503 lines
58 KiB
XML
503 lines
58 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E680B7C144205BB85E7C4E6E5CA8713E">New genera and species of deep-sea Goniasteridae (Asteroidea) from the North Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6822E9B1DCE0BE6E5C1FB7F07D5729BF">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E464A27090E0626076851132BC81B2DC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3482BCE2167567BCF69C7E7B7A54D417">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="ACC69F9DA52F7EC46018FF1EF799019C">2024-12-05</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="C37BD881FFBCC360FF77294852B94666" box="[151,504,1793,1820]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFFBCC360FF77294852B94666" blockId="33.[151,504,1793,1855]" box="[151,504,1793,1820]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">
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<heading id="D0963C66FFBCC360FF77294852B94666" bold="true" box="[151,504,1793,1820]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FFBCC360FF77294852B94666" ID-CoL="4X6FF" authority="Mah 2016" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2016" box="[151,504,1793,1820]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Sibogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nieseni">
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<emphasis id="B9155718FFBCC360FF77294852B94666" bold="true" box="[151,504,1793,1820]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">
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<emphasis id="B9155718FFBCC360FF77294852354666" bold="true" box="[151,372,1793,1820]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">Sibogaster nieseni</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF0F6FBFFBCC360FE9B294852B94666" author="Mah, C. L." box="[379,504,1793,1819]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" pagination="101 - 141" refId="ref22226" refString="Mah, C. L. (2016) Deep-sea (> 1000 m) Goniasteridae (Valvatida; Asteroidea) from the North Pacific, including an overview of Sibogaster, Bathyceramaster n. gen. and three new species. Zootaxa, 4175 (2), 101 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4175.2.1" type="journal article" year="2016">Mah 2016</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37BD881FFBCC360FF77296C52F84642" box="[151,441,1829,1855]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFFBCC360FF77296C52F84642" blockId="33.[151,504,1793,1855]" box="[151,441,1829,1855]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">
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<figureCitation id="135A978FFFBCC360FF77296C52204642" box="[151,353,1829,1855]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-15@39.[151,1435,181,1791]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 18. Evoplosoma anguirus n. sp. holotype. A. Holotype observed in situ on prey item (Isididae). B. Other side of specimen showing stomach extended. Distance between lasers = 10.0 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14386844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14386844/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">FIGURES 18A–F</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="135A978FFFBCC360FE8C296C52F84642" box="[364,441,1829,1855]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[234,1353,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-24@40.[234,1353,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 19. Sibogaster spp. A. Sibogaster bathyheuretor Mah 2020. MCZ AST-154360, North Pacific, 2843 m. Remaining are S. nieseni, B. Mozart Seamount, Musicians Seamounts, North Pacific, 3810.2 m. C. WAM Z100641, Western Australia, 2519.9 m. D. Wrapped around sponge stalk, Hawaiian Islands, 2411.9 m (R/V Nautilus). E. Johnston Atoll region, North Pacific, 3066 m. F. Mozart Seamount, Musicians Seamounts, North Pacific, 3830 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14386848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14386848/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">19B–F</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37BD881FFBCC360FF772923506946FF" box="[151,808,1898,1922]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFFBCC360FF772923506946FF" blockId="33.[151,808,1898,1922]" box="[151,808,1898,1922]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB71AC24FFBCC360FF772923506946FF" box="[151,808,1898,1922]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC0AD1BFFBCC360FF77292352B446FF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6055262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6055262" author="Mah, C. L." box="[151,501,1898,1922]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/953787B9FF90FFCC5CF0FDD181C7FA88" page="136" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" year="2016">
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<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FFBCC360FF77292352B446FF" ID-CoL="4X6FF" authority="Mah 2016: 136" authorityName="Mah" authorityPageNumber="136" authorityYear="2016" box="[151,501,1898,1922]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Sibogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nieseni">
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<emphasis id="B9155718FFBCC360FF772923521346FC" box="[151,338,1898,1922]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">Sibogaster nieseni</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF0F6FBFFBCC360FEB8292352B446FF" author="Mah, C. L." box="[344,501,1898,1922]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" pagination="101 - 141" refId="ref22226" refString="Mah, C. L. (2016) Deep-sea (> 1000 m) Goniasteridae (Valvatida; Asteroidea) from the North Pacific, including an overview of Sibogaster, Bathyceramaster n. gen. and three new species. Zootaxa, 4175 (2), 101 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4175.2.1" type="journal article" year="2016">Mah 2016: 136</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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,
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||
<figureCitation id="135A978FFFBCC360FE1F2923513A46FF" box="[511,635,1898,1922]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1513,1537]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1489]" captionTargetId="figure-24@32.[151,1436,181,1489]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 11. Sibogaster nieseni Mah 2016. A–B. Abactinal, oral view of MCZ 37220 Galapagos Islands C.–D. Abactinal, oral view of NMST-E-13680, East off Mukojima, Japan. Scale bar=10.0 mm: A; Scale bar=5.0 mm; C; Scale bar=3.0 mm: B, D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14386818" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14386818/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">Figs 11A–E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="135A978FFFBCC360FD652923518E46FF" box="[645,719,1898,1922]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1651,1675]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1627]" captionTargetId="figure-15@33.[151,1436,181,1627]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 12. Ahuastra and Ceramaster palmyra observed in situ. A. Ahuastra kupanaha nov. gen. nov. sp. in situ, showing apparent feeding. B. Ceramaster palmyra n. sp. in situ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14386822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14386822/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">12A–E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="135A978FFFBCC360FD392923506546FF" box="[729,804,1898,1922]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1914,1938]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,669,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-236@34.[151,1436,669,1891]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 13. Bathyceramaster smithi (Fisher 1913) feeding on glass sponges. A–B. Feeding on Waltheria sp. Teutana Seamount, 1317.7 m. C–D. Feeding on Farrea sp. Winslow reef Area, 1374.8 m. No scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14386826" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14386826/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">13A–E</figureCitation>
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.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37BD881FFBCC363FF7729F9579543F8" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="485" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFFBCC360FF7729F9519F46B7" blockId="33.[151,734,1968,1994]" box="[151,734,1968,1994]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">
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<emphasis id="B9155718FFBCC360FF7729F9519F46B7" bold="true" box="[151,734,1968,1994]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">Diagnosis (Modified from original description)</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFFBFC363FF772EDE579543F8" blockId="34.[151,1437,150,645]" pageId="34" pageNumber="485">
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Body stellate (R/r=1.88 to 3.0), arms elongate, triangular in shape. Interradial arcs curved to linear.
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<emphasis id="B9155718FFBFC363FAC82EDF57974060" bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="485">Abactinal plates round to polygonal, homogenous, flat and smooth with no surficial accessories (no granules, etc.). Each plate periphery surrounded by discrete ring of granules, 20–25, each oval to quadrate in outline, granules large occupying 25–30% of the total diameter of granule+plate. Glassy tubercles absent.</emphasis>
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Papulae 3–6 per plate present at plate angles. Marginal plates 24–36 per interradius. Surface of each plate flattened, smooth, flat devoid of surficial accessories. Inferomarginal plates bare on lateral surface adjacent to superomarginals, but actinal surface covered by granules. Actinal intermediate regions covered by granules, 8–30, hemispherical to pointed. Pedicellariae variably present or absent on abactinal, marginal and actinal plate surfaces. Pedicellariae small (~
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<quantity id="4C9926EFFFBFC363FA892FDB53FC40AC" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="34" pageNumber="485" unit="cm" value="0.25">0.25 cm</quantity>
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), tong-like with blunt, paddle-like blades, inset into a shallow pit. Furrow spines 6–10, mostly 7 to 8, quadrate in cross-section with blunt tips. Subambulacral spines 3–5, round to polygonal in cross-section with variable morphology in Atlantic versus Pacific individuals.
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<emphasis id="B9155718FFBFC363FD3A2FB7507543F9" bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="485">Adambulacral pedicellariae one or two, elongate, tong-like in shape, thick with complementing valves, taller than furrow spines. Pedicellariae elongate valves, variably present on adambulacral plates sitting adjacent to subambulacral spines, occurring irregularly from the third adambulacral and distally along the furrow series.</emphasis>
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Oral plates with 8–10 furrow spines.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF1EDB82FFBFC363FF772933577146CA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14386826" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14386826" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14386826/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="485" startId="34.[151,250,1914,1938]" targetBox="[151,1436,669,1891]" targetPageId="34" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFFBFC363FF772933577146CA" blockId="34.[151,1436,1914,1975]" pageId="34" pageNumber="485">
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<emphasis id="B9155718FFBFC363FF77293350AA46EE" bold="true" box="[151,1003,1914,1939]" pageId="34" pageNumber="485">
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FIGURE 13.
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<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FFBFC363FECF2933518846EF" authority="(Fisher 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Fisher" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[303,713,1914,1938]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Bathyceramaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="485" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="smithi">
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<emphasis id="B9155718FFBFC363FECF2933516D46EF" bold="true" box="[303,556,1914,1938]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="485">Bathyceramaster smithi</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF0F6FBFFBFC363FDDD2933518346EF" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[573,706,1914,1938]" pageId="34" pageNumber="485" pagination="201 - 224" refId="ref21140" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1913) New starfishes from the Philippine Islands, Celebes, and the Moluccas. Proceedings of the Untied States National Museum, 46, 201 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.46 - 2022.201" type="journal article" year="1913">Fisher 1913</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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feeding on glass sponges.
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</emphasis>
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A–B. Feeding on
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<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FFBFC363FB582932560246EF" box="[1208,1347,1915,1939]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Waltheria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="34" pageNumber="485" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B9155718FFBFC363FB582932565A46EE" box="[1208,1307,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="485">Waltheria</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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Teutana Seamount, 1317.7 m. C–D. Feeding on
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<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FFBFC363FDCA29D651D546CB" box="[554,660,1951,1974]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Farreidae" genus="Farrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sceptrulophora" pageId="34" pageNumber="485" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B9155718FFBFC363FDCA29D6513046CB" box="[554,625,1951,1974]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="485">Farrea</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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Winslow reef Area, 1374.8 m. No scale.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF1EDB82FFBEC362FF772B615615443D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14386828" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14386828" box="[151,1364,1319,1344]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14386828/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" startId="35.[151,250,1320,1344]" targetBox="[151,1436,198,1296]" targetPageId="35" targetType="figure">
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||
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFFBEC362FF772B615615443D" blockId="35.[151,1364,1319,1344]" box="[151,1364,1319,1344]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">
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||
<emphasis id="B9155718FFBEC362FF772B6151B5443D" bold="true" box="[151,756,1319,1344]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">
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FIGURE 14.
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<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FFBEC362FEC62B6E514B443D" box="[294,522,1319,1344]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Bathyceramaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B9155718FFBEC362FEC62B6E52964442" bold="true" box="[294,471,1319,1343]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">Bathyceramaster</emphasis>
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spp.
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</taxonomicName>
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feeding observations.
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</emphasis>
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A–C. Stalked crinoid. D. Glass sponge predation. No scale.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C37BD881FFBEC362FF772BDB57A446FD" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFFBEC362FF772BDB52D444D1" blockId="35.[151,405,1426,1452]" box="[151,405,1426,1452]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">
|
||
<heading id="D0963C66FFBEC362FF772BDB52D444D1" bold="true" box="[151,405,1426,1452]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="B9155718FFBEC362FF772BDB52D444D1" bold="true" box="[151,405,1426,1452]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">
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||
<collectingRegion id="49A545E8FFBEC362FF772BDB525A44D1" box="[151,283,1426,1452]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">Galapagos</collectingRegion>
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variation
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFFBEC362FF772B9350E447D5" blockId="35.[151,1437,1498,1705]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">
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A specimen from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A545E8FFBEC362FE9F2B9351084489" box="[383,585,1498,1524]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">Galapagos Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
showed variation largely tied to the adambulacral spination and pedicellariae. This specimen was
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7013CFFFBEC362FE9B2BB752CF4764" box="[379,398,1534,1561]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">R</collectionCode>
|
||
=5.3 and smaller than most individuals used for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DA35A8FFBEC362FC092BB657584764" box="[1001,1049,1535,1561]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series. Actinal pedicellariae were tong-like in shape with 1 to 5 small pedicellariae present per interradius, comparable tin size to the adjacent actinal granules. Furrow spines were fewer, 3 to 7, blunt tipped, quadrate in cross-section with subambulacral spines 4 to 6, single elongate.Adambulacral plates with tong-like pedicellariae on each plate, valves rectangular. Adambulacral plates displayed many more pedicellariae than on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DA35A8FFBEC362FD1128C6506047D4" box="[753,801,1679,1705]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFFBEC362FF7728B351AF4669" blockId="35.[151,750,1786,1812]" box="[151,750,1786,1812]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">
|
||
<heading id="D0963C66FFBEC362FF7728B351AF4669" bold="true" box="[151,750,1786,1812]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FFBEC362FF7728B351AF4669" bold="true" box="[151,750,1786,1812]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">Variation in North Pacific (Japanese) specimens</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFFBEC362FF77290B57A446FD" blockId="35.[151,1436,1858,1921]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">
|
||
NSMT E13675 displays numerous small, narrow paddle-shaped pedicellariae on superomarginal and inferomarginal plate surfaces. Furrow spines
|
||
<quantity id="4C9926EFFFBEC362FE05292F511146FD" box="[485,592,1894,1921]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.413" metricValueMax="2.54" metricValueMin="2.286" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" unit="in" value="9.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="9.0">9 to 10 in</quantity>
|
||
straight series, quadrate in cross-section with notched tips.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF1EDB82FFB9C365FF77293C53F34684" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14386830" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14386830" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14386830/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" startId="36.[151,250,1909,1933]" targetBox="[189,1399,181,1886]" targetPageId="36" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFFB9C365FF77293C53F34684" blockId="36.[151,1437,1909,2041]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FFB9C365FF77293C500046F0" bold="true" box="[151,833,1909,1934]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">
|
||
FIGURE 15.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FFB9C365FECB293F511946F3" authority="Mah 2006" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2006" box="[299,600,1909,1934]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pullus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FFB9C365FECB293F52A146F0" bold="true" box="[299,480,1909,1934]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Circeaster pullus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0F6FBFFB9C365FE09293F511946F3" author="Mah, C. L." box="[489,600,1910,1934]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" pagination="917 - 954" refId="ref22084" refString="Mah, C. L. (2006) Phylogeny and biogeography of the deep-sea goniasterid, Circeaster (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) including descriptions of six new species. Zoosystema, 28 (4), 917 - 954." type="journal article" year="2006">Mah 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
feeding observations
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. A–B. Feeding on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FFB9C365FBEA293F571746F3" box="[1034,1110,1910,1934]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FFB9C365FBEA293F571746F3" box="[1034,1110,1910,1934]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Narella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FFB9C365FB87293F565746F3" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1883" box="[1127,1302,1910,1934]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Chrysogorgiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Santa Rosa North 467.3 m, Lasers on B are 10 cm apart, others lacking scale. C. On bamboo coral, Lone Cone, 1543.8 m. D. On bamboo coral, Unamed Seamount, 1605.8 m E. Johnson Atoll site 1, 520 m. F. feeding on bamboo coral, Johnston Atoll region, 1582 m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF1EDB82FFB8C364FF7728BC52FB4628" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14386834" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14386834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14386834/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="488" startId="37.[151,250,1781,1805]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1757]" targetPageId="37" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFFB8C364FF7728BC52FB4628" blockId="37.[151,1437,1781,1877]" pageId="37" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FFB8C364FF7728BC50724670" bold="true" box="[151,819,1781,1805]" pageId="37" pageNumber="488">
|
||
FIGURE 16.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FFB8C364FEC628BC51084670" authority="Mah 2006" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2006" box="[294,585,1781,1805]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="37" pageNumber="488" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pullus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FFB8C364FEC628BC52994670" bold="true" box="[294,472,1781,1805]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="488">Circeaster pullus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0F6FBFFB8C364FE3E28BC51084670" author="Mah, C. L." box="[478,585,1781,1805]" pageId="37" pageNumber="488" pagination="917 - 954" refId="ref22084" refString="Mah, C. L. (2006) Phylogeny and biogeography of the deep-sea goniasterid, Circeaster (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) including descriptions of six new species. Zoosystema, 28 (4), 917 - 954." type="journal article" year="2006">Mah 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
feeding observations.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A.Feeding on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FFB8C364FC2728BC575B4670" box="[967,1050,1781,1805]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="37" pageNumber="488" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Isididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Johnston Atoll, 492 m. B–C. Feeding on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FFB8C364FF56295052C3464C" authority=", Santa Rosa" authorityName="Santa Rosa" box="[182,386,1817,1841]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="37" pageNumber="488" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Isididae, Santa Rosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
North site, 467.3 m. Lasers are 10 cm apart. D. Feeding? on stoloniferous soft corals, Sibelius Seamount, 2489 m. Lasers=10cm apart.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF1EDB82FFBBC367FF772811514147E9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14386840" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14386840" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14386840/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" startId="38.[151,250,1624,1648]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1600]" targetPageId="38" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFFBBC367FF772811514147E9" blockId="38.[151,1437,1624,1685]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FFBBC367FF772811512A470D" bold="true" box="[151,619,1624,1649]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">
|
||
FIGURE 17.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FFBBC367FEC928115127470D" authority="Mah 2006" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2006" box="[297,614,1624,1649]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sandrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FFBBC367FEC9281152AE470D" bold="true" box="[297,495,1624,1648]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Circeaster sandrae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0F6FBFFBBC367FE1728105127470D" author="Mah, C. L." box="[503,614,1624,1649]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" pagination="917 - 954" refId="ref22084" refString="Mah, C. L. (2006) Phylogeny and biogeography of the deep-sea goniasterid, Circeaster (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) including descriptions of six new species. Zoosystema, 28 (4), 917 - 954." type="journal article" year="2006">Mah 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A–B. Feeding on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FFBBC367FCCC2810577B470D" authority=", Karin Ridge" authorityName="Karin Ridge" box="[812,1082,1624,1648]" class="Anthozoa" family="Victorgorgiidae" genus="Victorgorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FFBBC367FCCC281050EA470D" box="[812,939,1625,1648]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Victorgorgia</emphasis>
|
||
, Karin Ridge
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1680.4 m, Scale bar=~5.0 cm. C. Occurrence, Baker Island, 674.3 m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37BD881FFBBC368FF7728AF514B4340" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="492" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFFBBC367FF7728AF525F467D" blockId="38.[151,286,1766,1792]" box="[151,286,1766,1792]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<heading id="D0963C66FFBBC367FF7728AF525F467D" bold="true" box="[151,286,1766,1792]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FFBBC367FF7728AF525F467D" bold="true" box="[151,286,1766,1792]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Comments</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFFBBC367FF77296652FF46C8" blockId="38.[151,1437,1839,1973]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FFBBC367FF77296652244635" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2016" box="[151,357,1839,1865]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Sibogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nieseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FFBBC367FF77296652244635" box="[151,357,1839,1865]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Sibogaster nieseni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from material collected in the tropical Atlantic and the North Pacific, below
|
||
<quantity id="4C9926EFFFBBC367FA84296653EC4610" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
|
||
depth. Subsequent collections add to knowledge of this species’ presence at comparable depths throughout the Pacific and especially the Indian Ocean and indicating that it is widely occurring throughout bathyal and deeper settings (
|
||
<quantity id="4C9926EFFFBBC367FF1C29D252F346C8" box="[252,434,1946,1973]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" unit="m" value="3000.0" valueMax="5000.0" valueMin="1000.0">1000 to 5000 m</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1EDB82FFBAC366FF77295E50C2462E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14386844" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14386844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14386844/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" startId="39.[151,250,1815,1839]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1791]" targetPageId="39" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFFBAC366FF77295E50C2462E" blockId="39.[151,1436,1815,1876]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FFBAC366FF77295E51FF464D" bold="true" box="[151,702,1815,1840]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">
|
||
FIGURE 18.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FFBAC366FECA295E5151464D" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2024" box="[298,528,1815,1840]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Evoplosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="anguirus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FFBAC366FECA295E5151464D" bold="true" box="[298,528,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">Evoplosoma anguirus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A226EA63FFBAC366FDF829515112464D" box="[536,595,1816,1840]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
holotype.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A. Holotype observed
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FFBAC366FC51295150B34652" box="[945,1010,1816,1839]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
on prey item (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FFBAC366FB6D295157A2464D" box="[1165,1251,1816,1840]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Isididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). B. Other side of specimen showing stomach extended. Distance between lasers = 10.0 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF1EDB82FFB5C369FF77293C50DC4685" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14386848" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14386848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14386848/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="491" startId="40.[151,250,1909,1933]" targetBox="[234,1353,181,1884]" targetPageId="40" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFFB5C369FF77293C50DC4685" blockId="40.[151,1437,1908,2041]" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FFB5C369FF77293C526046F0" bold="true" box="[151,289,1909,1933]" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">FIGURE 19.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FFB5C369FEC8293D52A446F0" box="[296,485,1908,1933]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Sibogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="40" pageNumber="491" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undefined-A">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FFB5C369FEC8293D528B46F0" bold="true" box="[296,458,1908,1933]" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FFB5C369FEC8293D52D746F1" bold="true" box="[296,406,1908,1932]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">Sibogaster</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FFB5C369FE10293C502346F0" authority="Mah 2020" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2020" box="[496,866,1909,1933]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Sibogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="40" pageNumber="491" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bathyheuretor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FFB5C369FE10293C51B246F0" box="[496,755,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">Sibogaster bathyheuretor</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0F6FBFFB5C369FD1A293C502346F0" author="Mah, C. L." box="[762,866,1909,1933]" pageId="40" pageNumber="491" pagination="201 - 260" refId="ref22341" refString="Mah, C. L. (2020) New Species, Occurrence Records and Observations of Predation by Deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer. Zootaxa, 4766 (2), 201 - 260. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4766.2.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Mah 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. MCZ AST-154360, North Pacific, 2843 m. Remaining are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FFB5C369FF5F29D051BB46CC" authority=", B. Mozart Seamount, Musicians Seamounts" authorityName="B. Mozart Seamount, Musicians Seamounts" box="[191,762,1945,1969]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Sibogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="40" pageNumber="491" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nieseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FFB5C369FF5F29D0526346CC" box="[191,290,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">S. nieseni</emphasis>
|
||
, B. Mozart Seamount, Musicians Seamounts
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, North Pacific, 3810.2 m. C. WAM Z100641, Western Australia, 2519.9 m. D. Wrapped around sponge stalk, Hawaiian Islands, 2411.9 m (R/V
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FFB5C369FC4729F450BC46A8" box="[935,1021,1981,2005]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Nautilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="40" pageNumber="491" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FFB5C369FC4729F450BC46A8" box="[935,1021,1981,2005]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">Nautilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). E. Johnston Atoll region, North Pacific, 3066 m. F. Mozart Seamount, Musicians Seamounts, North Pacific, 3830 m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFFB4C368FF272EDE514B4340" blockId="41.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">
|
||
The widespread distribution of this species invites questions regarding the extent of variation in morphology as well as ecology. Although variation was observed, the overall appearance of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FFB4C368FBF42EF257A341A9" box="[1044,1250,187,213]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Sibogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nieseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FFB4C368FBF42EF257A341A9" box="[1044,1250,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Sibogaster nieseni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found to be surprisingly consistent. Abactinal, marginal and actinal surfaces as well as overall body shape (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7013CFFFB4C368FB5B2E96578E4184" box="[1211,1231,223,249]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">R</collectionCode>
|
||
/r=1.8 to 3.0), arm and disk shape were similar, especially at relatively large (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7013CFFFB4C368FCF02F4A50624060" box="[784,803,259,285]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">R</collectionCode>
|
||
>2.0 cm) sizes. Only one goniasterid species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FFB4C368FAF62F4A5285403C" authority="(Parelius, 1768)" baseAuthorityName="Parelius" baseAuthorityYear="1768" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Hippasteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="phrygiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FFB4C368FAF62F4A524B403C" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Hippasteria phrygiana</emphasis>
|
||
(Parelius, 1768)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known to show a comparably widespread distribution with individuals recorded from the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Ocean (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0F6FBFFB4C368FD8B2F0250734018" author="Foltz, D. & Fatland, S. & Eleaume, M. & Markello, K. & Howell, K. & Neil, K. & Mah, C." box="[619,818,331,357]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" pagination="1285 - 1296" refId="ref21248" refString="Foltz, D., Fatland, S., Eleaume, M., Markello, K., Howell, K., Neil, K. & Mah, C. (2013) Global population divergence of the sea star Hippasteria phrygiana corresponds to onset of the last glacial period of the Pleistocene. Marine Biology, 160 (5), 1285 - 1296. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00227 - 013 - 2180 - 1" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Foltz
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FFB4C368FD512F0251A44018" box="[689,741,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0F6FBFFB4C368FCA12F0257404018" author="Mah, C. L. & Neill, K. & Eleaume, M. & Foltz, D." box="[833,1025,331,357]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" pagination="422 - 456" refId="ref22659" refString="Mah, C. L., Neill, K., Eleaume, M. & Foltz, D. (2014) New Species and global revision of Hippasteria (Hippasterinae: Goniasteridae; Asteroidea; Echinodermata). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 171, 422 - 456. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12131" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Mah
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FFB4C368FC9F2F0250F24018" box="[895,947,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Morphology in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FFB4C368FB2E2F0256274018" baseAuthorityName="Parelius" baseAuthorityYear="1768" box="[1230,1382,331,357]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Hippasteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="phrygiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FFB4C368FB2E2F0256274018" box="[1230,1382,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">H. phrygiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was highly variable, so much so that multiple species were recognized across its range. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FFB4C368FB2C2F2656DD40F5" box="[1228,1436,367,393]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Sibogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nieseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FFB4C368FB2C2F2656DD40F5" box="[1228,1436,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Sibogaster nieseni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FFB4C368FF262FDA528440D0" baseAuthorityName="Parelius" baseAuthorityYear="1768" box="[198,453,403,429]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Hippasteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="phrygiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FFB4C368FF262FDA528440D0" box="[198,453,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Hippasteria phrygiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occur at different bathymetric settings,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9926EFFFB4C368FC612FDA576340D0" box="[897,1058,402,429]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4074999999999998" metricValueMax="4.175" metricValueMin="0.64" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" unit="m" value="2407.5" valueMax="4175.0" valueMin="640.0">640 to 4175 m</quantity>
|
||
versus
|
||
<quantity id="4C9926EFFFB4C368FB962FDA564840D0" box="[1142,1289,403,429]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.154999999999999" metricValueMax="12.209999999999999" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" unit="m" value="615.5" valueMax="1221.0" valueMin="10.0">10 to 1221 m</quantity>
|
||
respectively, dictating different environmental influences on their respective morphologies.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FFB4C368FC1C2FFE573340AC" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1924" box="[1020,1138,439,465]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Sibogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Sibogaster</taxonomicName>
|
||
nieseni’s overall life mode and observed presence on soft bottoms might suggest more similarity with other widely-occurring deep-sea asteroid species, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FFB4C368FEAF2FB651294364" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1883" box="[335,616,511,537]" class="Asteroidea" family="Porcellanasteridae" genus="Porcellanaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caeruleus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FFB4C368FEAF2FB651294364" box="[335,616,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Porcellanaster caeruleus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which is cosmopolitan between
|
||
<quantity id="4C9926EFFFB4C368FC362FB757C44364" box="[982,1157,510,537]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5965" metricValueMax="6.035" metricValueMin="1.158" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" unit="m" value="3596.5" valueMax="6035.0" valueMin="1158.0">1158 to 6035 m</quantity>
|
||
(most collected between
|
||
<quantity id="4C9926EFFFB4C368FF772C6A52084340" box="[151,329,547,573]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" unit="m" value="2300.0" valueMax="3000.0" valueMin="1600.0">1600 to 3000 m</quantity>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0F6FBFFB4C368FE802C6A52BC4340" author="Madsen, J." box="[352,509,547,573]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" pagination="33 - 174" refId="ref22055" refString="Madsen, J. (1961) The Porcellanasteridae, a monographic revision of an abyssal group of sea-stars. Galathea Report, 4, 33 - 174." type="journal article" year="1961">Madsen 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37BD881FFB4C368FF772CC7500342B4" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFFB4C368FF772CC7527143D5" blockId="41.[151,304,654,680]" box="[151,304,654,680]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FFB4C368FF772CC7527143D5" bold="true" box="[151,304,654,680]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFFB4C368FF772C9E50EF4244" blockId="41.[151,1437,727,969]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FFB4C368FF772C9E527A438C" box="[151,315,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">North Pacific.</emphasis>
|
||
Taney Seamounts B and C, “NESCA” Clam sites (North Pacific), Patton Seamount and Patton Escarpment, Cascadia Plain, west of Cortez Bank, Hawaiian Islands and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F376CB9AFFB4C368FBEB2CB257F44268" box="[1035,1205,763,789]" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Johnston Atoll</collectingCountry>
|
||
regions, Musicians Seamount,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F376CB9AFFB4C368FEF52D5652144244" box="[277,341,799,825]" name="Japan" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4C9926EFFFB4C368FE832D5751424244" box="[355,515,798,825]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0235" metricValueMax="3.45" metricValueMin="2.597" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" unit="m" value="3023.5" valueMax="3450.0" valueMin="2597.0">2597–3450 m</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A545E8FFB4C368FDF72D5651314244" box="[535,624,799,825]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Celebes</collectingRegion>
|
||
Sea,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F376CB9AFFB4C368FD4D2D56505C4244" box="[685,797,799,825]" name="Indonesia" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 2100–4175.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFFB4C368FF272D0A517F4220" blockId="41.[151,1437,727,969]" box="[199,574,835,861]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FFB4C368FF272D0A520E4220" box="[199,335,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">East Pacific</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A545E8FFB4C368FEBD2D0A52974220" box="[349,470,835,861]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Galapagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9926EFFFB4C368FE012D0A51784220" box="[481,569,835,861]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0119999999999996" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" unit="m" value="3012.0">3012 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFFB4C368FF272D2E570842D8" blockId="41.[151,1437,727,969]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FFB4C368FF272D2E51AC42FC" box="[199,749,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Australian Occurrence (mostly Indian Ocean).</emphasis>
|
||
Western Australia, Ningaloo, Gascoyne Marine Preserve, Balthazar Seamount off
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F376CB9AFFB4C368FE482DC2512642D8" box="[424,615,907,933]" name="Christmas Island" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Christmas Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, off Fraser Island, Queensland. 2106–3747
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFFB4C368FF272DE6500342B4" blockId="41.[151,1437,727,969]" box="[199,834,943,969]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FFB4C368FF272DE652CD42B4" box="[199,396,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Tropical Atlantic.</emphasis>
|
||
off coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F376CB9AFFB4C368FDF82DE651D742B4" box="[536,662,943,969]" name="Mauritania" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Mauritania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9926EFFFB4C368FD412DE6507F42B4" box="[673,830,943,969]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.638" metricValueMax="3.162" metricValueMin="2.114" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" unit="m" value="2638.0" valueMax="3162.0" valueMin="2114.0">2114–3162 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37BD881FFB4C368FF772A5357BB4774" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFFB4C368FF772A5352CA4549" blockId="41.[151,395,1050,1076]" box="[151,395,1050,1076]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<heading id="D0963C66FFB4C368FF772A5352CA4549" bold="true" box="[151,395,1050,1076]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FFB4C368FF772A5352CA4549" bold="true" box="[151,395,1050,1076]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Material Examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFFB4C368FF772A2A504345DC" blockId="41.[151,1437,1122,1545]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B098157FFB4C368FF772A2A51BE45DC" collectingDate="1925-04-14" collectionCode="MCZ" collectorName="Arcturus Oceanographic Expedition" country="Ecuador" elevation="3012" location="Albemarle Island" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" specimenCode="MCZ AST-3722" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Galapagos">
|
||
East Pacific.
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC72371FFB4C368FEC42A2A52964500" box="[292,471,1123,1149]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">MCZ AST-3722</specimenCode>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A545E8FFB4C368FE3B2A2A51154500" box="[475,596,1123,1149]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Galapagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F376CB9AFFB4C368FDBC2A2A51FA4500" box="[604,699,1123,1149]" name="Ecuador" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A6C9228FFB4C368FD232A2B50644500" bearing="0.0" box="[707,805,1122,1149]" distance="8046.72" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<quantity id="4C9926EFFFB4C368FD232A2B51B24500" box="[707,755,1122,1149]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.04672" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" unit="mi" value="5.0">5 mi</quantity>
|
||
N of
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
<location id="8EBEDDD1FFB4C368FCC82A2A50A84500" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C83A1CFFBCC368FF77294857BB4774:8EBEDDD1FFB4C368FCC82A2A50A84500" box="[808,1001,1123,1149]" country="Ecuador" name="Albemarle Island" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" stateProvince="Galapagos">Albemarle Island</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9926EFFFB4C368FC112A2A57044500" box="[1009,1093,1123,1149]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0119999999999996" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" unit="m" value="3012.0">
|
||
<elevation id="004C6C39FFB4C368FC112A2A57044500" box="[1009,1093,1123,1149]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0119999999999996" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" unit="m" value="3012.0">3012 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, Coll.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FFB4C368FB692A2A525145DC" authority="Oceanographic Expedition" authorityName="Oceanographic Expedition" class="Malacostraca" family="Arcturidae" genus="Arcturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FFB4C368FB692A2A525145DC" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<collectorName id="2694EEDCFFB4C368FB692A2A525145DC" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Arcturus Oceanographic Expedition</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFDFADCAFFB4C368FEFE2ACE52FC45DC" box="[286,445,1158,1185]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" value="1925-04-14">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9B5422FFB4C368FEFE2ACE52FC45DC" box="[286,445,1158,1185]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" value="1925-04-14">14 April 1925</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 1 dry spec. R=5.3 r=
|
||
<quantity id="4C9926EFFFB4C368FD4F2ACE51BE45DC" box="[687,767,1159,1185]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" unit="cm" value="2.1">2.1 cm</quantity>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFFB4C368FF272AE251014594" blockId="41.[151,1437,1122,1545]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B098157FFB4C368FF272AE2517D4594" collectingDate="1997-06-07" collectionCode="NMST" elevation="2604" location="North-Pacific-Japan" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" specimenCode="NMST E-13680" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EBEDDD1FFB4C368FF272AE252ED45B8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C83A1CFFBCC368FF77294857BB4774:8EBEDDD1FFB4C368FF272AE252ED45B8" box="[199,428,1195,1221]" name="North-Pacific-Japan" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">North-Pacific-Japan</location>
|
||
.
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC72371FFB4C368FE592AE2513445B8" box="[441,629,1195,1221]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">NMST E-13680</specimenCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="8EBEDDD1FFB4C368FD622AE2501F45B8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C83A1CFFBCC368FF77294857BB4774:8EBEDDD1FFB4C368FD622AE2501F45B8" box="[642,862,1195,1221]" name="East off Mukojima" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">East off Mukojima</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9926EFFFB4C368FC8B2AE3574D45B8" box="[875,1036,1194,1221]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6035" metricValueMax="2.61" metricValueMin="2.597" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" unit="m" value="2603.5" valueMax="2610.0" valueMin="2597.0">
|
||
<elevation id="004C6C39FFB4C368FC8B2AE3574D45B8" box="[875,1036,1194,1221]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6035" metricValueMax="2.61" metricValueMin="2.597" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" unit="m" value="2603.5" valueMax="2610.0" valueMin="2597.0">2597–2610 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
. Coll.
|
||
<date id="FFDFADCAFFB4C368FBBB2AE257B345B8" box="[1115,1266,1195,1221]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" value="1997-06-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9B5422FFB4C368FBBB2AE257B345B8" box="[1115,1266,1195,1221]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" value="1997-06-07">June 7, 1997</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
. KT-97-07, St. MKO 9, 1 wet spec. R=3.8, r=
|
||
<quantity id="4C9926EFFFB4C368FE0D2A86517D4594" box="[493,572,1231,1257]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" unit="cm" value="1.3">1.3 cm</quantity>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFFB4C368FF272ABA53804428" blockId="41.[151,1437,1122,1545]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B098157FFB4C368FF272ABA53FC4428" collectorName="Tansei Maru" country="Japan" elevation="3009" latitude="32.155" location="Kochi Prefecture" longLatPrecision="121" longitude="134.05667" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kochi Prefecture">
|
||
NMST E-13679. Nankai Trough, Southeast off Asizuri-misaki Cape,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A545E8FFB4C368FBE82ABA57914470" box="[1032,1232,1267,1293]" country="Japan" name="Kochi" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Kochi Prefecture</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F376CB9AFFB4C368FB022ABA56644470" box="[1250,1317,1267,1293]" name="Japan" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE55EDCDFFB4C368FAD72ABA56DD4470" box="[1335,1436,1267,1293]" degrees="32" direction="north" minutes="9.3" orientation="latitude" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" precision="92" value="32.155">32º9.3’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE55EDCDFFB4C368FF772B5E5246444C" box="[151,263,1303,1329]" degrees="134" direction="east" minutes="3.4" orientation="longitude" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" precision="92" value="134.05667">134º3.4’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
to 32º8.9’ 134º 6.0’ E,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9926EFFFB4C368FDF82B5E51F9444C" box="[536,696,1303,1329]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0085" metricValueMax="3.278" metricValueMin="2.739" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" unit="m" value="3008.5" valueMax="3278.0" valueMin="2739.0">
|
||
<elevation id="004C6C39FFB4C368FDF82B5E51F9444C" box="[536,696,1303,1329]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0085" metricValueMax="3.278" metricValueMin="2.739" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" unit="m" value="3008.5" valueMax="3278.0" valueMin="2739.0">2739–3278 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
. Coll.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FFB4C368FCE52B5E50D5444D" box="[773,916,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<collectorName id="2694EEDCFFB4C368FCE52B5E50D5444D" box="[773,916,1303,1328]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Tansei Maru</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, KT-00-8, st. 9 BT. 1 wet spec. R=3.2, r=
|
||
<quantity id="4C9926EFFFB4C368FA9A2B5E53FC4428" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" unit="cm" value="1.3">1.3 cm</quantity>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFFB4C368FF272B16521644BC" blockId="41.[151,1437,1122,1545]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B098157FFB4C368FF272B16521544BC" collectingDate="1973-03-05" collectorName="Hakuho-Maru" country="Japan" elevation="3444" latitude="23.688334" location="Okinawa Prefecture" longLatPrecision="125" longitude="123.753334" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Okinawa Prefecture">
|
||
NMST E-13675. South off Iriomote-Jima Island,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A545E8FFB4C368FCC02B1657464404" box="[800,1031,1375,1401]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Okinawa Prefecture</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F376CB9AFFB4C368FBF52B1657194404" box="[1045,1112,1375,1401]" name="Japan" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE55EDCDFFB4C368FB8B2B1657AA4404" box="[1131,1259,1375,1401]" degrees="23" direction="north" minutes="41.3" orientation="latitude" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" precision="92" value="23.688334">23º41.3’ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE55EDCDFFB4C368FB1A2B1756364404" box="[1274,1399,1374,1401]" degrees="123" direction="east" minutes="45.2" orientation="longitude" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" precision="92" value="123.753334">123º45.2’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
to 23º42.3’N, 123º45.8E,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9926EFFFB4C368FE7A2BCB517744E0" box="[410,566,1410,1437]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.444" metricValueMax="3.4519999999999995" metricValueMin="3.436" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" unit="m" value="3444.0" valueMax="3452.0" valueMin="3436.0">
|
||
<elevation id="004C6C39FFB4C368FE7A2BCB517744E0" box="[410,566,1410,1437]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.444" metricValueMax="3.4519999999999995" metricValueMin="3.436" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" unit="m" value="3444.0" valueMax="3452.0" valueMin="3436.0">3436–3452 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, Coll.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FFB4C368FD992BCA505844E0" box="[633,793,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<collectorName id="2694EEDCFFB4C368FD992BCA505844E0" box="[633,793,1411,1437]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Hakuho-Maru</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, KH-73-2, st. 24,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9B5422FFB4C368FC022BCB57C944E0" box="[994,1160,1410,1437]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<date id="FFDFADCAFFB4C368FC022BCB57C944E0" box="[994,1160,1410,1437]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" value="1924-03-05">5 March, 1973</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
. Beam trawl. 1 wet spec. R=6.6, r=
|
||
<quantity id="4C9926EFFFB4C368FEE42BEE521544BC" box="[260,340,1447,1473]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" unit="cm" value="3.2">3.2 cm</quantity>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFFB4C368FF272B8257BB4774" blockId="41.[151,1437,1122,1545]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B098157FFB4C368FF272B8257B74774" collectorName="Miriam Sibuet" country="Mauritania" latitude="18.244" location="Mauritania" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-20.560999" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" specimenCount="3162" specimenCount-male="3162">
|
||
MNHN-no number. Tropical Atlantic. North Atlantic, off the coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F376CB9AFFB4C368FC282B8257064498" box="[968,1095,1483,1509]" name="Mauritania" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Mauritania</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE55EDCDFFB4C368FBAF2B8257AF4498" box="[1103,1262,1483,1509]" degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" precision="1" seconds="38.4" value="18.244">18°14’38.4”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE55EDCDFFB4C368FB132B8256D64498" box="[1267,1431,1483,1509]" degrees="20" direction="west" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" precision="1" seconds="39.6" value="-20.560999">20°33’39.6”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D674083FFB4C368FF772BA653B24774" box="[151,243,1519,1545]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" type="male">
|
||
<quantity id="4C9926EFFFB4C368FF772BA653AE4774" box="[151,239,1519,1545]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.162" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" unit="m" value="3162.0">3162 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
Coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="2694EEDCFFB4C368FED82BA6529C4774" box="[312,477,1519,1545]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Miriam Sibuet</collectorName>
|
||
, IFREMER, Campagne EUMELI 2, CP 8. 1 dry spec. R=2.5 r=
|
||
<quantity id="4C9926EFFFB4C368FB482BA657B74774" box="[1192,1270,1519,1545]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" unit="cm" value="1.1">1.1 cm</quantity>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |