." year="1998">Matisoo-Smith et al. (1998)</bibRefCitation>
claimed that
<taxonomicName id="98F76B062A97A3FF8AB5A16D1A21F946" authorityName="Peale" authorityYear="1848" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exulans">
<emphasis id="3088770268EE3761995B9B3A719FA4DE" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">R. exulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was among the plant and animal species carried by ancestral Polynesians in their colonizing canoes. They analyzed mtDNA sequences in an array of Polynesian samples, concluding that the sequences &quot;prove to be valuable genetic markers for tracing the migration routes and movement of the first humans entering the remote Pacific&quot; (p. 15149). A subsequent study by
<bibRefCitation id="88588AD40F5AACBBA9A7E370CDC51414" author="Matisoo-Smith, E. &amp; J. H. Robins" refId="ref230233" refString="Matisoo-Smith, E., and J. H. Robins. 2004. Origins and dispersals of Pacific peoples: Evidence from mtDNA phylogenies of the Pacific rat. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101: 9167 - 9172." year="2004">Matisoo-Smith and Robins (2004)</bibRefCitation>
documents evidence for origins and dispersals of Polynesians derived from mtDNA phylogenies of
<taxonomicName id="DAE47A949DE897D60AD7DC3CE63D3AEA" authorityName="Peale" authorityYear="1848" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exulans">
<emphasis id="5F72CA9BDAC81F6E587A80BF70EDF4FF" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">R. exulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Standard karyotype (2n = 42, FN = 60) for
<collectingCountry id="9569F39CD5130C7193795561106F0BB3" name="Philippines">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, Indomalayan region, Oceania, and
<collectingCountry id="3E1B2D4B14D7C8A7C708E1869D3D5DE8" name="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
summarized by
<bibRefCitation id="2839ABA6B478814FB8C680D096BEAA5F" author="Rickart, E. A. &amp; G. G. Musser" refId="ref304060" refString="Rickart, E. A., and G. G. Musser. 1993. Philippine rodents: Chromosomal characteristics and their significance for phylogenetic inference among 13 species (Rodentia: Muridae: Murinae). American Museum Novitates, 3064: 1 - 34." year="1993">Rickart and Musser (1993)</bibRefCitation>
, and for
<collectingCountry id="B39D83B0B99BB3CA560B32B996F87162" name="Taiwan">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
sample by
<bibRefCitation id="7ACF0526C55DB40BE31B15997456B32D" author="Motokawa, M. &amp; K. - H. Lu &amp; M. Harada &amp; L. - K. Lin" refId="ref248881" refString="Motokawa, M., K. - H. Lu, M. Harada, and L. - K. Lin. 2001 a. New records of the Polynesian rat Rattus exulans (Mammalia: Rodentia) from Taiwan and the Ryukyus. Zoological Studies, 40 (4): 299 - 304." year="2001">
Motokawa et al. (2001
<emphasis id="8403F56FFA514C6511F5A7E8431F28B8" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">a</emphasis>
)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5F8032DDC3D350D3F15ACFCC9F0EF83C" pageNumber="1469">
In a significant report on variation in skull size among
<taxonomicName id="ADA9076E9531A98CF01051F0460D6BDA" authorityName="Peale" authorityYear="1848" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exulans">
<emphasis id="8839BC3EB03427DCCD656CF0B2DDF29F" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">R. exulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="85E079DF5F2C1BA7EC2AD05FB29EC577" baseAuthorityName="Hinton" baseAuthorityYear="1919" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus">
<emphasis id="2945053F6E9931A6C8FABB4070819E2C" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">R. rattus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="78C0A55F2154BEEA34CA9F43DA63FF2F" baseAuthorityName="Berkenhout" baseAuthorityYear="1769" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norvegicus">
<emphasis id="DAE9B6407FA7C26190850D4F500D16C8" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">R. norvegicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="3337FA98DCD7750D1F029FAFC05D3FB9" name="New Zealand">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
and other Pacific islands,
<bibRefCitation id="D9C0FACFCFFFCC8CDA902BEE656D1B30" author="Yoram, Y. - T. &amp; S. Yom-Tov &amp; H. Moller" refId="ref400738" refString="Yoram, Y. - T., S. Yom-Tov, and H. Moller. 1999. Competition, coexistence, and adaptation amongst rodent invaders to Pacific and New Zealand islands. Journal of Biogeography, 26: 947 - 958." year="1999">Yoram et al. (1999)</bibRefCitation>
documented increase in skull size with latitude for
<taxonomicName id="F0A2C963F70641A00F6D62F58AA57C01" authorityName="Peale" authorityYear="1848" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exulans">
<emphasis id="764608F354383D216D81D58C25C43D43" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">R. exulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but not for the other two. Other relationships between skull size and island area as well as species sympatry are also presented; all aspects bear on understanding insular morphological variation in these species, especially
<taxonomicName id="F13CC810D61CBDED9EF117DC1DABBF19" authorityName="Peale" authorityYear="1848" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exulans">
<emphasis id="C713C6A32BB7E1072E0CF598A8324BB0" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">R. exulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and their taxonomy. Reliability of radiocarbon dating skeletal remains of
<collectingCountry id="D59181CAC1336E9DE9DD705304ADCDC1" name="New Zealand">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
<taxonomicName id="EC5B984BC310E3A1EEA5D8A237D391A3" authorityName="Peale" authorityYear="1848" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exulans">
<emphasis id="C675EABD907E047BEAC196F0C8D64C17" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">R. exulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
discussed by
<bibRefCitation id="EB6D23A34AD96DE343AC89CD5790092D" author="Hedges, R. E. M." refId="ref144810" refString="Hedges, R. E. M. 2000. Appraisal of radiocarbon dating of kiore bones (Pacific rat Rattus exulans) in New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 30 (4): 385 - 398." year="2000">Hedges (2000)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="7777A08BABABB13B855F2A595B58614D" author="Higham, T. F. G. &amp; F. J. Petchey" refId="ref151188" refString="Higham, T. F. G., and F. J. Petchey. 2000. On the reliability of archaeological rat bone for radiocarbon dating in New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 30 (4): 399 - 409." year="2000">Higham and Petchey (2000)</bibRefCitation>
, a test between radiocarbon dates and those obtained by Carbon 14 accelerator mass spectrometry using
<taxonomicName id="B0327BC041166F420307986BE431AD33" authorityName="Peale" authorityYear="1848" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exulans">
<emphasis id="9A5AD79BFAD0776909492F79100C8026" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">R. exulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reported by
<bibRefCitation id="272A7C526DBEB1B481767A21F7DFE0B7" author="Holdaway, R. N. &amp; N. R. Beavan" refId="ref156360" refString="Holdaway, R. N., and N. R. Beavan. 1999. Reliable 14 C AMS dates on bird and Pacific rat Rattus exulans bone gelatin, from a CaCO 3 - rich deposit. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 29 (3): 185 - 211." year="1999">Holdaway and Beavan (1999)</bibRefCitation>
, and possible role of burial contamination or diet in radiocarbon anomalies documented by
<bibRefCitation id="81362BEA4A3DAB8D66304879AAD823DF" author="Beavan-Athfield, N. &amp; R. J. Sparks" refId="ref25527" refString="Beavan-Athfield, N., and R. J. Sparks. 2001 a. Dating of Rattus exulans bone from Pleasant River (Otago, New Zealand): Testing the effect of burial contamination. Journal of The Royal Society of New Zealand, 31 (4): 795 - 800." year="2001">
Beavan-Athfield and Sparks (2001
<bibRefCitation id="AE8DF2F94E8EC95B9E1D821B7B37CF44" author="Bannikova, A. A. &amp; L. A. Lavrenchenko &amp; A. A. Lomov &amp; B. M. Mednikov" refId="ref19955" refString="Bannikova, A. A., L. A. Lavrenchenko, A. A. Lomov, and B. M. Mednikov. 2001 b. Molecular diversity of some Crocidura species (Insectivora, Soricidae) from Ethiopia. Pp. 55 - 64, in African small mammals- - Petits mammiferes africains (C. Denys, L. Granjon, and A. Poulet, eds.). Collection Colloques et Seminaires, IRD Editions, Paris, 570 pp." year="2001">
<emphasis id="ECCB1EAED5652AB176525BC2C35441B4" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">a</emphasis>
, 2001
<emphasis id="4F261872D8900863F5DFE7F7BB20452B" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">b</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
; also see references cited there). Reliability of dating techniques bears significantly on first colonization dates of
<taxonomicName id="48872CD654C35D4BCCAF19A7EF5C0F48" authorityName="Peale" authorityYear="1848" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exulans">
<emphasis id="4535EBDA73761D5B952AB7DF73B77043" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">R. exulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<collectingCountry id="1028E9985277906B6321C9639A1BBC40" name="New Zealand">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
. Data presented by
<bibRefCitation id="A223FBAF38F98178E20E7A524C28EBC6" author="Holdaway, R. N." refId="ref156337" refString="Holdaway, R. N. 1996. Arrival of rats in New Zealand. Nature, 384: 225 - 226." year="1996">Holdaway (1996:226)</bibRefCitation>
indicates the Pacific rat was established on both main islands nearly 2000 years ago, much earlier than the time established for human settlement (about 850 years ago) based on unequivocal evidence. Holdaway reasoned that
<taxonomicName id="C4620BACE2316DDF360B3145B58A53E4" authorityName="Peale" authorityYear="1848" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exulans">
<emphasis id="448C3019C4F2D253BD7F3D5E12EFA89B" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">R. exulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was introduced by &quot;transient human visitors, who either left immediately or quickly died out,&quot; and noted that for &quot;more than 1,000 years after its arrival, the Pacific rat was the sole exotic predator in
<collectingCountry id="139D0A818B7C0DE0921E92D17CDD638C" name="New Zealand">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
.&quot; Whether
<taxonomicName id="B1FB4C9FA9B41A5C28ECD54877219633" authorityName="Peale" authorityYear="1848" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exulans">
<emphasis id="6CB406FA7803F79C23C5D458D2B91707" italics="true" pageNumber="1469">R. exulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was spread by human transport or natural rafting throughout the Pacific is a controversial topic, and Langdon’s (1995) discussion of rodent colonization of Easter Isl is relevant in this context (see also
<bibRefCitation id="A56E188460C87460F5B8C5F4A7297A5D" author="Matisoo-Smith, E. &amp; J. H. Robins" refId="ref230233" refString="Matisoo-Smith, E., and J. H. Robins. 2004. Origins and dispersals of Pacific peoples: Evidence from mtDNA phylogenies of the Pacific rat. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101: 9167 - 9172." year="2004">Matisoo-Smith and Robins, 2004</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="386CE68CEC39224742130BEAEF20E94A" author="Matisoo-Smith, E. &amp; R. M. Roberts &amp; G. J. Irwin &amp; J. S. Allen &amp; D. Penny &amp; D. M. Lambert" refId="ref230277" refString="Matisoo-Smith, E., R. M. Roberts, G. J. Irwin, J. S. Allen, D. Penny, and D. M. Lambert. 1998. Patterns of prehistoric human mobility in Polynesia indicated by mtDNA from the Pacific rat. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 95: 15145 - 15150." year="1998">Matisoo-Smith et al., 1998</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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