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<mods:title id="1497E7FA608D16A5B044B76B0067EDF2">Тaxonomic position of Orthochirus olivaceus (Karsch, 1881), the type species of the genus Orthochirus Karsch, 1892 (Scorpiones: Buthidae)</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="A382ED4C656CDD3DF68E274FFE0CFBF4" bold="true" box="[196,489,1078,1107]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Orthochirus olivaceus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="F5674CAF656CDD3DF7B3274EFD42FBF3" author="KARSCH" box="[505,679,1079,1108]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="89 - 91" refId="ref3752" refString="KARSCH, F. 1881. Uebersicht der europaischen Skorpione. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 25: 89 - 91." type="journal article" year="1881">Karsch, 1881</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="09CD2DDB656CDD3DF70F2722FE31FBD4" box="[325,468,1115,1139]" captionStart-0="Figures 1–2" captionStart-1="Figures 3–4" captionStart-10="Figure 41" captionStart-2="Figures 5–10" captionStart-3="Figures 11–12" captionStart-4="Figures 13–14" captionStart-5="Figures 15–16" captionStart-6="Figures 17–18" captionStart-7="Figures 19–24" captionStart-8="Figures 25–36" captionStart-9="Figures 37–40" captionStartId-0="3.[113,190,2007,2029]" captionStartId-1="5.[115,192,1559,1581]" captionStartId-10="14.[115,181,1158,1180]" captionStartId-2="6.[116,193,1992,2014]" captionStartId-3="7.[113,190,2005,2027]" captionStartId-4="8.[113,190,2014,2036]" captionStartId-5="9.[116,193,1789,1811]" captionStartId-6="10.[116,193,1738,1760]" captionStartId-7="11.[115,192,1984,2006]" captionStartId-8="12.[115,192,1585,1607]" captionStartId-9="13.[116,193,2011,2033]" captionTargetBox-0="[116,1474,374,1885]" captionTargetBox-1="[113,1474,234,1547]" captionTargetBox-10="[113,1474,238,1145]" captionTargetBox-2="[137,1466,236,1971]" captionTargetBox-3="[126,1460,357,1852]" captionTargetBox-4="[121,1466,358,1884]" captionTargetBox-5="[113,1445,239,1778]" captionTargetBox-6="[113,1474,234,1730]" captionTargetBox-7="[115,1476,223,1967]" captionTargetBox-8="[131,1449,246,1567]" captionTargetBox-9="[119,1455,259,1992]" captionTargetId-0="figure-27@3.[113,1474,329,1911]" captionTargetId-1="figure-243@5.[113,1474,234,1547]" captionTargetId-10="figure-387@14.[113,1474,238,1145]" captionTargetId-2="figure-53@6.[113,1474,230,1979]" captionTargetId-3="figure-32@7.[113,1474,322,1867]" captionTargetId-4="figure-33@8.[115,1476,320,1924]" captionTargetId-5="figure-112@9.[113,1474,234,1778]" captionTargetId-6="figure-163@10.[113,1474,234,1730]" captionTargetId-7="figure-42@11.[115,1476,220,1977]" captionTargetId-8="figure-248@12.[114,1475,234,1575]" captionTargetId-9="figure-25@13.[116,1477,231,1996]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-10="14" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="8" captionTargetPageId-5="9" captionTargetPageId-6="10" captionTargetPageId-7="11" captionTargetPageId-8="12" captionTargetPageId-9="13" captionText-0="Figures 1–2. Orthochirus olivaceus, holotype female, dorsal (1) and ventral (2) views. Scale bar: 10 mm." captionText-1="Figures 3–4. Orthochirus olivaceus, holotype female, carapace and tergites (3), and sternopectinal region and sternites (4)." captionText-10="Figure 41. Confirmed distribution of Orthochirus olivaceus." captionText-2="Figures 5–10: Orthochirus olivaceus, females, metasoma and telson, lateral (5, 8), dorsal (6, 9) and ventral (7, 10). Figures 5–7. O. olivaceus, holotype. Figures 8–10. O. aristidis, topotype." captionText-3="Figures 11–12. Orthochirus olivaceus, female topotype of O. aristidis, dorsal (11) and ventral (12) views. Scale bar: 10 mm." captionText-4="Figures 13–14. Orthochirus olivaceus, male from Sudan, dorsal (13) and ventral (14) views. Scale bar: 10 mm." captionText-5="Figures 15–16. Orthochirus olivaceus, male from Sudan, carapace and tergites (15), and sternopectinal region and sternites (16) under white light." captionText-6="Figures 17–18. Orthochirus olivaceus, male from Sudan, carapace and tergites (17), and sternopectinal region and sternites (18) under UV light." captionText-7="Figures 19–24. Orthochirus olivaceus, male from Sudan, metasoma and telson, lateral (19, 22), dorsal (20, 23) and ventral (21, 24), under UV white light (19–21) and white light (22–24)." captionText-8="Figures 25–36: Orthochirus olivaceus, male from Sudan. Figures 25–35. Segments of pedipalps. Pedipalp chela, dorsal (25, 35), external (26), and ventral (27) views. Pedipalp patella, dorsal (28), external (29), and ventral (30) views. Pedipalp femur and trochanter, internal (31), dorsal (32), and ventral (33) views. Pedipalp chela, fixed finger dentate margins (34). The trichobothrial pattern is indicated in Figures 25–29, 31–32 (white circles). Figure 36. Right chelicera dorsal aspect." captionText-9="Figures 37–40. Orthochirus olivaceus, male from Sudan, left legs I–IV, retrolateral aspect." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648743" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648745" figureDoi-10="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648764" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648747" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648750" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648752" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648754" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648756" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648758" figureDoi-8="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648760" figureDoi-9="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648762" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4648743/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4648745/files/figure.png" httpUri-10="https://zenodo.org/record/4648764/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4648747/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4648750/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/4648752/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/4648754/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/4648756/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/4648758/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/4648760/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/4648762/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Figures 1–41</figureCitation>
, 
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<paragraph id="9149315E656CDD3DF63B27A2FF08FB54" blockId="4.[113,771,1243,1394]" box="[113,237,1243,1267]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">SYNONYMS:</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="A382ED4C656CDD3DF63B2782FED8FAB4" box="[113,317,1275,1299]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Butheolus aristidis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F5674CAF656CDD3DF70D2782FDA1FAB4" author="SIMON" box="[327,580,1275,1299]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="207 - 260" refId="ref4266" refString="SIMON, E. 1882. Viaggio ad Assab nel Mar Rosso, dei signori G. Doria ed O. Beccari con il R. Avviso ' Esploratore' dal 16 Novembre 1879 al 26 Febbraio 1880. II. Etude sur les Arachnides de l'Yemen meridional. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 18: 207 - 260." type="journal article" year="1882">Simon, 1882: 258–259</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. VIII, fig. 23. 
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. 
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D6F3AE77- 
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<paragraph id="9149315E656CDD3DF63B26E2FF19FA14" blockId="4.[113,772,1435,1941]" box="[113,252,1435,1459]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">REFERENCES:</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitation id="1057174F656CDD3DF63B26C2FD67FA74" author="KARSCH" box="[113,642,1467,1491]" page="91" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="1881">
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD656CDD3DF63B26C2FD67FA74" authority="Karsch, 1881: 90 - 91" authorityName="Karsch" authorityPageNumber="90 - 91" authorityYear="1881" box="[113,642,1467,1491]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C656CDD3DF63B26C2FE9AFA74" box="[113,383,1467,1491]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Orthodactylus olivaceus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F5674CAF656CDD3DF7C426C2FD67FA74" author="KARSCH" box="[398,642,1467,1491]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="89 - 91" refId="ref3752" refString="KARSCH, F. 1881. Uebersicht der europaischen Skorpione. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 25: 89 - 91." type="journal article" year="1881">Karsch, 1881: 90–91</bibRefCitation>
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; Moritz &amp; Fischer, 1980: 321; 
<treatmentCitation id="1057174F656CDD3DF73C26A2FDDFFA54" author="FRANCKE" box="[374,570,1499,1523]" page="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="2019">
<bibRefCitation id="F5674CAF656CDD3DF73C26A2FDDFFA54" author="FRANCKE" box="[374,570,1499,1523]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="1758 - 1985" refId="ref3648" refString="FRANCKE, O. F. 2019. Conspectus Genericus Scorpionorum 1758 - 1985 (Arachnida: Scorpiones) updated" type="book chapter" year="2019">Francke, 2019: 22</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="1057174F656CDD3DF63B2682FDADF9B4" author="KARSCH" box="[113,584,1531,1555]" page="76" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="1886">
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD656CDD3DF63B2682FDADF9B4" authority=": Karsch, 1886: 76" authorityName=": Karsch" authorityPageNumber="76" authorityYear="1886" box="[113,584,1531,1555]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schneideri">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C656CDD3DF63B2682FE65F9B4" box="[113,384,1531,1555]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Orthodactylus schneideri</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="F5674CAF656CDD3DF7C42682FDADF9B4" author="KARSCH" box="[398,584,1531,1555]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="75 - 310" refId="ref3773" refString="KARSCH, F. 1886. Skorpionologische Beitrage. I. Ueber einen sicilianischen Skorpion. II. Uebersicht der Gruppe Buthina (Androctonina). Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 30 (1): 75 - 310." type="journal article" year="1886">Karsch, 1886: 76</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="9149315E656CDD3DF63B2562FD2BF8B4" blockId="4.[113,772,1435,1941]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B1E61670656CDD3DF63B2562FD2BF8B4" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
<treatmentCitation id="1057174F656CDD3DF63B2562FDA2F994" author="BIRULA" box="[113,583,1563,1587]" page="283" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="1898">
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD656CDD3DF63B2562FDA2F994" ID-CoL="6T8TP" authority=": Birula, 1898: 282 - 283" authorityName="Birula" authorityPageNumber="282 - 283" authorityYear="1898" box="[113,583,1563,1587]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthochirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aristidis">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C656CDD3DF63B2562FEA9F994" box="[113,332,1563,1587]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Orthochirus aristidis</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="F5674CAF656CDD3DF7132562FDA2F994" author="BIRULA" box="[345,583,1563,1587]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="276 - 283" refId="ref3436" refString="BIRULA, A. A. 1898. Miscellanea scorpiologica. III. Zur Synonymie der russischen Skorpione (Fortsetzung). Annuaire du Musee Zoologique de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. - Petersbourg, 3: 276 - 283." type="journal article" year="1898">Birula, 1898: 282–283</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="1057174F656CDD3DF41A2562FD1AF994" author="SIMON" box="[592,767,1563,1587]" page="78" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="1910">
<bibRefCitation id="F5674CAF656CDD3DF41A2562FD1AF994" author="SIMON" box="[592,767,1563,1587]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="57 - 87" refId="ref4330" refString="SIMON, E. 1910. Revision des scorpions d'Egypte. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique d'Egypte, 1910: 57 - 87." type="journal article" year="1910">Simon, 1910: 78</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 12; 
<treatmentCitation id="1057174F656CDD3DF6A52542FE70F9F4" author="BIRULA" box="[239,405,1595,1619]" page="83" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="1928">
<bibRefCitation id="F5674CAF656CDD3DF6A52542FE70F9F4" author="BIRULA" box="[239,405,1595,1619]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="79 - 88" refId="ref3479" refString="BIRULA, A. A. 1928. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der mit Unterstutzung der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien aus der Erbschaft Treitl von F. Werner unternommenen Zoologischen Expedition nach dem Anglo-Agyptischen Sudan (Kordofan) 1914. XXV. Skorpione. Denkschriften der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, 101: 79 - 88." type="journal article" year="1928">Birula, 1928: 83</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(in part); Vachon, 1949: 139 (1952: 224); 
<treatmentCitation id="1057174F656CDD3DF6942522FE43F9D4" author="VACHON" box="[222,422,1627,1651]" page="166" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="1959">
<bibRefCitation id="F5674CAF656CDD3DF6942522FE43F9D4" author="VACHON" box="[222,422,1627,1651]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="121 - 187" refId="ref4545" refString="VACHON, M. 1959. Scorpionidea (Chelicerata) de l'Afganistan. The 3 rd Danish Expedition to Central Asia (Zoological Results 23). Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i KObenhavn, 120: 121 - 187." type="journal article" year="1959">Vachon, 1959: 166</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; Lamoral &amp; Reynders, 1975: 514 (in part); Levy &amp; Amitai, 1980: 94; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 194 (complete reference list until 1998); 
<treatmentCitation id="1057174F656CDD3DF42B25E2FF5BF974" author="KOVARIK" page="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="F5674CAF656CDD3DF42B25E2FF5BF974" author="KOVARIK" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref3849" refString="KOVARIK, F. 2004. Revision and taxonomic position of genera Afghanorthochirus Lourenco &amp; Vachon, Baloorthochirus KovarIk, Butheolus Simon, Nanobuthus Pocock, Orthochiroides KovarIk, Pakistanorthochirus Lourenco, and Asian Orthochirus Karsch, with descriptions of twelve new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Euscorpius, 16: 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="2004">KovařÍk, 2004: 27</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="1057174F656CDD3DF68625C2FE32F974" author="KALTSAS" box="[204,471,1723,1747]" page="220" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="F5674CAF656CDD3DF68625C2FE32F974" author="KALTSAS" box="[204,471,1723,1747]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" refId="ref3682" refString="KALTSAS, D., I. STATHI &amp; V. FET. 2008. Scorpions of the Eastern Mediterranean. Pp. 209 - 246 in Makarov, S. E. &amp; R. N. Dimitrijevic (eds.). Advances in Arachnology and Developmental Biology. Papers dedicated to Prof. Dr. Bozidar Curcic. Vienna - Belgrade - Sofia, 517 pp." type="book" year="2008">Kaltsas et al., 2008: 220</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; Lourenço &amp; Leguin, 2011: 1–3 (in part), figs. 1–2;? 
<treatmentCitation id="1057174F656CDD3DF7D125A2FD8BF954" author="BADRY" box="[411,622,1755,1779]" page="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="2017">
<bibRefCitation id="F5674CAF656CDD3DF7D125A2FD8BF954" author="BADRY" box="[411,622,1755,1779]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref3386" refString="BADRY, A., M. YOUNES, M. H. SARHAN &amp; M. SALEH. 2017. On the scorpion fauna of Egypt, with an identification key (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Zoology in the Middle East, 64: 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="2017">Badry et al., 2017: 6</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. S3a (very probably misidentification); 
<treatmentCitation id="1057174F656CDD3DF7802582FD2CF8B4" author="DUNLOP" box="[458,713,1787,1811]" page="451" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="2018">
<bibRefCitation id="F5674CAF656CDD3DF7802582FD2CF8B4" author="DUNLOP" box="[458,713,1787,1811]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="449 - 457" refId="ref3536" refString="DUNLOP, J. A., M. SIYAM &amp; F. KOVARIK. 2018. Smaller orders of Arachnida in Sudan: a literature review. Arachnology, 17 (9): 449 - 457." type="journal article" year="2018">Dunlop et al., 2018: 451</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9149315E656CDD3DF63B2462FDD8F894" blockId="4.[113,772,1435,1941]" box="[113,573,1819,1843]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B1E61670656CDD3DF63B2462FDD8F894" box="[113,573,1819,1843]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD656CDD3DF63B2462FEDFF894" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1882" box="[113,314,1819,1843]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Butheolus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aristidis">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C656CDD3DF63B2462FEDFF894" box="[113,314,1819,1843]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Butheolus aristidis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:? 
<treatmentCitation id="1057174F656CDD3DF7182462FDDCF894" author="KRAEPELIN" box="[338,569,1819,1843]" page="563" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="1903">
<bibRefCitation id="F5674CAF656CDD3DF7182462FDDCF894" author="KRAEPELIN" box="[338,569,1819,1843]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="557 - 578" refId="ref4057" refString="KRAEPELIN, K. 1903. Scorpione und Solifugen Nordost- Afrikas, gesammelt 1900 und 1901 von Carlo Freiherrn von Erlanger und Oscar Neumann. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abtheilung fur Systematik, 18 (4 - 5): 557 - 578." type="journal article" year="1903">Kraepelin, 1903: 563</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9149315E656CDD3DF63B2442FDD8F8F4" blockId="4.[113,772,1435,1941]" box="[113,573,1851,1875]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B1E61670656CDD3DF63B2442FDD8F8F4" box="[113,573,1851,1875]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
<treatmentCitation id="1057174F656CDD3DF63B2442FDDDF8F4" author="VACHON" box="[113,568,1851,1875]" page="166" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="1959">
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD656CDD3DF63B2442FDDDF8F4" ID-CoL="8LYWT" authority=": Vachon, 1959: 166" authorityName=": Vachon" authorityPageNumber="166" authorityYear="1959" box="[113,568,1851,1875]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthochirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C656CDD3DF63B2442FEBAF8F4" box="[113,351,1851,1875]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Orthochirus olivaceus</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="F5674CAF656CDD3DF7272442FDDDF8F4" author="VACHON" box="[365,568,1851,1875]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="121 - 187" refId="ref4545" refString="VACHON, M. 1959. Scorpionidea (Chelicerata) de l'Afganistan. The 3 rd Danish Expedition to Central Asia (Zoological Results 23). Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i KObenhavn, 120: 121 - 187." type="journal article" year="1959">Vachon, 1959: 166</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9149315E656CDD3DF63B2422FD1CF8D4" blockId="4.[113,772,1435,1941]" box="[113,761,1883,1907]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD656CDD3DF63B2422FD71F8D4" ID-CoL="75964" authority=": Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 193" authorityName="Fet &amp; Lowe" authorityPageNumber="193" authorityYear="2000" box="[113,660,1883,1907]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthochirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scrobiculosus">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C656CDD3DF63B2422FE69F8D4" box="[113,396,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Orthochirus scrobiculosus</emphasis>
: Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 193
</taxonomicName>
(in part).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9149315E656CDD3DF63B2402FDF8F834" blockId="4.[113,772,1435,1941]" box="[113,541,1915,1941]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B1E61670656CDD3DF63B2402FDF8F834" box="[113,541,1915,1941]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD656CDD3DF63B2402FEC5F835" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1892" box="[113,288,1915,1939]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthochirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C656CDD3DF63B2402FF16F834" box="[113,243,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Orthochirus</emphasis>
sp.:
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="1057174F656CDD3DF76D2402FDFFF834" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4967353" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4967353" author="KOVARIK" box="[295,538,1915,1941]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D687B6FF8F6D72FF050DEBFA2438B6" page="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="2020">
<bibRefCitation id="F5674CAF656CDD3DF76D2402FDFFF834" author="KOVARIK" box="[295,538,1915,1941]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 73" refId="ref3947" refString="KOVARIK, F., V. FET &amp; E. A. YAGMUR. 2020. Further review of Orthochirus Karsch, 1892 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Asia: taxonomic position of O. melanurus, O. persa, O. scrobiculosus, and description of six new species. Euscorpius, 318: 1 - 73." type="journal article" year="2020">KovařÍk et al., 2020: 3</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9EC62D5656CDD3DF63B24C2FA26FA88" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9149315E656CDD3DF63B24C2FEC8F855" blockId="4.[113,771,1979,2035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
<materialsCitation id="219E3B03656CDD3DF63B24C2FEA2F874" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3114120301" box="[113,327,1979,2003]" collectionCode="LOCALITY, AND" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="4E4D8FFC656CDD3DF63B24C2FF42F875" box="[113,167,1979,2002]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">TYPE</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="F7E7A99B656CDD3DF6E424C2FEA2F874" box="[174,327,1979,2003]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">LOCALITY AND</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="219E3B03656CDD3DF70724C2FECCF855" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3114120306" collectionCode="DEPOSITORY, ZMHB" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="4E4D8FFC656CDD3DF70724C2FE9AF875" box="[333,383,1979,2002]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">TYPE</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="F7E7A99B656CDD3DF7CF24C2FDE7F874" box="[389,514,1979,2003]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">DEPOSITORY</collectionCode>
. “Sicily” [incorrect 
<typeStatus id="4E4D8FFC656CDD3DF49F24C2FCE6F874" box="[725,771,1979,2003]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">type</typeStatus>
locality]; 
<collectionCode id="F7E7A99B656CDD3DF69224A2FECCF855" box="[216,297,2011,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">ZMHB</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9149315E656CDD3DF57A274EFA95FBC8" blockId="4.[816,1474,1079,1135]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
<materialsCitation id="219E3B03656CDD3DF57A274EFB43FBC8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3114120305" collectionCode="TYPE, MATERIAL, EXAMINED" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectionCode id="F7E7A99B656CDD3DF57A274EFBA9FBE8" box="[816,1100,1079,1103]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED</collectionCode>
. “Sicily” [incorrect type locality; see below], 
<specimenCount id="87F0FAD7656CDD3DF5FA272EFC21FBC9" box="[944,964,1111,1134]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="4E4D8FFC656CDD3DF581272EFBCDFBC8" box="[971,1064,1111,1135]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="09CD2DDB656CDD3DF27D272EFB78FBC8" box="[1079,1181,1111,1135]" captionStart-0="Figures 1–2" captionStart-1="Figures 3–4" captionStart-2="Figures 5–10" captionStartId-0="3.[113,190,2007,2029]" captionStartId-1="5.[115,192,1559,1581]" captionStartId-2="6.[116,193,1992,2014]" captionTargetBox-0="[116,1474,374,1885]" captionTargetBox-1="[113,1474,234,1547]" captionTargetBox-2="[137,1466,236,1971]" captionTargetId-0="figure-27@3.[113,1474,329,1911]" captionTargetId-1="figure-243@5.[113,1474,234,1547]" captionTargetId-2="figure-53@6.[113,1474,230,1979]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionText-0="Figures 1–2. Orthochirus olivaceus, holotype female, dorsal (1) and ventral (2) views. Scale bar: 10 mm." captionText-1="Figures 3–4. Orthochirus olivaceus, holotype female, carapace and tergites (3), and sternopectinal region and sternites (4)." captionText-2="Figures 5–10: Orthochirus olivaceus, females, metasoma and telson, lateral (5, 8), dorsal (6, 9) and ventral (7, 10). Figures 5–7. O. olivaceus, holotype. Figures 8–10. O. aristidis, topotype." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648743" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648745" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648747" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4648743/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4648745/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4648747/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Figs. 1–7</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 
<collectionCode id="F7E7A99B656CDD3DF2F8272EFB1AFBC9" box="[1202,1279,1111,1134]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">ZMHB</collectionCode>
No. 3629.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9149315E656CDD3DF57A27EEFA26FA88" blockId="4.[816,1475,1175,1327]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
<materialsCitation id="219E3B03656CDD3DF57A27EEFC21FB48" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3114120302" collectionCode="OTHER, TYPE, MATERIAL, EXAMINED" country="Egypt" location="Egypt" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<collectionCode id="F7E7A99B656CDD3DF57A27EEFBC5FB08" box="[816,1056,1175,1199]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">OTHER TYPE MATERIAL</collectionCode>
(NOT 
<collectionCode id="F7E7A99B656CDD3DF22927EEFB33FB08" box="[1123,1238,1175,1199]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">EXAMINED</collectionCode>
): Nubia (
<collectingCountry id="E9E171CE656CDD3DF37D27EEFA92FB08" box="[1335,1399,1175,1199]" name="Egypt" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Egypt</collectingCountry>
/ 
<collectingCountry id="E9E171CE656CDD3DF33527EEFA27FB08" box="[1407,1474,1175,1199]" name="Sudan" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Sudan</collectingCountry>
border), near to the Nile, 
<specimenCount id="87F0FAD7656CDD3DF20727CEFB84FB69" box="[1101,1121,1207,1230]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="4E4D8FFC656CDD3DF22127CEFB28FB68" box="[1131,1229,1207,1231]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD656CDD3DF2BC27CEFC21FB48" authority="Simon, 1882" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1882" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Butheolus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aristidis">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C656CDD3DF2BC27CEFA27FB68" box="[1270,1474,1207,1231]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Butheolus aristidis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F5674CAF656CDD3DF57A27AEFC21FB48" author="SIMON" box="[816,964,1239,1263]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="207 - 260" refId="ref4266" refString="SIMON, E. 1882. Viaggio ad Assab nel Mar Rosso, dei signori G. Doria ed O. Beccari con il R. Avviso ' Esploratore' dal 16 Novembre 1879 al 26 Febbraio 1880. II. Etude sur les Arachnides de l'Yemen meridional. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 18: 207 - 260." type="journal article" year="1882">Simon, 1882</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="219E3B03656CDD3DF59227AEFB1AFA89" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3114120303" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="Aristide Letourneux" country="Egypt" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" specimenCode="RS-1771" specimenCount="8" specimenCount-adult="1" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-juvenile="2" specimenCount-male="3" typeStatus="paralectotype">
<collectionCode id="F7E7A99B656CDD3DF59227AEFBCCFB49" box="[984,1065,1239,1262]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">MNHN</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="C1509925656CDD3DF27327AEFB7DFB48" box="[1081,1176,1239,1263]" collectionCode="RS-" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">RS-1771</specimenCode>
(designated by 
<collectorName id="3C035488656CDD3DF31627AEFA27FB49" box="[1372,1474,1239,1262]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Lourenço</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="3C035488656CDD3DF51E278EFC47FAA8" box="[852,930,1271,1295]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Leguin</collectorName>
, 2011: 2, figs. 1–2), leg. 
<collectorName id="3C035488656CDD3DF291278EFA5BFAA9" box="[1243,1470,1271,1295]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Aristide Letourneux</collectorName>
; 
<typeStatus id="4E4D8FFC656CDD3DF57A266EFC2BFA88" box="[816,974,1303,1327]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
: 
<specimenCount id="87F0FAD7656CDD3DF592266EFBC5FA88" box="[984,1056,1303,1327]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="87F0FAD7656CDD3DF26D266EFBDEFA89" box="[1063,1083,1303,1326]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="87F0FAD7656CDD3DF20D266EFB94FA89" box="[1095,1137,1303,1327]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="male">3 ♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="87F0FAD7656CDD3DF236266EFB00FA88" box="[1148,1253,1303,1327]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="juvenile">2 juvenile</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="87F0FAD7656CDD3DF2A1266EFB1AFA89" box="[1259,1279,1303,1326]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
<collectionCode id="F7E7A99B656CDD3DF34F266EFAB3FA89" box="[1285,1366,1303,1326]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">MNHN</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="C1509925656CDD3DF317266EFA5AFA88" box="[1373,1471,1303,1327]" collectionCode="RS-" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">RS-8832</specimenCode>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9EC62D5656CDD3DF57A262EFC4EF9A8" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="description">
<paragraph id="9149315E656CDD3DF57A262EFC4EF9A8" blockId="4.[816,1474,1367,1551]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
<materialsCitation id="219E3B03656CDD3DF57A262EFB85FA08" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3114120307" collectionCode="OTHER, MATERIAL, EXAMINED" country="Sudan" latitude="21.79" location="Nubia" longLatPrecision="757" longitude="31.32" municipality="Wadi Halfa" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<collectionCode id="F7E7A99B656CDD3DF57A262EFB88FAC8" box="[816,1133,1367,1391]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED</collectionCode>
. 
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<collectingCountry id="E9E171CE656CDD3DF2CE262EFB2BFAC8" box="[1156,1230,1367,1391]" name="Sudan" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Sudan</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, 
<location id="94296785656CDD3DF2AF262EFACFFAC8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:195F8048656CDD37F68E274FFC02FAFC:94296785656CDD3DF2AF262EFACFFAC8" box="[1253,1322,1367,1391]" country="Sudan" latitude="21.79" longLatPrecision="757" longitude="31.32" municipality="Wadi Halfa" name="Nubia" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Nubia</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="712DAB24656CDD3DF377262EFA27FAC8" box="[1341,1474,1367,1391]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Wadi Halfa</collectingMunicipality>
[
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<geoCoordinate id="F4C25799656CDD3DF5D1260EFC1CFA28" box="[923,1017,1399,1423]" degrees="31.32" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" precision="555" value="31.32">31.32°E</geoCoordinate>
], 1983, 
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topotype of 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD656CDD3DF2BC260EFC26FA08" authority="Simon, 1882" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1882" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Butheolus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aristidis">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C656CDD3DF2BC260EFA24FA28" box="[1270,1473,1399,1423]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Butheolus aristidis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F5674CAF656CDD3DF57A26EEFC26FA08" author="SIMON" box="[816,963,1431,1455]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="207 - 260" refId="ref4266" refString="SIMON, E. 1882. Viaggio ad Assab nel Mar Rosso, dei signori G. Doria ed O. Beccari con il R. Avviso ' Esploratore' dal 16 Novembre 1879 al 26 Febbraio 1880. II. Etude sur les Arachnides de l'Yemen meridional. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 18: 207 - 260." type="journal article" year="1882">Simon, 1882</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="09CD2DDB656CDD3DF59326EEFBBDFA08" box="[985,1112,1431,1455]" captionStart-0="Figures 5–10" captionStart-1="Figures 11–12" captionStartId-0="6.[116,193,1992,2014]" captionStartId-1="7.[113,190,2005,2027]" captionTargetBox-0="[137,1466,236,1971]" captionTargetBox-1="[126,1460,357,1852]" captionTargetId-0="figure-53@6.[113,1474,230,1979]" captionTargetId-1="figure-32@7.[113,1474,322,1867]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionText-0="Figures 5–10: Orthochirus olivaceus, females, metasoma and telson, lateral (5, 8), dorsal (6, 9) and ventral (7, 10). Figures 5–7. O. olivaceus, holotype. Figures 8–10. O. aristidis, topotype." captionText-1="Figures 11–12. Orthochirus olivaceus, female topotype of O. aristidis, dorsal (11) and ventral (12) views. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648747" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648750" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4648747/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4648750/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Figs. 8–12</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="219E3B03656CDD3DF23E26EEFA8CFA48" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3114120304" collectingDate="2019-09-15" collectionCode="FKCP" collectorName="I. Alkhedir" country="Sudan" elevation="219" latitude="19.463196" location="Northern State" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="30.256472" municipality="Wadi" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<collectionCode id="F7E7A99B656CDD3DF23E26EEFB5EFA08" box="[1140,1211,1431,1455]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">FKCP</collectionCode>
; 
<location id="94296785656CDD3DF28726EEFA92FA08" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:195F8048656CDD37F68E274FFC02FAFC:94296785656CDD3DF28726EEFA92FA08" box="[1229,1399,1431,1455]" country="Sudan" latitude="19.463196" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="30.256472" municipality="Wadi" name="Northern State" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Northern State</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="712DAB24656CDD3DF3C026EEFA27FA08" box="[1418,1474,1431,1455]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Wadi</collectingMunicipality>
El-Ga’ab, 
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<quantity id="560E9CBB656CDD3DF5E326CEFC11FA69" box="[937,1012,1463,1487]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.19" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="219.0">219 m</quantity>
a. s. l.
</elevation>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="F4C25799656CDD3DF22F26CEFB1CFA68" box="[1125,1273,1463,1487]" degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" precision="1" seconds="47.5" value="19.463196">19°27'47.5&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="F4C25799656CDD3DF34226CEFA7CFA68" box="[1288,1433,1463,1487]" degrees="30" direction="east" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" precision="1" seconds="23.3" value="30.256472">30°15'23.3&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
<date id="E548179E656CDD3DF3ED26CEFC03FA48" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" value="2019-09-15">
<collectingDate id="F50CEE76656CDD3DF3ED26CEFC03FA48" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" value="2019-09-15">15 September 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<specimenCount id="87F0FAD7656CDD3DF5B826AEFBF6FA48" box="[1010,1043,1495,1519]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
(
<figureCitation id="09CD2DDB656CDD3DF26E26AEFB4FFA48" box="[1060,1194,1495,1519]" captionStart-0="Figures 13–14" captionStart-1="Figures 15–16" captionStart-2="Figures 17–18" captionStart-3="Figures 19–24" captionStart-4="Figures 25–36" captionStart-5="Figures 37–40" captionStartId-0="8.[113,190,2014,2036]" captionStartId-1="9.[116,193,1789,1811]" captionStartId-2="10.[116,193,1738,1760]" captionStartId-3="11.[115,192,1984,2006]" captionStartId-4="12.[115,192,1585,1607]" captionStartId-5="13.[116,193,2011,2033]" captionTargetBox-0="[121,1466,358,1884]" captionTargetBox-1="[113,1445,239,1778]" captionTargetBox-2="[113,1474,234,1730]" captionTargetBox-3="[115,1476,223,1967]" captionTargetBox-4="[131,1449,246,1567]" captionTargetBox-5="[119,1455,259,1992]" captionTargetId-0="figure-33@8.[115,1476,320,1924]" captionTargetId-1="figure-112@9.[113,1474,234,1778]" captionTargetId-2="figure-163@10.[113,1474,234,1730]" captionTargetId-3="figure-42@11.[115,1476,220,1977]" captionTargetId-4="figure-248@12.[114,1475,234,1575]" captionTargetId-5="figure-25@13.[116,1477,231,1996]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionTargetPageId-3="11" captionTargetPageId-4="12" captionTargetPageId-5="13" captionText-0="Figures 13–14. Orthochirus olivaceus, male from Sudan, dorsal (13) and ventral (14) views. Scale bar: 10 mm." captionText-1="Figures 15–16. Orthochirus olivaceus, male from Sudan, carapace and tergites (15), and sternopectinal region and sternites (16) under white light." captionText-2="Figures 17–18. Orthochirus olivaceus, male from Sudan, carapace and tergites (17), and sternopectinal region and sternites (18) under UV light." captionText-3="Figures 19–24. Orthochirus olivaceus, male from Sudan, metasoma and telson, lateral (19, 22), dorsal (20, 23) and ventral (21, 24), under UV white light (19–21) and white light (22–24)." captionText-4="Figures 25–36: Orthochirus olivaceus, male from Sudan. Figures 25–35. Segments of pedipalps. Pedipalp chela, dorsal (25, 35), external (26), and ventral (27) views. Pedipalp patella, dorsal (28), external (29), and ventral (30) views. Pedipalp femur and trochanter, internal (31), dorsal (32), and ventral (33) views. Pedipalp chela, fixed finger dentate margins (34). The trichobothrial pattern is indicated in Figures 25–29, 31–32 (white circles). Figure 36. Right chelicera dorsal aspect." captionText-5="Figures 37–40. Orthochirus olivaceus, male from Sudan, left legs I–IV, retrolateral aspect." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648752" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648754" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648756" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648758" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648760" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648762" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4648752/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4648754/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4648756/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4648758/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/4648760/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/4648762/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Figs. 13–40</figureCitation>
), leg. 
<collectorName id="3C035488656CDD3DF2A526AEFA8CFA48" box="[1263,1385,1495,1519]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">I. Alkhedir</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
, ZMHB No. 49428.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9EC62D5656CDD3CF57A254EFE69F82F" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="9149315E656CDD3CF57A254EFE69F82F" blockId="4.[816,1474,1591,2032]" lastBlockId="5.[113,771,1616,1928]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
DIAGNOSIS (
<specimenCount id="87F0FAD7656CDD3DF5F9254EFC2EF9E8" box="[947,971,1591,1615]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="87F0FAD7656CDD3DF581254EFC39F9E8" box="[971,988,1591,1615]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
). Total length of adults 
<quantity id="560E9CBB656CDD3DF29D254EFAA8F9E9" box="[1239,1357,1591,1615]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="26.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="23.0">23–30 mm</quantity>
. Carapace, tergites, and metasoma reddish brown to black. Pedipalp chela and legs yellow. Trichobothrium 
<emphasis id="A382ED4C656CDD3DF299250EFB05F928" box="[1235,1248,1655,1679]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">d</emphasis>
<subScript id="0D72331B656CDD3DF2AB25FEFB0CF932" attach="left" box="[1249,1257,1671,1685]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">2</subScript>
on dorsal surface of pedipalp femur present or reduced. Pectinal teeth number 
<quantity id="560E9CBB656CDD3DF3ED25EEFCA0F968" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" unit="in" value="15.0">15 in</quantity>
males and 
<quantity id="560E9CBB656CDD3DF58825CEFBC6F968" box="[962,1059,1719,1743]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.445" metricValueMax="5.08" metricValueMin="3.81" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" unit="in" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15–20 in</quantity>
females. Movable finger of pedipalps with 9 rows of denticles, 6–7 inner denticles and 2–5 outer denticles. Dorsal carinae on pedipalp patella developed and smooth. Pedipalp femur dorsal smooth. Metasoma I with 10 carinae, metasoma II with 8–10 carinae, III with 6 carinae, metasoma IV–V with 2 dorsolateral carinae and 2 ventrolateral carinae. Ventral carinae of metasoma I–II consist of large granules in one or two rows. Metasoma III–V ventrally and laterally smooth with fine punctation developed, spaces among punctae smooth; metasoma I– II ventrally and laterally granulated, more in male, with punctation reduced. Metasoma V dorsal surface mesially smooth; metasoma I dorsally coarsely granulated. Tergites roughly, densely granulated. Sternite VII granulated, with four granulated carinae present. Pedipalp, metasoma and telson glabrous. Moderate to strong tibial spurs present on legs III and IV. Tarsomere I of legs I–III with 5–6 long setae in both sexes. Ratio length/width of metasoma V 
<quantity id="560E9CBB656DDD3CF4DC2449FF63F8CF" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1496" metricValueMax="3.2766" metricValueMin="3.0225999999999997" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" unit="in" value="1.24" valueMax="1.29" valueMin="1.19">1.19–1.29 in</quantity>
both sexes. Metasoma IV longer as wide as long in female, length/width ratio is 1.10.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="C58961D6656DDD3CF639256EFAEAF98A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648745" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4648745" box="[115,1295,1559,1581]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4648745/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" startId="5.[115,192,1559,1581]" targetBox="[113,1474,234,1547]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="9149315E656DDD3CF639256EFAEAF98A" blockId="5.[115,1295,1559,1581]" box="[115,1295,1559,1581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C656DDD3CF639256EFF0FF98B" bold="true" box="[115,234,1559,1581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Figures 3–4</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD656DDD3CF6BC256EFE29F98B" authorityName=": Vachon" authorityYear="1959" box="[246,460,1559,1580]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthochirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C656DDD3CF6BC256EFE29F98B" box="[246,460,1559,1580]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Orthochirus olivaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype female, carapace and tergites (3), and sternopectinal region and sternites (4).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="D9EC62D5656DDD37F63B24C9FEF2F85C" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9149315E656DDD3CF63B24C9FC0FF8AF" blockId="5.[113,771,1968,2024]" lastBlockId="5.[816,1481,1616,2027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
COMMENTS. We compared the female 
<typeStatus id="4E4D8FFC656DDD3CF43824C9FD2AF86F" box="[626,719,1968,1992]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD656DDD3CF63B24A9FDE2F84F" authority="Karsch, 1881" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1881" box="[113,519,2000,2024]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C656DDD3CF63B24A9FE90F84F" box="[113,373,2000,2024]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Orthodactylus olivaceus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F5674CAF656DDD3CF73024A9FDE2F84F" author="KARSCH" box="[378,519,2000,2024]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="89 - 91" refId="ref3752" refString="KARSCH, F. 1881. Uebersicht der europaischen Skorpione. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 25: 89 - 91." type="journal article" year="1881">Karsch, 1881</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
with a female 
<typeStatus id="4E4D8FFC656DDD3CF4EB24A9FCE6F84F" box="[673,771,2000,2024]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD656DDD3CF5052529FA5BF9CF" authority="(Grube, 1873) (Turkmenistan)" baseAuthorityName="Grube" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[847,1470,1616,1640]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthochirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scrobiculosus">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C656DDD3CF5052529FB89F9CF" box="[847,1132,1616,1640]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Orthochirus scrobiculosus</emphasis>
(Grube, 1873) (
<collectingCountry id="E9E171CE656DDD3CF3542529FA52F9CF" box="[1310,1463,1616,1640]" name="Turkmenistan" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
)
</taxonomicName>
, a species, with which Karsch’s taxon has been synonymized for over a century (see e.g. Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 193). A detailed analysis shows that these two species have nothing in common; see 
<bibRefCitation id="F5674CAF656DDD3CF58F25A8FB40F94F" author="KOVARIK" box="[965,1189,1744,1771]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 73" refId="ref3947" refString="KOVARIK, F., V. FET &amp; E. A. YAGMUR. 2020. Further review of Orthochirus Karsch, 1892 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Asia: taxonomic position of O. melanurus, O. persa, O. scrobiculosus, and description of six new species. Euscorpius, 318: 1 - 73." type="journal article" year="2020">KovařÍk et al. (2020)</bibRefCitation>
for an exhaustive study of 
<emphasis id="A382ED4C656DDD3CF57A2588FC0FF8AF" box="[816,1002,1776,1800]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD656DDD3CF57A2588FC03F8AF" baseAuthorityName="Grube" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[816,998,1776,1800]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthochirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scrobiculosus">O. scrobiculosus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9149315E656DDD30F52A2469FEF4F834" blockId="5.[816,1481,1616,2027]" lastBlockId="9.[113,771,1883,2035]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
At the same time, our further comparison of the female 
<typeStatus id="4E4D8FFC656DDD3CF57A2449FC68F8EF" box="[816,909,1840,1864]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD656DDD3CF58C2449FA9AF8EF" authority="Karsch, 1881" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1881" box="[966,1407,1840,1864]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C656DDD3CF58C2449FB30F8EF" box="[966,1237,1840,1864]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Orthodactylus olivaceus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F5674CAF656DDD3CF2AC2449FA9AF8EF" author="KARSCH" box="[1254,1407,1840,1864]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="89 - 91" refId="ref3752" refString="KARSCH, F. 1881. Uebersicht der europaischen Skorpione. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 25: 89 - 91." type="journal article" year="1881">Karsch, 1881</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
to a female topotype of 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD656DDD3CF2642429FA2CF8CF" authority="(Simon, 1882)" baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[1070,1481,1872,1896]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthochirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aristidis">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C656DDD3CF2642429FAF6F8CF" box="[1070,1299,1872,1896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Orthochirus aristidis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F5674CAF656DDD3CF36D2429FA27F8CF" author="SIMON" box="[1319,1474,1872,1896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="207 - 260" refId="ref4266" refString="SIMON, E. 1882. Viaggio ad Assab nel Mar Rosso, dei signori G. Doria ed O. Beccari con il R. Avviso ' Esploratore' dal 16 Novembre 1879 al 26 Febbraio 1880. II. Etude sur les Arachnides de l'Yemen meridional. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 18: 207 - 260." type="journal article" year="1882">Simon, 1882</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="E9E171CE656DDD3CF5212409FC4BF82F" box="[875,942,1904,1928]" name="Sudan" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Sudan</collectingCountry>
(Wadi Halfa on the lake Nubia, near the Egyptian border) demonstrated that these specimens match each other precisely in all characters currently used for species resolution inside the genus 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD656DDD3CF5A024A9FB89F84F" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1892" box="[1002,1132,2000,2024]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthochirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C656DDD3CF5A024A9FB89F84F" box="[1002,1132,2000,2024]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Orthochirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see 
<bibRefCitation id="F5674CAF656DDD3CF2E324A8FA6CF84F" author="KOVARIK" box="[1193,1417,2000,2027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 73" refId="ref3947" refString="KOVARIK, F., V. FET &amp; E. A. YAGMUR. 2020. Further review of Orthochirus Karsch, 1892 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Asia: taxonomic position of O. melanurus, O. persa, O. scrobiculosus, and description of six new species. Euscorpius, 318: 1 - 73." type="journal article" year="2020">KovařÍk et al., 2020</bibRefCitation>
). For a detailed recent diagnosis of 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6561DD30F7892422FDDAF8D4" baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[451,575,1883,1907]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthochirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aristidis">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6561DD30F7892422FDDAF8D4" box="[451,575,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">O. aristidis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, see Lourenço &amp; Leguin (2011).
</paragraph>
<caption id="C58961D6656EDD3FF63E24B1FDD3F85D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648747" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4648747" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4648747/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" startId="6.[116,193,1992,2014]" targetBox="[137,1466,236,1971]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="9149315E656EDD3FF63E24B1FDD3F85D" blockId="6.[116,1474,1992,2043]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C656EDD3FF63E24B1FF13F87A" bold="true" box="[116,246,1992,2014]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Figures 5–10</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD656EDD3FF74924B1FE3DF87A" authorityName=": Vachon" authorityYear="1959" box="[259,472,1992,2013]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthochirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C656EDD3FF74924B1FE3DF87A" box="[259,472,1992,2013]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Orthochirus olivaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, females, metasoma and telson, lateral (5, 8), dorsal (6, 9) and ventral (7, 10). 
<emphasis id="A382ED4C656EDD3FF28924B1FADCF87A" bold="true" box="[1219,1337,1992,2014]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Figures 5–7</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD656EDD3FF30F24B1FA59F87A" authorityName=": Vachon" authorityYear="1959" box="[1349,1468,1992,2013]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthochirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C656EDD3FF30F24B1FA59F87A" box="[1349,1468,1992,2013]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">O. olivaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype. 
<emphasis id="A382ED4C656EDD3FF69E249CFEB2F85D" bold="true" box="[212,343,2021,2043]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Figures 8–10</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD656EDD3FF729249CFE2AF85D" baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[355,463,2021,2042]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthochirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aristidis">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C656EDD3FF729249CFE2AF85D" box="[355,463,2021,2042]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">O. aristidis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, topotype.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C58961D6656FDD3EF63B24ACFAC4F84C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648750" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4648750" box="[113,1313,2005,2028]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4648750/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" startId="7.[113,190,2005,2027]" targetBox="[126,1460,357,1852]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="9149315E656FDD3EF63B24ACFAC4F84C" blockId="7.[113,1313,2005,2028]" box="[113,1313,2005,2028]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C656FDD3EF63B24ACFF1AF84C" bold="true" box="[113,255,2005,2027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Figures 11–12</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD656FDD3EF74124AFFE04F84C" authorityName=": Vachon" authorityYear="1959" box="[267,481,2006,2027]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthochirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C656FDD3EF74124AFFE04F84C" box="[267,481,2006,2027]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Orthochirus olivaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female topotype of 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD656FDD3EF4E224AFFCF0F84C" baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[680,789,2006,2027]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthochirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aristidis">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C656FDD3EF4E224AFFCF0F84C" box="[680,789,2006,2027]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">O. aristidis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, dorsal (11) and ventral (12) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C58961D66560DD31F63B24A7FB44F853" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648752" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4648752" box="[113,1185,2014,2037]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4648752/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" startId="8.[113,190,2014,2036]" targetBox="[121,1466,358,1884]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="9149315E6560DD31F63B24A7FB44F853" blockId="8.[113,1185,2014,2037]" box="[113,1185,2014,2037]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6560DD31F63B24A7FEE5F854" bold="true" box="[113,256,2014,2036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Figures 13–14</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6560DD31F74624A7FE06F854" authorityName=": Vachon" authorityYear="1959" box="[268,483,2014,2035]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthochirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6560DD31F74624A7FE06F854" box="[268,483,2014,2035]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Orthochirus olivaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male from Sudan, dorsal (13) and ventral (14) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C58961D66561DD30F63E2584FF42F897" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648754" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4648754" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4648754/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" startId="9.[116,193,1789,1811]" targetBox="[113,1445,239,1778]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="9149315E6561DD30F63E2584FF42F897" blockId="9.[116,1474,1789,1840]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6561DD30F63E2584FEE6F8B4" bold="true" box="[116,259,1789,1811]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Figures 15–16</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6561DD30F7452587FE03F8B4" authorityName=": Vachon" authorityYear="1959" box="[271,486,1790,1811]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthochirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6561DD30F7452587FE03F8B4" box="[271,486,1790,1811]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Orthochirus olivaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male from Sudan, carapace and tergites (15), and sternopectinal region and sternites (16) under white light.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9149315E6561DD30F6EB24E2FDE8F854" blockId="9.[113,771,1883,2035]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
Our undeniable conclusion is that 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6561DD30F45524E2FEF1F874" authority="(Simon, 1882)" baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1882" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthochirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aristidis">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6561DD30F45524E2FCE6F814" box="[543,771,1947,1971]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Orthochirus aristidis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F5674CAF6561DD30F63324C2FEE9F874" author="SIMON" box="[121,268,1979,2003]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="207 - 260" refId="ref4266" refString="SIMON, E. 1882. Viaggio ad Assab nel Mar Rosso, dei signori G. Doria ed O. Beccari con il R. Avviso ' Esploratore' dal 16 Novembre 1879 al 26 Febbraio 1880. II. Etude sur les Arachnides de l'Yemen meridional. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 18: 207 - 260." type="journal article" year="1882">Simon, 1882</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
is a junior synonym of the valid species 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6561DD30F63B24A2FDECF854" authority="(Karsch, 1881)" baseAuthorityName="Karsch" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[113,521,2011,2035]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthochirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6561DD30F63B24A2FEBAF854" box="[113,351,2011,2035]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Orthochirus olivaceus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F5674CAF6561DD30F72724A2FDE4F854" author="KARSCH" box="[365,513,2011,2035]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="89 - 91" refId="ref3752" refString="KARSCH, F. 1881. Uebersicht der europaischen Skorpione. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 25: 89 - 91." type="journal article" year="1881">Karsch, 1881</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9149315E6561DD33F57A2422FE4AF853" blockId="9.[816,1474,1882,2035]" lastBlockId="10.[113,771,1819,2036]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
HISTORY OF STUDY. In 1881, Karsch described a new scorpion genus 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6561DD30F5362403FBF0F835" authorityName="Hitchcock" authorityYear="1858" box="[892,1045,1914,1938]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6561DD30F5362403FBF0F835" box="[892,1045,1914,1938]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Orthodactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with the 
<typeStatus id="4E4D8FFC6561DD30F2DE2402FB27F834" box="[1172,1218,1915,1939]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
species 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6561DD30F3632403FC70F815" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1881" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6561DD30F3632403FC70F815" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Orthodactylus olivaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(by monotypy). It was soon discovered that the new generic name was a homonym of the reptilian genus 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6561DD30F57A24A3FB68F855" authority="Hitchcock, 1858" authorityName="Hitchcock" authorityYear="1858" box="[816,1165,2010,2034]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6561DD30F57A24A3FC2CF855" box="[816,969,2010,2034]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Orthodactylus</emphasis>
Hitchcock, 1858
</taxonomicName>
(a fossil crocodile, now a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6562DD33F74A2465FDA9F894" authority="Hitchcock, 1845" authorityName="Hitchcock" authorityYear="1845" box="[256,588,1819,1844]" class="Insecta" family="Romaleidae" genus="Batrachopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6562DD33F74A2465FE6DF893" box="[256,392,1820,1844]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Batrachopus</emphasis>
Hitchcock, 1845
</taxonomicName>
). To replace the junior homonym, Karsch himself published a new genus name, 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6562DD33F63B2425FE7AF8D3" authority="Karsch, 1892" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1892" box="[113,415,1884,1908]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthochirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6562DD33F63B2425FF16F8D3" box="[113,243,1884,1908]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Orthochirus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F5674CAF6562DD33F74E2425FE7AF8D3" author="KARSCH" box="[260,415,1884,1908]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" pagination="267 - 310" refId="ref3812" refString="KARSCH, F. 1892. Arachniden von Ceylon und von Minikoy gesammelt von den Herren Doctoren P. und F. Sarasin. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 36 (2): 267 - 310." type="journal article" year="1892">Karsch, 1892</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. While the genus 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6562DD33F4CB2425FCE6F8D3" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1892" box="[641,771,1884,1908]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthochirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6562DD33F4CB2425FCE6F8D3" box="[641,771,1884,1908]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Orthochirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
became well-known and used over the next 100 years (e.g. Vachon, 1949; Levy &amp; Amitai, 1980; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000), the identity of its 
<typeStatus id="4E4D8FFC6562DD33F74424C5FED9F873" box="[270,316,1980,2004]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
species, 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6562DD33F7EB24C5FF4CF853" authority="Karsch, 1881" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1881" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6562DD33F7EB24C5FD4DF873" box="[417,680,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Orthodactylus olivaceus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F5674CAF6562DD33F4FB24C5FF4CF853" author="KARSCH" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" pagination="89 - 91" refId="ref3752" refString="KARSCH, F. 1881. Uebersicht der europaischen Skorpione. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 25: 89 - 91." type="journal article" year="1881">Karsch, 1881</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, was never investigated.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C58961D66562DD33F63E25B3FF42F95A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648756" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4648756" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4648756/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" startId="10.[116,193,1738,1760]" targetBox="[113,1474,234,1730]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="9149315E6562DD33F63E25B3FF42F95A" blockId="10.[116,1474,1738,1789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6562DD33F63E25B3FEE1F978" bold="true" box="[116,260,1738,1760]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Figures 17–18</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6562DD33F75825B3FE0CF978" baseAuthorityName="Karsch" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[274,489,1738,1759]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthochirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6562DD33F75825B3FE0CF978" box="[274,489,1738,1759]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Orthochirus olivaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male from Sudan, carapace and tergites (17), and sternopectinal region and sternites (18) under UV light.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9149315E6562DD35F52A2465FCE0F8AE" blockId="10.[816,1481,1819,2036]" lastBlockId="12.[115,773,1745,2025]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
One reason for this neglect was that the type locality of 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6562DD33F57A2445FC5FF8F4" baseAuthorityName="Karsch" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[816,954,1851,1875]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthochirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6562DD33F57A2445FC5FF8F4" box="[816,954,1851,1875]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">O. olivaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unclear. The 
<typeStatus id="4E4D8FFC6562DD33F2382442FB2AF8F4" box="[1138,1231,1851,1875]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
label (
<figureCitation id="09CD2DDB6562DD33F36A2442FA6DF8F3" box="[1312,1416,1851,1876]" captionStart="Figures 1–2" captionStartId="3.[113,190,2007,2029]" captionTargetBox="[116,1474,374,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-27@3.[113,1474,329,1911]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 1–2. Orthochirus olivaceus, holotype female, dorsal (1) and ventral (2) views. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4648743/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
) says “Sicilia”. This is clearly an incorrect locality as there are no 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6562DD33F57A2402FC57F834" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1892" box="[816,946,1915,1939]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthochirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6562DD33F57A2402FC57F834" box="[816,946,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Orthochirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species found in Sicily—or anywhere in Europe. The type was obtained from Gustav Schneider (1834–1900), a famous taxidermist and merchant in Basel, 
<collectingCountry id="E9E171CE6562DD33F34724C2FA6AF874" box="[1293,1423,1979,2003]" name="Switzerland" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
, and, based on our analysis, we suggest that it possibly originated from 
<collectingCountry id="E9E171CE6564DD35F6FA25A8FF15F94E" box="[176,240,1745,1769]" name="Egypt" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Egypt</collectingCountry>
since there are other Egyptian buthids obtained from Schneider in ZMHB collection (J. Dunlop, pers. comm.).
</paragraph>
<caption id="C58961D66563DD32F63924B9FDFEF853" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648758" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4648758" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4648758/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" startId="11.[115,192,1984,2006]" targetBox="[115,1476,223,1967]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="9149315E6563DD32F63924B9FDFEF853" blockId="11.[115,1473,1984,2036]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6563DD32F63924B9FEE4F872" bold="true" box="[115,257,1984,2006]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Figures 19–24</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6563DD32F74724B8FE07F871" baseAuthorityName="Karsch" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[269,482,1985,2006]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthochirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6563DD32F74724B8FE07F871" box="[269,482,1985,2006]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Orthochirus olivaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male from Sudan, metasoma and telson, lateral (19, 22), dorsal (20, 23) and ventral (21, 24), under UV white light (19–21) and white light (22–24).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C58961D66564DD35F6392548FD77F93A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648760" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4648760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4648760/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" startId="12.[115,192,1585,1607]" targetBox="[131,1449,246,1567]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="9149315E6564DD35F6392548FD77F93A" blockId="12.[115,1473,1585,1693]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6564DD35F6392548FEE5F9E1" bold="true" box="[115,256,1585,1607]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Figures 25–36</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6564DD35F7462548FE04F9E1" baseAuthorityName="Karsch" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[268,481,1585,1606]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthochirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6564DD35F7462548FE04F9E1" box="[268,481,1585,1606]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Orthochirus olivaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male from Sudan. 
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6564DD35F4D02548FCCDF9E1" bold="true" box="[666,808,1585,1607]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Figures 25–35</emphasis>
. Segments of pedipalps. Pedipalp chela, dorsal (25, 35), external (26), and ventral (27) views. Pedipalp patella, dorsal (28), external (29), and ventral (30) views. Pedipalp femur and trochanter, internal (31), dorsal (32), and ventral (33) views. Pedipalp chela, fixed finger dentate margins (34). The trichobothrial pattern is indicated in Figures 25–29, 31–32 (white circles). 
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6564DD35F74325FEFE8FF93B" bold="true" box="[265,362,1671,1693]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Figure 36</emphasis>
. Right chelicera dorsal aspect.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9149315E6564DD35F6E92468FA54F88E" blockId="12.[115,773,1745,2025]" lastBlockId="12.[818,1476,1745,2027]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
Meanwhile, 
<bibRefCitation id="F5674CAF6564DD35F77B2468FDE3F88F" author="KARSCH" box="[305,518,1808,1833]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="75 - 310" refId="ref3773" refString="KARSCH, F. 1886. Skorpionologische Beitrage. I. Ueber einen sicilianischen Skorpion. II. Uebersicht der Gruppe Buthina (Androctonina). Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 30 (1): 75 - 310." type="journal article" year="1886">Karsch (1886: 75)</bibRefCitation>
himself synonymized this “sicilianischer Skorpion”—as well as 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6564DD35F4712448FEE3F8CE" authority="Simon, 1882" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1882" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Butheolus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aristidis">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6564DD35F4712448FCE1F8EE" box="[571,772,1841,1865]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Butheolus aristidis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F5674CAF6564DD35F6392428FEE3F8CE" author="SIMON" box="[115,262,1873,1897]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="207 - 260" refId="ref4266" refString="SIMON, E. 1882. Viaggio ad Assab nel Mar Rosso, dei signori G. Doria ed O. Beccari con il R. Avviso ' Esploratore' dal 16 Novembre 1879 al 26 Febbraio 1880. II. Etude sur les Arachnides de l'Yemen meridional. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 18: 207 - 260." type="journal article" year="1882">Simon, 1882</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, described from North Africa—with 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6564DD35F4F02428FE7BF82E" authority="L. Koch, 1878" authorityName="L. Koch" authorityYear="1878" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schneideri">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6564DD35F4F02428FF07F82E" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Buthus schneideri</emphasis>
L. Koch, 1878
</taxonomicName>
(as 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6564DD35F7972408FD10F82E" authorityName=": Karsch" authorityYear="1886" box="[477,757,1905,1929]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schneideri">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6564DD35F7972408FD10F82E" box="[477,757,1905,1929]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Orthodactylus schneideri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), described from Central Asia. Thus, the name 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6564DD35F42624E8FE8CF86E" authority="Karsch, 1881" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1881" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6564DD35F42624E8FF3DF86E" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Orthodactylus olivaceus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F5674CAF6564DD35F69724C8FE8CF86E" author="KARSCH" box="[221,361,1969,1993]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="89 - 91" refId="ref3752" refString="KARSCH, F. 1881. Uebersicht der europaischen Skorpione. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 25: 89 - 91." type="journal article" year="1881">Karsch, 1881</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
has disappeared from usage for almost 140 years already five years after its description. It was usually only mentioned in literature (in synonymy under 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6564DD35F30B25A8FC21F8AE" baseAuthorityName="Grube" baseAuthorityYear="1873" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthochirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scrobiculosus">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6564DD35F30B25A8FC21F8AE" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Orthochirus scrobiculosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) when the 
<typeStatus id="4E4D8FFC6564DD35F27C2588FB81F8AE" box="[1078,1124,1777,1801]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
species of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6564DD35F30B2588FA26F8AE" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1892" box="[1345,1475,1777,1801]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthochirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6564DD35F30B2588FA26F8AE" box="[1345,1475,1777,1801]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Orthochirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was listed (e.g. Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 193; 
<bibRefCitation id="F5674CAF6564DD35F2AA2468FA40F88E" author="FRANCKE" box="[1248,1445,1809,1833]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="1758 - 1985" refId="ref3648" refString="FRANCKE, O. F. 2019. Conspectus Genericus Scorpionorum 1758 - 1985 (Arachnida: Scorpiones) updated" type="book chapter" year="2019">Francke, 2019: 22</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9149315E6564DD37F5282448FE69FAFC" blockId="12.[818,1476,1745,2027]" lastBlockId="14.[115,773,1219,2043]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
In its turn, 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6564DD35F5A92448FAB1F8EE" authority="L. Koch, 1878" authorityName="L. Koch" authorityYear="1878" box="[995,1364,1841,1865]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schneideri">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6564DD35F5A92448FB42F8EE" box="[995,1191,1841,1865]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Buthus schneideri</emphasis>
L. Koch, 1878
</taxonomicName>
was later synonymized with 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6564DD35F5B62428FA4DF8CE" authority="Grube, 1873" authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1873" box="[1020,1448,1873,1897]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Androctonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scrobiculosus">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6564DD35F5B62428FAF9F8CE" box="[1020,1308,1873,1897]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Androctonus scrobiculosus</emphasis>
Grube, 1873
</taxonomicName>
(a synonymy, which still stands; 
<bibRefCitation id="F5674CAF6564DD35F2392408FAA9F82E" author="KOVARIK" box="[1139,1356,1905,1931]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 73" refId="ref3947" refString="KOVARIK, F., V. FET &amp; E. A. YAGMUR. 2020. Further review of Orthochirus Karsch, 1892 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Asia: taxonomic position of O. melanurus, O. persa, O. scrobiculosus, and description of six new species. Euscorpius, 318: 1 - 73." type="journal article" year="2020">KovařÍk et al., 2020</bibRefCitation>
). The latter name, which was eventually moved to 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6564DD35F2AA24E8FA87F80E" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1892" box="[1248,1378,1937,1961]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthochirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6564DD35F2AA24E8FA87F80E" box="[1248,1378,1937,1961]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Orthochirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, became an “umbrella” taxon, never seriously revised until the 21 
<superScript id="66839C166564DD35F3F324D6FA26F81A" attach="none" box="[1465,1475,1967,1981]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">st</superScript>
century. As 
<bibRefCitation id="F5674CAF6564DD35F5FA24A8FB94F84E" author="KOVARIK" box="[944,1137,2001,2027]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref3849" refString="KOVARIK, F. 2004. Revision and taxonomic position of genera Afghanorthochirus Lourenco &amp; Vachon, Baloorthochirus KovarIk, Butheolus Simon, Nanobuthus Pocock, Orthochiroides KovarIk, Pakistanorthochirus Lourenco, and Asian Orthochirus Karsch, with descriptions of twelve new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Euscorpius, 16: 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="2004">KovařÍk (2004: 1)</bibRefCitation>
noted, “The genus 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6564DD35F30B24A8FA26F84E" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1892" box="[1345,1475,2001,2025]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthochirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6564DD35F30B24A8FA26F84E" box="[1345,1475,2001,2025]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Orthochirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has not been revised for many years, although most authors (recently, Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 193) consider it complex and in need of a revision. The situation has often been oversimplified by labeling African populations as 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6566DD37F7B9265DFDB2FA9C" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1910" box="[499,599,1316,1339]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthochirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innesi">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6566DD37F7B9265DFDB2FA9C" box="[499,599,1316,1339]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">O. innesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and those from Asia as 
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6566DD37F68D263DFE64FAFC" box="[199,385,1347,1371]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6566DD37F68D263DFE98FAFC" authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1873" box="[199,381,1347,1371]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Androctonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scrobiculosus">O. scrobiculosus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
”
</paragraph>
<caption id="C58961D66565DD34F63E24A2FC38F857" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648762" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4648762" box="[116,989,2011,2033]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4648762/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" startId="13.[116,193,2011,2033]" targetBox="[119,1455,259,1992]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="9149315E6565DD34F63E24A2FC38F857" blockId="13.[116,989,2011,2033]" box="[116,989,2011,2033]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6565DD34F63E24A2FEE6F857" bold="true" box="[116,259,2011,2033]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Figures 37–40</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6565DD34F74524A2FE00F857" baseAuthorityName="Karsch" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[271,485,2011,2032]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthochirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6565DD34F74524A2FE00F857" box="[271,485,2011,2032]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Orthochirus olivaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male from Sudan, left legs I–IV, retrolateral aspect.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C58961D66566DD37F63927FFFD4BFB3B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648764" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4648764" box="[115,686,1158,1181]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4648764/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" startId="14.[115,181,1158,1180]" targetBox="[113,1474,238,1145]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="9149315E6566DD37F63927FFFD4BFB3B" blockId="14.[115,686,1158,1181]" box="[115,686,1158,1181]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6566DD37F63927FFFF34FB3C" bold="true" box="[115,209,1158,1180]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Figure 41</emphasis>
. Confirmed distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6566DD37F79827FEFD4DFB3B" baseAuthorityName="Karsch" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[466,680,1159,1180]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthochirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6566DD37F79827FEFD4DFB3B" box="[466,680,1159,1180]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Orthochirus olivaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9149315E6566DD37F6E9261AFCE0F9FC" blockId="14.[115,773,1219,2043]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
Only recently (
<bibRefCitation id="F5674CAF6566DD37F702261DFDCFFADC" author="KOVARIK" box="[328,554,1379,1406]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 73" refId="ref3947" refString="KOVARIK, F., V. FET &amp; E. A. YAGMUR. 2020. Further review of Orthochirus Karsch, 1892 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Asia: taxonomic position of O. melanurus, O. persa, O. scrobiculosus, and description of six new species. Euscorpius, 318: 1 - 73." type="journal article" year="2020">KovařÍk et al., 2020</bibRefCitation>
), our detailed study based on the 
<typeStatus id="4E4D8FFC6566DD37F74D26FDFED0FA3B" box="[263,309,1412,1436]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6566DD37F78626FDFD67FA3C" authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1873" box="[460,642,1411,1435]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Androctonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scrobiculosus">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6566DD37F78626FDFD67FA3C" box="[460,642,1411,1435]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">O. scrobiculosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, allowed to limit this species to Central Asia (western 
<collectingCountry id="E9E171CE6566DD37F42826DAFD1EFA1C" box="[610,763,1443,1467]" name="Turkmenistan" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
). Therefore, all taxa previously considered synonyms or subspecies of 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6566DD37F744269DFE21FA5C" authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1873" box="[270,452,1507,1531]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Androctonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scrobiculosus">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6566DD37F744269DFE21FA5C" box="[270,452,1507,1531]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">O. scrobiculosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are in need of re-evaluation. Some of those taxa were already revised and restored to species status, such as 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6566DD37F725255DFD57F99C" authority="(Kessler, 1874)" baseAuthorityName="Kessler" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[367,690,1571,1595]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthochirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanurus">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6566DD37F725255DFDE6F99C" box="[367,515,1571,1595]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">O. melanurus</emphasis>
(Kessler, 1874)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6566DD37F4A0255DFEA9F9FC" authority="(Birula, 1903)" baseAuthorityName="Birula" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthochirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persa">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6566DD37F4A0255DFF4BF9FC" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">O. persa</emphasis>
(Birula, 1903)
</taxonomicName>
from Central Asia (
<bibRefCitation id="F5674CAF6566DD37F455253DFD1CF9FC" author="KOVARIK" box="[543,761,1603,1630]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 73" refId="ref3947" refString="KOVARIK, F., V. FET &amp; E. A. YAGMUR. 2020. Further review of Orthochirus Karsch, 1892 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Asia: taxonomic position of O. melanurus, O. persa, O. scrobiculosus, and description of six new species. Euscorpius, 318: 1 - 73." type="journal article" year="2020">KovařÍk et al., 2020</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9149315E6566DD37F6E9251AFEF2F85C" blockId="14.[115,773,1219,2043]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
Although the type locality of 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6566DD37F7B1251AFCE0F9DC" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1881" box="[507,773,1635,1659]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6566DD37F7B1251AFCE0F9DC" box="[507,773,1635,1659]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Orthodactylus olivaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
remains undefined, the name itself is a perfectly available synonym. After our analysis of the 
<typeStatus id="4E4D8FFC6566DD37F7A625DAFDA9F91C" box="[492,588,1699,1723]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, we consider this name valid as 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6566DD37F75D25BAFD5CF97C" authority="(Karsch, 1881)" baseAuthorityName="Karsch" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[279,697,1731,1755]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthochirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6566DD37F75D25BAFDECF97C" box="[279,521,1731,1755]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Orthochirus olivaceus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F5674CAF6566DD37F45025BAFD55F97C" author="KARSCH" box="[538,688,1731,1755]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="89 - 91" refId="ref3752" refString="KARSCH, F. 1881. Uebersicht der europaischen Skorpione. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 25: 89 - 91." type="journal article" year="1881">Karsch, 1881</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and a senior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6566DD37F70C259AFD43F95C" authority="Simon, 1882" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1882" box="[326,678,1763,1787]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Butheolus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aristidis">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6566DD37F70C259AFDF5F95C" box="[326,528,1763,1787]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Butheolus aristidis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F5674CAF6566DD37F453259AFD43F95C" author="SIMON" box="[537,678,1763,1787]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="207 - 260" refId="ref4266" refString="SIMON, E. 1882. Viaggio ad Assab nel Mar Rosso, dei signori G. Doria ed O. Beccari con il R. Avviso ' Esploratore' dal 16 Novembre 1879 al 26 Febbraio 1880. II. Etude sur les Arachnides de l'Yemen meridional. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 18: 207 - 260." type="journal article" year="1882">Simon, 1882</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8B150376566DD37F4F8259AFD18F95C" box="[690,765,1763,1787]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6566DD37F4F8259AFD3CF95C" bold="true" box="[690,729,1763,1787]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">syn</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6566DD37F4A2259AFD12F95C" bold="true" box="[744,759,1763,1787]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, which was described from Nubia on the 
<collectingCountry id="E9E171CE6566DD37F462247AFD8DF8BC" box="[552,616,1795,1819]" name="Egypt" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Egypt</collectingCountry>
/ 
<collectingCountry id="E9E171CE6566DD37F43A247AFD57F8BC" box="[624,690,1795,1819]" name="Sudan" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Sudan</collectingCountry>
border. The latter species was addressed in several publications dealing with North African scorpion fauna, most recently by Lourenço &amp; Leguin (2011). Following Vachon (1949, 1952), they clearly distinguished 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6566DD37F7C524FDFDEDF83C" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1882" box="[399,520,1923,1947]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Butheolus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aristidis">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6566DD37F7C524FDFDEDF83C" box="[399,520,1923,1947]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">O. aristidis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from another Egyptian species, 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6566DD37F69D24DDFE01F81C" authority="Simon, 1910" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1910" box="[215,484,1955,1979]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthochirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innesi">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6566DD37F69D24DDFEA7F81C" box="[215,322,1956,1979]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">O. innesi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F5674CAF6566DD37F71824DAFE01F81C" author="SIMON" box="[338,484,1955,1979]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="57 - 87" refId="ref4330" refString="SIMON, E. 1910. Revision des scorpions d'Egypte. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique d'Egypte, 1910: 57 - 87." type="journal article" year="1910">Simon, 1910</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(described from Cairo). However, the detailed analysis of North African 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6566DD37F4C824BAFCE1F87C" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1892" box="[642,772,1987,2011]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthochirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6566DD37F4C824BAFCE1F87C" box="[642,772,1987,2011]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Orthochirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is still pending.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9EC62D56566DD37F57827BAFC02FAFC" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9149315E6566DD37F57827BAFC02FAFC" blockId="14.[818,1476,1219,1371]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
DISTRIBUTION. Based on studied specimens, we can confirm distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6566DD37F59F279AFB23FB5C" baseAuthorityName="Karsch" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[981,1222,1251,1275]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthochirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6566DD37F59F279AFB23FB5C" box="[981,1222,1251,1275]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Orthochirus olivaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in northern 
<collectingCountry id="E9E171CE6566DD37F31B279AFA71FB5C" box="[1361,1428,1251,1275]" name="Sudan" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Sudan</collectingCountry>
and southern 
<collectingCountry id="E9E171CE6566DD37F5DD267DFC32FABB" box="[919,983,1284,1308]" name="Egypt" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Egypt</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="09CD2DDB6566DD37F5A3267AFBD9FABC" box="[1001,1084,1283,1307]" captionStart="Figure 41" captionStartId="14.[115,181,1158,1180]" captionTargetBox="[113,1474,238,1145]" captionTargetId="figure-387@14.[113,1474,238,1145]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 41. Confirmed distribution of Orthochirus olivaceus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4648764/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
). All other populations from Africa cited in literature under 
<taxonomicName id="56F64ADD6566DD37F217265DFB3AFA9C" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1882" box="[1117,1247,1315,1339]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Butheolus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aristidis">
<emphasis id="A382ED4C6566DD37F217265DFB3AFA9C" box="[1117,1247,1315,1339]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">O. aristidis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
probably represent different species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>