244 lines
32 KiB
XML
244 lines
32 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="52B58D3411F14DC7E7A6515ED0CB6239">A review of bristly ground squirrels Xerini and a generic revision in the African genus Xerus</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="27DAF2DFEA2984145CF69DB6170ECF43">Mahmoudi, Ahmad</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="249E3623B1E66AFA36064758273460A6">Tesakov, Alexey S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="37FC679D2EA5E5ECFCD426ED1ADEAF27">Matějů, Jan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="73F87BA4455A1B24E867CF22D3660891">Hutterer, Rainer</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="FEE1D35DBB1C6F132C6D1036FAA86326">Mammalia</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="080D3D3E5E21CE9A50423AB303BC20B4">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="06A882AA35CE555F8FB3728C2BBA0430">Warsaw, Poland</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="CAF791A32493C271874F91EE3A805302">2015-12-12</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="038CF91477ECD58D65726DC887E0FD0D">5</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="EF34C06737F0827855DA8B3FDFA4B64F" type="ISSN">1864-1547</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03EE87BAFFEC5B00FF74FB72FBB4F95B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EE87BAFFEC5B00FF74FB72FBB4F95B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EE87BAFFEC5B00FF74FB72FBB4F95B" lastPageNumber="533" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">
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<subSubSection id="C35D6527FFEC5B00FF74FB72FD90FB32" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF836ACFFEC5B00FF74FB72FD90FB32" blockId="12.[136,665,1187,1258]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">
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<heading id="D0B081C0FFEC5B00FF74FB72FD90FB32" bold="true" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B933EABEFFEC5B00FF74FB72FD90FB32" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">
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<taxonomicName id="4C474D2FFFEC5B00FF74FB72FF22FB32" ID-CoL="5CDP9" authority="(E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire)" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1803" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Euxerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erythropus">
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<emphasis id="B933EABEFFEC5B00FF74FB72FE44FB1A" bold="true" box="[136,405,1188,1218]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">Euxerus erythropus</emphasis>
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(É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire)
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</taxonomicName>
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: Striped ground squirrel
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35D6527FFEC5B00FF74FAC7FD13F841" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BF836ACFFEC5B00FF74FAC7FD08F8E9" blockId="12.[136,764,1296,1841]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">
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<taxonomicName id="4C474D2FFFEC5B00FF74FAC7FE82FAF0" authorityName="É.Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1803" box="[136,339,1296,1321]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Sciurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eyrthoupus">
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<emphasis id="B933EABEFFEC5B00FF74FAC7FE82FAF0" bold="true" box="[136,339,1296,1321]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">Sciurus eyrthoupus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(sic) É.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B5DFFEC5B00FE50FAC7FD0AFAF1" author="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, E." box="[428,731,1297,1321]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" refId="ref14249" refString="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, E. 1803. Catalogue des Mammiferes du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle. Paris." type="book" year="1803">Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 178. Type locality: “Inconnue” (=unknown). A specimen from
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<collectingCountry id="F350763CFFEC5B00FECEFA80FE5AFAB6" box="[306,395,1366,1390]" name="Senegal" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">Senegal</collectingCountry>
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, acquired by Florent Prévost in
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<date id="FFF9106CFFEC5B00FF49FAAFFEB0FA49" box="[181,353,1401,1425]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" value="1820-11">November 1820</date>
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and deposited in Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN-ZM-MO-2000-601), was designated as
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<typeStatus id="54FC880EFFEC5B00FE87FA69FE03FA0F" box="[379,466,1471,1495]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B5DFFEC5B00FE21FA68FD9FFA0E" author="Rode, P." box="[477,590,1470,1494]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" pagination="382 - 385" refId="ref16987" refString="Rode, P. 1943. Catalogue des types de mammiferes du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Odre des Rongeurs. I. Sciuromorphes. Bull. Mus. Nat. d'Hist. Nat., 2 e Ser. 15: 382 - 385." type="book chapter" year="1943">Rode 1943</bibRefCitation>
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). Type locality is therefore (“probably”)
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<collectingCountry id="F350763CFFEC5B00FE51FA37FDD2FA21" box="[429,515,1505,1529]" name="Senegal" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">Senegal</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B5DFFEC5B00FDECFA37FD57FA20" author="Allen, G. M." box="[528,646,1504,1529]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" pagination="1 - 763" refId="ref12610" refString="Allen, G. M. 1954. A checklist of African mammals. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 1954: 1 - 763." type="journal article" year="1954">Allen 1954</bibRefCitation>
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). The
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B5DFFEC5B00FD3AFA37FEF4F9C3" author="ICZN & International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" pagination="224 - 225" refId="ref15173" refString="ICZN [International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature]. 1971. Opinion 945. SciUrUS ebii Pel, 1851 (Mammalia): supressed under the plenary powers. Bull. zool. Nomencl. 27: 224 - 225." type="journal article" year="1971">ICZN (1971: 224)</bibRefCitation>
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ruled
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<emphasis id="B933EABEFFEC5B00FE92F9D5FE34F9C3" bold="true" box="[366,485,1539,1563]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">erythoupus</emphasis>
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by Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire to be an incorrect original spelling for
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<emphasis id="B933EABEFFEC5B00FD7FF9F0FD2AF9E6" bold="true" box="[643,763,1574,1598]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C474D2FFFEC5B00FD7FF9F0FD27F9E6" ID-CoL="5CDP9" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1803" box="[643,758,1574,1598]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Euxerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erythropus">erythropus</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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placed
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<emphasis id="B933EABEFFEC5B00FEF4F99EFEAEF9B8" bold="true" box="[264,383,1608,1632]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">erythoupus</emphasis>
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on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Specific Names in Zoology, and validated the emendation of the specific name
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<emphasis id="B933EABEFFEC5B00FD98F95BFD0AF97D" bold="true" box="[612,731,1677,1701]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">erythoupus</emphasis>
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to
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<emphasis id="B933EABEFFEC5B00FF49F966FEE5F910" bold="true" box="[181,308,1712,1736]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">erythroupus</emphasis>
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||
.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B5DFFEC5B00FEBEF967FD87F911" author="Wilson, D. E. & D. - A. M. Reeder" box="[322,598,1713,1737]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" refId="ref18623" refString="Wilson, D. E. and D. - A. M. Reeder (eds.). 1993. Mammal species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic reference, 2 nd edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC." type="book" year="1993">Wilson and Reeder (1993)</bibRefCitation>
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regarded
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B5DFFEC5B00FD3FF967FE6CF933" author="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, E." pageId="12" pageNumber="533" refId="ref14249" refString="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, E. 1803. Catalogue des Mammiferes du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle. Paris." type="book" year="1803">Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1803)</bibRefCitation>
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(“a very rare book”;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B5DFFEC5B00FD52F905FF36F8D6" author="Jentink, F. A." pageId="12" pageNumber="533" pagination="1 - 53" refId="ref15309" refString="Jentink, F. A. 1882. A monograph of the African squirrels, with an enumeration of the specimens in the Leyden Museum. Notes Leyden Mus. 4: 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1882">Jentink 1882</bibRefCitation>
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) as not validly published, what was rebuffed in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B5DFFEC5B00FF49F8CFFE74F8E9" author="Corbet, G. B. & J. E. Hill" box="[181,421,1817,1841]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" pagination="239 - 243" refId="ref13451" refString="Corbet, G. B. and J. E. Hill. 1994. Wilson, D. E., and D. M. Reeder (eds.). 1993. Mammal species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference, 2 nd edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D. C., xviii + 1206 pp. ISBN 1 - 56098 - 217 - 9. Price (hardcover), $ 75.00 ($ 60.00 to members of The American Society of Mammalogists). The view from the Old World. J. Mammalogy 75: 239 - 243." type="book chapter" year="1994">Corbet and Hill (1994)</bibRefCitation>
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||
; with reference to
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B5DFFEC5B00FD95F8CFFD1FF8E9" author="Hill, J. E." box="[617,718,1817,1841]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" pagination="287 - 295" refId="ref14913" refString="Hill, J. E. 1980. The status of VeSPertilio borbonicUS E. Geoffroy, 1803. Zool. Meded. 55: 287 - 295." type="journal article" year="1980">Hill 1980</bibRefCitation>
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).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BF836ACFFEC5B00FF74F888FD13F841" blockId="12.[136,763,1886,1945]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">
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Six subspecies were recognized by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B5DFFEC5B00FDE8F888FD18F8AE" author="Amtmann, E." box="[532,713,1886,1910]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" refId="ref12668" refString="Amtmann, E. 1975. Family Sciuridae. In: (J. Meester and H. W." type="book" year="1975">Amtmann (1975)</bibRefCitation>
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and tentatively mapped in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B5DFFEC5B00FE87F857FD6EF841" author="Waterman, J. M. & M. D. Herron" box="[379,703,1921,1945]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref18263" refString="Waterman, J. M. and M. D. Herron. 2004. XerUS PrincePS. Mammalian Species 751: 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="2004">Herron and Waterman (2004)</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35D6527FFEC5B00FCE6FF6DFBB4F95B" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF836ACFFEC5B00FCE6FF6DFB2EFDD3" blockId="12.[794,1422,187,1667]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">
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Etymology. – “Eu” is Greek for “typical”+
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C474D2FFFEC5B00FB05FF6AFAE4FF0B" box="[1273,1333,188,211]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Xerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B933EABEFFEC5B00FB05FF6AFAE4FF0B" bold="true" box="[1273,1333,188,211]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">Xerus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
; i.e. “a typical bristly ground squirrel”. The species name
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C474D2FFFEC5B00FAB2FF0BFC87FEC0" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1803" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Euxerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erythropus">
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<emphasis id="B933EABEFFEC5B00FAB2FF0BFC87FEC0" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">erythropus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
is from “eruthros” (red) and “pous” (a foot, both Greek), i.e. “a red-footed”, although “there is nothing to indicate why Geoffroy should have chosen the name... as it is [red-footed] in fact not one which has any particular application to any known form [of
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C474D2FFFEC5B00FB62FE5DFAFCFE7B" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1803" box="[1182,1325,395,419]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Euxerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erythropus">
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||
<emphasis id="B933EABEFFEC5B00FB62FE5DFAFCFE7B" bold="true" box="[1182,1325,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">E. erythropus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
]” (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B5DFFEC5B00FAACFE5DFC6BFE1E" author="Rosevear, D. R." pageId="12" pageNumber="533" refId="ref17102" refString="Rosevear, D. R. 1969. The rodents of West Africa. British Museum (Nat. Hist.), London." type="book" year="1969">Rosevear 1969: 132</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); note the above claim by
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B5DFFEC5B00FB1BFE78FA5CFE1E" author="Hollister, N." box="[1255,1421,430,454]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" refId="ref15055" refString="Hollister, N. 1919. East African mammals in the United States National Museum. Part II. Rodentia, Lagomorpha, and Tubulidentata." type="book" year="1919">Hollister (1919)</bibRefCitation>
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who stated that feet and other parts of body are often stained with the soil what changes the color.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BF836ACFFEC5B00FCE6FDC0FAEFFBCB" blockId="12.[794,1422,187,1667]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">
|
||
Diagnosis. –
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<taxonomicName id="4C474D2FFFEC5B00FC55FDC0FBA4FDF5" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1803" box="[937,1141,533,557]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Euxerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erythropus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B933EABEFFEC5B00FC55FDC0FBA4FDF5" bold="true" box="[937,1141,533,557]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">Euxerus erythropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a large member of the subtribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C474D2FFFEC5B00FC81FDEEFC17FD88" box="[893,966,568,592]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Chordata" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Xerina">Xerina</taxonomicName>
|
||
, recognizable by a combination of flank stripe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137C2A29FFEC5B00FC99FD8DFC11FDAB" box="[869,960,603,627]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[166,223,1011,1031]" captionTargetBox="[169,1353,177,979]" captionTargetId="figure-10@5.[166,1356,174,980]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2: Representatives of genera in African bristly ground squirrels Xerina: 1 – AtlantoxerUS getUlUS (Fuerteventura, Canary Islands; photo courtesy Alenka KryŠtufek); 2 – GeoSciUrUS inaUriS (Etosha National Park, Namibia; photo courtesy Emmanuel Do Linh San); 3 – XerUS rUtilUS (Samburu National Park, Kenya; photo by Jan Matějů); 4 – EUxerUS erythroPUS (captive; photo courtesy Klaus Rudloff)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10476685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10476685/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
), narrow skull (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137C2A29FFEC5B00FB91FD8DFB18FDAB" box="[1133,1225,603,627]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="7.[166,223,1659,1679]" captionTargetBox="[170,786,1159,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-228@7.[166,790,1155,1628]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 6: Bivariate plot of six Xerini species onto the first two principal components (PC) derived from ordination of nine cranial measurements (transformed to log10). Percentage of variance explained by individual PC is in parentheses. 95% confidence ellipses show the dispersion of all specimens within each species and letters indicate group centroids. Skulls (in dorsal view) are depicted to scale: A – AtlantoxerUS getUlUS (PMS 19301); E – EUxerUS erythroPUS (ZFMK 47.972); Gi – GeoSciUrUS inaUriS (NMW 32092); GP – GeoSciUrUS PrincePS (NMW 32097); S – SPermoPhiloPSiS lePtodactylUS (NMW 25782); X – XerUS rUtilUS (ZFMK 81.234)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10476693" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10476693/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
), and a high incidence of the 3
|
||
<superScript id="7C329BE4FFEC5B00FC48FDABFC10FD53" attach="left" box="[948,961,637,651]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">rd</superScript>
|
||
upper premolar (present in ~80% of individuals;
|
||
<figureCitation id="137C2A29FFEC5B00FC80FD77FC0BFD61" box="[892,986,673,697]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="8.[136,193,1718,1738]" captionTargetBox="[136,760,1070,1687]" captionTargetId="figure-626@8.[136,760,1070,1687]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 8: Left maxillary (above) and right mandibular (below) toothrows in Xerini: 1 – EUxerUS erythroPUS (NHML 69.10.24.18/ZFMK 97.467), 2 – XerUS rUtilUS (ZFMK 81.234/ZFMK 96.251); 3 – GeoSciUrUS inaUriS (ZFMK 55.147); 4 – AtlantoxerUS getUlUS (PMS 19301 / ZFMK 88.195); 5 – SPermoPhiloPSiS lePtodactylUS (ZFMK 92.497/ ZFMK 92.496). Abbreviations for cheek-teeth: P/p – upper/lower premolar, M/m – upper/lower molar; numbers refer to a position in the tooth-row. Scale bar=2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10476697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10476697/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ears are moderately large, with tragus present. Metatarsal pads are absent and plantar pads are more reduced in size than in any other African species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B5DFFEC5B00FC88FCDFFC2BFCF9" author="Pocock, R. I." box="[884,1018,777,801]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" pagination="1171 - 1212" refId="ref16558" refString="Pocock, R. I. 1922. On the external characters of the beaver (Castoridae) and of some squirrels (Sciuridae). Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1922: 1171 - 1212." type="journal article" year="1922">Pocock 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Females have two (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137C2A29FFEC5B00FB29FCDFFAFAFCF9" box="[1237,1323,777,801]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="6.[794,851,1330,1350]" captionTargetBox="[797,1420,177,1296]" captionTargetId="figure-282@6.[794,1423,174,1299]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 5: Nipples in (1) SPermoPhiloPSiS lePtodactylUS (ZFMK 92.496) and (2) EUxerUS erythroPUS (ZFMK 76.38): p – pectoral; a1 and a2 – 1st and 2nd abdominal; i – inguinal. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10476691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10476691/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
) or three pairs of nipples (mean=2.71±0.469, n=14). The baculum (length=
|
||
<quantity id="4CBF9B49FFEC5B00FC8AFC98FC1CFCBE" box="[886,973,846,870]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="8.0">8–9 mm</quantity>
|
||
) consists of a cylindrical proximal part and distal compressed blade; the dorsal crest ossifies only partly (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B5DFFEC5B00FCDCFC45FC75FC73" author="Pocock, R. I." box="[800,932,915,939]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" pagination="209 - 246" refId="ref16598" refString="Pocock, R. I. 1923. The classification of the Sciuridae. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1923: 209 - 246." type="journal article" year="1923">Pocock 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The Y chromosome is acrocentric (biarmed in the remaining
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C474D2FFFEC5B00FC45FC60FC2FFC16" box="[953,1022,950,974]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="536" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Xerini">Xerini</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The jugal bone is bluntly truncated against the lacrimal (i.e. without a short wedge-like extension between the lacrimal and maxillary;
|
||
<figureCitation id="137C2A29FFEC5B00FB32FC2DFAE0FBCB" box="[1230,1329,1019,1043]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="13.[166,223,647,667]" captionTargetBox="[169,1416,177,615]" captionTargetId="figure-470@13.[166,1419,174,616]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 10: Anterior zygomatic arch in three genera of Xerini to show differences in a suture between the lacrimal (lac), the maxillary (max) and the jugal (ju) bones. 1 – SPermoPhiloPSiS lePtodactylUS (NMW 32092); 2 – AtlantoxerUS getUlUS (NMW 43000); 3 – EUxerUS erythroPUS (ZFMK 97.472). Arrow points on a wedge-like extension of the jugal between the lacrimal and maxillary in SPermoPhiloPSiS and AtlantoxerUS. A bluntly truncated top of jugal bone at the lacrimal bone which is distinctive of sub-Saharan Xerina, is shown by triangle. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10476701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10476701/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF836ACFFEC5B00FCE6FBC8FB6EF9C3" blockId="12.[794,1422,187,1667]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">
|
||
Distribution. – Endemic to the Sudano-Guinean savannah (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B5DFFEC5B00FCDDFB97FC72FB81" author="Denys, C." box="[801,931,1089,1113]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" refId="ref13665" refString="Denys, C. 1999. Of mice and men. Evolution in East and South Africa during Plio-Pleistocene times. In: (T. Bromage and F. Schrenk, eds.) African Biogeography, Climate Change and Human Evolution. The Human Evolution series, Oxford University Press." type="book" year="1999">Denys 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C474D2FFFEC5B00FC4BFB97FB97FB80" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1803" box="[951,1094,1088,1112]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Euxerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erythropus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B933EABEFFEC5B00FC4BFB97FB97FB80" bold="true" box="[951,1094,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">E. erythropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a habitat generalist (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B5DFFEC5B00FAADFB97FC50FBA3" author="Rosevear, D. R." pageId="12" pageNumber="533" refId="ref17102" refString="Rosevear, D. R. 1969. The rodents of West Africa. British Museum (Nat. Hist.), London." type="book" year="1969">Rosevear 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) occupying a wide subtropical and tropical belt between the equator and the transition of the Sahelian zone and Sahara (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B5DFFEC5B00FC63FB7FFB0BFB19" author="Granjon, L. & J. - M. Duplantier" box="[927,1242,1193,1217]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" refId="ref14351" refString="Granjon, L. and J. - M. Duplantier. 2009. Les rongeurs de l'Afrique sahelo-soudanienne. Faune et Flore tropicales 43. IRD eds., Institut de recherce pour le developpement, Marseille." type="book" year="2009">Granjon and Duplantier 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B5DFFEC5B00FB1EFB7FFC9EFB3B" author="Monadjem, A. & P. J. Taylor & C. Denys & F. P. D. Cotterill" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" refId="ref16009" refString="Monadjem, A., P. J. Taylor, C. Denys and F. P. D. Cotterill. 2015. Rodents of Sub-Saharan Africa. De Gruyter, Berlin." type="book" year="2015">Monadjem et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Range extends from the Atlantic coast in the west to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F350763CFFEC5B00FCE6FB38FCB4FADE" box="[794,869,1262,1286]" name="Eritrea" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">Eritrea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F350763CFFEC5B00FC32FB38FBF8FADE" box="[974,1065,1262,1286]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and north-western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F350763CFFEC5B00FAFEFB38FA95FADE" box="[1282,1348,1262,1286]" name="Kenya" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
in the east (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137C2A29FFEC5B00FCA8FAC6FC6DFAF1" box="[852,956,1296,1321]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="13.[166,223,647,667]" captionTargetBox="[169,1416,177,615]" captionTargetId="figure-470@13.[166,1419,174,616]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 10: Anterior zygomatic arch in three genera of Xerini to show differences in a suture between the lacrimal (lac), the maxillary (max) and the jugal (ju) bones. 1 – SPermoPhiloPSiS lePtodactylUS (NMW 32092); 2 – AtlantoxerUS getUlUS (NMW 43000); 3 – EUxerUS erythroPUS (ZFMK 97.472). Arrow points on a wedge-like extension of the jugal between the lacrimal and maxillary in SPermoPhiloPSiS and AtlantoxerUS. A bluntly truncated top of jugal bone at the lacrimal bone which is distinctive of sub-Saharan Xerina, is shown by triangle. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10476701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10476701/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). There is an isolate in the Souss region in western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F350763CFFEC5B00FC88FAE2FC1EFA93" box="[884,975,1332,1355]" name="Morocco" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B5DFFEC5B00FC21FAE5FB1AFA93" author="Blanc, G. & F. Petter" box="[989,1227,1331,1355]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" pagination="239 - 241" refId="ref13141" refString="Blanc, G. and F. Petter. 1959. Presence au Maroc de l'Ecureuil terrestre du Senegal XerUS erythroPUS. Mammalia 23: 239 - 241." type="journal article" year="1959">Blanc and Petter 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Remnants of the Neolithic age from Bir Kiseiba in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F350763CFFEC5B00FB0EFA80FAE1FAB6" box="[1266,1328,1366,1390]" name="Egypt" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B5DFFEC5B00FAC2FA80FBDEFA49" author="Osborn, D. J. & J. Osbnornova" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" refId="ref16371" refString="Osborn, D. J. and J. Osbnornova. 1998. The mammals of ancient Egypt. The Natural History of Egypt 4. Aris & Phillips Ltd., Warminster." type="book" year="1998">Osborn and Osbnornová 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are another evidence of a wider occurrence in Palaearctic Africa during the Holocene. The 19
|
||
<superScript id="7C329BE4FFEC5B00FCCDFA6BFCEFFA13" attach="left" box="[817,830,1469,1483]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">th</superScript>
|
||
century records for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F350763CFFEC5B00FBDDFA69FB8EFA0F" box="[1057,1119,1471,1495]" name="Egypt" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Jansen 1882) and “Nubia” (Supplemental Appendix 2) however most probably refer to what is now
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F350763CFFEC5B00FC5CF9D5FC34F9C3" box="[928,997,1539,1563]" name="Sudan" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B5DFFEC5B00FBEDF9D5FB65F9C3" author="Anderson, J." box="[1041,1204,1539,1563]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" refId="ref12721" refString="Anderson, J. 1902. Zoology of Egypt: Mammalia. Hugh Rees, London." type="book" year="1902">Anderson 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF836ACFFEC5B00FCE6F9F0FBB4F95B" blockId="12.[794,1422,187,1667]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">
|
||
Remarks. –
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C474D2FFFEC5B00FC5FF9F0FBA7F9E6" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1803" box="[931,1142,1574,1598]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Euxerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erythropus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B933EABEFFEC5B00FC5FF9F0FBA7F9E6" bold="true" box="[931,1142,1574,1598]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">Euxerus erythropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is reviewed in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B5DFFEC5B00FAD6F9F1FCB1F9B9" author="Rosevear, D. R." pageId="12" pageNumber="533" refId="ref17102" refString="Rosevear, D. R. 1969. The rodents of West Africa. British Museum (Nat. Hist.), London." type="book" year="1969">Rosevear (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C474D2FFFEC5B00FC42F99FFBA3F9B8" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1803" box="[958,1138,1608,1632]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Xerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erythropus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B933EABEFFEC5B00FC42F99FFBA3F9B8" bold="true" box="[958,1138,1608,1632]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">Xerus erythropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B5DFFEC5B00FB60F99FFCB0F95B" author="Waterman, J. M. & M. D. Herron" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref18263" refString="Waterman, J. M. and M. D. Herron. 2004. XerUS PrincePS. Mammalian Species 751: 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="2004">Herron and Waterman (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B5DFFEC5B00FC6BF9BAFBB1F95B" author="Waterman, J. M." box="[919,1120,1643,1667]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" pagination="94 - 96" refId="ref18341" refString="Waterman, J. M. 2013 b. XerUS erythroPUS Stripped ground squirrel (African ground squirrel, West-African ground squirrel, Geoffrey's ground squirrel). In: (D. C. D. Happold ed.): Mammals of Africa. Volume III: Rodents, hares and rabbits. Bloomsbury, London, pp. 94 - 96." type="book chapter" year="2013">Waterman (2013b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |