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<mods:title id="1A65E910B59879211F00F652B269A405">Revision of the black fungus gnat species (Diptera: Sciaridae) described by W. A. Steffan from Micronesia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E91F4A64C73CA7E99B9B732B2795D0B1">Broadley, Adam</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C38B0B2FE063B4A7B887B999F48C6105">Ellen Kauschke, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Institute of Zoology, Stephanstrasse 24, 35390 Giessen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03F2879E8157FFF4FF4DFD9DAB20FD8C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3797641" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163830096" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3797641" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F2879E8157FFF4FF4DFD9DAB20FD8C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F2879E8157FFF4FF4DFD9DAB20FD8C" lastPageNumber="224" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">
<subSubSection id="C34165038157FFF4FF4DFD9DAB44FF0E" box="[151,616,153,180]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE436888157FFF4FF4DFD9DAB44FF0E" blockId="9.[151,616,153,180]" box="[151,616,153,180]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">
<heading id="D0AC81E48157FFF4FF4DFD9DAB44FF0E" bold="true" box="[151,616,153,180]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D0B8157FFF4FF4DFD9DAB44FF0E" ID-CoL="8BLH4" authority="(Johannsen, 1912)" baseAuthorityName="Johannsen" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[151,616,153,180]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Cosmosciara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hartii">
<emphasis id="B92FEA9A8157FFF4FF4DFD9DAB44FF0E" bold="true" box="[151,616,153,180]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">
<emphasis id="B92FEA9A8157FFF4FF4DFD9DA852FF09" bold="true" box="[151,382,153,180]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Cosmosciara hartii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B798157FFF4FE57FD9DAB73FF0E" author="Johannsen, O. A." box="[397,607,153,179]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" pagination="57 - 146" refId="ref9266" refString="Johannsen, O. A. (1912) The fungus gnats of North America, Part IV. Bulletin of the Maine Agricultural Experimental Station, 200, 57 - 146. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 86614" type="journal article" year="1912">Johannsen, 1912</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34165038157FFF4FF4DFDD3A890FE35" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE436888157FFF4FF4DFDD3ABE0FF52" blockId="9.[151,1437,214,423]" box="[151,716,214,239]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4B11A68157FFF4FF4DFDD3ABE0FF52" box="[151,716,214,239]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D0B8157FFF4FF4DFDD3A8E4FF52" ID-CoL="894SB" authority="Johannsen, 1912" authorityName="Johannsen" authorityYear="1912" box="[151,456,214,239]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hartii">
<emphasis id="B92FEA9A8157FFF4FF4DFDD3A834FF52" box="[151,280,215,239]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Sciara hartii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B798157FFF4FEC4FDD2A8E4FF52" author="Johannsen, O. A." box="[286,456,214,239]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" pagination="57 - 146" refId="ref9266" refString="Johannsen, O. A. (1912) The fungus gnats of North America, Part IV. Bulletin of the Maine Agricultural Experimental Station, 200, 57 - 146. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 86614" type="journal article" year="1912">Johannsen, 1912</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10998157FFF4FE09FDD2ABEEFF52" author="Johannsen, O. A." box="[467,706,214,239]" page="144" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" year="1912">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B798157FFF4FE09FDD2ABA1FF52" author="Johannsen, O. A." box="[467,653,214,239]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" pagination="57 - 146" refId="ref9266" refString="Johannsen, O. A. (1912) The fungus gnats of North America, Part IV. Bulletin of the Maine Agricultural Experimental Station, 200, 57 - 146. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 86614" type="journal article" year="1912">Johannsen (1912)</bibRefCitation>
: 144
</treatmentCitation>
].
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436888157FFF4FF4DFDF1A890FE35" blockId="9.[151,1437,214,423]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">
Selected literature:
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B798157FFF4FE85FDF1A8C2FEB3" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[351,494,245,270]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" pagination="72 - 90" refId="ref9013" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1956) New Hawaiian Sciaridae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 16 (1), 72 - 90." type="journal article" year="1956">Hardy (1956)</bibRefCitation>
: 7375, fig. 2 ae;
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B798157FFF4FD63FDF1AA6BFEB3" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[697,839,245,270]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" pagination="208 - 235" refId="ref9045" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1960) Family Sciaridae. Insects of Hawaii, 10, 208 - 235." type="journal article" year="1960">Hardy (1960)</bibRefCitation>
: 214, fig. dg (both as
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D0B8157FFF4FBE0FDF2A804FE91" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Plastosciara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicalcarata" subGenus="Cosmosciara">
<emphasis id="B92FEA9A8157FFF4FBE0FDF2AD96FEB3" box="[1082,1210,246,270]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Plastosciara</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B92FEA9A8157FFF4FB10FDF2AC7CFEB0" box="[1226,1360,246,269]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Cosmosciara</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B92FEA9A8157FFF4FABBFDF2A804FE91" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">brevicalcarata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B798157FFF4FEE5FC10A8E0FE90" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[319,460,276,301]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" pagination="72 - 90" refId="ref9013" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1956) New Hawaiian Sciaridae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 16 (1), 72 - 90." type="journal article" year="1956">Hardy (1956)</bibRefCitation>
: 77, fig. 4 ad;
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B798157FFF4FDB6FC10ABD6FE90" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[620,762,276,301]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" pagination="208 - 235" refId="ref9045" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1960) Family Sciaridae. Insects of Hawaii, 10, 208 - 235." type="journal article" year="1960">Hardy (1960)</bibRefCitation>
: 217, fig. 68 ad;
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B798157FFF4FC69FC10AD66FE90" author="Steffan, W. A." box="[947,1098,276,301]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" pagination="669 - 732" refId="ref10929" refString="Steffan, W. A. (1969) Insects of Micronesia. Diptera: Sciaridae. Insects of Micronesia, 12 (7), 669 - 732." type="journal article" year="1969">Steffan (1969)</bibRefCitation>
: 690692, fig. 8 ah (all as
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D0B8157FFF4FABDFC10AB20FEF6" authorityName="Hardy" authorityYear="1956" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Plastosciara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipons" subGenus="Plastosciara">
<emphasis id="B92FEA9A8157FFF4FABDFC10A836FEF6" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Plastosciara</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B92FEA9A8157FFF4FEF0FC37A886FEF6" box="[298,426,307,331]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Plastosciara</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B92FEA9A8157FFF4FE60FC37AB20FEF6" box="[442,524,307,331]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">latipons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B798157FFF4FDF8FC36AA36FEF6" author="Menzel, F. &amp; Smith, J. E." box="[546,794,306,331]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" pagination="19 - 45" refId="ref9655" refString="Menzel, F. &amp; Smith, J. E. (2009) Family Sciaridae. In: Gerlach, J. (Ed.), The Diptera of the Seychelles islands. Pensoft Series Faunistica 85. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia &amp; Moscow, pp. 19 - 45." type="book chapter" year="2009">Menzel &amp; Smith (2009)</bibRefCitation>
: 3233, fig. 2125 (as
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D0B8157FFF4FBDDFC37ADD3FEF6" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[1031,1279,307,331]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Cosmosciara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perniciosa">
<emphasis id="B92FEA9A8157FFF4FBDDFC37ADD3FEF6" box="[1031,1279,307,331]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Cosmosciara perniciosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B798157FFF4FACCFC36A823FED7" author="Mohrig, W. &amp; Heller, K. &amp; Hippa, H. &amp; Vilkamaa, P. &amp; Menzel, F." pageId="9" pageNumber="224" pagination="141 - 286" refId="ref9933" refString="Mohrig, W., Heller, K., Hippa, H., Vilkamaa, P. &amp; Menzel, F. (2013) Revision of Black Fungus Gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) of North America. Studia dipterologica, 19 (1 - 2), 141 - 286." type="journal article" year="2013">
Mohrig
<emphasis id="B92FEA9A8157FFF4FAB3FC30ACBAFEF6" box="[1385,1430,307,331]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">et al</emphasis>
. (2013)
</bibRefCitation>
: 223224, fig. 43 ac (as
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D0B8157FFF4FDC9FC56ABBBFED7" box="[531,663,338,362]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Pnyxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hartii">
<emphasis id="B92FEA9A8157FFF4FDC9FC56ABBBFED7" box="[531,663,338,362]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Pnyxia hartii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B798157FFF4FD77FC55AABDFED7" author="Broadley, A. &amp; Kauschke, E. &amp; Mohrig, W." box="[685,913,337,362]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" pagination="201 - 242" refId="ref8570" refString="Broadley, A., Kauschke, E. &amp; Mohrig, W. (2018) Black fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) found in association with cultivated plants and mushrooms in Australia, with notes on cosmopolitan pest species and biosecurity interceptions. Zootaxa, 4415 (2), 201 - 242. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4415.2.1" type="journal article" year="2018">
Broadley
<emphasis id="B92FEA9A8157FFF4FCCAFC56AA11FED7" box="[784,829,338,362]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">et al</emphasis>
. (2018)
</bibRefCitation>
: 213214, figs 7 AB, 8 AC, 9 AD;
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B798157FFF4FACDFC55A822FE35" author="Mohrig, W. &amp; Kauschke, E. &amp; Broadley, A." pageId="9" pageNumber="224" pagination="401 - 439" refId="ref10294" refString="Mohrig, W., Kauschke, E. &amp; Broadley, A. (2019) Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the sciarid fauna of the Galapagos Islands. Zootaxa, 4590 (4), 401 - 439. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4590.4.1" type="journal article" year="2019">
Mohrig
<emphasis id="B92FEA9A8157FFF4FAB0FC56ACBAFED7" box="[1386,1430,338,362]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">et al</emphasis>
. (2019)
</bibRefCitation>
: 414, fig. 9 AB.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34165038157FFF4FF4DFC8BAC59FE1A" box="[151,1397,398,423]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE436888157FFF4FF4DFC8BAC59FE1A" blockId="9.[151,1437,214,423]" box="[151,1397,398,423]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">
Common synonyms:
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D0B8157FFF4FEAAFC8BABF6FE1A" authority="(Edwards)" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[368,730,398,423]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Cosmosciara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perniciosa">
<emphasis id="B92FEA9A8157FFF4FEAAFC8BAB4BFE1A" box="[368,615,399,423]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Cosmosciara perniciosa</emphasis>
(Edwards)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D0B8157FFF4FD3EFC8BAD2AFE1A" authority="Hardy" authorityName="Hardy" authorityYear="1956" box="[740,1030,398,423]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Plastosciara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipons">
<emphasis id="B92FEA9A8157FFF4FD3EFC8BAA91FE1A" box="[740,957,399,423]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Plastosciara latipons</emphasis>
Hardy
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D0B8157FFF4FBD5FC8BAC59FE1A" authority="Hardy." box="[1039,1397,398,423]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Plastosciara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicalcarata">
<emphasis id="B92FEA9A8157FFF4FBD5FC8BAC06FE1A" box="[1039,1322,399,423]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Plastosciara brevicalcarata</emphasis>
Hardy.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34165038157FFF4FF4DFCCAA88AFDB0" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE436888157FFF4FF4DFCCAA88AFDB0" blockId="9.[151,1437,462,561]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">
<emphasis id="B92FEA9A8157FFF4FF4DFCCAA834FE54" bold="true" box="[151,280,462,489]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Comments</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D0B8157FFF4FEFDFCCBAB84FE54" authority="Hardy, 1956" authorityName="Hardy" authorityYear="1956" box="[295,680,462,489]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Plastosciara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipons">
<emphasis id="B92FEA9A8157FFF4FEFDFCCBAB3AFE54" box="[295,534,463,489]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Plastosciara latipons</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B798157FFF4FDC7FCCBAB84FE54" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[541,680,462,489]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" pagination="72 - 90" refId="ref9013" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1956) New Hawaiian Sciaridae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 16 (1), 72 - 90." type="journal article" year="1956">Hardy, 1956</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
was identified as conspecific with
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D0B8157FFF4FBEEFCCBACB1FE57" authority="(Johannsen)" baseAuthorityName="Johannsen" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[1076,1437,463,490]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Cosmosciara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hartii">
<emphasis id="B92FEA9A8157FFF4FBEEFCCBAC21FE54" box="[1076,1293,463,489]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Cosmosciara hartii</emphasis>
(Johannsen)
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B798157FFF4FF60FCF7A88EFDB0" author="Mohrig, W. &amp; Kauschke, E. &amp; Broadley, A." box="[186,418,499,525]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" pagination="401 - 439" refId="ref10294" refString="Mohrig, W., Kauschke, E. &amp; Broadley, A. (2019) Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the sciarid fauna of the Galapagos Islands. Zootaxa, 4590 (4), 401 - 439. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4590.4.1" type="journal article" year="2019">
Mohrig
<emphasis id="B92FEA9A8157FFF4FECFFCF0A86AFDB0" box="[277,326,499,525]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">et al</emphasis>
. (2019)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34165038157FFF4FF1DFF12AB20FD8C" box="[199,524,534,561]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE436888157FFF4FF1DFF12AB20FD8C" blockId="9.[151,1437,462,561]" box="[199,524,534,561]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">
<emphasis id="B92FEA9A8157FFF4FF1DFF12A875FD8C" bold="true" box="[199,345,534,561]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Distribution</emphasis>
. Cosmopolitan.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>