573 lines
82 KiB
XML
573 lines
82 KiB
XML
<document id="F386A6A04167AFE929F9F2F9E0BAB149" ID-CLB-Dataset="112242" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5145.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="72c2e0c4-02cc-4a97-8981-86a19d405de4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601806" ID-ZooBank="1F909F98-7D98-4930-93D8-DD55008D9C76" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1654064038305" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nicholls, James A., Melika, George, Digweed, Scott C. & Stone, Graham N." docDate="2022" docId="03E987BFFFAACE254E9D552DAD5EADE0" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5145.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5145 (1)" docSource="http://zoobank.org/1f909f98-7d98-4930-93d8-dd55008d9c76" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Bassettia flavipes Nicholls & Melika & Digweed & Stone 2022, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="34" masterDocId="FFD0FFC7FFB1CE044E0A5057AC66AF12" masterDocTitle="Pairing of sexual and asexual generations of Nearctic oak gallwasps, with new synonyms and new species names (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini)" masterLastPageNumber="79" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1699338524039" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="E522447A1C9367153A4D721D3AB513D1" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="850D312ABFCCE35CD171EB9D2EA0F90F">
|
||
<mods:title id="0DFEB92C3E454BFAE6EACE0F4DE83716">Pairing of sexual and asexual generations of Nearctic oak gallwasps, with new synonyms and new species names (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="DD60B2E698304AC6D0E0D433E7BBFCF5" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="BBBEC71AD22969BDF0EFB16D0C33FE49">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="36ECD64686FAE643CBA0733F41E6A095">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="B65F06522508A61AF93C3EBCA2676AF2">Nicholls, James A.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C08E552D20EBCD1ED0D5361F6E5DBFDB" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9325-563X</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3E47C62A471D6E42289BE013CE1E5825" type="email">james.nicholls@csiro.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="674E6138FEB6F57408FF5F57600C0D68" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="69B44459BFA43350BA1B26C56A234165">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="CBBEF8E036D566CB256A9AEC005D9731">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="FE4C1763933B3C421FD53FB435F1C235">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9407066D3EAA7C9AD285A5D97B90E647" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5204-6890</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="17DD4954D5F91254231A4922A1206364" type="email">melikageorge@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="8B8C65C28BDB1DC5AE22F5958D94EEE0" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="2D32DFD742590CDBA0FD1729A3E88B07">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="413B2DF68EF90E13828C8CA8F8634588">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="4416CE998DDAC192C44333BBED9CA429">Digweed, Scott C.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1582DBC8E068BE8CC793695F8CE74E90" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5947-193X</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="65779108746C5E55DDBA273AF230D332" type="email">scott.digweed@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="E8DF39E3B88E41D9AA6E3B896F5D5CA8" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="A2B1E85EB3A031573BF256A49FC0CBFC">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="DC2023F60C3F498F1D884E50803DF3B2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="3CF57B056E98E4CAA3570455C51A9EA0">Stone, Graham N.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D33C81A0E673516DB12DD32012ACA4CD" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2737-696X</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="BFDD524EB3BF32F747B8405772508FF9" type="email">graham.stone@ed.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="ABD81633D8435D983621FAA9596A3887">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="2021737F1D4217D16826D54DDC4C52D6" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="586E0249981FF0BD6B1388EC334A1C55">
|
||
<mods:title id="2F69112AC553C4F6EE417EED8C6236E2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="5113142A29521F3635FAD1634029482D">
|
||
<mods:date id="F65111E80724DD29B1E2F710E4F42241">2022</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="0AEA440B24C7E4132A52483C676E1161" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="C581E95BC5B5BC384231A657440B6AE1">2022-06-01</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="6733F91EFC101D265D4515A5390A9FA7" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="0EFA008C315AD061551205624CFCE47D">5145</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="4B00F4794FB5D2FBC8A9582DD1FCF95B" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="58752A94450D4A233E08FB9C2211B857">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="D093FEC9B1BFB1C0BDF4033F2D61DBEA" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="D7F5E2A7747CA7850D69C8989736DBA1">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="C359B5E66D94D82F2A0486A50AF9D581">79</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="8B76506543E4DFD13905450DA6A239A4">
|
||
<mods:url id="578C17312E0B615CAAD6AC28D43F54E2">http://zoobank.org/1f909f98-7d98-4930-93d8-dd55008d9c76</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="DCC04F85C2A934C5EF298852B094E68A">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="4E7CA3C59AC84E82B81E584628FBA473" type="CLB-Dataset">112242</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="225FF7D921B5EE3575083F854F01EFF2" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5145.1.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="F8753B8645E1B5C05FBD1AF2FC5F0581" type="GBIF-Dataset">72c2e0c4-02cc-4a97-8981-86a19d405de4</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="8EC06299DE9C852131874332C658A021" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="C5500BFA82BC5AC85725BD726B9E60B7" type="Zenodo-Dep">6601806</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="5E70AA103C7F03454571389F5C3A48FD" type="ZooBank">1F909F98-7D98-4930-93D8-DD55008D9C76</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03E987BFFFAACE254E9D552DAD5EADE0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6959019" ID-GBIF-Taxon="198576539" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6959019" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E987BFFFAACE254E9D552DAD5EADE0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E987BFFFAACE254E9D552DAD5EADE0" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6522FFAACE1F4E9D552DAFDEAA86" box="[151,952,1402,1429]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFAACE1F4E9D552DAFDEAA86" blockId="27.[151,952,1402,1464]" box="[151,952,1402,1429]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<heading id="D0B781C5FFAACE1F4E9D552DAFDEAA86" bold="true" box="[151,952,1402,1429]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAACE1F4E9D552DAFDEAA86" bold="true" box="[151,952,1402,1429]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFAACE1F4E9D552DAE4DAA86" authority="(Gillette, 1889)" authorityName="Nicholls & Melika & Digweed & Stone" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Gillette" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[151,555,1402,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAACE1F4E9D552DAD0FAA87" bold="true" box="[151,361,1402,1429]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Bassettia flavipes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFAACE1F4F70552DAE44AA86" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[378,546,1402,1428]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="281 - 285" refId="ref39656" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1889) New Cynipidae. Bulletin of the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station, 7, 281 - 285." type="journal article" year="1889">Gillette, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757C0FFAACE1F4C32552CAEA6AA87" box="[568,704,1403,1429]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, asexual generation
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6522FFAACE1F4E9D55C9A8B2A964" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFAACE1F4E9D55C9AD70AAAA" blockId="27.[151,952,1402,1464]" box="[151,278,1438,1464]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A2CFFAACE1F4E9D55C9AD70AAAA" box="[151,278,1438,1464]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 82–87" captionStart-1="FIGURES 88–91" captionStart-2="FIGURES 92–94" captionStartId-0="29.[151,264,1944,1968]" captionStartId-1="30.[151,264,1488,1512]" captionStartId-2="31.[151,264,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox-0="[161,1422,534,1900]" captionTargetBox-1="[173,1419,190,1446]" captionTargetBox-2="[158,1436,309,1710]" captionTargetId-0="figure-171@29.[151,1436,525,1921]" captionTargetId-1="figure-20@30.[151,1436,181,1464]" captionTargetId-2="figure-79@31.[151,1436,309,1710]" captionTargetPageId-0="29" captionTargetPageId-1="30" captionTargetPageId-2="31" captionText-0="FIGURES 82–87. Bassettia flavipes (Gillette), asexual generation, female. 82–85, head: 82, frontal view, 83, dorsal view, 84, posterior view, 85, lateral view. 86, antenna. 87, pronotum and propleuron, frontal view." captionText-1="FIGURES 88–91. Bassettia flavipes (Gillette), asexual generation, female. 88, mesosoma, lateral view, 89–90, mesoscutum and mesoscutellum, dorsal view, 91, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view." captionText-2="FIGURES 92–94. Bassettia flavipes (Gillette). 92, asexual generation, female, metasoma, lateral view. 93, asexual gall. 94, sexual gall." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601848" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601850" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601852" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6601848/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6601850/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6601852/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAACE1F4E9D55C9AD70AAAA" bold="true" box="[151,278,1438,1464]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figs 82–93</emphasis>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFAACE1F4E9D55B4A8B2A964" blockId="27.[151,1437,1507,1654]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAACE1F4E9D55B4AD69AAE9" bold="true" box="[151,271,1507,1531]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Synonyms:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFAACE1F4F1055B3AED0AAE9" authority="Gillette 1889: 281" authorityName="Gillette" authorityPageNumber="281" authorityYear="1889" box="[282,694,1507,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAACE1F4F1055B3AD80AAE9" box="[282,486,1507,1531]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Neuroterus flavipes</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFAACE1F4FFB55B4AED0AAE9" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[497,694,1507,1531]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="281 - 285" refId="ref39656" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1889) New Cynipidae. Bulletin of the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station, 7, 281 - 285." type="journal article" year="1889">Gillette 1889: 281</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Male, female and gall. Description reprinted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFAACE1F4AC555B4A9FEAAE9" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[1231,1432,1507,1531]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="21 - 25" refId="ref39682" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1890) New Cynipidae. American Entomologica Americana, 6 (2), 21 - 25." type="journal article" year="1890">Gillette (1890: 21)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Beutenmüller (1910: 136) suggested that this species should probably be placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFAACE1F4A3E5655A8C6A908" authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1869" box="[1076,1184,1538,1562]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Callirhytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAACE1F4A3E5655A8C6A908" box="[1076,1184,1538,1562]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Callirhytis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFAACE1F4AC25655A945A908" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" box="[1224,1315,1538,1562]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAACE1F4AC25655A945A908" box="[1224,1315,1538,1562]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Andricus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rather than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFAACE1F4ECD5676AD5EA92A" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" box="[199,312,1569,1592]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAACE1F4ECD5676AD5EA92A" box="[199,312,1569,1592]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Neuroterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFAACE1F4F4D5677AE69A92A" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[327,527,1568,1592]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref40308" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1923) The gall wasp genus Neuroterus (Hymenoptera). Indiana University Studies, 10 (58), 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="1923">Kinsey (1923: 136)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
agreed, and left this species unplaced in his revision of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFAACE1F4A505676A8ADA92A" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" box="[1114,1227,1569,1592]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAACE1F4A505676A8ADA92A" box="[1114,1227,1569,1592]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Neuroterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFAACE1F4AD35677AD4EA945" authority="(Gillette)" baseAuthorityName="Gillette" baseAuthorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Callirhytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAACE1F4AD35677A9FAA92A" box="[1241,1436,1568,1592]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Callirhytis flavipes</emphasis>
|
||
(Gillette)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: combination by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFAACE1F4FD35668AEE5A945" author="Weld, L. H." box="[473,643,1599,1623]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 131" refId="ref44914" refString="Weld, L. H. (1926) Field notes on gall-inhabiting cynipid wasps with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 68 (2611), 1 - 131. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.68 - 2611.1" type="journal article" year="1926">Weld (1926: 91)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFAACE1F4C845668AF9EA945" author="Melika, G. & Abrahamson, W. G." box="[654,1016,1599,1623]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="150 - 190" refId="ref41548" refString="Melika, G. & Abrahamson, W. G. (2002) Review of the world genera of oak cynipid wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). In: Melika, G. & Thuroczy, C. (Eds.), Parasitic Wasps: Evolution, Systematics, Biodiversity and Biological Control. Agroinform. Budapest, pp. 150 - 190." type="book chapter" year="2002">Melika & Abrahamson (2002: 168)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered this species should belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFAACE1F4ECD5609AD44A964" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" box="[199,290,1630,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAACE1F4ECD5609AD44A964" box="[199,290,1630,1654]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Andricus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however, this transfer was made only informally, without following the ICZN requirements.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6522FFAACE1F4E9D56C9AD84A9CF" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFAACE1F4E9D56C9AD84A9CF" blockId="27.[151,1436,1694,2009]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAACE1F4E9D56C9ADECA9AA" bold="true" box="[151,394,1694,1720]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Material examined:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B283CF4FFAACE1F4F9256C9ADBBA9CF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3878855323" collectingDate="2007-04-27" collectorName="S. Digweed" country="Canada" location="Alberta" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alberta">
|
||
Fifteen females “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3577639FFAACE1F4C6F56C9AED8A9AA" box="[613,702,1694,1720]" name="Canada" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFFAACE1F4CC556C9AF40A9AA" box="[719,806,1694,1720]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Alberta</collectingRegion>
|
||
, University of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFFAACE1F4DEB56C9A85EA9AA" box="[993,1080,1694,1720]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Alberta</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Edmonton, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="26B5537FFFAACE1F4B0156C8A9FEA9AA" box="[1291,1432,1694,1721]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">S. Digweed</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFFE1069FFAACE1F4E9D5694AD7FA9CF" box="[151,281,1731,1757]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2007-04-27">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFBAE981FFAACE1F4E9D5694AD7FA9CF" box="[151,281,1731,1757]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2007-04-27">27/04/2007</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFAACE1F4F2F5694ADA9A9CE" box="[293,463,1731,1757]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAACE1F4F2F5694ADA9A9CE" box="[293,463,1731,1757]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Q. macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6522FFAACE184ECD56B1A938AD73" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFAACE1F4ECD56B1AF47A8A7" blockId="27.[151,1436,1694,2009]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAACE1F4ECD56B1AD24A812" bold="true" box="[199,322,1766,1792]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
This species possesses the diagnostic characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFAACE1F4D9F56B0A8DEA813" authority="Ashmead, 1887" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1887" box="[917,1208,1766,1793]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAACE1F4D9F56B0AF9AA812" box="[917,1020,1767,1792]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Bassettia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFAACE1F4A0956B1A8DEA813" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[1027,1208,1766,1793]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="125 - 158" refId="ref37156" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1887) On the cynipidous galls of Florida, with descriptions of new species and synopses of the described species of North America. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 14, 125 - 158. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076487" type="journal article" year="1887">Ashmead, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: absence of a malar sulcus; the transversely rugose mesoscutum, dorsoventrally compressed mesosoma not arched in lateral view like in most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFAACE1F4ED85779AD5EA85A" box="[210,312,1838,1864]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cynipini">Cynipini</taxonomicName>
|
||
; subparallel lateral propodeal carinae; and a ring of dense white setae basally on 2nd metasomal tergum (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFAACE1F4E955705AD86A87F" author="Melika, G. & Abrahamson, W. G." box="[159,480,1874,1901]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="131 - 148" refId="ref41617" refString="Melika, G. & Abrahamson, W. G. (2007) Review of the Nearctic gall wasp species of the genus Bassettia Ashmead, 1887, with description of new species (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 53 (2), 131 - 148." type="journal article" year="2007">Melika & Abrahamson 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFAACE1F4FE15705AF08A87F" author="Medianero, E. & Nieves-Aldrey, J. L." box="[491,878,1874,1901]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="213 - 220" refId="ref41085" refString="Medianero, E. & Nieves-Aldrey, J. L. (2010) Description of the first Neotropical species of Bassettia Ashmead, 1887 (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) from Panama. Graellsia, 66, 213 - 220. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / graellsia. 2010. v 66.029" type="journal article" year="2010">Medianero & Nieves-Aldrey 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFAACE1F4D8A5704A825A87E" authorityName="Nicholls & Melika & Digweed & Stone" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Gillette" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[896,1091,1874,1900]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAACE1F4D8A5704A825A87E" box="[896,1091,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Bassettia flavipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also forms inconspicuous twig galls in the asexual generation and integral leaf galls in the sexual generation, as in other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFAACE1F4A745720A95BA882" box="[1150,1341,1910,1936]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAACE1F4A745720A883A882" box="[1150,1253,1911,1936]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Bassettia</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFAACE1F4B415721ADE2A8A7" author="Melika, G. & Abrahamson, W. G." pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="131 - 148" refId="ref41617" refString="Melika, G. & Abrahamson, W. G. (2007) Review of the Nearctic gall wasp species of the genus Bassettia Ashmead, 1887, with description of new species (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 53 (2), 131 - 148." type="journal article" year="2007">Melika & Abrahamson 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFAACE1F4F8557CDAF73A8A7" author="Medianero, E. & Nieves-Aldrey, J. L." box="[399,789,1946,1973]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="213 - 220" refId="ref41085" refString="Medianero, E. & Nieves-Aldrey, J. L. (2010) Description of the first Neotropical species of Bassettia Ashmead, 1887 (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) from Panama. Graellsia, 66, 213 - 220. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / graellsia. 2010. v 66.029" type="journal article" year="2010">Medianero & Nieves-Aldrey 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFAACE184ECD57E8A938AD73" blockId="27.[151,1436,1694,2009]" lastBlockId="28.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFAACE1F4ECD57E8ADEDA8CA" authorityName="Nicholls & Melika & Digweed & Stone" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Gillette" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[199,395,1982,2008]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAACE1F4ECD57E8ADEDA8CA" box="[199,395,1982,2008]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Bassettia flavipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
most closely resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFAACE1F4C9057E8AFFAA8CB" authority="Weld, 1921" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1921" box="[666,924,1982,2009]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAACE1F4C9057E8AF75A8CA" box="[666,787,1983,2008]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">B. tenuana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFAACE1F4D1357E9AFFAA8CB" author="Weld" box="[793,924,1982,2009]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="187 - 246" refId="ref44748" refString="Weld. L. H. (1921) American gallflies of the family Cynipidae producing subterranean galls on oak. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 59 (2368), 187 - 246. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.59 - 2368.187" type="journal article" year="1921">Weld, 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFAACE1F4DCE57E8A85FA8CA" authorityName="Nicholls & Melika & Digweed & Stone" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Gillette" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[964,1081,1982,2008]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAACE1F4DCE57E8A85FA8CA" box="[964,1081,1982,2008]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">B. flavipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the body is dark brown, the eye 2.0× as high as the length of the malar space, the notaulus incomplete, traceable at most along half the length of the mesoscutum, the forewing veins are light to transparent, the central propodeal area with numerous irregular short rugae, the metasoma as long as head+mesosoma and nearly as long as high in lateral view, 2nd metasomal tergum extending to 1/3 of metasoma length in dorsal view. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFADCE184D0C5154AFE6AE0E" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1921" box="[774,896,259,284]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFADCE184D0C5154AFE6AE0E" box="[774,896,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">B. tenuana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the body is black, the eye equal in height to the length of malar space, the notaulus complete, the forewing veins dark brown, the central propodeal area reticulate, the metasoma longer than head+mesosoma and distinctly longer than high in lateral view, 2nd metasomal tergum extending to 2/3 of metasoma length in dorsal view.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFADCE184D085138AFADAE9B" authorityName="Nicholls & Melika & Digweed & Stone" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Gillette" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[770,971,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFADCE184D085138AFADAE9B" box="[770,971,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Bassettia flavipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFADCE184AA95138ACB4AEBF" authority="Ashmead, 1896" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemmae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFADCE184AA95138A944AE9A" box="[1187,1314,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">B. gemmae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFADCE184B215138ACB4AEBF" author="Ashmead, W. H." pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="113 - 136" refId="ref37237" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1896) Descriptions of new cynipidous galls and gall wasps in the United States National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 19, 113 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.19 - 1102.113" type="journal article" year="1896">Ashmead, 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; both species have been recorded from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFADCE184C9051C4AFECAEBC" authority="(Weld 1926)" baseAuthorityName="Weld" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[666,906,403,430]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFADCE184C9051C4AE96AEBF" box="[666,752,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Q. alba</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFADCE184D0A51C4AFE7AEBC" author="Weld, L. H." box="[768,897,403,430]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 131" refId="ref44914" refString="Weld, L. H. (1926) Field notes on gall-inhabiting cynipid wasps with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 68 (2611), 1 - 131. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.68 - 2611.1" type="journal article" year="1926">Weld 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFADCE184DBD51C4A849AEBF" authorityName="Nicholls & Melika & Digweed & Stone" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Gillette" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[951,1071,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFADCE184DBD51C4A849AEBF" box="[951,1071,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">B. flavipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the head and body dark brown, the mesoscutum uniformly alutaceous, the prominent part of the ventral spine of hypopygium more than 2.0× as long as broad in ventral view. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFADCE184C1C518CAEF2AEE6" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1896" box="[534,660,475,500]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemmae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFADCE184C1C518CAEF2AEE6" box="[534,660,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">B. gemmae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the head and body black, the mesoscutum transversely dull rugose, the prominent part of the ventral spine of hypopygium over 4.0× as long as broad in ventral view. In addition, the length-to-width ratio of the radial cell of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFADCE184C565274AEB1AD2E" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1896" box="[604,727,547,572]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemmae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFADCE184C565274AEB1AD2E" box="[604,727,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">B. gemmae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is greater than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFADCE184DC75274A824AD2F" authorityName="Nicholls & Melika & Digweed & Stone" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Gillette" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[973,1090,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFADCE184DC75274A824AD2F" box="[973,1090,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">B. flavipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It must be also mentioned that the asexual and sexual females within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFADCE184C4C5210AECBAD72" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1887" box="[582,685,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFADCE184C4C5210AECBAD72" box="[582,685,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Bassettia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are very similar and only a few characters differentiate them.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6522FFADCE1A4ECD523DAF92A98F" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFADCE184ECD523DA861ADDF" blockId="28.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFADCE184ECD523DAD3FAD96" bold="true" box="[199,345,618,644]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Asexual female (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A2CFFADCE184C2E523CAECEAD97" box="[548,680,619,645]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 82–87" captionStart-1="FIGURES 88–91" captionStart-2="FIGURES 92–94" captionStartId-0="29.[151,264,1944,1968]" captionStartId-1="30.[151,264,1488,1512]" captionStartId-2="31.[151,264,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox-0="[161,1422,534,1900]" captionTargetBox-1="[173,1419,190,1446]" captionTargetBox-2="[158,1436,309,1710]" captionTargetId-0="figure-171@29.[151,1436,525,1921]" captionTargetId-1="figure-20@30.[151,1436,181,1464]" captionTargetId-2="figure-79@31.[151,1436,309,1710]" captionTargetPageId-0="29" captionTargetPageId-1="30" captionTargetPageId-2="31" captionText-0="FIGURES 82–87. Bassettia flavipes (Gillette), asexual generation, female. 82–85, head: 82, frontal view, 83, dorsal view, 84, posterior view, 85, lateral view. 86, antenna. 87, pronotum and propleuron, frontal view." captionText-1="FIGURES 88–91. Bassettia flavipes (Gillette), asexual generation, female. 88, mesosoma, lateral view, 89–90, mesoscutum and mesoscutellum, dorsal view, 91, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view." captionText-2="FIGURES 92–94. Bassettia flavipes (Gillette). 92, asexual generation, female, metasoma, lateral view. 93, asexual gall. 94, sexual gall." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601848" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601850" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601852" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6601848/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6601850/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6601852/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Figs 82–92</figureCitation>
|
||
) Head, mesosoma, metasoma black; mouthparts, lower genal and clypeal margins, antennae, tegulae, coxal tips, bases and tips of femora and tibiae, tarsi apices, and ventral spine of hypopygium, all dark to light brown. Wing venation pale yellow or colourless.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFADCE184ECD5280A88CAAD3" blockId="28.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Head alutaceous without setae; rounded, 1.3× as broad as high and as broad as mesosoma in frontal view, 2.2× as broad as long in dorsal view. Gena alutaceous, broadened behind eye in frontal view, as broad as transverse diameter of eye in lateral view. Malar space alutaceous, with very delicate, indistinct striae radiating from clypeus and reaching eye, eye 2.0× as high as height of malar space. Eyes slightly converging ventrally. POL 1.9× as long as OOL; OOL 2.0× as long as diameter of lateral ocellus and as long as LOL; lateral ocelli rounded, median ocellus ovate. Transfacial distance 1.3× as long as height of eye; diameter of antennal torulus 2.0× as long as distance between them, distance between torulus and eye as great as diameter of torulus. Antennal toruli level with the lower half of eye. Lower face alutaceous, with sparse short white setae, as high as frons, with short delicate striae radiating from clypeus and reaching eye, striae only alongside median part of lower face; sculpture of lower face rougher than frons; median area alutaceous, not elevated; lower face with two impressed smooth glabrous sulci starting from lateral edges of clypeus and extending to 1/3 of lower face height. Clypeus rectangular, 1.6× as high as broad, uniformly alutaceous, ventrally rounded, emarginate, without median incision, reaches beyond ventral edge of lower face; anterior tentorial pit small, rounded, inconspicuous; smooth, glabrous epistomal sulcus and smooth, glabrous clypeo-pleurostomal line distinct, strongly impressed. Frons and interocellar area uniformly alutaceous, without setae. Vertex, occiput, postocciput, postgena uniformly alutaceous, without parallel striae, with white setae; posterior tentorial pit large, ovate, area below impressed; occipital foramen slightly higher than height of postgenal bridge; hypostomal carina emarginate, continuing into united postgenal sulci which diverge toward occipital foramen, postgenal bridge anteriorly broader than high. Antenna longer than head+ mesosoma; with 12 flagellomeres (suture between F12 and F11 indistinct), scape and pedicel 2.0× as broad as F1, scape and pedicel shorter than F1, F1 1.4× as long as pedicel and 1.4× as long as F2, F2 longer than F3, F3=F4, F5=F6 and shorter than previous one, F7 to F11 nearly equal in length, F11 longer than F10; placodeal sensilla on F3–F12.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFADCE194ECD559CADA3AE0F" blockId="28.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="29.[151,1437,151,501]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Mesosoma slightly longer than high. Pronotum alutaceous, with white setae along margin, laterally broader than width of mesopleuron, anterolateral edge impressed, smooth, without sculpture. Propleuron alutaceous, with sparse setae. Mesoscutum uniformly alutaceous; slightly longer than broad (greatest width measured across mesoscutum level with base of tegulae). Notaulus incomplete, very weakly impressed, traceable at most to half the length of mesoscutum; anterior parallel line and median mesoscutal sulcus absent; parapsidal line in the form of a smooth stripe, extending slightly above tegula; circumscutellar carina broad, smooth along tegula. Mesoscutellum ovate, slightly longer than broad; posteriorly rounded and emarginate; uniformly rugoso-reticulate, overhanging metanotum. Mesoscutellum with narrow short transverse semilunar impression anteriorly, with smooth, glabrous bottom, with central broad triangular elevated area. Mesopleuron with delicate transverse striae starting posteroventrally and extending across mesopleuron and widening towards anterodorsal end, anteroventral quarter of mesopleuron smooth, shiny; speculum shiny, with very delicate, hardly traceable striae; mesopleural triangle rugose, with white setae; dorsal and lateral axillar areas alutaceous, without setae; subaxillular bar smooth, glabrous, at posterior end as high as height of metanotal trough; metapleural sulcus reaching mesopleuron at half its height, delimiting smooth, shiny triangular area along mesopleuron; upper part of mesopleural sulcus indistinct. Metascutellum rugose, as high as height of smooth, glabrous ventral impressed area; metanotal trough alutaceous, glabrous, without setae; propodeum uniformly alutaceous, lateral propodeal carinae strong, slightly bent outwards in posterior 1/3 of propodeum height, delimiting smooth, shiny central propodeal area with numerous irregular short rugae; lateral propodeal area smooth, shiny with dense white setae. Nucha very short, with a few logitudinal sulci laterally and dorsally. Tarsal claws simple, without basal lobe.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFACCE194ECD5170A8C7AE77" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Forewing longer than body, hyaline, with long dense cilia on margin, veins indistinct, pale, radial cell open, 4.2× as long as broad; R1 and Rs nearly reaching wing margin; areolet and Rs+M indistinct.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFACCE194ECD5138A8B2AEE7" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Metasoma as long as head+mesosoma, nearly as long as high in lateral view; 2nd metasomal tergum extending to 1/3 of metasoma length in dorsal view, with dense white setae anterolaterally; all terga smooth, glabrous, without micropunctures. Hypopygium without micropunctures, prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium 2.1× as long as broad in ventral view, with a few short setae ventrally. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B4CFFACCE194DA6518CA855AEE7" box="[940,1075,475,501]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.1" valueMin="1.4">1.4–2.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (n = 15).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3F6621FFACCE194E9D57CFA872A8C6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601848" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601848/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" startId="29.[151,264,1944,1968]" targetBox="[161,1422,534,1900]" targetPageId="29">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFACCE194E9D57CFA872A8C6" blockId="29.[151,1436,1944,2005]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFACCE194E9D57CFAD33A8A2" bold="true" box="[151,341,1944,1968]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">FIGURES 82–87.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFACCE194F5157CEAE12A8A2" authority="(Gillette)" authorityName="Nicholls & Melika & Digweed & Stone" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Gillette" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[347,628,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFACCE194F5157CEAE68A8A2" box="[347,526,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Bassettia flavipes</emphasis>
|
||
(Gillette)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, asexual generation, female. 82–85, head: 82, frontal view, 83, dorsal view, 84, posterior view, 85, lateral view. 86, antenna. 87, pronotum and propleuron, frontal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF3F6621FFAFCE1A4E9D5587AF8BA91E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601850" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601850" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601850/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" startId="30.[151,264,1488,1512]" targetBox="[173,1419,190,1446]" targetPageId="30">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFAFCE1A4E9D5587AF8BA91E" blockId="30.[151,1437,1488,1549]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAFCE1A4E9D5587AD35AAFA" bold="true" box="[151,339,1488,1512]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">FIGURES 88–91.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFAFCE1A4F525586AE0BAAFA" authority="(Gillette)" authorityName="Nicholls & Melika & Digweed & Stone" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Gillette" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[344,621,1488,1512]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAFCE1A4F525586AE6FAAFA" box="[344,521,1488,1512]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Bassettia flavipes</emphasis>
|
||
(Gillette)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, asexual generation, female. 88, mesosoma, lateral view, 89–90, mesoscutum and mesoscutellum, dorsal view, 91, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFAFCE1A4ECD566DAF92A98F" blockId="30.[151,1437,1594,2017]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAFCE1A4ECD566DAD67A946" bold="true" box="[199,257,1594,1620]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Gall.</emphasis>
|
||
Asexual galls (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A2CFFAFCE1A4FA0566CAD9CA947" box="[426,506,1595,1621]" captionStart="FIGURES 92–94" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,309,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-79@31.[151,1436,309,1710]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 92–94. Bassettia flavipes (Gillette). 92, asexual generation, female, metasoma, lateral view. 93, asexual gall. 94, sexual gall." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601852/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 93</figureCitation>
|
||
) are inconspicuous stem galls comprised of individual larval cells within corky bark on 2–3 year old twigs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFAFCE1A4FBA5608AE3CA96A" box="[432,602,1631,1657]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAFCE1A4FBA5608AE3CA96A" box="[432,602,1631,1657]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Q. macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Galls are not evident as swellings on twig surfaces. Galls are not induced on twigs of the previous year’s growth, nor are they present in smooth twigs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6522FFAFCE1B4ECD56F1AD2CAE0F" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFAFCE1A4ECD56F1A937A843" blockId="30.[151,1437,1594,2017]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAFCE1A4ECD56F1AD41A9D2" bold="true" box="[199,295,1702,1728]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Asexual females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFAFCE1A4C0256F0AE18A9D3" authorityName="Nicholls & Melika & Digweed & Stone" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Gillette" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[520,638,1703,1729]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAFCE1A4C0256F0AE18A9D3" box="[520,638,1703,1729]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">B. flavipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
emerged in mid- to late April in Edmonton and oviposited into swelling buds, preferring those having the bud scales slightly open with green showing between them. Females actively palpated prospective buds, and briefly probed them by inserting their ovipositors between bud scales. Females then quickly plunged their ovipositors fully into the bud, oviposited for 10-20 seconds, retracted their ovipositors, and departed. Females mostly seemed to avoid buds into which they or other females had previously oviposited.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFAFCE1B4ECD570CAD2CAE0F" blockId="30.[151,1437,1594,2017]" lastBlockId="31.[151,1437,151,285]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Sexual generation galls are multilocular, fleshy swellings along the leaf midrib or major lateral veins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A2CFFAFCE1A4B65570CACD2A88B" captionStart="FIGURES 92–94" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,309,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-79@31.[151,1436,309,1710]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 92–94. Bassettia flavipes (Gillette). 92, asexual generation, female, metasoma, lateral view. 93, asexual gall. 94, sexual gall." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601852/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 94</figureCitation>
|
||
) and are visible starting in mid- to late May in Edmonton. Adults emerged starting in late June or early July, and males tended to begin emerging earlier than females. Each emerging adult appeared to cut its own exit hole from the gall. Adult females of the sexual generation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFAFCE1A4D2A5790AFFEA8F3" authorityName="Nicholls & Melika & Digweed & Stone" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Gillette" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[800,920,1991,2017]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAFCE1A4D2A5790AFFEA8F3" box="[800,920,1991,2017]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">B. flavipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
oviposited into twig bark. We did not assess whether unmated females oviposited or produced viable eggs. Sexual generation galls have been recorded from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFAECE1B4B8B50C0AD79AFC6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAECE1B4B8B50C0AD79AFC6" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Q. macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFAECE1B4F5D50ECADCAAFC7" baseAuthorityName="Weld" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[343,428,187,213]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAECE1B4F5D50ECADCAAFC7" box="[343,428,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Q. alba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFAECE1B4FB650ECAE25AFC7" author="Burks, B. D." box="[444,579,187,213]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refId="ref38142" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D. Jr., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 1045 - 1107." type="book" year="1979">Burks 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFAECE1B4C4550ECAEABAFC4" author="Weld, L. H." box="[591,717,187,214]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 131" refId="ref44914" refString="Weld, L. H. (1926) Field notes on gall-inhabiting cynipid wasps with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 68 (2611), 1 - 131. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.68 - 2611.1" type="journal article" year="1926">Weld 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and the authors additionally observed them on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFAECE1B4AFF50ECA9FAAFC7" box="[1269,1436,187,213]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bebbiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAECE1B4AFF50ECA976AFC7" box="[1269,1296,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Q.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAECE1B4B1250E9A94AAFC7" bold="true" box="[1304,1324,190,213]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">×</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAECE1B4B3E50ECA9FAAFC7" box="[1332,1436,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">bebbiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFAECE1B4EAB5088AC90AFEB" baseAuthorityName="Weld" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[161,246,223,249]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAECE1B4EAB5088AC90AFEB" box="[161,246,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Q. alba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
x
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFAECE1B4F1E5088ADD9AFEA" box="[276,447,223,249]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAECE1B4F1E5088ADD9AFEA" box="[276,447,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Q. macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFAECE1B4C0B5088AEC3AFEB" box="[513,677,223,249]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schuettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAECE1B4C0B5088AE7AAFEB" box="[513,540,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Q.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAECE1B4C2E50B5AE5EAFEB" bold="true" box="[548,568,226,249]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">×</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAECE1B4C4B5088AEC3AFEB" box="[577,677,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">schuettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFAECE1B4CBF5088AF4CAFEB" box="[693,810,223,249]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAECE1B4CBF5088AF4CAFEB" box="[693,810,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Q. bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
x
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFAECE1B4D425088AF95AFEA" box="[840,1011,223,249]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAECE1B4D425088AF95AFEA" box="[840,1011,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Q. macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) at the Jardin Botanique de Montreal in
|
||
<date id="FFFE1069FFAECE1B4EB85154AD20AE0F" box="[178,326,259,285]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" value="2007-08">August 2007</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF3F6621FFAECE1B4E9D5692AD6DA813" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601852" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601852/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" startId="31.[151,264,1733,1757]" targetBox="[158,1436,309,1710]" targetPageId="31">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFAECE1B4E9D5692AD6DA813" blockId="31.[151,1436,1733,1793]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAECE1B4E9D5692AD30A9CF" bold="true" box="[151,342,1733,1757]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">FIGURES 92–94.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFAECE1B4F545691AE1DA9CF" authority="(Gillette)" authorityName="Nicholls & Melika & Digweed & Stone" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Gillette" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[350,635,1733,1757]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAECE1B4F545691AE75A9CF" box="[350,531,1733,1757]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Bassettia flavipes</emphasis>
|
||
(Gillette)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 92, asexual generation, female, metasoma, lateral view. 93, asexual gall. 94, sexual gall.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6522FFAECE244ECD577DAD91AEC3" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFAECE1B4ECD577DA9EEA89E" blockId="31.[151,1437,1834,2041]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAECE1B4ECD577DAD07A856" bold="true" box="[199,353,1834,1860]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3577639FFAECE1B4F6C577DADC4A856" box="[358,418,1834,1860]" name="United States of America" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFFAECE1B4FA6577DAD98A856" box="[428,510,1834,1860]" country="United States of America" name="Illinois" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Illinois</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFFAECE1B4C02577DAE39A856" box="[520,607,1834,1860]" country="United States of America" name="Indiana" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Indiana</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFFAECE1B4C62577CAEC5A857" box="[616,675,1835,1861]" country="United States of America" name="Iowa" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Iowa</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFFAECE1B4CA7577DAF40A856" box="[685,806,1834,1860]" country="United States of America" name="Minnesota" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Minnesota</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFFAECE1B4D3A577DAFADA856" box="[816,971,1834,1860]" country="United States of America" name="North Dakota" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">North Dakota</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFFAECE1B4DDE577DA855A856" box="[980,1075,1834,1860]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3577639FFAECE1B4A37577DA8F3A856" box="[1085,1173,1834,1860]" name="Canada" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFFAECE1B4A97577DA892A856" box="[1181,1268,1834,1860]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Alberta</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFFAECE1B4AF7577DA935A856" box="[1277,1363,1834,1860]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Ontario</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFAECE1B4B6A577DACB4A87A" author="Weld, L. H." pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 131" refId="ref44914" refString="Weld, L. H. (1926) Field notes on gall-inhabiting cynipid wasps with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 68 (2611), 1 - 131. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.68 - 2611.1" type="journal article" year="1926">Weld 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFAECE1B4ED65719AD39A87A" author="Burks, B. D." box="[220,351,1870,1896]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refId="ref38142" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D. Jr., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 1045 - 1107." type="book" year="1979">Burks 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFAECE1B4F635718AE5DA87A" author="Ives, W. G. H. & Wong, H. R." box="[361,571,1870,1897]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refId="ref40144" refString="Ives, W. G. H. & Wong, H. R. (1988) Tree and shrub insects of the prairie provinces. Information Report NOR-X- 292. Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, 327 pp." type="book" year="1988">Ives & Wong 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFAECE1B4C4E5719AE8BA87B" author="Bergdahl, A. D." box="[580,749,1870,1897]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refId="ref37596" refString="Bergdahl, A. D. (2015) North Dakota forest health highlights 2015. North Dakota Forest Service, North Dakota State University, Bottineau, North Dakota, 22 pp." type="book" year="2015">Bergdahl 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Within
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3577639FFAECE1B4D5A5719AFC1A87A" box="[848,935,1870,1896]" name="Canada" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the authors have observed galls of the sexual generation on introduced bur oaks in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFFAECE1B4C325725AEE9A89E" box="[568,655,1906,1932]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Alberta</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and on bur oaks within their native range in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFFAECE1B4A835725A892A89E" box="[1161,1268,1906,1932]" country="Canada" name="Manitoba" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Manitoba</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFFAECE1B4B215725A9E2A89E" box="[1323,1412,1906,1932]" country="Canada" name="Quebec" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Quebec</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFAECE244ECD57C1A97DAE0F" blockId="31.[151,1437,1834,2041]" lastBlockId="32.[151,1437,151,465]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAECE1B4ECD57C1ADA1A8A2" bold="true" box="[199,455,1942,1968]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Molecular taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||
This species was first described from adults of the sexual generation and galls on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFAECE1B4B8B57C0ADACA8C6" authority="(Gillette 1889)" baseAuthorityName="Gillette" baseAuthorityYear="1889" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAECE1B4B8B57C0AD79A8C6" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Q. macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFAECE1B4F2157EDADA4A8C6" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[299,450,1978,2004]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="281 - 285" refId="ref39656" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1889) New Cynipidae. Bulletin of the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station, 7, 281 - 285." type="journal article" year="1889">Gillette 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFAECE1B4FDE57ECAED5A8C6" author="Ives, W. G. H. & Wong, H. R." box="[468,691,1978,2005]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refId="ref40144" refString="Ives, W. G. H. & Wong, H. R. (1988) Tree and shrub insects of the prairie provinces. Information Report NOR-X- 292. Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, 327 pp." type="book" year="1988">Ives & Wong (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
tentatively identified adults and galls of the asexual generation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFAECE1B4B8E57ECAC88A8EA" authorityName="Nicholls & Melika & Digweed & Stone" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Gillette" baseAuthorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFAECE1B4B8E57ECAC88A8EA" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">B. flavipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but did not provide any confirmatory evidence. Herein, alternating generations are matched for the first time using DNA data, with four individuals (two asexual females, two sexual females) sequenced for both cytb and ITS2. Cytb sequences were on average 0.54% divergent (range 0–0.92%; GenBank accessions
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9413AB4AFF91CE244A7650ECA966AFC4" box="[1148,1280,187,214]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MN184628" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">MN184628</accessionNumber>
|
||
–
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9413AB4AFF91CE244B0550ECA9F7AFC4" box="[1295,1425,187,214]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MN184631" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">MN184631</accessionNumber>
|
||
). Six ITS2 sequences were observed across the four individuals (two individuals being heterozygous;
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9413AB4AFF91CE244B075088A9E8AFEB" box="[1293,1422,223,249]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MN184632" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">MN184632</accessionNumber>
|
||
–
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9413AB4AFF91CE244E9D5154AD7BAE0C" box="[151,285,259,286]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MN184637" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">MN184637</accessionNumber>
|
||
); those sequences were 0–0.60% divergent with three indels observed across all sequences.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF91CE244ECD5170AD91AEC3" blockId="32.[151,1437,151,465]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF91CE244EF75170AD11AE53" authorityName="Nicholls & Melika & Digweed & Stone" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Gillette" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[253,375,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF91CE244EF75170AD11AE53" box="[253,375,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">B. flavipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cytb haplotypes were on average 8.24% divergent from the only other published
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF91CE244B3C5170A9FBAE52" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1887" box="[1334,1437,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF91CE244B3C5170A9FBAE52" box="[1334,1437,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Bassettia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cytb sequence, obtained from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF91CE244FE2511CAE30AE77" box="[488,598,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF91CE244FE2511CAE30AE77" box="[488,598,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">B. pallida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(GenBank accession
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9413AB4AFF91CE244D40511CAFA8AE77" box="[842,974,331,357]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MG821072" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">MG821072</accessionNumber>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF91CE244DD0511CA8ACAE74" author="Nicholls, J. A. & Melika, G. & Demartini, J. & Stone, G. N." box="[986,1226,331,358]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="407 - 433" refId="ref42307" refString="Nicholls, J. A., Melika, G., Demartini, J. & Stone, G. N. (2018 b) New species of Dryocosmus Giraud gallwasps from California (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) galling Chrysolepis Hjelmq. (Fagaceae). Zootaxa, 4532 (3), 407 - 433. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4532.3.6" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Nicholls
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF91CE244A4A511CA817AE77" box="[1088,1137,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In addition, ITS2 sequences among the two species were about 6.64% different, with 21 indels (GenBank accession
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9413AB4AFF91CE244ADD5138A931AE9B" box="[1239,1367,367,393]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/OM331820" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">OM331820</accessionNumber>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF91CE244B8E5138AC80AEBF" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF91CE244B8E5138AC80AEBF" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">B. pallida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). These divergences are consistent with those expected for congeneric species, confirming our generic-level re-classification of this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF3F6621FF91CE244E9D57D9ACB6A8FC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601859" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601859/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" startId="32.[151,264,1934,1958]" targetBox="[180,1411,495,1896]" targetPageId="32">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF91CE244E9D57D9ACB6A8FC" blockId="32.[151,1437,1934,2030]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF91CE244E9D57D9AD04A8B4" bold="true" box="[151,354,1934,1958]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">FIGURES 95–102.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF91CE244F6257D8AE1BA8B4" authority="Ashmead" authorityName="Ashmead" box="[360,637,1934,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF91CE244F6257D8AE72A8B4" box="[360,532,1934,1958]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Bassettia pallida</emphasis>
|
||
Ashmead
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, sexual generation. 95–97, head, female: 95, frontal view, 96, dorsal view, 97, posterior view. 98, antenna, female. 99–101, head, male: 99, frontal view, 100, dorsal view, 101, posterior view. 102, antenna, male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6522FF90CE254ECD50C1AD5EADE0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF90CE254ECD50C1AEE4AE77" blockId="33.[151,1437,150,754]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF90CE254ECD50C1AD29AFA2" bold="true" box="[199,335,150,176]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
Suspected galls of the asexual generation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF90CE254D3E50C0AFCEAFA3" authorityName="Nicholls & Melika & Digweed & Stone" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Gillette" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[820,936,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF90CE254D3E50C0AFCEAFA3" box="[820,936,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">B. flavipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been identified as a source of damage on ornamental bur oaks because, at high population levels, they may attract birds which damage twigs while extracting larvae from galls (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF90CE254F6D5088AE27AFEB" author="Ives, W. G. H. & Wong, H. R." box="[359,577,223,249]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref40144" refString="Ives, W. G. H. & Wong, H. R. (1988) Tree and shrub insects of the prairie provinces. Information Report NOR-X- 292. Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, 327 pp." type="book" year="1988">Ives & Wong 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF90CE254C445088AE9FAFEB" author="Bergdahl, A. D." box="[590,761,222,249]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref37596" refString="Bergdahl, A. D. (2015) North Dakota forest health highlights 2015. North Dakota Forest Service, North Dakota State University, Bottineau, North Dakota, 22 pp." type="book" year="2015">Bergdahl 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Photos of this damage suggest that galls containing larvae may occur on a greater variety of stem sizes and maturities than we observed, perhaps as a function of higher population densities. It is also possible that old galls bearing exit holes, which persist on larger and older stems, house other insects that are sought by birds.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF90CE254ECD5138AD5EADE0" blockId="33.[151,1437,150,754]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
Rearings of asexual galls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF90CE254C015138AEE5AE9B" authorityName="Nicholls & Melika & Digweed & Stone" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Gillette" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[523,643,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF90CE254C015138AEE5AE9B" box="[523,643,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">B. flavipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Edmonton,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF90CE254D465138AFC6AE9B" box="[844,928,367,393]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Alberta</collectingRegion>
|
||
produced multiple other gall occupants. The most common (88%) alternative occupant was a species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF90CE254D4F51C4A829AEBF" authority="Hartig, 1840" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" box="[837,1103,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF90CE254D4F51C4AFD5AEBF" box="[837,947,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Ceroptres</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF90CE254DB651C4A829AEBF" author="Hartig, T." box="[956,1103,403,429]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="176 - 209" refId="ref39835" refString="Hartig, T. (1840) Uber die Familie der Gallwespen. Zeitschrift fur Entomologie, Germar, 2, 176 - 209." type="journal article" year="1840">Hartig, 1840</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; this genus is an inquiline in cynipid galls, although it is not clear if it is lethal to the original gall inducer (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF90CE254A0951E0A889AEC3" author="Ronquist, F. & Nieves-Aldrey, J. - L. & Buffington, M. L. & Liu, Z. & Liljeblad, J. & Nylander, J. A. A." box="[1027,1263,438,465]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="0123301" refId="ref43570" refString="Ronquist, F., Nieves-Aldrey, J. - L., Buffington, M. L., Liu, Z., Liljeblad, J. & Nylander, J. A. A. (2015) Phylogeny, evolution and classification of gall wasps: The plot thickens. PLOS One, 10 (5), e 0123301. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0123301" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Ronquist
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF90CE254A7851E0A8C5AEC3" box="[1138,1187,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It appeared to specialize on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF90CE254F3A518CADC1AEE7" authorityName="Nicholls & Melika & Digweed & Stone" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Gillette" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[304,423,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF90CE254F3A518CADC1AEE7" box="[304,423,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">B. flavipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Edmonton, as it was not reared from other bur-oak-galling cynipids there (S. Digweed, unpublished data). We also reared the chalcid parasitoids
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF90CE254D0751A8A802AD0B" authority="Walker, 1843" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1843" box="[781,1124,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Ormyridae" genus="Ormyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="labotus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF90CE254D0751A8AFAEAD0B" box="[781,968,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Ormyrus labotus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF90CE254DC751A8A802AD0B" author="Walker, F." box="[973,1124,511,537]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="145 - 162" refId="ref44517" refString="Walker, F. (1843) Description des Chalcidites trouvees au Bluff de Saint-Jean, dans la Florida orientale, par MM. E. Doubleday et R. Forster. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, Series 2, 1, 145 - 162." type="journal article" year="1843">Walker, 1843</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF90CE254A9151A8AD27AD2C" authority="(Girault, 1916)" baseAuthorityName="Girault" baseAuthorityYear="1916" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Sycophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marylandica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF90CE254A9151A8A9FBAD0B" box="[1179,1437,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Sycophila marylandica</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF90CE254E955274AD5CAD2C" author="Girault, A. A." box="[159,314,547,574]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="111 - 113" refId="ref39728" refString="Girault, A. A. (1916) New species of parasitic Hymenoptera. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 11, 111 - 113." type="journal article" year="1916">Girault, 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from asexual galls. All parasitoids emerged from mid-May to mid-June. We also reared these three species from sexual galls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF90CE254FEF5210AE38AD73" authorityName="Nicholls & Melika & Digweed & Stone" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Gillette" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[485,606,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF90CE254FEF5210AE38AD73" box="[485,606,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">B. flavipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as well as adults of the parasitoids
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF90CE254A005210ACBDAD94" authority="(Ashmead, 1886)" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1886" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Baryscapus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="racemariae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF90CE254A005210A97EAD72" box="[1034,1304,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Baryscapus racemariae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF90CE254B205210ACB5AD94" author="Ashmead, W. H." pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="125 - 135" refId="ref37109" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1886) Studies on the North American Chalcididae, with descriptions of new species from Florida. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 13, 125 - 135. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076470" type="journal article" year="1886">Ashmead, 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF90CE254EE3523CAE28AD97" authority="(Walsh, 1870)" baseAuthorityName="Walsh" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[233,590,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Sycophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF90CE254EE3523CADC7AD97" box="[233,417,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Sycophila dubia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF90CE254FB8523CAE20AD97" author="Walsh, B. D." box="[434,582,619,645]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="297 - 301" refId="ref44566" refString="Walsh, B. D. (1870) On the group of Eurytomides of the Hymenopterous family Chalcididae: with remarks on the theory of species, and a description of Antigaster, a new and very anomalous genus of Chalcididae. American Entomologist and Botanist, 2, 297 - 301." type="journal article" year="1870">Walsh, 1870</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF90CE254C84523CAF87AD97" authority="Say, 1836" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1836" box="[654,993,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Eurytoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="studiosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF90CE254C84523CAF05AD97" box="[654,867,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Eurytoma studiosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF90CE254D67523CAF87AD97" author="Say, T." box="[877,993,619,645]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="209 - 305" refId="ref43745" refString="Say, T. (1836) Descriptions of new species of North American Hymenoptera, and observations on some already described. Boston Journal of Natural History, 1, 209 - 305." type="journal article" year="1836">Say, 1836</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These alternative occupants of sexual
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF90CE254E9D52D8AD68ADBB" authorityName="Nicholls & Melika & Digweed & Stone" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Gillette" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[151,270,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF90CE254E9D52D8AD68ADBB" box="[151,270,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">B. flavipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
galls emerged between early July and mid-August.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF90CE254D5D52D8A88AADBB" authority="(Ashmead, 1881)" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[855,1260,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Sycophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foliatae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF90CE254D5D52D8A845ADBB" box="[855,1059,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Sycophila foliatae</emphasis>
|
||
(Ashmead, 1881)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF90CE254AF152D8AD48ADDF" authority="(Fitch, 1859)" baseAuthorityName="Fitch" baseAuthorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Sycophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercilanae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF90CE254AF152D8A9FBADBB" box="[1275,1437,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">S. quercilanae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF90CE254E9552E4AD40ADDF" author="Fitch, A." box="[159,294,690,717]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="781 - 854" refId="ref39355" refString="Fitch, A. (1859) Fifth report on the noxious and other insects of the state of New York. Insects infesting deciduous forest trees. Transactions of the New York State Agricultural Society, 18, 781 - 854." type="journal article" year="1859">Fitch, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF90CE254F6652E4AE80ADDF" authority="(Ashmead, 1894)" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[364,742,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Sycophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthochroa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF90CE254F6652E4AE71ADDF" box="[364,535,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">S. xanthochroa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF90CE254C2D52E4AEB8ADDF" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[551,734,691,717]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="318 - 344" refId="ref37210" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1894) Descriptions of new parasitic Hymenoptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 21, 318 - 344" type="journal article" year="1894">Ashmead, 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, have been reared elsewhere from sexual galls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF90CE254B2E52E4AD52ADE0" authority="(Noyes 2016)" baseAuthorityName="Noyes" baseAuthorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF90CE254B2E52E4A9FAADDF" box="[1316,1436,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">B. flavipes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF90CE254E955280AD4AADE0" author="Noyes, J. S." box="[159,300,727,754]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref42617" refString="Noyes, J. S. (2016) Universal Chalcidoidea Database. World Wide Web electronic publication. Available from: http: // www. nhm. ac. uk / chalcidoids (accessed 3 May 2022)" type="url" year="2016">Noyes 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |