546 lines
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546 lines
53 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1138.95968" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1138-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="BFD4A22FBD59587DA8A0A7000B7A16CE" ID-ZooBank="94AF8515FC534C7EB08A646F2D64355F" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1138-1" checkinTime="1673085743325" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lumen, Ryan & Kaminski, Marcin Jan" docDate="2023" docId="1A2EA9FDBFF25B4A98F45EE28CF2A740" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1138: 1-27" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1138" docPubDate="2023-01-05" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1138.95968" docTitle="Phylacastus Fairmaire 1897" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="BFD4A22FBD59587DA8A0A7000B7A16CE" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="BFD4A22FBD59587DA8A0A7000B7A16CE" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the genus Phylacastus Fairmaire (Tenebrionidae, Eurynotina): shortfalls of anatomical nomenclature with notes on aedeagal homology" masterLastPageNumber="27" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1673085743325" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomic revision of the genus Phylacastus Fairmaire (Tenebrionidae, Eurynotina): shortfalls of anatomical nomenclature with notes on aedeagal homology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Lumen, Ryan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3958-7596</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Zoological Museum, Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">rplumen@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kaminski, Marcin Jan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-0614</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Zoological Museum, Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland & Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-01-05</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1138</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>27</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1138.95968</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1138.95968</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1138-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">94AF8515FC534C7EB08A646F2D64355F</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">BFD4A22FBD59587DA8A0A7000B7A16CE</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1A2EA9FDBFF25B4A98F45EE28CF2A740" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1A2EA9FDBFF25B4A98F45EE28CF2A740" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName LSID="1A2EA9FD-BFF2-5B4A-98F4-5EE28CF2A740" authority="Fairmaire" authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phylacastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylacastus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phylacastus Fairmaire</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phylacastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylacastus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phylacastus</taxonomicName>
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Fairmaire, 1897: 116.
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<bibRefCitation author="Koch, C" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B35" refString="Koch, C, 1954a. The Tenebrionidae of Southern Africa. XXIV. New Portuguese East African Species collected by Dr. A. J. Barbosa. Revista da Faculdade de Ciencias, C-Ciencias Naturais, Vol. III - Fasc. 2. Biblioteca da Faculdade de Ciencias, Rua da Escola Politecnica, Lisboa, 239-310." title="The Tenebrionidae of Southern Africa. XXIV. New Portuguese East African Species collected by Dr. A. J. Barbosa. Revista da Faculdade de Ciencias, C-Ciencias Naturais, Vol. III - Fasc. 2. Biblioteca da Faculdade de Ciencias, Rua da Escola Politecnica, Lisboa, 239 - 310." year="1954 a">Koch 1954a</bibRefCitation>
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: 275;
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<bibRefCitation author="Koch, C" journalOrPublisher="Arkiv Zoologi (Stockholm)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 96" refId="B36" refString="Koch, C, 1954b. Die Tenebrioniden des suedlichen Afrikas XV. Revisioin der Oncotini nov. trib. Opatrinae (Psectropini Kaszab p.p.). Arkiv Zoologi (Stockholm) 7: 1 - 96" title="Die Tenebrioniden des suedlichen Afrikas XV. Revisioin der Oncotini nov. trib. Opatrinae (Psectropini Kaszab p. p.)." volume="7" year="1954 b">1954b</bibRefCitation>
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: 2; 1956: 27;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2016.66.2.006" author="Kaminski, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="227 - 266" refId="B26" refString="Kaminski, MJ, 2016. Catalogue and distribution of the subtribe Eurynotina (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Pedinini). Annales Zoologici 66 (2): 227 - 266, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2016.66.2.006" title="Catalogue and distribution of the subtribe Eurynotina (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Pedinini)." url="https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2016.66.2.006" volume="66" year="2016">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kamiński">Kaminski</normalizedToken>
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2016
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 245.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phylacastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylacastus striolatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striolatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phylacastus striolatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Fairmaire; by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Within
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1897" family="Tenebrionidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Eurynotina">Eurynotina</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phylacastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylacastus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phylacastus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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largely resembles
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Eurynotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurynotus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Eurynotus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1954" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Capidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Capidium" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capidium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Koch. All three have relatively sharp basal pronotal angles, rather than broadly rounded as is the case in the rest of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1954" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Eurynotina">Eurynotina</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2016.66.2.006" author="Kaminski, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="227 - 266" refId="B26" refString="Kaminski, MJ, 2016. Catalogue and distribution of the subtribe Eurynotina (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Pedinini). Annales Zoologici 66 (2): 227 - 266, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2016.66.2.006" title="Catalogue and distribution of the subtribe Eurynotina (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Pedinini)." url="https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2016.66.2.006" volume="66" year="2016">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kamiński">Kaminski</normalizedToken>
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2016
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</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 2). The only other exception is
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Oncotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oncotus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Oncotus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Solier which, while some representatives have basal angles of the pronotum similarly shaped, is separable by prosternal process shape (rounded rather than angular in lateral view (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2016.66.2.006" author="Kaminski, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="227 - 266" refId="B26" refString="Kaminski, MJ, 2016. Catalogue and distribution of the subtribe Eurynotina (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Pedinini). Annales Zoologici 66 (2): 227 - 266, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2016.66.2.006" title="Catalogue and distribution of the subtribe Eurynotina (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Pedinini)." url="https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2016.66.2.006" volume="66" year="2016">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kamiński">Kaminski</normalizedToken>
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2016
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</bibRefCitation>
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), body shape (much rounder/transverse than
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phylacastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylacastus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phylacastus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), tibial morphology (foretibia greatly expanded apically and with a sharp lateral projection;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2016.66.2.006" author="Kaminski, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="227 - 266" refId="B26" refString="Kaminski, MJ, 2016. Catalogue and distribution of the subtribe Eurynotina (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Pedinini). Annales Zoologici 66 (2): 227 - 266, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2016.66.2.006" title="Catalogue and distribution of the subtribe Eurynotina (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Pedinini)." url="https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2016.66.2.006" volume="66" year="2016">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kamiński">Kaminski</normalizedToken>
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2016
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</bibRefCitation>
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), and coloration (species may be bicolored and/or very pale or testaceous in color).
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phylacastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylacastus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phylacastus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be easily separated from all other subtribal representatives by the presence of (at most) weak tubercles on the apical declivity of the elytra (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Dorsal habitus of Phylacastus species A Phylacastus ancoralium sp. nov. holotype B Phylacastus makskacymirowi sp. nov. C Phylacastus crypticoides D Phylacastus rhodesianus E Phylacastus striolatus lectotype. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1138.95968.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/791036" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Phylacastus lateral aspect photographs and close-up of apical elytral tubercles and striae A Phylacastus ancoralium lateral angle B P. ancoralium close-up of elytra apical declivity C P. rhodesianus lateral angle D P. rhodesianus close-up of elytra apical declivity E P. striolatus lateral angle F P. striolatus close-up of elytra apical declivity." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1138.95968.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/791037" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
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), the form of the prosternal process which is angular rather than rounded in lateral view (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2016.66.2.006" author="Kaminski, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="227 - 266" refId="B26" refString="Kaminski, MJ, 2016. Catalogue and distribution of the subtribe Eurynotina (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Pedinini). Annales Zoologici 66 (2): 227 - 266, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2016.66.2.006" title="Catalogue and distribution of the subtribe Eurynotina (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Pedinini)." url="https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2016.66.2.006" volume="66" year="2016">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kamiński">Kaminski</normalizedToken>
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2016
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</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 2D), and the pronotum with basal angles present rather than absent/rounded) (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2016.66.2.006" author="Kaminski, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="227 - 266" refId="B26" refString="Kaminski, MJ, 2016. Catalogue and distribution of the subtribe Eurynotina (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Pedinini). Annales Zoologici 66 (2): 227 - 266, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2016.66.2.006" title="Catalogue and distribution of the subtribe Eurynotina (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Pedinini)." url="https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2016.66.2.006" volume="66" year="2016">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kamiński">Kaminski</normalizedToken>
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2016
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</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 2J).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1138.95968.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/791036" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 1.</emphasis>
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Dorsal habitus of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phylacastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylacastus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phylacastus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lumen & Kamiński" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phylacastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylacastus ancoralium" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ancoralium">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phylacastus ancoralium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. holotype
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lumen & Kamiński" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phylacastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylacastus makskacymirowi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="makskacymirowi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phylacastus makskacymirowi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phylacastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylacastus crypticoides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crypticoides">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phylacastus crypticoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phylacastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylacastus rhodesianus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhodesianus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phylacastus rhodesianus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phylacastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylacastus striolatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striolatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phylacastus striolatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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lectotype. Scale bars: 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1138.95968.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/791037" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phylacastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylacastus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phylacastus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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lateral aspect photographs and close-up of apical elytral tubercles and striae
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lumen & Kamiński" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phylacastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylacastus ancoralium" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ancoralium">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phylacastus ancoralium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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lateral angle
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. ancoralium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ancoralium">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. ancoralium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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close-up of elytra apical declivity
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. rhodesianus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhodesianus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. rhodesianus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
lateral angle
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. rhodesianus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhodesianus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. rhodesianus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
close-up of elytra apical declivity
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. striolatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striolatus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. striolatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
lateral angle
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. striolatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striolatus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. striolatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
close-up of elytra apical declivity.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Eurynotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurynotus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Eurynotus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, the most closely affiliated genus according to
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Koch, C" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B35" refString="Koch, C, 1954a. The Tenebrionidae of Southern Africa. XXIV. New Portuguese East African Species collected by Dr. A. J. Barbosa. Revista da Faculdade de Ciencias, C-Ciencias Naturais, Vol. III - Fasc. 2. Biblioteca da Faculdade de Ciencias, Rua da Escola Politecnica, Lisboa, 239-310." title="The Tenebrionidae of Southern Africa. XXIV. New Portuguese East African Species collected by Dr. A. J. Barbosa. Revista da Faculdade de Ciencias, C-Ciencias Naturais, Vol. III - Fasc. 2. Biblioteca da Faculdade de Ciencias, Rua da Escola Politecnica, Lisboa, 239 - 310." year="1954 a">Koch (1954a)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, can be separated from
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phylacastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylacastus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phylacastus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by body size (
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Eurynotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurynotus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Eurynotus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
~9-20 mm long and ~5-12 mm wide, versus
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phylacastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylacastus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phylacastus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
4-8 mm long and ~2.75-4 mm wide (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Koch, C" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B35" refString="Koch, C, 1954a. The Tenebrionidae of Southern Africa. XXIV. New Portuguese East African Species collected by Dr. A. J. Barbosa. Revista da Faculdade de Ciencias, C-Ciencias Naturais, Vol. III - Fasc. 2. Biblioteca da Faculdade de Ciencias, Rua da Escola Politecnica, Lisboa, 239-310." title="The Tenebrionidae of Southern Africa. XXIV. New Portuguese East African Species collected by Dr. A. J. Barbosa. Revista da Faculdade de Ciencias, C-Ciencias Naturais, Vol. III - Fasc. 2. Biblioteca da Faculdade de Ciencias, Rua da Escola Politecnica, Lisboa, 239 - 310." year="1954 a">Koch 1954a</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2016.66.2.006" author="Kaminski, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="227 - 266" refId="B26" refString="Kaminski, MJ, 2016. Catalogue and distribution of the subtribe Eurynotina (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Pedinini). Annales Zoologici 66 (2): 227 - 266, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2016.66.2.006" title="Catalogue and distribution of the subtribe Eurynotina (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Pedinini)." url="https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2016.66.2.006" volume="66" year="2016">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kamiński">Kaminski</normalizedToken>
|
|
2016
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
); pronotal hind angles (
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Eurynotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurynotus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Eurynotus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
prominently produced often rearward projecting; less prominent and not rearwardly projected in
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phylacastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylacastus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phylacastus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2016.66.2.006" author="Kaminski, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="227 - 266" refId="B26" refString="Kaminski, MJ, 2016. Catalogue and distribution of the subtribe Eurynotina (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Pedinini). Annales Zoologici 66 (2): 227 - 266, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2016.66.2.006" title="Catalogue and distribution of the subtribe Eurynotina (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Pedinini)." url="https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2016.66.2.006" volume="66" year="2016">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kamiński">Kaminski</normalizedToken>
|
|
2016
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), tibial morphology (
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Eurynotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurynotus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Eurynotus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
with slender/narrow tibiae lacking coarse spines on ventral surface of foretibia; dorsoventrally flattened and apically expanded tibiae with coarse spines on the underside of the foretibia in
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phylacastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylacastus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phylacastus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2016.66.2.006" author="Kaminski, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="227 - 266" refId="B26" refString="Kaminski, MJ, 2016. Catalogue and distribution of the subtribe Eurynotina (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Pedinini). Annales Zoologici 66 (2): 227 - 266, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2016.66.2.006" title="Catalogue and distribution of the subtribe Eurynotina (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Pedinini)." url="https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2016.66.2.006" volume="66" year="2016">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kamiński">Kaminski</normalizedToken>
|
|
2016
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), elytral sculpturing (
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Eurynotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurynotus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Eurynotus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
with coarse or well-defined tubercles in most species; while most species of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phylacastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylacastus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phylacastus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
lack well-defined tubercles (
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2016.66.2.006" author="Kaminski, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="227 - 266" refId="B26" refString="Kaminski, MJ, 2016. Catalogue and distribution of the subtribe Eurynotina (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Pedinini). Annales Zoologici 66 (2): 227 - 266, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2016.66.2.006" title="Catalogue and distribution of the subtribe Eurynotina (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Pedinini)." url="https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2016.66.2.006" volume="66" year="2016">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kamiński">Kaminski</normalizedToken>
|
|
2016
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Finally,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Eurynotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurynotus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Eurynotus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
lacks a subapical sulcus on abdominal ventrite V, which is present in all
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phylacastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylacastus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phylacastus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Diagnostic features of Phylacastus species A-C mentum (Median keel red, middle portion and lateral wings blue and green respectively) D-E prosternal process F-G abdominal ventrite V A, D, F Phylacastus crypticoides B P. makskacymirowi C P. rhodesianus E P. ancoralium G P. striolatus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1138.95968.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/791038" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3F, G</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1138.95968.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/791038" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
|
Diagnostic features of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phylacastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylacastus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phylacastus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-C</emphasis>
|
|
mentum (Median keel red, middle portion and lateral wings blue and green respectively)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D-E</emphasis>
|
|
prosternal process
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F-G</emphasis>
|
|
abdominal ventrite V
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, D, F</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phylacastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylacastus crypticoides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crypticoides">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phylacastus crypticoides</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. makskacymirowi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="makskacymirowi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. makskacymirowi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. rhodesianus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhodesianus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. rhodesianus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. ancoralium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ancoralium">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. ancoralium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. striolatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striolatus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. striolatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Scale bars: 0.1 mm
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1954" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Capidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Capidium" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capidium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be separated from
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phylacastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylacastus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phylacastus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
most reliably via the structure of the prosternal process and abdominal ventrite V (prosternal process rounded and not produced in
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1954" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Capidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Capidium" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capidium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, angular and produced in
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phylacastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylacastus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phylacastus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2016.66.2.006" author="Kaminski, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="227 - 266" refId="B26" refString="Kaminski, MJ, 2016. Catalogue and distribution of the subtribe Eurynotina (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Pedinini). Annales Zoologici 66 (2): 227 - 266, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2016.66.2.006" title="Catalogue and distribution of the subtribe Eurynotina (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Pedinini)." url="https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2016.66.2.006" volume="66" year="2016">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kamiński">Kaminski</normalizedToken>
|
|
2016
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), and subapical sulcus absent in
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1954" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Capidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Capidium" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capidium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(present in
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phylacastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylacastus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phylacastus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
); additionally, although
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1954" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Capidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Capidium" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capidium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
also is defined by angular basal angles of the pronotum (
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2016.66.2.006" author="Kaminski, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="227 - 266" refId="B26" refString="Kaminski, MJ, 2016. Catalogue and distribution of the subtribe Eurynotina (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Pedinini). Annales Zoologici 66 (2): 227 - 266, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2016.66.2.006" title="Catalogue and distribution of the subtribe Eurynotina (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Pedinini)." url="https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2016.66.2.006" volume="66" year="2016">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kamiński">Kaminski</normalizedToken>
|
|
2016
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), the angles are usually more produced. Finally, the elytral sculpturing and tuberculation of representatives of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1954" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Capidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Capidium" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capidium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(when present) are stronger than in
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phylacastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylacastus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phylacastus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Genus redescription.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Length 4-8 mm. Shining to dull; colored tenebrous; reddish to dark brown/black.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head</emphasis>
|
|
: epistoma with well-defined median notch. Transition between clypeus and frons gradual and smooth along lateral edge, or with slight depression. Coarsely punctate, punctures large and closely spaced, separated by ≤ 1 feature diameter. Mentum with enlarged, ventrally projecting middle portion parallel-sided to slightly narrowing apically with reduced/slightly hidden lateral wings. Gula with stridulatory file. Eye constricted in middle and reniform, with strong to weakly impressed sulcus situated around posterior perimeter of dorsal lobe. Antennae with 11 antennomeres, terminal members forming weak club.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Prothorax</emphasis>
|
|
: pronotum base straight, with basal angles roundly produced. Without lateral depression or flattening along margins. Hypomeron at most only finely sculptured and finely punctured, dull to shining. Prosternal process angulate in lateral view, weakly produced or rounded at apex, with clear sulcus running perimeter, projecting at most only weakly toward midcoxae.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pterothorax</emphasis>
|
|
: scutellar shield small and transversely triangular. Elytra not costate, with or without shallow or weakly defined punctate striae. Intervals punctate, without microtubercles; weak to well-defined tubercles (when present) only on apical declivity. Interval X terminating before reaching elytra base. Epipleura without microtubercules, broad basally, narrowing apically. Apterous.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
|
: punctate. Ventrite V with sulcus running parallel to apical perimeter.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Legs</emphasis>
|
|
: femora slightly curved and expanded toward apex. Tibiae dorsoventrally compressed. Meso- and metatibia slightly curved. Foretibia dilated triangularly toward apex with coarse spines underneath.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Male terminalia</emphasis>
|
|
: tegmen bipartite with or without ancorae (small ancorae present in one species); basal portion membranous ventrally; dorsally with small, triangular membranous field at base of apical portion. Parameres fused dorsally at base, apical opening (in dorsal view) small or broad (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Phylacastus species spp. aedeagi A-D aedeagus dorsal view E, F aedeagus Ventral view A, H Phylacastus striolatus B, G P. ancoralium (ancorae highlighted blue) C P. rhodesianus E P. crypticoides D, F P. makskacymirowi (subapical sutures highlighted blue). Median lobes highlighted green. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1138.95968.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/791039" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4</figureCitation>
|
|
). In lateral view, parameres flattened toward apex, with or without slight curvature.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Female terminalia</emphasis>
|
|
: paraprocts nearly as long or slightly longer than coxites I-IV, coxite IV reflected dorsally with gonostyli present (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Phylacastus ovipositor (dorsal). Right Phylacastus ancoralium Left P. crypticoides. Abbreviations: C - Coxae (1 - 4); Prct - Paraprocts. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1138.95968.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/791040" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5</figureCitation>
|
|
); bursa copulatrix divided into two sections by median constriction (bilobate) or not (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Phylacastus internal female structures A Phylacastus striolatus B P. crypticoides C P. ancoralium. Abbreviations: Ag - Accessory gland, Ap - Accessory pouch, Bc - Bursa copulatrix, Ov - Oviduct, Sp - Spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1138.95968.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/791041" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6</figureCitation>
|
|
), with or without additional "accessory pouch" situated near to spermatheca and accessory glands.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1138.95968.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/791039" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phylacastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylacastus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phylacastus</taxonomicName>
|
|
species spp.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
aedeagi
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-D</emphasis>
|
|
aedeagus dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E, F</emphasis>
|
|
aedeagus Ventral view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, H</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phylacastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylacastus striolatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striolatus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phylacastus striolatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, G</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. ancoralium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ancoralium">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. ancoralium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(ancorae highlighted blue)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. rhodesianus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhodesianus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. rhodesianus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. crypticoides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crypticoides">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. crypticoides</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D, F</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. makskacymirowi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="makskacymirowi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. makskacymirowi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(subapical sutures highlighted blue). Median lobes highlighted green. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1138.95968.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/791040" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phylacastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylacastus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phylacastus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
ovipositor (dorsal).
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Right</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lumen & Kamiński" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phylacastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylacastus ancoralium" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ancoralium">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phylacastus ancoralium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Left</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. crypticoides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crypticoides">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. crypticoides</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Abbreviations: C - Coxae (1-4); Prct - Paraprocts. Scale bars: 1 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1138.95968.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/791041" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phylacastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylacastus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phylacastus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
internal female structures
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phylacastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylacastus striolatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striolatus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phylacastus striolatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. crypticoides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crypticoides">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. crypticoides</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. ancoralium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ancoralium">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. ancoralium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Abbreviations: Ag - Accessory gland, Ap - Accessory pouch, Bc - Bursa copulatrix, Ov - Oviduct,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sp</emphasis>
|
|
- Spermatheca.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="species included">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Species included</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">(5).</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lumen & Kamiński" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phylacastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylacastus ancoralium" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ancoralium">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phylacastus ancoralium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov.,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. crypticoides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crypticoides">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. crypticoides</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. makskacymirowi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="makskacymirowi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. makskacymirowi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov.,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. rhodesianus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhodesianus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. rhodesianus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. striolatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striolatus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. striolatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Southern Africa (Lesotho, South Africa, Zimbabwe) (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Phylacastus species distribution map. P. ancoralium (blue star), Phylacastus crypticoides (black circle), P. makskacymirowi (red diamond), P. rhodesianus (pink square), P. striolatus (yellow triangle)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1138.95968.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/791042" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1138.95968.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/791042" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phylacastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylacastus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phylacastus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species distribution map.
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. ancoralium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ancoralium">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. ancoralium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(blue star),
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phylacastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylacastus crypticoides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crypticoides">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phylacastus crypticoides</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(black circle),
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. makskacymirowi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="makskacymirowi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. makskacymirowi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(red diamond),
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. rhodesianus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhodesianus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. rhodesianus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(pink square),
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. striolatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striolatus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. striolatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(yellow triangle).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |