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<document id="C398C932C1636199C29D4EF69E093E72" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4751.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6d5c6a73-5675-46cf-98a4-ece6ddc8e121" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3712951" ID-ZooBank="7692DE47-FE0C-47CA-BF74-10302592AC5F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1584453387776" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Eiseman, Charles S. &amp; Davis, Donald R." docDate="2020" docId="B05A87DFA937FF9C07CEFF0DCAC4FD51" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4751.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4751 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Phyllonorycter ledella" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="221" masterDocId="4C63FFA7A924FF880759FF94C879FFFA" masterDocTitle="Wrong side of the leaf: assigning some Lithocolletinae species (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) to their proper genera" masterLastPageNumber="237" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="220" updateTime="1698729180572" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="5B93D6D1449D8AD65155FE57287DC6B1">Wrong side of the leaf: assigning some Lithocolletinae species (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) to their proper genera</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="47383F8F229F9E92957E87FF15881537">Eiseman, Charles S.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="B05A87DFA937FF9C07CEFF0DCAC4FD51" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3718125" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162628722" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3718125" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B05A87DFA937FF9C07CEFF0DCAC4FD51" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B05A87DFA937FF9C07CEFF0DCAC4FD51" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="221" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
<subSubSection id="70E96542A937FF9B07CEFF0DCADBFF49" box="[151,674,153,180]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="384C36C9A937FF9B07CEFF0DCADBFF49" blockId="19.[151,715,153,313]" box="[151,674,153,180]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
<heading id="630481A5A937FF9B07CEFF0DCADBFF49" bold="true" box="[151,674,153,180]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA937FF9B07CEFF0DCADBFF49" ID-CoL="6VG6M" authority="(Walsingham, 1889)" baseAuthorityName="Walsingham" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[151,674,153,180]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ledella">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA937FF9B07CEFF0DCADBFF49" bold="true" box="[151,674,153,180]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA937FF9B07CEFF0DC9DBFF4E" bold="true" box="[151,418,153,180]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Phyllonorycter ledella</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5C624B38A937FF9B06E8FF0DCAE3FF49" author="Walsingham, Lord &amp; de Grey, T." box="[433,666,153,179]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" pagination="77 - 81" refId="ref15496" refString="Walsingham, Lord (de Grey, T.) (1889) Steps towards a revision of Chambers' Index, with notes and descriptions of new species. Insect Life, 2, 77 - 81." type="journal article" year="1889">Walsingham, 1889</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="70E96542A937FF9B07CEFF29C956FF2D" box="[151,303,189,215]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" type="description">
<paragraph id="384C36C9A937FF9B07CEFF29C956FF2D" blockId="19.[151,715,153,313]" box="[151,303,189,215]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
(
<figureCitation id="A0C82A4CA937FF9B07C6FF29C95FFF2D" box="[159,294,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURES 40–42" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1820,1845]" captionTargetBox="[154,1435,482,1781]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1435,478,1794]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 40–42. Phyllonorycter ledella. 40: Flat, aborted, upper-surface leaf mine on Rhododendron groenlandicum (epidermis torn, possibly by a predator, at upper left); 41: Completed, tentiform mine; 42: Head and forewing illustration." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3712983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3712983/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Figs. 40–42</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="70E96542A937FF9B07CEFE96CC29FE7B" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="384C36C9A937FF9B07CEFE96CAB2FEC2" blockId="19.[151,715,153,313]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="18E311E7A937FF9B07CEFE96CAB2FEC2" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
<treatmentCitation id="B95210D8A937FF9B07CEFE96CA3EFEE0" author="Walsingham, Lord &amp; de Grey, T." box="[151,583,257,282]" page="79" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" year="1889">
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA937FF9B07CEFE96CA3EFEE0" authority="Walsingham 1889: 79" authorityName="Walsingham" authorityPageNumber="79" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,583,257,282]" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ledella">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA937FF9B07CEFE96C918FEE0" box="[151,353,258,282]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Lithocolletis ledella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5C624B38A937FF9B063EFE95CA3EFEE0" author="Walsingham, Lord &amp; de Grey, T." box="[359,583,257,282]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" pagination="77 - 81" refId="ref15496" refString="Walsingham, Lord (de Grey, T.) (1889) Steps towards a revision of Chambers' Index, with notes and descriptions of new species. Insect Life, 2, 77 - 81." type="journal article" year="1889">Walsingham 1889: 79</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA937FF9B07CEFEB4CA69FEC3" ID-CoL="6VG6M" authority="(Walsingham)" baseAuthorityName="Walsingham" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[151,528,288,313]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ledella">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA937FF9B07CEFEB4C903FEC2" box="[151,378,288,312]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Phyllonorycter ledella</emphasis>
(Walsingham)
</taxonomicName>
—
<treatmentCitation id="B95210D8A937FF9B0573FEB4CABFFEC2" author="Davis, D. R." box="[554,710,288,313]" page="10" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="5C624B38A937FF9B0573FEB4CABFFEC2" author="Davis, D. R." box="[554,710,288,313]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" pagination="9 - 11" refId="ref13365" refString="Davis, D. R. (1983) Gracillariidae. In: Hodges, R. W., Dominick, T., Davis, D. R., Ferguson, D. C., Franclemont, J. G., Munroe, E. G. &amp; Powell, J. A. (Eds.), Check List of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico. E. W. Classey Ltd. and The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, London, pp. 9 - 11." type="book chapter" year="1983">Davis 1983: 10</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="384C36C9A937FF9B07CEFEF2CC29FE7B" blockId="19.[151,1385,358,457]" box="[151,1104,358,385]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA937FF9B07CEFEF2C96EFE7B" bold="true" box="[151,279,358,385]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Leaf mine.</emphasis>
An upper-surface blotch, becoming wrinkled when mature (
<figureCitation id="A0C82A4CA937FF9B04E3FEF3CC3DFE7B" box="[954,1092,359,385]" captionStart="FIGURES 40–42" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1820,1845]" captionTargetBox="[154,1435,482,1781]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1435,478,1794]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 40–42. Phyllonorycter ledella. 40: Flat, aborted, upper-surface leaf mine on Rhododendron groenlandicum (epidermis torn, possibly by a predator, at upper left); 41: Completed, tentiform mine; 42: Head and forewing illustration." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3712983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3712983/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Figs. 40–41</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="70E96542A937FF9B079EFE1FCD10FE5F" box="[199,1385,395,422]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="384C36C9A937FF9B079EFE1FCD10FE5F" blockId="19.[151,1385,358,457]" box="[199,1385,395,422]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA937FF9B079EFE1FC968FE5F" bold="true" box="[199,273,395,421]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Hosts.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA937FF9B0641FE1FC9F0FE5F" box="[280,393,395,421]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ericaceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA937FF9B06CDFE1FCBEEFE5F" authority="(Piper) Harmaja" authorityName="Harmaja" authorityYear="1990" baseAuthorityName="Piper" box="[404,919,395,422]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Rhododendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="columbianum">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA937FF9B06CDFE1FCAA1FE5F" box="[404,728,395,421]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Rhododendron columbianum</emphasis>
(Piper) Harmaja
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA937FF9B04FAFE18CD10FE5F" authority="(Oeder) Kron &amp; Judd." authorityName="Kron &amp; Judd." baseAuthorityName="Oeder" box="[931,1385,395,422]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Rhododendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="groenlandicum">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA937FF9B04FAFE18CC12FE5F" box="[931,1131,395,421]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">R. groenlandicum</emphasis>
(Oeder) Kron &amp; Judd.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="70E96542A937FF9C079EFE3ACCDFFE71" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="221" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="384C36C9A937FF9B079EFE3ACCECFE33" blockId="19.[151,1385,358,457]" box="[199,1173,430,457]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA937FF9B079EFE3AC918FE33" bold="true" box="[199,353,430,457]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="40E47659A937FF9B063EFE3BC9C6FE33" box="[359,447,431,457]" name="Canada" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Canada</collectingCountry>
: AB, BC, NB, ON, QC, SK, YT;
<collectingCountry id="40E47659A937FF9B046DFE3BCB09FE33" box="[820,880,431,457]" name="United States of America" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">USA</collectingCountry>
: CA, ME, MI;
<collectingCountry id="40E47659A937FF9B0340FE3BCCE8FE33" box="[1049,1169,431,457]" name="Greenland" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Greenland</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="6C8C6641A937FF9B07CEF888CD5BF8A3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3712983" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3712983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3712983/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" startId="19.[151,264,1820,1845]" targetBox="[154,1435,482,1781]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="384C36C9A937FF9B07CEF888CD5BF8A3" blockId="19.[151,1436,1820,1881]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA937FF9B07CEF888C92DF8CF" bold="true" box="[151,340,1820,1845]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">FIGURES 40–42.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA937FF9B0603F889CA44F8CF" baseAuthorityName="Walsingham" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[346,573,1821,1845]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ledella">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA937FF9B0603F889CA44F8CF" box="[346,573,1821,1845]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Phyllonorycter ledella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA937FF9B0510F888CA12F8CF" bold="true" box="[585,619,1820,1845]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">40:</emphasis>
Flat, aborted, upper-surface leaf mine on
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA937FF9B034BF889CD3FF8CF" box="[1042,1350,1821,1845]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Rhododendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="groenlandicum">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA937FF9B034BF889CD3FF8CF" box="[1042,1350,1821,1845]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Rhododendron groenlandicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(epidermis torn, possibly by a predator, at upper left);
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA937FF9B052DF8D4CAECF8A3" bold="true" box="[628,661,1856,1881]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">41:</emphasis>
Completed, tentiform mine;
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA937FF9B04E5F8D4CBA7F8A3" bold="true" box="[956,990,1856,1881]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">42:</emphasis>
Head and forewing illustration.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="384C36C9A937FF9C079EF812CCDFFE71" blockId="19.[151,1437,1926,2025]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1437,152,683]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="221" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA937FF9B079EF812C95DF85B" bold="true" box="[199,292,1926,1953]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Review.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5C624B38A937FF9B0672F813CA70F85B" author="Walsingham, Lord &amp; de Grey, T." box="[299,521,1927,1953]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" pagination="77 - 81" refId="ref15496" refString="Walsingham, Lord (de Grey, T.) (1889) Steps towards a revision of Chambers' Index, with notes and descriptions of new species. Insect Life, 2, 77 - 81." type="journal article" year="1889">Walsingham (1889)</bibRefCitation>
reared the
<typeStatus id="E748886BA937FF9B05DEF81CCACEF858" box="[647,695,1928,1954]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">type</typeStatus>
series from “somewhat folded mines, occupying the whole upper side of leaves of
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA937FF9B0638F83FCA31F83F" box="[353,584,1963,1989]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Ledum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulosum">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA937FF9B0638F83FCA31F83F" box="[353,584,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Ledum glandulosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” (=
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA937FF9B052EF83FCBC6F83F" authorityName="Harmaja" authorityYear="1990" baseAuthorityName="Piper" box="[631,959,1963,1989]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Rhododendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="columbianum">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA937FF9B052EF83FCBC6F83F" box="[631,959,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Rhododendron columbianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) collected in Mendocino Co., California. This species has since been recorded from Quebec and
<collectingCountry id="40E47659A937FF9B044AF85BCBF2F813" box="[787,907,1999,2025]" name="Greenland" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Greenland</collectingCountry>
, where it has been reared from
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA937FF9C03AEF85BC939FF49" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Rhododendron" kingdom="Plantae" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="221" order="Ericales" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="groenlandicum">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA937FF9C03AEF85BC939FF49" italics="true" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="221" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Rhododendron groenlandicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5C624B38A930FF9C0616FF0DCA7AFF49" author="Handfield, L." box="[335,515,153,179]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" pagination="1 - 155" refId="ref14377" refString="Handfield, L. (1997) Liste des Lepidopteres du Quebec et du Labrador. Fabreries, Supplement 7, 1 - 155." type="journal article" year="1997">Handfield 1997</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="5C624B38A930FF9C0549FF0DCA8AFF49" author="Karsholt, O. &amp; Kristensen, N. P. &amp; Simonsen, T. J. &amp; Ahola, M." box="[528,755,152,179]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" pagination="302 - 352" refId="ref14481" refString="Karsholt, O., Kristensen, N. P., Simonsen, T. J. &amp; Ahola, M. (2015) Lepidoptera (Moths and butterflies). In: Bocher, J., Kristensen, N. P., Pape, T. &amp; Vihelmsen, L. (Eds.), The Greenland Entomofauna: An Identification Manual of Insects, Spiders and Their Allies. Brill, Leiden, pp. 302 - 352. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004261051 _ 016" type="book chapter" year="2015">
Karsholt
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA930FF9C0521FF0ECAC9FF49" box="[632,688,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="5C624B38A930FF9C05A6FF0DCC52FF49" author="De Prins, J. &amp; De Prins, W." box="[767,1067,153,179]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" refId="ref13662" refString="De Prins, J. &amp; De Prins, W. (2019) Global Taxonomic Database of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera). Available from: http: // www. gracillariidae. net (accessed 17 September 2019)" type="url" year="2019">De Prins &amp; De Prins 2019</bibRefCitation>
), as well as from British Columbia (
<bibRefCitation id="5C624B38A930FF9C0793FF29C9FCFF2D" author="Pohl, G. R. &amp; Cannings, R. A. &amp; Landry, J. - F. &amp; Holden, D. G. &amp; Scudder, G. G. E." box="[202,389,188,215]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref15103" refString="Pohl, G. R., Cannings, R. A., Landry, J. - F., Holden, D. G. &amp; Scudder, G. G. E. (2015) Checklist of the Lepidoptera of British Columbia, Canada. Entomological Society of British Columbia Occasional Paper, 3, 1 - 294." type="journal article" year="2015">
Pohl
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA930FF9C065EFF2AC943FF2D" box="[263,314,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">et al</emphasis>
. 2015
</bibRefCitation>
), Yukon, Alberta, and Ontario (
<bibRefCitation id="5C624B38A930FF9C05B2FF29CBD1FF2D" author="Pohl, G. R. &amp; Landry, J. - F. &amp; Schmidt, B. C. &amp; Lafontaine, J. D. &amp; Troubridge, J. T. &amp; Macaulay, A. D. &amp; van Nieukerken, E. J. &amp; deWaard, J. R. &amp; Dombroskie, J. J. &amp; Klymko, J. &amp; Nazari, V. &amp; Stead, K." box="[747,936,189,215]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" pagination="1 - 580" refId="ref15167" refString="Pohl, G. R., Landry, J. - F., Schmidt, B. C., Lafontaine, J. D., Troubridge, J. T., Macaulay, A. D., van Nieukerken, E. J., deWaard, J. R., Dombroskie, J. J., Klymko, J., Nazari, V. &amp; Stead, K. (2018) Annotated checklist of the moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera) of Canada and Alaska. Series Faunistica, Pensoft, 118, 1 - 580." type="journal article" year="2018">
Pohl
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA930FF9C0470FF2ACB22FF2D" box="[809,859,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">et al</emphasis>
. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
). An aborted mine on
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA930FF9C03FEFF2ACD09FF2D" box="[1191,1392,189,215]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Rhododendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="groenlandicum">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA930FF9C03FEFF2ACD09FF2D" box="[1191,1392,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">R. groenlandicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
apparently representing
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA930FF9C06C9FF75CAF7FF01" baseAuthorityName="Walsingham" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[400,654,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ledella">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA930FF9C06C9FF75CAF7FF01" box="[400,654,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Phyllonorycter ledella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was photographed in Saskatchewan (
<bibRefCitation id="5C624B38A930FF9C0366FF75CD68FF01" author="Dombroskie, J. J." box="[1087,1297,225,251]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" refId="ref13818" refString="Dombroskie, J. J. (2017) Rhododendron miner. Available from: https: // bugguide. net / node / view / 1328881 (accessed 23 September 2019)" type="url" year="2017">Dombroskie 2017</bibRefCitation>
), and
<bibRefCitation id="5C624B38A930FF9C0201FF75C89BFEE5" author="Adam, C." pageId="20" pageNumber="221" refId="ref12507" refString="Adam, C. (2019) Adult 0763 Phyllonorycter ledella. Available from: https: // bugguide. net / node / view / 1679471 (accessed 23 September 2019)" type="url" year="2019">Adam (2019)</bibRefCitation>
reared adults from this host in New Brunswick (Fredericton, York Co.).
<bibRefCitation id="5C624B38A930FF9C0352FE91CC82FEE5" author="Karsholt, O. &amp; Kristensen, N. P. &amp; Simonsen, T. J. &amp; Ahola, M." box="[1035,1275,260,287]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" pagination="302 - 352" refId="ref14481" refString="Karsholt, O., Kristensen, N. P., Simonsen, T. J. &amp; Ahola, M. (2015) Lepidoptera (Moths and butterflies). In: Bocher, J., Kristensen, N. P., Pape, T. &amp; Vihelmsen, L. (Eds.), The Greenland Entomofauna: An Identification Manual of Insects, Spiders and Their Allies. Brill, Leiden, pp. 302 - 352. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004261051 _ 016" type="book chapter" year="2015">
Karsholt
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA930FF9C032BFE92CCD3FEE5" box="[1138,1194,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">et al.</emphasis>
(2015)
</bibRefCitation>
stated that the distribution of
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA930FF9C0618FEBEC9D3FEB9" baseAuthorityName="Walsingham" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[321,426,297,323]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ledella">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA930FF9C0618FEBEC9D3FEB9" box="[321,426,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">P. ledella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes “north-eastern and western
<collectingCountry id="40E47659A930FF9C0408FEBDCBF7FEB9" box="[849,910,297,323]" name="United States of America" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">USA</collectingCountry>
,” but apart from
<collectingRegion id="FA37F82BA930FF9C0309FEBDCCC2FEB9" box="[1104,1211,297,323]" country="United States of America" name="Michigan" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Michigan</collectingRegion>
specimens listed in Appendix 1 of
<bibRefCitation id="5C624B38A930FF9C061AFED9CA50FE9D" author="Landry, J. - F. &amp; Nazari, V. &amp; Dewaard, J. R. &amp; Mutanen, M. &amp; Lopez-Vaamonde, C. &amp; Huemer, P. &amp; Hebert, P. D. N." box="[323,553,333,359]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" pagination="1 - 93" refId="ref14708" refString="Landry, J. - F., Nazari, V., Dewaard, J. R., Mutanen, M., Lopez-Vaamonde, C., Huemer, P. &amp; Hebert, P. D. N. (2013) Shared but overlooked: 30 species of Holarctic Microlepidoptera revealed by DNA barcodes and morphology. Zootaxa, 3749 (1), 1 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3749.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">
Landry
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA930FF9C06C5FEDAC9B7FE9D" box="[412,462,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">et al</emphasis>
. (2013)
</bibRefCitation>
, there are no specific literature records from states other than
<collectingRegion id="FA37F82BA930FF9C03B1FED9CD24FE9D" box="[1256,1373,333,359]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">California</collectingRegion>
. CSE has found old mines on
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA930FF9C06FAFEE6CA15FE71" box="[419,620,369,395]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Rhododendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="groenlandicum">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA930FF9C06FAFEE6CA15FE71" box="[419,620,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">R. groenlandicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingRegion id="FA37F82BA930FF9C05D6FEE5CAAEFE71" box="[655,727,369,395]" country="United States of America" name="Maine" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Maine</collectingRegion>
(Steuben,
<collectingRegion id="FA37F82BA930FF9C0417FEE5CBAAFE71" box="[846,979,369,395]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Washington</collectingRegion>
Co.;
<figureCitation id="A0C82A4CA930FF9C0348FEE5CCE3FE71" box="[1041,1178,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURES 40–42" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1820,1845]" captionTargetBox="[154,1435,482,1781]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1435,478,1794]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 40–42. Phyllonorycter ledella. 40: Flat, aborted, upper-surface leaf mine on Rhododendron groenlandicum (epidermis torn, possibly by a predator, at upper left); 41: Completed, tentiform mine; 42: Head and forewing illustration." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3712983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3712983/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Figs. 40–41</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="70E96542A930FF9C079EFE00CAC4FD51" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="384C36C9A930FF9C079EFE00CAC4FD51" blockId="20.[151,1437,152,683]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA930FF9C079EFE00C936FE55" bold="true" box="[199,335,404,431]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Comments.</emphasis>
In
<collectingCountry id="40E47659A930FF9C0623FE01C996FE55" box="[378,495,405,431]" name="Greenland" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Greenland</collectingCountry>
it has been suggested that
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA930FF9C0470FE01CC5EFE55" baseAuthorityName="Walsingham" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[809,1063,405,431]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ledella">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA930FF9C0470FE01CC5EFE55" box="[809,1063,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Phyllonorycter ledella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may have a two-year life cycle, with larvae hibernating in non-deciduous leaves (
<bibRefCitation id="5C624B38A930FF9C0598FE2DCBD1FE29" author="Karsholt, O. &amp; Kristensen, N. P. &amp; Simonsen, T. J. &amp; Ahola, M." box="[705,936,440,467]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" pagination="302 - 352" refId="ref14481" refString="Karsholt, O., Kristensen, N. P., Simonsen, T. J. &amp; Ahola, M. (2015) Lepidoptera (Moths and butterflies). In: Bocher, J., Kristensen, N. P., Pape, T. &amp; Vihelmsen, L. (Eds.), The Greenland Entomofauna: An Identification Manual of Insects, Spiders and Their Allies. Brill, Leiden, pp. 302 - 352. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004261051 _ 016" type="book chapter" year="2015">
Karsholt
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA930FF9C0472FE2ECB1DFE29" box="[811,868,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
). Adults have been found in
<collectingCountry id="40E47659A930FF9C03B3FE2DCD26FE29" box="[1258,1375,441,467]" name="Greenland" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Greenland</collectingCountry>
from late July to early August. The available records from
<collectingCountry id="40E47659A930FF9C05B0FE49CB44FE0D" box="[745,829,477,503]" name="Canada" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Canada</collectingCountry>
and the
<collectingCountry id="40E47659A930FF9C04C5FE49CBB9FE0D" box="[924,960,477,503]" name="United States of America" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">US</collectingCountry>
similarly only account for one generation:
<bibRefCitation id="5C624B38A930FF9C07CEFD95C90AFDE1" author="Dombroskie, J. J." box="[151,371,513,539]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" refId="ref13785" refString="Dombroskie, J. J. (2011)? Phyllonorycter. Available from: https: // bugguide. net / node / view / 483807 (accessed 23 September 2019)" type="url" year="2011">Dombroskie (2011)</bibRefCitation>
photographed what appears to be a mine containing a feeding larva of
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA930FF9C03CFFD96CC87FDE1" baseAuthorityName="Walsingham" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[1174,1278,513,539]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ledella">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA930FF9C03CFFD96CC87FDE1" box="[1174,1278,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">P. ledella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Ontario on 8 May; the Quebec specimen shown by
<bibRefCitation id="5C624B38A930FF9C0507FDB1CBE3FDC5" author="De Prins, J. &amp; De Prins, W." box="[606,922,549,575]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" refId="ref13662" refString="De Prins, J. &amp; De Prins, W. (2019) Global Taxonomic Database of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera). Available from: http: // www. gracillariidae. net (accessed 17 September 2019)" type="url" year="2019">De Prins &amp; De Prins (2019)</bibRefCitation>
was reared from a larva or pupa collected on 10 May (the adult emerged on 29 May according to J.-F. Landry,
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA930FF9C0425FDDECBB9FD99" box="[892,960,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">in litt.</emphasis>
); the New Brunswick specimens emerged from 15 to 18 June from mines collected on 22 May (
<bibRefCitation id="5C624B38A930FF9C05B2FDF9CB0CFD7D" author="Adam, C." box="[747,885,621,647]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" refId="ref12507" refString="Adam, C. (2019) Adult 0763 Phyllonorycter ledella. Available from: https: // bugguide. net / node / view / 1679471 (accessed 23 September 2019)" type="url" year="2019">Adam 2019</bibRefCitation>
); and the
<typeStatus id="E748886BA930FF9C04B8FDF9CC68FD7D" box="[993,1041,621,647]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">type</typeStatus>
series emerged in June from mines collected in the same month (
<bibRefCitation id="5C624B38A930FF9C06B9FD05CAC9FD51" author="Walsingham, Lord &amp; de Grey, T." box="[480,688,657,683]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" pagination="77 - 81" refId="ref15496" refString="Walsingham, Lord (de Grey, T.) (1889) Steps towards a revision of Chambers' Index, with notes and descriptions of new species. Insect Life, 2, 77 - 81." type="journal article" year="1889">Walsingham 1889</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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