227 lines
20 KiB
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227 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.896.36493" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f0dfb41e-097f-47cf-a691-e0ed156f0dd6" ID-PMC="PMC6908515" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-896-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="45D554E9BC5451AA8EFF6B8A14862ADC" ID-PubMed="31844412" ID-ZooBank="3E0BC795B569442AAE6FDFD4A9FB9534" ModsDocID="1313-2970-896-1" checkinTime="1575565016593" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Reemer, Menno, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott" docDate="2019" docId="030C2603CB735A7AB0870C632370EA7C" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 896: 1-93" docOrigin="ZooKeys 896" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.896.36493" docTitle="Peradon oligonax" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="45D554E9BC5451AA8EFF6B8A14862ADC" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="45D554E9BC5451AA8EFF6B8A14862ADC" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Neotropical hoverfly genus Peradon Reemer (Diptera, Syrphidae, Microdontinae)" masterLastPageNumber="93" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668168194872" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of the Neotropical hoverfly genus Peradon Reemer (Diptera, Syrphidae, Microdontinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Reemer, Menno</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Skevington, Jeffrey H.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Kelso, Scott</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>896</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>93</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.896.36493</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.896.36493</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-896-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">3E0BC795B569442AAE6FDFD4A9FB9534</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">45D554E9BC5451AA8EFF6B8A14862ADC</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="160631129" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:030C2603CB735A7AB0870C632370EA7C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/030C2603CB735A7AB0870C632370EA7C" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="030C2603-CB73-5A7A-B087-0C632370EA7C" authority="Hull" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Peradon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peradon oligonax" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oligonax">Peradon oligonax (Hull)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1, 2" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1, 2. Field images of Peradon species. Both photos were taken in Peru, San Martin, around San Ruque de Cumbaza, 15 - 31. I. 2015, by Tim Faasen 1 P. oligonax male 2 P. aurigaster female." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures1-2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362271" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures1-2">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 28–31" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 28 - 31. 28 - 30 Wings of Peradon species: 28 P. elongatus male (Brazil INPA) 29 P. elongatus female (Brazil INPA) 30 P. oligonax female (holotype) 31 Peradon oligonax male (Bolivia RMNH) mesonotum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures28-31" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362278" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures28-31">30</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 105–111" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figures 105 - 111. Dorsal habitus of Peradon species (trivittatus group) 105 P. hermetia ♂ holotype 106 ♂ P. hermetoides holotype 107 P. elongatus ♂ Brazil INPA 108 P. elongatus ♀ Brazil INPA 109 P. diaphanus ♀ neotype 110 P. oligonax ♂ Brazil LACM 111 P. oligonax ♀ Peru RMNH. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures105-111" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362290" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures105-111">110</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 105–111" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figures 105 - 111. Dorsal habitus of Peradon species (trivittatus group) 105 P. hermetia ♂ holotype 106 ♂ P. hermetoides holotype 107 P. elongatus ♂ Brazil INPA 108 P. elongatus ♀ Brazil INPA 109 P. diaphanus ♀ neotype 110 P. oligonax ♂ Brazil LACM 111 P. oligonax ♀ Peru RMNH. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures105-111" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362290" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures105-111">111</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 228–231" captionStartId="F40" captionText="Figures 228 - 231. Peradon oligonax female, holotype 228 habitus dorsal 229 habitus lateral 230 head frontal 231 head lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures228-231" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362310" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures228-231">228-231</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 262–267" captionStartId="F45" captionText="Figures 262 - 267. Male genitalia of Peradon species 262 P. hermetoides holotype 263 P. elongatus holotype 264 P. oligonax Colombia NHMUK 265 P. satyricus holotype 266 P. sciarus paratype 267 P. bidens Suriname RMNH." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures262-267" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362315" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures262-267">264</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microdon oligonax" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oligonax">Microdon oligonax</taxonomicName>
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Hull, 1944: 35. Holotype ♀: Brazil (CU) [examined];
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49898" author="Thompson, FC" journalOrPublisher="A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 195" refId="B29" refString="Thompson, FC, Vockeroth, JR, Sedman, YS, 1976. Family Syrphidae. A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States 46: 1 - 195" title="Family Syrphidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49898" volume="46" year="1976">Thompson et al. 1976</bibRefCitation>
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: 66 [type locality erroneously stated as Ecuador].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Peradon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peradon oligonax" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oligonax">Peradon oligonax</taxonomicName>
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(Hull):
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.288.4095" author="Reemer, M" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 213" refId="B25" refString="Reemer, M, Stahls, G, 2013a. Generic revision and species classification of the Microdontinae (Diptera, Syrphidae). ZooKeys 288: 1 - 213" title="Generic revision and species classification of the Microdontinae (Diptera, Syrphidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.288.4095" volume="288" year="2013 a">
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Reemer and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ståhls">Stahls</normalizedToken>
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2013a
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 146;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.691.13328" author="Marin-Armijos, D" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="163 - 199" refId="B17" refString="Marin-Armijos, D, Quezada-Rioz, N, Soto-Armijos, C, Mengual, X, 2017. Checklist of the flower flies of Ecuador (Diptera, Syrphidae). ZooKeys 691: 163 - 199" title="Checklist of the flower flies of Ecuador (Diptera, Syrphidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.691.13328" volume="691" year="2017">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Marín-Armijos">Marin-Armijos</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2017
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 185.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="studied type specimens">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Studied type specimens.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Brazil • 1 ♀, holotype of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microdon oligonax" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oligonax">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Microdon oligonax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Hull; Pto. America, R. Putumayo; 30 Aug. -2 Sep. 1920; Cornell University Expedition leg.; CU. Label 1: "Pto. America, R. Putumayo BRAZIL, Aug. 30 Sep. 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘20”">'20"</normalizedToken>
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; label 2: "Cornell Univ. Expedition. Lot 569"; label 3 (red): "HOLOTYPE Cornell U. No. 2197"; label 4 (red): "Holotype oligonax Hull"; label 5:"Holotype Microdon oligonax Hull".
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="additional specimens">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Additional specimens.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brazil • 1 ♂; Amazonas, Tabalinga; 11-14 Jul. 1991; Socorro & Vidal leg.; INPA • 1 ♂; Rondonia, 62 km SE Ariquemes; 7-18 Nov. 1995; W.J. Hanson; LACM.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Bolivia • 1 ♂; Songo; RMNH • 1 ♂; La Paz Prov., Mapiri Arroyo Tuhiri;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="26" value="-15.290556">15°17'26"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="46" value="-68.26278">68°15'46"W</geoCoordinate>
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; 508 m a.s.l.; 13 Apr. 2004; M. Hauser leg.; CSCA.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Brazil • 1 ♂; Amazon
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“66.53”">"66.53"</normalizedToken>
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; NHMUK.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colombia • 1 ♂; Vaupes, Mirafiores; 31 Jan. -5 Feb.1972; M. Cooper leg.; NHMUK.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecuador • 1 ♂; Pompeya, Napo R., Pastaza; 14-22 May 1965; L. Pena leg.; CNC •1 ♂; Napo, Tena; 9-14 Dec. 1971; M. Cooper leg.; NHMUK.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Peru • 1 ♀; Tingo Maria; 670 m a.s.l.; Weyrauch leg.; CNC • 1 ♂; Previsto; 8 Jun. 1965; J. Schunke leg.; NHMUK • 3 ♂; Previsto; 25 Jun. 1965; J. Schunke leg.; NHMUK • 1 ♂; Previsto; 26 Jun. 1965; J. Schunke leg.; NHMUK • 1 ♀; SAM, around San Roque de Cumbaza;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="4.96" value="-6.384711">6°23'4.96"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="53.47" value="-76.43152">76°25'53.47"W</geoCoordinate>
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; 15-31 Jan. 2015; T. Faasen leg.; RMNH • 1 ♀; Tingo Maria; 670 m a.s.l.; Weyrauch leg.; CNC.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="redescription">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Redescription</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">(based on holotype). Adult female.</emphasis>
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Body size: 16 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Face occupying slightly more than 1/3 of head width in frontal view; yellow; brown pile, except with white pilosity ventrolaterally. Gena brown; with white pilosity. Lateral oral margin strongly produced, brown. Frons black, with black pilosity. Vertex brown; with pale pilosity. Occiput black; with pale pruinescence; black pilosity dorsally, pale pilosity ventrally. Eye bare. Antennal fossa approx. as wide as high. Antenna dark brown, except basoflagellomere black. Antennal ratio approximately 4:1:6. Basoflagellomere parallel-sided with rounded apex. Arista slender, approx. 3/4 of length of basoflagellomere.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Thorax</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Mesoscutum dull black; short, appressed black pile. Postpronotum and postalar callus pale brown; mixed black and yellow pilose. Scutellum brown, yellow along posterior margin; brown pilose; with two yellow apical calcars of approx. 1/4 of length of scutellum, with mutual distance ca. four times their length. Pleura brown. Anterior and posterior part of anepisternum separated by deep sulcus; black pilose anteriorly, pale pilose posteriorly, with wide bare area in between. Anepimeron entirely pale pile. Katepisternum white pilose dorsally, bare ventrally. Katatergum and anatergum microtrichose. Other pleurae bare. Calypter and halter yellow.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wing</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Hyaline, tinged yellow on anterior half and all veins yellow; microtrichose, except alula 90% bare leaving only margins microtrichose.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Legs</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Fore and mid legs (including coxae and trochanters) yellowish brown, yellow pilose. Hind coxa, trochanter and femur brown, yellow to white pilose. [Hind tibia and tarsus missing in type specimen
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Abdomen</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Elongate, slightly constricted at segment 2, approx. as wide as thorax, with widest point at anterior part of tergite 4. Sternite 1 brown; bare. Sternite 2 yellow; yellow pile. Sternite 3 yellowish brown; yellow pilose. Sternites 4 and 5 dark brown; dark pilose.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Male</emphasis>
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(based on additional specimens). As female, except for following differences. Body size 14-15 mm. Antennal ratio approximately 4:1:5. Scutellar calcars shorter and less far apart. Abdomen more slender.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Body length: male 13-16 mm, female 16 mm. Based on the somewhat constricted abdomen, this species is here placed in the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="trivittatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="trivittatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">trivittatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group. From all other species in this group,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. oligonax" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="oligonax">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. oligonax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs by the presence of a (medially interrupted) fascia of golden pile along the mesonotal transverse suture (similar to several species of the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="bidens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bidens">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">bidens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colouration varies from reddish brown to blackish. The pale markings on tergite 2 are often fused into one large macula, but sometimes there is a narrow dark median line dividing them. In the specimen labelled 'Amazon / 66.53' (coll. NHMUK) the side margins of tergite 2 are slightly more convex in dorsal view than in the other specimens, in which tergite 2 is more parallel-sided.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49898" author="Thompson, FC" journalOrPublisher="A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 195" refId="B29" refString="Thompson, FC, Vockeroth, JR, Sedman, YS, 1976. Family Syrphidae. A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States 46: 1 - 195" title="Family Syrphidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49898" volume="46" year="1976">Thompson et al. (1976)</bibRefCitation>
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state Ecuador as type locality, but this seems to be incorrect. Both the label of the holotype and the description of Hull (1944) only mention Brazil (Rio Putumayo) as type locality. This is also discussed by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.691.13328" author="Marin-Armijos, D" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="163 - 199" refId="B17" refString="Marin-Armijos, D, Quezada-Rioz, N, Soto-Armijos, C, Mengual, X, 2017. Checklist of the flower flies of Ecuador (Diptera, Syrphidae). ZooKeys 691: 163 - 199" title="Checklist of the flower flies of Ecuador (Diptera, Syrphidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.691.13328" volume="691" year="2017">
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||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Marín-Armijos">Marin-Armijos</normalizedToken>
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et al. (2017)
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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In the key to the species,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Peradon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peradon oligonax" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oligonax">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peradon oligonax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is included in the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="trivittatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="trivittatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">trivittatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group because of its constricted abdomen. However, other characters suggest it may be more closely related to species of the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="bidens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bidens">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">bidens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group. For instance, the fascia of golden pile along the mesonotal transverse suture is also found in several species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="bidens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bidens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">bidens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, and there also are similarities in the male genitalia. Unfortunately, attempts to obtain a DNA barcode of this species failed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bolivia, Brazil (Amazon region), Colombia, Ecuador, Peru. Alt. 400-860 m.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |