145 lines
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145 lines
18 KiB
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<mods:title id="2D93D8BC52DAC6736D7670B52CC084EF">A new species of Heterogorgia Verrill, 1868 (Octocorallia, Malacalcyonacea) from a mesophotic fishing shoal in the eastern Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0952CA337E0260037433E8FF761F4356">Breedy, Odalisca</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="56E5E05D27C4124F7113ABB2F39B5505">Museo de Zoología, Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ecología Tropical, Universidad de Costa Rica, P. O. Box 11501 - 2060, San José, Costa Rica, and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Republic of Panama & Centro de Investigación en Estructuras Microscópicas, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica & Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F2308446AF92618F458D921BC3C3D5EA">Murillo-Cruz, Catalina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="93F79533D7D82D6801CAF39D96A8509F">Centro de Investigación en Estructuras Microscópicas, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="EB1D7854C1C092D29AD6CA0B5F1D4C85">Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica</mods:affiliation>
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="2F8ECB854846B40CFF3DFCBDE957897A" ID-CoL="84P3P" authority="Verrill, 1868" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1868" box="[238,558,834,860]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Heterogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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Heterogorgia
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<bibRefCitation id="8C1FCDF74846B40CFE40FCBCE957897A" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[403,558,834,860]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" pagination="377 - 478" refId="ref5991" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1868) Notes on Radiata in the Museum of Yale College, number 6: review of the corals and polyps of the west coast of America. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2 nd Edition, 1, 377 - 478." type="journal article" year="1868">Verrill, 1868</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="2F8ECB854846B40CFF44FC76EA9B89B9" ID-CoL="84P3P" authority="Verrill, 1868: 413" authorityName="Verrill" authorityPageNumber="413" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,482,903,927]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Heterogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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Heterogorgia
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<bibRefCitation id="8C1FCDF74846B40CFEF4FC79EA9B89B9" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[295,482,903,927]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" pagination="377 - 478" refId="ref5991" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1868) Notes on Radiata in the Museum of Yale College, number 6: review of the corals and polyps of the west coast of America. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2 nd Edition, 1, 377 - 478." type="journal article" year="1868">Verrill, 1868: 413</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="692F96174846B40CFE3EFC79E9DD89B9" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[493,676,903,927]" page="450" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" year="1869">
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<bibRefCitation id="8C1FCDF74846B40CFE3EFC79E9DD89B9" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[493,676,903,927]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" pagination="423 - 502" refId="ref6046" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1869) Notes on Radiata in the Museum of Yale College, Number 6: Review of the corals and polyps of the West Coast of America. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2 nd Edition, 1869, 423 - 502." type="journal article" year="1869">Verrill, 1869: 450</bibRefCitation>
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(emended); Studer, 1887: 57;
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<treatmentCitation id="692F96174846B40CFC31FC79EF8389B9" author="Wright, E. P. & Studer, T." box="[994,1274,903,927]" page="55" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" year="1889">
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<bibRefCitation id="8C1FCDF74846B40CFC31FC79EF8389B9" author="Wright, E. P. & Studer, T." box="[994,1274,903,927]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" refId="ref6132" refString="Wright, E. P. & Studer, T. (1889) Report on the Alcyonaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Challenger Zoology, 31, 314." type="journal volume" year="1889">Wright & Studer, 1889: 55</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="692F96174846B40CFAD4FC79EB9A8998" author="Nutting, C. C." page="87" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" year="1910">
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<bibRefCitation id="8C1FCDF74846B40CFAD4FC79EB9A8998" author="Nutting, C. C." pageId="2" pageNumber="575" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref5826" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1910) The Gorgonacea of the Siboga Expedition III. The Muriceidae. Siboga-Expedition Monograph, 13 b, 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1910">Nutting, 1910: 87</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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; Kükenthal, 1919: 844; Kükenthal, 1924: 229–230;
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<bibRefCitation id="8C1FCDF74846B40CFD28FC58E8038998" author="Bayer, F. M." box="[763,890,934,958]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" refId="ref4764" refString="Bayer, F. M. (1956) Octocorallia: In: Moore, R. C. (Ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part F. Coelenterata. Geological Society of America, Boulder, Colorado and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas, pp. F 163 - F 231." type="journal volume" year="1956">Bayer, 1956</bibRefCitation>
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: F206;
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<treatmentCitation id="692F96174846B40CFC1BFC58EFF08998" author="Harden, D. G." box="[968,1161,934,958]" page="112" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" year="1979">
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<bibRefCitation id="8C1FCDF74846B40CFC1BFC58EFF08998" author="Harden, D. G." box="[968,1161,934,958]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" refId="ref5399" refString="Harden, D. G. (1979) Intuitive and numerical classification of east Pacific Gorgonacea (Octocorallia). Unpublished PhD thesis, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois. [unknown pagination]" type="book" year="1979">Harden, 1979: 112</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="692F96174846B40CFB46FC58EE318998" author="Bayer, F. M." box="[1173,1352,934,958]" page="931" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" year="1981">
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<bibRefCitation id="8C1FCDF74846B40CFB46FC58EE318998" author="Bayer, F. M." box="[1173,1352,934,958]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" pagination="902 - 947" refId="ref4824" refString="Bayer, F. M. (1981) Key to the genera of Octocorallia exclusive of Pennatulacea (Coelenterata: Anthozoa), with diagnoses of new taxa. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 94, 902 - 947." type="journal article" year="1981">Bayer, 1981: 931</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="692F96174846B40CFA87FC58EA1C89FA" author="Castro, C. B." page="412" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" year="1990">
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<bibRefCitation id="8C1FCDF74846B40CFA87FC58EA1C89FA" author="Castro, C. B." pageId="2" pageNumber="575" pagination="411 - 420" refId="ref5134" refString="Castro, C. B. (1990) A new species of Heterogorgia Verrill, 1868 (Coelenterata, Octocorallia) from Brazil with comments on the type species of the genus. Bulletin of Marine Science, 47, 411 - 420." type="journal article" year="1990">Castro, 1990: 412–415</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="692F96174846B40CFEA3FC3AE9A589FB" author="Breedy, O. & Guzman, H. M." box="[368,732,964,989]" page="801" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" year="2005">
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<bibRefCitation id="8C1FCDF74846B40CFEA3FC3AE9A589FB" author="Breedy, O. & Guzman, H. M." box="[368,732,964,989]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" pagination="801 - 807" refId="ref4994" refString="Breedy, O. & Guzman, H. M. (2005) A new species of alcyonacean octocoral from the Galapagos Archipelago. Journal of the Marine Biology Association of the United Kingdom, 85, 801 - 807." type="journal article" year="2005">Breedy & Guzman, 2005: 801–803</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="692F96174846B40CFD3BFC3BE8BF89FB" author="Vargas, S. & Eitel, M. & Breedy, O. & Schierwater, B." box="[744,966,964,989]" page="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" year="2010">
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<bibRefCitation id="8C1FCDF74846B40CFD3BFC3BE8BF89FB" author="Vargas, S. & Eitel, M. & Breedy, O. & Schierwater, B." box="[744,966,964,989]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref5943" refString="Vargas, S., Eitel, M., Breedy, O. & Schierwater, B. (2010) Molecules match morphology: mitochondrial DNA supports Bayer's Lytreia-Bebryce-Heterogorgia (Alcyonacea: Octocorallia) clade hypothesis. Invertebrate Systematics, 24, 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="2010">Vargas et al., 2010: 4</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="692F96174846B40CFC01FC3BEFB189FA" author="Castro, C. B. & Medeiros, M. S. & Loiola, L. L." box="[978,1224,964,989]" page="776" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" year="2010">
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<bibRefCitation id="8C1FCDF74846B40CFC01FC3BEFB189FA" author="Castro, C. B. & Medeiros, M. S. & Loiola, L. L." box="[978,1224,964,989]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" pagination="763 - 827" refId="ref5179" refString="Castro, C. B., Medeiros, M. S. & Loiola, L. L. (2010) Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Brazilian reefs. Journal of Natural History, 44, 763 - 827." type="journal article" year="2010">Castro et al., 2010: 776</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="692F96174846B40CFB07FC3AEA5B89DD" author="Breedy, O. & Guzman, H. M." page="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" year="2011">
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<bibRefCitation id="8C1FCDF74846B40CFB07FC3AEA5B89DD" author="Breedy, O. & Guzman, H. M." pageId="2" pageNumber="575" pagination="27 - 44" refId="ref5036" refString="Breedy, O. & Guzman, H. M. (2011) A revision of the genus Heterogorgia Verrill, 1868 (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Plexauridae). Zootaxa, 2995, 27 - 44." type="journal article" year="2011">Breedy & Guzman, 2011: 28</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<typeStatus id="37350EA44846B40CFF44FBFCEBB08E3C" box="[151,201,1026,1050]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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||
<taxonomicName id="2F8ECB854846B40CFEF5FBFCE9DB8E3C" authority="Verrill, 1868" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1868" box="[294,674,1026,1050]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Heterogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="verrucosa">
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||
Heterogorgia verrucosa
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||
<bibRefCitation id="8C1FCDF74846B40CFDF3FBFCE9DB8E3C" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[544,674,1026,1050]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" pagination="377 - 478" refId="ref5991" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1868) Notes on Radiata in the Museum of Yale College, number 6: review of the corals and polyps of the west coast of America. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2 nd Edition, 1, 377 - 478." type="journal article" year="1868">Verrill, 1868</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by subsequent designation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8C1FCDF74846B40CFC16FBFCEF048E3C" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[965,1149,1026,1050]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref5826" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1910) The Gorgonacea of the Siboga Expedition III. The Muriceidae. Siboga-Expedition Monograph, 13 b, 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1910">Nutting, 1910: 87</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A094E38D4846B40CFF44FBB6E8C48FEC" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="E831B0064846B40CFF44FBB6E99A8E44" blockId="2.[151,1437,1096,1483]" box="[151,739,1096,1122]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">
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Diagnosis (modified from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8C1FCDF74846B40CFE12FBB6E9A28E44" author="Breedy, O. & Guzman, H. M." box="[449,731,1096,1122]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" pagination="27 - 44" refId="ref5036" refString="Breedy, O. & Guzman, H. M. (2011) A revision of the genus Heterogorgia Verrill, 1868 (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Plexauridae). Zootaxa, 2995, 27 - 44." type="journal article" year="2011">Breedy & Guzman, 2011</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E831B0064846B40CFF14FB92E8C48FEC" blockId="2.[151,1437,1096,1483]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">The axis is horny with a chambered central core. Colonies are composed of several stout stems that could be unbranched or branch laterally and irregularly. They arise from spreading holdfasts or incrust on crevices. The coenenchyme is thin to moderately thick, mostly with a granulose surface.All sclerites are colourless. Coenenchymal sclerites are: radiates, strongly and unevenly tuberculated spindles, that may be branched, irregular spindle-derived forms, and crosses with the four arms of the same or different length. Club-like sclerites could be present. Polyps are retractile within protruding calyces; neck zone of the anthocodiae is with or without sclerites. Polyps are from bright yellow to colourless when alive and whitish when preserved in ethanol. Anthocodiae have a well-defined collaret consisting of one or more transverse rows of spindles that could be long, strong, and bent; and points consisting of long spiny spindles en chevron. Calyces are prominent, with a lobed rim that is armed with projecting thorns. Colour of the colonies is white, beige, or greyish; or of darker hues when dried.</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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