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146 lines
14 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.820.30139" ID-GBIF-Dataset="74117f4a-3b93-49e6-8edd-dcf213b44d28" ID-PMC="PMC6361877" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-820-1" ID-PubMed="30728737" ID-ZBK="48EA7FBF3FF843A5A58769CB11136112" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2019" ModsDocID="1313-2970-820-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 820" ModsDocTitle="Amblypygids of Timor-Leste: first records of the order from the country with the description of a remarkable new species of Sarax (Arachnida, Amblypygi, Charinidae)" checkinTime="1548695301781" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Miranda, Gustavo Silva de & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S." docDate="2019" docId="2B7CF385901E93110CC92BC92BC2E8C6" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 820: 1-12" docOrigin="ZooKeys 820" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.820.30139" docTitle="Sarax timorensis Miranda & Reboleira, 2019, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="6E232CB2-B2CC-45A9-9E19-A9BACEE0CBC5" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="FF8B9E75FFC7F2112679D538FFFBFFE2" masterDocTitle="Amblypygids of Timor-Leste: first records of the order from the country with the description of a remarkable new species of Sarax (Arachnida, Amblypygi, Charinidae)" masterLastPageNumber="12" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668166855611" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Amblypygids of Timor-Leste: first records of the order from the country with the description of a remarkable new species of Sarax (Arachnida, Amblypygi, Charinidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Miranda, Gustavo Silva de</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>820</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>12</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.820.30139</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.820.30139</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-820-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">48EA7FBF3FF843A5A58769CB11136112</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">48EA7FBF3FF843A5A58769CB11136112</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="154126627" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6E232CB2-B2CC-45A9-9E19-A9BACEE0CBC5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2B7CF385901E93110CC92BC92BC2E8C6" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/6E232CB2-B2CC-45A9-9E19-A9BACEE0CBC5" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Sarax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarax timorensis" order="Amblypygi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="timorensis">Sarax timorensis</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 1, 2, 3
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Holotype: Timor-Leste:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lautém">Lautem</normalizedToken>
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district, Puropoko Cave,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="8.543832">8.543832N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="127.066216">127.066215E</geoCoordinate>
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, 6-12.ix.2016, A.S.P.S. Reboleira leg. (male, NHMD). Female unknown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Sarax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarax timorensis" order="Amblypygi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="timorensis">Sarax timorensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. can be recognized by the large size (body total length 12.82 mm), presence of only two pairs of lateral eyes, eight frontal setae, cheliceral claw with six teeth, two spines on dorsal pedipalp tarsus, male gonopod with sclerotization on the base of fistula, dorsal lobe and lateral lobe II, basitibia IV with four pseudoarticles and distitibia IV with six trichobothria on the frontal and caudal series. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by the presence of only two pairs of lateral eyes, a unique character state known only from a few fossil species (
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" genus="Kronocharon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kronocharon longicalcaris" order="Amblypygi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicalcaris">Kronocharon longicalcaris</taxonomicName>
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Wunderlich, 2015 and
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Paracharontidae" genus="Paracharonopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paracharonopsis cambayensis" order="Amblypygi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cambayensis">Paracharonopsis cambayensis</taxonomicName>
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Engel & Grimaldi, 2014).
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Sarax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarax timorensis" order="Amblypygi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="timorensis">Sarax timorensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. differs from the fossil species by the size (new species much larger) and the number of spines on the pedipalp. Female unknown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description of holotype male.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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(All variation are from right-left asymmetry): Carapace (Figs 1A, B; 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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) with small granules scattered between the lateral eyes and among the sulcs. Median eyes and tubercle weakly developed (Fig. 1B); one pair of setae on the median tubercle; two pairs of lateral eyes (Fig. 2B, C) weakly developed, pale colored, with one setae lateral to the eyes; lateral eyes close to the border of the carapace; presence of a curved crest between lateral eyes and the border of the carapace; eight frontal setae; frontal process well developed, triangular, not seen from above. Tritosternum (Fig. 1C) projected anteriorly with the typical
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<taxonomicName family="Charinidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Charinidae</taxonomicName>
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setation; tritosternum long, surpassing the base of the pedipalp coxae; other sternal platelets narrow and projected, with a pair of setae on the top of the plaque and some smaller ones in the base; pentasternum with four setae close to the membranous region and two setae distally.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Figure 1. Details of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Sarax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarax timorensis" order="Amblypygi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="timorensis">Sarax timorensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. A Dorsal habitus B Frontal process and eyes C Sternum D Dorsal view of pedipalp E Ventral view of pedipalp. Scale bar: 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Chelicera (Figs 3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–G">D-G</normalizedToken>
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) with a broad and short projection on the ectal side, opposite to the bifid tooth, on the basal segment; ectal side of cheliceral claw (Fig. 3F) with row of setae until the middle of the claw; cheliceral claw with six teeth; mesal side of basal segment proximally with several setae in more than two rows; bifid tooth of basal segment with four teeth in the row with upper cusp larger than lower.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Abdomen with ventral sacs cover well developed. Male genital operculum (Figs 3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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) with short setae in the border of the genital plaque; longer setae scattered over the setae of the genital operculum; inner border of the fistula well sclerotized (Figs 3A, B); base of LoL 2 sclerotized; LoL 2 fimbriated; PI not surpassing the border of the LaM.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pedipalp coxae without setae inside the round carena and with 3-4 setae in its border. Pedipalp trochanter with ventral apophysis pointing forward (Fig. 1D, E), bearing more than 20 strong setae; one spine below the apophysis half the size of the projection of the apophysis and one spine in the middle of the trochanter, in the same row of the long setae. Pedipalp femur (Fig. 1D, E) with four dorsal and with 3-4 ventral spines in the main series; femur dorsal with three prominent setiferous tubercles between the first spine and the proximal margin; femur dorsal with one smaller spine between spines 1-2 and 2-3; femur ventral with one long spine between spine 1 and proximal margin of the segment, two thirds spine 1; femur ventral with 2-3 spines between spines 1-2 and one spine between spines 2-3. Pedipalp patella (Fig. 1D, E) dorsal with 4-5 spines in the main series; one prominent spines distal to spine I; patella ventral with 3-4 spines decreasing in size from distal to proximal; three small setiferous tubercle between spine I and distal border. Pedipalp tibia (Fig. 1D, E) dorsal with two long spines, the distal longer than the proximal; tibia ventral with one distal spine and 5-7 long setae between spine and distal margin. Pedipalp tarsus (Fig. 1D, E; 2 D, E) with two dorsal spines in the right palp and one in the left palp; the two spines are short, subequal; cleaning organ with 37 setae in the ventral row. Tibia I with 23; tarsus I with> 26 articles (both legs incomplete; this number refers to the leg with most of the articles); first tarsal article the same size as the following article. Basitibia IV divided in four pseudo-articles, with a sclerotized, denticulated border in the apex of the articles; bt in the distal third of the pseudo-article; distitibia IV with trichobothria bc closer to sbf than to bf, and sc and sf with six trichobothria each.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Measurements (in mm): Carapace: length 4.96, width 6.64. Body total length: 12.82. Pedipalp (right-left): femur 7.76-8.0, patella 7.52-7.62, tibia 2.36-2.60, tarsus 1.88-1.94, tarsal claw 1.16-1.28. Leg I femur 20.8. Leg IV: femur 11.7, basitibia
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<normalizedToken originalValue="IV–I">IV-I</normalizedToken>
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9.0, basitibia
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<normalizedToken originalValue="IV–II">IV-II</normalizedToken>
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2.6, basitibia IV-III 2.6, basitibia
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<normalizedToken originalValue="IV–IV">IV-IV</normalizedToken>
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2.6, distitibia 5.25, basitarsus 2.56, other tarsal articles 1.48.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Figure 2. Details of carapace and pedipalp of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Sarax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarax timorensis" order="Amblypygi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="timorensis">Sarax timorensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. A Dorsal view of carapace B Detail of the left pair of eyes C Detail of the right pair of eyes D Detail of the spines on right dorsal tarsus E Details of spines on left dorsal tarsus. Scale bar: 1 mm (A, D, E); 0.5mm (B, C).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Figure 3. Male gonopod and chelicera of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Sarax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarax timorensis" order="Amblypygi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="timorensis">Sarax timorensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. A Dorsal view of male gonopod B Posterior view of male gonopod C Ventral view of male gonopod D Mesal view of right chelicera E Dorsal view of right chelicera; detail of the small projection F Ectal view of right chelicera G Ventral view of right chelicera. Scale bar: 0.5 mm (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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); 1mm (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–G">D-G</normalizedToken>
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); 0.25mm (F inset).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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The new species was found in a cave on the border of the Ira Lalaro Lake, a huge closed karst depression in the Eastern part of the Timor Island (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Freire et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="O'Connor, S" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Archaeological Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="143 - 159" title="Cave stratigraphies and cave breccias: Implications for sediment accumulation and removal models and interpreting the record of human occupation." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2016.05.002" volume="77" year="2017">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="O’Connor">O'Connor</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2017
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</bibRefCitation>
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). The atmospheric temperature in the cave is 32 °C. The cave has a stream with a high density of leeches in its substrate and harbors a large colony of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" order="Chiroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="order">Chiroptera</taxonomicName>
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. Some snakes were also observed hunting the bats in its narrow galleries. The high content in bat guano gives rise to high densities of cockroaches which are very active along the cave.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |