treatments-xml/data/03/C8/24/03C8247ED020FFAFFF62FF3AFDB8298B.xml
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<mods:title id="EC5BDF8789C5BE181FD39B0ADF1B79EF">On a collection of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Hydroidolina) from the west coast of Sweden, with a checklist of species from the region 3171</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="B915497AD020FFAEFF62FF3AFEE72BBE" bold="true" box="[151,375,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Dynamena pumila</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D020FFAEFE73FF3AFDD62BBE" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[390,582,151,177]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refId="ref61786" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 823 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
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<figureCitation id="135A89EDD020FFAEFF62FF17FF762BDD" box="[151,230,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1342,1365]" captionTargetBox="[335,1270,580,1325]" captionTargetId="figure-401@34.[708,1275,758,1325]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 34. Dynamena pumila: part of hydrocaulus with three opposite pairs of hydrothecae, ROMIZ B3903. Scale equals 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5247768" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5247768/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC0B379D020FFAEFF62FEAFFD8F2A17" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3917334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3917334" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8940F6E2-3409-41F9-BFCE-B36A7F8CF3B0" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[151,543,258,280]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8363B9586AC5A17B932E422B4887176D" page="807" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" year="1758">
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<emphasis id="B915497AD020FFAEFF62FEAFFEDA2A17" box="[151,330,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Sertularia pumila</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D020FFAEFEA5FEAFFD8F2A17" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[336,543,258,280]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refId="ref61786" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 823 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758: 807</bibRefCitation>
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.—
<treatmentCitation id="0AC0B379D020FFAEFDC8FEAFFCBA2A17" author="Lindstrom, G." box="[573,810,258,280]" page="365" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" year="1856">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D020FFAEFDC8FEAFFCBA2A17" author="Lindstrom, G." box="[573,810,258,280]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="365 - 374" refId="ref61684" refString="Lindstrom, G. (1856 b) Om utvecklingen af Sertularia pumila L. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 12, 365 - 374." type="journal article" year="1856">Lindström, 1856b: 365</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 13, A, figs. 123.—
<treatmentCitation id="0AC0B379D020FFAEFBEFFEAFFB602A17" author="Segerstedt, M." box="[1050,1264,258,280]" page="18" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" year="1889">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D020FFAEFBEFFEAFFB602A17" author="Segerstedt, M." box="[1050,1264,258,280]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref66181" refString="Segerstedt, M. (1889) Bidrag till kannedomen om hydroid-faunan vid Sveriges vestkust. Bihang till Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 14, Afdelning 4, 4, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1889">Segerstedt, 1889: 18</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 27.—
<treatmentCitation id="0AC0B379D020FFAEFAC4FEAFFEB32A38" author="Lonnberg, E." page="53" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" year="1898">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D020FFAEFAC4FEAFFEB32A38" author="Lonnberg, E." pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 77" refId="ref61944" refString="Lonnberg, E. (1898) Undersokningar rorande Oresunds djurlif. Meddelanden fran Kongl. Landtbruksstyrelsen, ar 1898, 43, 1 - 77." type="journal article" year="1898">Lönnberg, 1898: 53</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AC0B379D020FFAEFED8FE8CFE062A38" author="Lonnberg, E." box="[301,406,289,311]" page="17" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" year="1899">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D020FFAEFED8FE8CFE062A38" author="Lonnberg, E." box="[301,406,289,311]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref61996" refString="Lonnberg, E. (1899 b) Fortsatta undersokningar rorande Oresunds djurlif. Meddelanden fran Kongl. Landtbruksstyrelsen, ar 1899, 49, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="1899">1899b: 17</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AC0B379D020FFAEFE54FE8CFE692A38" author="Lonnberg, E." box="[417,505,289,311]" page="60" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" year="1903">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D020FFAEFE54FE8CFE692A38" author="Lonnberg, E." box="[417,505,289,311]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 70" refId="ref62056" refString="Lonnberg, E. (1903) Undersokningar rorande Skeldervikens och Angransande Kattegat-omrades djurlif pa Forordnande af Kongl. Landtbruksstyrelsen. Meddelanden fran Kongl. Landtbruksstyrelsen, ar 1902, 80, 1 - 70." type="journal article" year="1903">1903: 60</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0AC0B379D020FFAEFDE2FE8CFD7B2A38" author="Jaderholm, E." box="[535,747,289,311]" page="96" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" year="1909">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D020FFAEFDE2FE8CFD7B2A38" author="Jaderholm, E." box="[535,747,289,311]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 124" refId="ref60129" refString="Jaderholm, E. (1909) Northern and Arctic invertebrates in the collection of the Swedish State Museum (Riksmuseum). IV. Hydroiden. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, ny foljd, 45 (1), 1 - 124." type="journal article" year="1909">Jäderholm, 1909: 96</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 11, figs. 13.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE9568D020FFAEFF62FEEDFD3A2A59" blockId="34.[151,1436,258,373]" box="[151,682,320,342]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB71B246D020FFAEFF62FEEDFD3A2A59" box="[151,682,320,342]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD020FFAEFF62FEEDFE5F2A59" ID-CoL="4WYKF" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,463,320,342]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pumila" subGenus="Dynamena">
<emphasis id="B915497AD020FFAEFF62FEEDFF6E2A59" box="[151,254,320,342]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Sertularia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B915497AD020FFAEFEF9FEECFEEA2A59" box="[268,378,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Dynamena</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B915497AD020FFAEFE7CFEEDFE5F2A59" box="[393,463,320,342]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">pumila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0AC0B379D020FFAEFE1BFEEDFD362A59" author="Gislen, T." box="[494,678,320,342]" page="346" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" year="1930">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D020FFAEFE1BFEEDFD362A59" author="Gislen, T." box="[494,678,320,342]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 380" refId="ref58834" refString="Gislen, T. (1930) Epibioses of the Gullmar Fjord II. Kristinebergs Zoologiska Station 1877 - 1927, Skriftserie Utgiven av K. Svenska Vetenskapsakademien, 4, 1 - 380." type="journal article" year="1930">Gislén, 1930: 346</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB71B246D020FFAEFF62FEF2FCD62A7B" box="[151,838,350,373]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD020FFAEFF62FEF2FEC12A7A" ID-CoL="3863J" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,337,351,373]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pumila">
<emphasis id="B915497AD020FFAEFF62FEF2FEC12A7A" box="[151,337,351,373]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Dynamena pumila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0AC0B379D020FFAEFE9AFEF3FDDB2A7B" author="Jagerskiold, L. A." box="[367,587,350,372]" page="62" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" year="1971">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D020FFAEFE9AFEF3FDDB2A7B" author="Jagerskiold, L. A." box="[367,587,350,372]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 146" refId="ref60199" refString="Jagerskiold, L. A. (1971) A survey of the marine benthonic macro-fauna along the Swedish west coast 1921 - 1938. Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum et Litterarum Gothobergensis, Zoologica, 6, 1 - 146." type="journal article" year="1971">Jägerskiöld, 1971: 62</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0AC0B379D020FFAEFD9DFEF3FCD22A7B" author="Cornelius, P. F. S." box="[616,834,350,372]" page="271" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" year="1979">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D020FFAEFD9DFEF3FCD22A7B" author="Cornelius, P. F. S." box="[616,834,350,372]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="243 - 321" refId="ref57259" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1979) A revision of the species of Sertulariidae (Coelenterata: Hydroida) recorded from Britain and nearby seas. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 34, 243 - 321." type="journal article" year="1979">Cornelius, 1979: 271</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
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locality.
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:
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,
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(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D020FFAEFD6EFE0CFC162AB6" author="Cornelius, P. F. S." box="[667,902,417,441]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="243 - 321" refId="ref57259" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1979) A revision of the species of Sertulariidae (Coelenterata: Hydroida) recorded from Britain and nearby seas. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 34, 243 - 321." type="journal article" year="1979">Cornelius 1979: 271</bibRefCitation>
)
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.
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<emphasis id="B915497AD020FFAEFF32FE68FE322AD1" bold="true" box="[199,418,453,478]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" reason="1">Museum material.</emphasis>
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Kosterhavet,
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,
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,
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,
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<collectingDate id="EF9B4A40D020FFAEFC49FE68FBA62AD2" box="[956,1078,453,477]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="2010-09-07">07.ix.2010</collectingDate>
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, biological dredge,
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</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B099F35D020FFAEFAB3FE6BFCCF290E" collectionCode="ROMIZ" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" specimenCode="B3903" specimenCount="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD020FFAEFAB3FE6BFA042AD2" box="[1350,1428,454,477]" genus="Nereus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B915497AD020FFAEFAB3FE6BFA042AD2" box="[1350,1428,454,477]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Nereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, one colony, to
<quantity id="4C99388DD020FFAEFEC9FE47FEEB290E" box="[316,379,490,513]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
high, without gonophores,
<collectionCode id="ED700DADD020FFAEFD45FE44FC9A290E" box="[688,778,489,513]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">ROMIZ</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBC73D13D020FFAEFCE4FE44FCCF290E" box="[785,863,489,513]" collectionCode="ROMIZ" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">B3903</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1EC5E0D020FFAEFF62FA93FF7B2E7C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5247768" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5247768" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5247768/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" startId="34.[151,250,1342,1365]" targetBox="[335,1270,580,1325]" targetPageId="34">
<paragraph id="8BDE9568D020FFAEFF62FA93FF7B2E7C" blockId="34.[151,1436,1342,1456]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B915497AD020FFAEFF62FA93FEB12E5A" bold="true" box="[151,289,1342,1365]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">FIGURE 34.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD020FFAEFEDCFA92FE742E5B" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[297,484,1342,1364]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pumila">
<emphasis id="B915497AD020FFAEFEDCFA92FE742E5B" box="[297,484,1342,1364]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Dynamena pumila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: part of hydrocaulus with three opposite pairs of hydrothecae, ROMIZ B3903. Scale equals 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDE9568D020FFAEFF62FAD6FF552EBF" blockId="34.[151,1436,1342,1456]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B915497AD020FFAEFF62FAD6FEB02E9D" bold="true" box="[151,288,1403,1426]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">FIGURE 35.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD020FFAEFED3FAD6FD912E9E" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[294,513,1403,1425]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Hydrallmania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis id="B915497AD020FFAEFED3FAD6FD912E9E" box="[294,513,1403,1425]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Hydrallmania falcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: part of hydrocaulus with two branches and hydrothecae,
<collectionCode id="ED700DADD020FFAEFBBAFAD6FB312E9E" box="[1103,1185,1403,1425]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">ROMIZ</collectionCode>
B3900. Scale equals 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37BC6E3D020FFAFFF32FA75FDB8298B" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDE9568D020FFAEFF32FA75FCFD2D1C" blockId="34.[151,1436,1495,2023]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B915497AD020FFAEFF32FA75FEAB2EFF" bold="true" box="[199,315,1496,1520]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" reason="1">Remarks.</emphasis>
Taxonomic reviews of
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD020FFAEFDA4FA75FC602EE0" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[593,1008,1495,1519]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pumila">
<emphasis id="B915497AD020FFAEFDA4FA75FCB32EE0" box="[593,803,1495,1519]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Dynamena pumila</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D020FFAEFCC0FA7AFC782EE0" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[821,1000,1495,1519]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refId="ref61786" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 823 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
have been given in works including those of
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D020FFAEFF02FA56FE3E2D1C" author="Cornelius, P. F. S." box="[247,430,1531,1555]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="243 - 321" refId="ref57259" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1979) A revision of the species of Sertulariidae (Coelenterata: Hydroida) recorded from Britain and nearby seas. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 34, 243 - 321." type="journal article" year="1979">Cornelius (1979</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D020FFAEFE4FFA56FD942D1C" author="Cornelius, P. F. S." box="[442,516,1531,1555]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refId="ref57522" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1995 b) North-west European thecate hydroids and their medusae. Part 2. Sertulariidae to Campanulariidae. Synopses of the British Fauna, n. s., 50, 386 pp." type="book" year="1995">1995b</bibRefCitation>
), and need not be repeated here.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE9568D020FFAEFF32F9B2FAAF2CE8" blockId="34.[151,1436,1495,2023]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
This well-known boreal and largely intertidal species is abundant on fucoid algae (especially
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD020FFAEFAFEF9B2FF6C2D53" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Fucaceae" genus="Ascophyllum" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fucales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="nodosum">
<emphasis id="B915497AD020FFAEFAFEF9B2FF6C2D53" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Ascophyllum nodosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD020FFAEFECEF9E9FE292D54" box="[315,441,1603,1627]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Fucaceae" genus="Fucus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fucales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B915497AD020FFAEFECEF9E9FEEF2D54" box="[315,383,1604,1627]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fucus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
) and underlying rocky substrates on shores of northwestern Europe and northeastern North America. Hydroids of
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD020FFAEFE2EF9C5FDDB2D70" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[475,587,1639,1663]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pumila">
<emphasis id="B915497AD020FFAEFE2EF9C5FDDB2D70" box="[475,587,1639,1663]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">D. pumila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are well-adapted to environmental stresses of life in the intertidal zone, and they occur in both wave-sheltered and wave-exposed areas (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D020FFAEFCB3F926FB9F2DAC" author="Rossi, S. &amp; Gili, J. M. &amp; Hughes, R. G." box="[838,1039,1675,1700]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="135 - 140" refId="ref65315" refString="Rossi, S., Gili, J. M. &amp; Hughes, R. G. (2000) The effects of exposure to wave action on the distribution and morphology of the epiphytic hydrozoans Clava multicornis and Dynamena pumila. Scientia Marina, 64 (supl. 1), 135 - 140." type="journal article" year="2000">
Rossi
<emphasis id="B915497AD020FFAEFC7AF921FC522DAB" box="[911,962,1676,1700]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al</emphasis>
. 2000
</bibRefCitation>
). The location of colonies on algal substrates varies depending on exposure, with those from sheltered areas occurring on mid- to upper parts of thalli and those from more exposed areas occupying areas towards the base (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D020FFAEFC28F97EFB032DE4" author="Cornelius, P. F. S." box="[989,1171,1747,1771]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="243 - 321" refId="ref57259" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1979) A revision of the species of Sertulariidae (Coelenterata: Hydroida) recorded from Britain and nearby seas. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 34, 243 - 321." type="journal article" year="1979">Cornelius 1979</bibRefCitation>
). On very high-energy shores, Cornelius noted that colonies may be restricted to crevices and to the undersides of overhangs. On very sheltered shores, they tend to occur in areas of maximum tidal flow. He also reported that hydrothecae of specimens from an exposed site had thicker perisarc and were notably smaller than those from an exposed site. Annulations on the stem facilitate bending, and basal articulating joints allow flexing of up to 180° in either direction (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D020FFAEFF6BF82AFEA92C90" author="Hughes, R. G." box="[158,313,1927,1951]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="269 - 277" refId="ref59859" refString="Hughes, R. G. (1992). Morphological adaptations of the perisarc of the intertidal hydroid Dynamena pumila to reduce damage and enhance feeding efficiency. Scientia Marina, 56, 269 - 277." type="journal article" year="1992">Hughes 1992</bibRefCitation>
). These skeletal structures facilitate feeding and minimize the risk of breakage or complete dislodging of the colony from its substrate under high-energy conditions. The ability of the stem to flex and bend also allows the colony to lie against the substrate during exposure at low tides, reducing the risk of desiccation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE9568D021FFAFFF32FF3AFBEB2A13" blockId="35.[151,1436,151,644]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
At the northern limits of its range,
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD021FFAFFDB2FF34FD272BBF" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[583,695,152,176]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pumila">
<emphasis id="B915497AD021FFAFFDB2FF34FD272BBF" box="[583,695,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">D. pumila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
survives an extended period of the year as dormant tissue in stems and stolons. Colonies that I observed in southern Labrador during early summer (late June and early July, 2000) were just beginning growth. Further south in the Bay of Fundy region, eastern
<collectingCountry id="F376D5F8D021FFAFFBF3FF72FBCD2BF8" box="[1030,1117,223,247]" name="Canada" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Canada</collectingCountry>
, the species declines significantly in abundance during winter but nevertheless remains active all year (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D021FFAFFC11FEA9FBFE2A13" author="Henry, L. - A." box="[996,1134,260,284]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1526 - 1536" refId="ref59460" refString="Henry, L. - A. (2001) Intertidal zonation and seasonality of the marine hydroid Dynamena pumila (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 80, 1526 - 1536." type="journal article" year="2001">Henry 2001</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE9568D021FFAFFF32FE8AFC402AC0" blockId="35.[151,1436,151,644]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
Intertidal colonies of
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD021FFAFFE4AFE84FD012A4F" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[447,657,296,320]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pumila">
<emphasis id="B915497AD021FFAFFE4AFE84FD012A4F" box="[447,657,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Dynamena pumila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were frequently observed in the study area during the workshop at Tjärnö in late summer 2010 on both attached and detached fucoids. Material listed above (ROMIZ B3903) was found in deeper waters but occurred on a detached algal thallus. At water temperatures of about 17º C, these hydroids were active but frequently overgrown by algae and diatoms. The species is common as well in Danish waters (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D021FFAFFF1BFE1AFE1C2AC0" author="Kramp, P. L." box="[238,396,439,463]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 207" refId="ref60712" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1935 b) Polypdyr (Coelenterata) I. Ferskvandspolypper og goplepolypper. Danmarks Fauna, 41, 1 - 207." type="journal article" year="1935">Kramp 1935b</bibRefCitation>
) and in the Oslofjord,
<collectingCountry id="F376D5F8D021FFAFFD7FFE15FD742ADF" box="[650,740,440,464]" name="Norway" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Norway</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D021FFAFFD06FE1AFC542AC0" author="Christiansen, B. O." box="[755,964,439,463]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="279 - 310" refId="ref56672" refString="Christiansen, B. O. (1972) The hydroid fauna of the Oslo Fiord in Norway. Norwegian Journal of Zoology, 20, 279 - 310." type="journal article" year="1972">Christiansen 1972</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE9568D021FFAFFF32FE71FF652918" blockId="35.[151,1436,151,644]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B915497AD021FFAFFF32FE71FE452AFB" bold="true" box="[199,469,475,500]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" reason="1">Reported distribution.</emphasis>
West coast of
<collectingCountry id="F376D5F8D021FFAFFD74FE71FD4A2AFB" box="[641,730,476,500]" name="Sweden" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Sweden</collectingCountry>
.—Koster area to the Öresund (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D021FFAFFBB7FE71FB6B2AFB" author="Jaderholm, E." box="[1090,1275,476,500]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 124" refId="ref60129" refString="Jaderholm, E. (1909) Northern and Arctic invertebrates in the collection of the Swedish State Museum (Riksmuseum). IV. Hydroiden. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, ny foljd, 45 (1), 1 - 124." type="journal article" year="1909">Jäderholm 1909</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD021FFAFFADFFE71FF752917" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pumila">
<emphasis id="B915497AD021FFAFFADFFE71FF752917" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Sertularia pumila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE9568D021FFAFFF32FD89FDB8298B" blockId="35.[151,1436,151,644]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
Elsewhere.—Boreal waters of the North Atlantic from the Barents and White seas to
<collectingCountry id="F376D5F8D021FFAFFB6CFD89FB682933" box="[1177,1272,548,572]" name="Portugal" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Portugal</collectingCountry>
in Europe (da
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D021FFAFFF62FDEAFEB62950" author="Cunha, A. X. da" box="[151,294,583,607]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 101" refId="ref57717" refString="Cunha, A. X. da (1944) Hidropolipos das costas de Portugal. Memorias e Estudos do Museu Zoologico da Universidade de Coimbra, 161, 1 - 101." type="journal article" year="1944">
<collectingCountry id="F376D5F8D021FFAFFF62FDEAFF702950" box="[151,224,583,607]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Cunha</collectingCountry>
1944
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D021FFAFFEC3FDE5FE4D2950" author="Naumov, D. V." box="[310,477,583,607]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 626" refId="ref63272" refString="Naumov, D. V. (1960) Gidroidy i gidromeduzy morskikh, solonovatovodnykh i presnovodnykh basseinov SSSR. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR, 70, 1 - 626." type="journal article" year="1960">Naumov 1960</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D021FFAFFE18FDEAFD3F2950" author="Cornelius, P. F. S." box="[493,687,583,607]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref57522" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1995 b) North-west European thecate hydroids and their medusae. Part 2. Sertulariidae to Campanulariidae. Synopses of the British Fauna, n. s., 50, 386 pp." type="book" year="1995">Cornelius 1995b</bibRefCitation>
), and from southern Labrador to New Jersey in North America (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D021FFAFFF6BFDC1FEB8298B" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[158,296,620,644]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref58726" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1944) Hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 451 pp." type="book" year="1944">Fraser 1944</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD021FFAFFEA4FDC1FD88298B" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[337,536,620,644]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pumila">
<emphasis id="B915497AD021FFAFFEA4FDC1FD88298B" box="[337,536,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Sertularia pumila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>