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<mods:title id="C3A6B6FD823B6B5DB96DB6DB6265A2DF">A new Colombian species in the milliped genus Psammodesmus, symbiotic host for bryophytes (Polydesmida: Platyrhacidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3FCD8187FEDDA9FC18E4221570CEF11B">Hoffman, Richard L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E842DE2943B8D89C1F5F06539E0B8E4A">D, Eduardo Florez</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03984758FFBC821FFF35FEFEFB348119" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6195190" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119415511" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6195190" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03984758FFBC821FFF35FEFEFB348119" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03984758FFBC821FFF35FEFEFB348119" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="1" pageNumber="53">
<subSubSection id="C32BA5C5FFBC821FFF35FEFEFDB986EC" box="[151,578,359,385]" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8EF64EFFBC821FFF35FEFEFDB986EC" blockId="1.[151,578,359,385]" box="[151,578,359,385]" pageId="1" pageNumber="53">
<heading id="D0C64122FFBC821FFF35FEFEFDB986EC" bold="true" box="[151,578,359,385]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9452A5CFFBC821FFF35FEFEFDB986EC" bold="true" box="[151,578,359,385]" pageId="1" pageNumber="53">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C318DCDFFBC821FFF4CFEFEFDB986EC" ID-CoL="7PVZY" authority="Cook, 1895" authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="1895" box="[238,578,359,385]" class="Diplopoda" family="Platyrhacidae" genus="Psammodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9452A5CFFBC821FFF4CFEFEFE4B86EC" bold="true" box="[238,432,359,385]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="53">Psammodesmus</emphasis>
Cook, 1895
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32BA5C5FFBC821FFF35FE36FB958552" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8EF64EFFBC821FFF35FE36FAE6856C" blockId="1.[151,1437,430,575]" pageId="1" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="4C318DCDFFBC821FFF35FE36FE4286A9" ID-CoL="7PVZY" authority="Cook, 1895" authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="1895" box="[151,441,430,453]" class="Diplopoda" family="Platyrhacidae" genus="Psammodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9452A5CFFBC821FFF35FE36FEC286A8" box="[151,313,431,453]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="53">Psammodesmus</emphasis>
Cook, 1895
</taxonomicName>
, Brandtia 12: 52. Monobasic with a new species.
<typeStatus id="548A48ECFFBC821FFC1AFE36FC1186A9" box="[952,1002,431,452]" pageId="1" pageNumber="53">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<emphasis id="B9452A5CFFBC821FFBEAFE29FB7A86A8" box="[1096,1153,432,453]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="53">P. c o s</emphasis>
Cook, by original designation. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFA08BBFFFBC821FFEB4FE54FE57868F" author="Silvestri" box="[278,428,461,483]" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" refString="Silvestri, F. (1897) Viaggio del Dr. Enrico Festa nell'Ecuador e regionali vicine. V. Chilopodi e Diplopodi. Bolletino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia comparata della Reale Universita di Torino, 12 (305), 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1897">Silvestri, 1897</bibRefCitation>
, Boll. Mus. Torino, 12(305): 15. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFA08BBFFFBC821FFCB8FE54FC4D868E" author="Hoffman" box="[794,950,461,483]" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" refString="Hoffman, R. L. (1953) Psammodesmus, a neglected milliped genus. Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, 43, 299 - 304." type="journal article" year="1953">Hoffman, 1953</bibRefCitation>
, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 43: 301.—
<bibRefCitation id="EFA08BBFFFBC821FFAC3FE54FECF856C" author="Hoffman" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" refString="Hoffman, R. L. (1980) Classification of the Diplopoda. Geneve, Museum d'Histoire naturale. 236 pp." type="book" year="1980">Hoffman, 1980</bibRefCitation>
, Classification of the Diplopoda, p. 163. —Hoffman, 1999, Va. Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ. 9: 398.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8EF64EFFBC821FFF35FD92FB958552" blockId="1.[151,1437,430,575]" pageId="1" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="4C318DCDFFBC821FFF35FD92FE49854D" ID-CoL="68d85807-fafd-469e-87db-bf11692397ef" authority="Chamberlin, 1941" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1941" box="[151,434,522,544]" class="Diplopoda" family="Platyrhacidae" genus="Ernostyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9452A5CFFBC821FFF35FD92FF0A854D" box="[151,241,523,544]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="53">Ernostyx</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA08BBFFFBC821FFF5AFD93FE49854D" author="Chamberlin" box="[248,434,522,544]" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" refString="Chamberlin, R. V. (1941) On a collection of millipeds and centipeds from northeastern Peru. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 78, 473 - 535." type="journal article" year="1941">Chamberlin, 1941</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Bull. American Mus,. Nat. Hist., 78: 497. Monobasic with a new species.
<typeStatus id="548A48ECFFBC821FFB17FD92FB1C854D" box="[1205,1255,523,544]" pageId="1" pageNumber="53">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C318DCDFFBC821FFAE4FD92FEBA8552" ID-CoL="7W2VC" authority="Chamberlin" authorityName="Chamberlin" class="Diplopoda" family="Platyrhacidae" genus="Ernostyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dasys">
<emphasis id="B9452A5CFFBC821FFAE4FD92FA60854D" box="[1350,1435,522,544]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="53">E. dasys</emphasis>
Chamberlin
</taxonomicName>
, by original designation. Synonymized with
<taxonomicName id="4C318DCDFFBC821FFCA4FDB0FC538552" ID-CoL="7PVZY" box="[774,936,553,575]" class="Diplopoda" family="Platyrhacidae" genus="Psammodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9452A5CFFBC821FFCA4FDB0FC538552" box="[774,936,553,575]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="53">Psammodesmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA08BBFFFBC821FFC6FFDB0FB908552" author="Hoffman" box="[973,1131,553,575]" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" refString="Hoffman, R. L. (1953) Psammodesmus, a neglected milliped genus. Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, 43, 299 - 304." type="journal article" year="1953">Hoffman, 1953</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32BA5C5FFBC821FFF35FDF2FCCD85A1" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8EF64EFFBC821FFF35FDF2FCCD85A1" blockId="1.[151,1436,619,1653]" pageId="1" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B9452A5CFFBC821FFF35FDF2FEEA85E9" bold="true" box="[151,273,619,644]" pageId="1" pageNumber="53">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Terminal lamina of gonopod directed either distad or ventromesad (away from the coxa), solenomere in either case directed sinuously ventrad, in contrast to other Neotropical genera in which both of the apical elements are curved or bent dorsad, thus in the same axis as the coxa.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32BA5C5FFBC821FFF65FD4EFB348119" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8EF64EFFBC821FFF65FD4EFB2A845A" blockId="1.[151,1436,619,1653]" pageId="1" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B9452A5CFFBC821FFF65FD4EFEB4859D" bold="true" box="[199,335,727,752]" pageId="1" pageNumber="53">Comments.</emphasis>
The identification of this genus has been solely by circumstantial evidence. The
<typeStatus id="548A48ECFFBC821FFB42FD40FAEB859C" box="[1248,1296,729,753]" pageId="1" pageNumber="53">type</typeStatus>
species was based on a female specimen never seen since Cooks day: not in any likely despository, and presumably lost/misplaced. The original description, which could apply to any number of platyrhacids, is as follows:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8EF64EFFBC821FFF65FCDDFCC68359" blockId="1.[151,1436,619,1653]" pageId="1" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="4C318DCDFFBC821FFF73FCDDFED18431" box="[209,298,836,860]" class="Insecta" family="Eccoptarthridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Carinae">Carinae</taxonomicName>
of moderate width, with a prominent, square shoulder at base in front; dorsum densely beset with distinct, prominent, rounded granules and divided into three transverse rows of polygonal areas, each of which has a distinct, though not conspicuous tubercle in the middle; tubercles of the posterior row much more conspicuous than the others; first segment with an anterior row of large tubercles, behind which is a distinct transverse depression; vertex densely and finely granular, prominent and cristate on each side of the sulcus; pores removed from the margin by five or six times the diameter of the small ring; clypeus smooth and shining below: Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C318DCDFFBC821FFB45FC61FA67837D" box="[1255,1436,1016,1040]" class="Diplopoda" family="Platyrhacidae" genus="Psammodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Psammodesmus</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9452A5CFFBC821FFF35FB84FF308359" box="[151,203,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="53">nov.,</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="548A48ECFFBC821FFF70FB84FEF98358" box="[210,258,1053,1077]" pageId="1" pageNumber="53">type</typeStatus>
<emphasis id="B9452A5CFFBC821FFEABFB84FE598359" box="[265,418,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="4C318DCDFFBC821FFEABFB84FEA08359" box="[265,347,1053,1076]" class="Diplopoda" family="Platyrhacidae" genus="Psammodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cos" status="sp. nov.">Ps. cos</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2769727FFBC821FFEC5FB84FE598359" box="[359,418,1053,1076]" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<collectingCountry id="F326B6DEFFBC821FFE13FB85FDD98359" box="[433,546,1052,1076]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="53">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, Philadelphia Academy.”
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8EF64EFFBC821FFF65FBD9FBD982F1" blockId="1.[151,1436,619,1653]" pageId="1" pageNumber="53">
Shortly after publication of this account, F. Silvestri described two new platyrhacids from
<collectingCountry id="F326B6DEFFBC821FFB18FBD9FAE28335" box="[1210,1305,1088,1112]" name="Ecuador" pageId="1" pageNumber="53">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C318DCDFFBC821FFA86FBD9FE5D8311" class="Diplopoda" family="Platyrhacidae" genus="Psammodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="camerani">
<emphasis id="B9452A5CFFBC821FFA86FBD9FEAB8311" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="53">Psammodesmus camerani</emphasis>
(1897)
</taxonomicName>
from Gualaquiza and
<taxonomicName id="4C318DCDFFBC821FFD12FBFCFC648311" box="[688,927,1124,1148]" class="Diplopoda" family="Platyrhacidae" genus="Psammodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciolatus">
<emphasis id="B9452A5CFFBC821FFD12FBFCFCB18311" box="[688,842,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="53">P. fasciolatus</emphasis>
(1898)
</taxonomicName>
from the Rio Peripa, both collected by the renowned Italian ornithologist Enrico Festa. It is not obvious how Silvestri deduced that these species were congeneric with Cooks rather ambiguously described
<typeStatus id="548A48ECFFBC821FFD18FB34FD1183A8" box="[698,746,1197,1221]" pageId="1" pageNumber="53">type</typeStatus>
species. His confidence was not shared by the next writer on these millipeds,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA08BBFFFBC821FFEF3FB48FD908385" author="Brolemann" box="[337,619,1232,1256]" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" refString="Brolemann, H. - W. (1919) Myriapodes, in: Mission du Service geographique de l'Armee pour la Mesure d'un Arc de Meridien equatorial en Amerique du Sud 1899 - 1906, 10 (2), 235 - 275." type="journal article" year="1919">H. W. Brolemann (1919)</bibRefCitation>
who in reporting specimens from western
<collectingCountry id="F326B6DEFFBC821FFBF4FB49FB488385" box="[1110,1203,1232,1256]" name="Ecuador" pageId="1" pageNumber="53">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
that he identified as
<taxonomicName id="4C318DCDFFBC821FFF35FB6DFEEB8261" box="[151,272,1268,1292]" class="Diplopoda" family="Platyrhacidae" genus="Psammodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciolatus">
<emphasis id="B9452A5CFFBC821FFF35FB6DFEEB8261" box="[151,272,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="53">fasciolatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, referred the species to
<taxonomicName id="4C318DCDFFBC821FFDBDFB6DFD4A8261" box="[543,689,1268,1292]" class="Diplopoda" family="Platyrhacidae" genus="Platyrrhacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9452A5CFFBC821FFDBDFB6DFD4A8261" box="[543,689,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="53">Platyrrhacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<emphasis id="B9452A5CFFBC821FFD60FB6CFD1A8261" box="[706,737,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="53">sic</emphasis>
] rather than
<taxonomicName id="4C318DCDFFBC821FFCD1FB6DFBDD8261" box="[883,1062,1268,1292]" class="Diplopoda" family="Platyrhacidae" genus="Psammodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9452A5CFFBC821FFCD1FB6DFBDD8261" box="[883,1062,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="53">Psammodesmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In this disregard of the Cookian genus, Brolemann was followed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA08BBFFFBC821FFD9FFA81FD18825D" author="Attems" box="[573,739,1304,1328]" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" refString="Attems, C. (1938) Polydesmoidea II. Fam. Leptodesmidae, Platyrrhacidae, Oxydesmidae, Gomphodesmidae, in Das Tierreich, 69, 1 - 487." type="journal article" year="1938">Attems (1938)</bibRefCitation>
who placed both
<taxonomicName id="4C318DCDFFBC821FFC18FA81FBC8825D" box="[954,1075,1304,1328]" class="Diplopoda" family="Platyrhacidae" genus="Psammodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciolatus">
<emphasis id="B9452A5CFFBC821FFC18FA81FBC8825D" box="[954,1075,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="53">fasciolatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C318DCDFFBC821FFBD3FA80FB20825D" box="[1137,1243,1305,1328]" class="Diplopoda" family="Platyrhacidae" genus="Psammodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="camerani">
<emphasis id="B9452A5CFFBC821FFBD3FA80FB20825D" box="[1137,1243,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="53">camerani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C318DCDFFBC821FFF35FAA5FEEC8239" box="[151,279,1340,1364]" class="Diplopoda" family="Platyrhacidae" genus="Tirodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9452A5CFFBC821FFF35FAA5FEEC8239" box="[151,279,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="53">Tirodesmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of his comprehensive genus
<taxonomicName id="4C318DCDFFBC821FFDCCFAA5FD0E8239" box="[622,757,1340,1364]" class="Diplopoda" family="Platyrhacidae" genus="Platyrhacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9452A5CFFBC821FFDCCFAA5FD0E8239" box="[622,757,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="53">Platyrhacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA08BBFFFBC821FFCA4FAA5FC3B8239" author="Hoffman" box="[774,960,1340,1364]" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" refString="Hoffman, R. L. (1953) Psammodesmus, a neglected milliped genus. Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, 43, 299 - 304." type="journal article" year="1953">Hoffman (1953)</bibRefCitation>
on the other hand ventured to recognize
<taxonomicName id="4C318DCDFFBC821FFF35FAF9FEB18215" box="[151,330,1376,1400]" class="Diplopoda" family="Platyrhacidae" genus="Psammodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9452A5CFFBC821FFF35FAF9FEB18215" box="[151,330,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="53">Psammodesmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the basis of a new species from
<collectingCountry id="F326B6DEFFBC821FFD41FAF8FCC58215" box="[739,830,1377,1400]" name="Panama" pageId="1" pageNumber="53">Panama</collectingCountry>
, and in 1960 went so far as to establish the new tribe
<taxonomicName id="4C318DCDFFBC821FFF35FA1DFEAB82F1" box="[151,336,1412,1436]" class="Diplopoda" family="Platyrhacidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Psammodesmini">Psammodesmini</taxonomicName>
for this one genus, also recognized in the 1980 “Classification”.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8EF64EFFBC821FFF65FA31FB348119" blockId="1.[151,1436,619,1653]" pageId="1" pageNumber="53">
The discovery that two platyrhacid species quite distinctive in peripheral characters can share a basically identical gonopod structure imposes an important caveat on future use of illustrations of these appendages in definition or identification of species of platyrhacids. Attention to peripheral characters is now mandated, but even a meticulous description like that of
<bibRefCitation id="EFA08BBFFFBC821FFE7AF98DFD538141" author="Brolemann" box="[472,680,1556,1580]" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" refString="Brolemann, H. - W. (1919) Myriapodes, in: Mission du Service geographique de l'Armee pour la Mesure d'un Arc de Meridien equatorial en Amerique du Sud 1899 - 1906, 10 (2), 235 - 275." type="journal article" year="1919">Brolemann (1919)</bibRefCitation>
for
<taxonomicName id="4C318DCDFFBC821FFD7BF98CFC8B8141" box="[729,880,1556,1580]" class="Diplopoda" family="Platyrhacidae" genus="Psammodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciolatus">
<emphasis id="B9452A5CFFBC821FFD7BF98CFC8B8141" box="[729,880,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="53">P. fasciolatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cannot anticipate every detail that future knowledge may require. A precedent to this situation is established in some Nearctic genera of the xystodesmid tribe
<taxonomicName id="4C318DCDFFBC821FFF35F9C5FEC18119" box="[151,314,1628,1652]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Rhysodesmini">Rhysodesmini</taxonomicName>
, and the oxydesmid genus
<taxonomicName id="4C318DCDFFBC821FFDCAF9C4FD358119" box="[616,718,1629,1652]" class="Diplopoda" family="Oxydesmidae" genus="Coromus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9452A5CFFBC821FFDCAF9C4FD358119" box="[616,718,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="53">Coromus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in particular provides a comparable example.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>