233 lines
30 KiB
XML
233 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="9ECFB298A80EDA4DACA94F7DB7E4B079" ID-CLB-Dataset="66858" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6619785" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4f64b039-c97e-4468-b122-fd7209b613d3" ID-ISBN="978-84-941892-3-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6619785" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1654545700444" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson, Thomas E. Lacher, Jr & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2016" docId="03E941211E42FF7AFA3BF30017F82677" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_6_Ochotonidae_0028.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Ochotona hyperborea" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="34" masterDocId="FFD039591E47FF7CFFF3FFBB1F072251" masterDocTitle="Ochotonidae" masterLastPageNumber="43" masterPageNumber="28" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1699338949738" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="22F33090A95A3D79BC75EC8B9BB178E2" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="CCC9A42417E9F07D34F3FEB08DD9C3A7">
|
||
<mods:title id="4E53C96CE2154A72E92DE41E7B95D893">Ochotonidae</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="1A6C0EFC306F4453F47AE1F135608B18" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="5F020D514D0832582BABADD425956CCF">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="C0413972664DDB4F5C376EDBEEC02E04">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="2539E62446C961DCEFF5E4920E18B4D3">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="B4CAF84B335F46D1FE4C887EFACA3AB1" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="77C1EC3F01CDC6F64DF70B82DF152F49">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="F382EB532187FA014CCF85E8F45FB720">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="76AAB9C2C144639A8D1F0E07BFBA5B69">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="BF7E36B973C51A9BEA842EC1E885E7E4" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="1A1B0144B6B245EE1264E44B272582CE">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="12B29647869471C1CE6D5B03D5FDC22E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="5E4CE4CFBB4B2AE919AFA950031DE100">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="AADCE767408761B1BB4822B67D5C3E16">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="9DA14A335E1B506CDBAAAFAA3BC9FDAD" type="host">
|
||
<mods:originInfo id="651487032C36057ECBF2CAD3AAA8FE09">
|
||
<mods:dateIssued id="E9EC29ABFFE63BCC00EC61BEDD714E9A">2016</mods:dateIssued>
|
||
<mods:dateOther id="D8F92036145DDFAD15A1DC2E6179007A" type="pubDate">2016-07-31</mods:dateOther>
|
||
<mods:publisher id="75CF13DDF5DA79D38395FA997144764A">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
|
||
<mods:place id="648EC8CD3B4DBCD4A116117594A250BD">
|
||
<mods:placeTerm id="5F446C23EBF69D336041645F4E1CB454">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
|
||
</mods:place>
|
||
</mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="19AC88A5869FAF263B9C094D5255EC1C">
|
||
<mods:title id="6C4B14300041006CB767C949EA4F5C70">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="3E29A8D3382347F3E104E9748DD65017">
|
||
<mods:extent id="8AB7860B4FC11028401EA43977766935" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="4F9167A90D1C7420BF6D6003EFAA66E7">28</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="24269950EE33230B2D3A5DDF51487F92">43</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="BB93EE87DCBFA08C1601AFC2554AC727">book chapter</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="971770DA818B23F5E5DCC37C0870F7F2" type="CLB-Dataset">66858</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="BE08A6880EEC0B736F8FB487E9647BB6" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6619785</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="66244DAEFA3693BB325DE42B1265C21C" type="GBIF-Dataset">4f64b039-c97e-4468-b122-fd7209b613d3</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="15A148F9843A67B9FA0A0CB6FD90C8D0" type="ISBN">978-84-941892-3-4</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="EE6644442122A750BE9F21C6675038BF" type="Zenodo-Dep">6619785</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03E941211E42FF7AFA3BF30017F82677" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6620052" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195764627" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6620052" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E941211E42FF7AFA3BF30017F82677" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E941211E42FF7AFA3BF30017F82677" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E42FF79FA3BF3001AF92EBC" box="[1480,1534,3259,3309]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E42FF79FA3BF3001AF92EBC" blockId="5.[1475,2669,3259,3467]" box="[1480,1534,3259,3309]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">10.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E42FF79F9FCF300183B2EBC" box="[1551,1852,3259,3309]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E42FF79F9FCF300183B2EBC" blockId="5.[1475,2669,3259,3467]" box="[1551,1852,3259,3309]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<vernacularName id="054380191E42FF79F9FCF300183B2EBC" box="[1551,1852,3259,3309]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">Northern Pika</vernacularName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E42FF79F875F30017F62EBC" box="[1926,2289,3259,3309]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E42FF79F875F30017F62EBC" blockId="5.[1475,2669,3259,3467]" box="[1926,2289,3259,3309]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E42FF79F875F30017F62EBC" ID-CoL="7W4BY" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1811" box="[1926,2289,3259,3309]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hyperborea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E42FF79F875F30017F62EBC" box="[1926,2289,3259,3309]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">Ochotona hyperborea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E42FF79FA36F34418782FDA" pageId="5" pageNumber="33" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E42FF79FA36F34417FE2F45" blockId="5.[1475,2669,3259,3467]" box="[1477,2297,3327,3348]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E42FF79FA36F34419172F45" bold="true" box="[1477,1552,3327,3348]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">French:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="054380191E42FF79F9E9F34419AB2F45" box="[1562,1708,3327,3348]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">Pika de Sibérie</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E42FF79F932F344181B2F45" bold="true" box="[1729,1820,3327,3348]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">German:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="054380191E42FF79F8D6F34418EA2F45" box="[1829,2029,3327,3348]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">Nordlicher Pfeifhase</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E42FF79F7F1F344175A2F45" bold="true" box="[2050,2141,3327,3348]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">Spanish:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="054380191E42FF79F79BF34417FE2F45" box="[2152,2297,3327,3348]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">Pica de Siberia</vernacularName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E42FF79FA37F29C18782FDA" blockId="5.[1475,2669,3259,3467]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E42FF79FA37F29C19BC2F6D" bold="true" box="[1476,1723,3367,3388]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">Other common names:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="054380191E42FF79F930F29C18FF2F6D" box="[1731,2040,3367,3388]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">Anadyr Northern Pika (minima)</vernacularName>
|
||
,
|
||
<vernacularName id="054380191E42FF79F7F6F29C166E2F6D" box="[2053,2409,3367,3388]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">Chukchi Northern Pika (hyperborea)</vernacularName>
|
||
,
|
||
<vernacularName id="054380191E42FF79F68BF29C19B22F32" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">Lower Indigirka Northern Pika (shaman)</vernacularName>
|
||
,
|
||
<vernacularName id="054380191E42FF79F937F2F517502F32" box="[1732,2135,3406,3427]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">Northern Baikal Northern Pika (davanica)</vernacularName>
|
||
,
|
||
<vernacularName id="054380191E42FF79F795F2F516A02F32" box="[2150,2471,3406,3427]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">Rusty Northern Pika (ferruginea)</vernacularName>
|
||
,
|
||
<vernacularName id="054380191E42FF79F642F2F519572FDA" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">Tuva Northern Pika (stenorostrae)</vernacularName>
|
||
,
|
||
<vernacularName id="054380191E42FF79F9ADF2CD18782FDA" box="[1630,1919,3446,3467]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">Ural Northern Pika (uralensis)</vernacularName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E41FF7AFD25FEA21C242330" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E41FF7AFD25FEA21C242330" blockId="6.[725,1323,281,708]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E41FF7AFD25FEA21C7E236B" bold="true" box="[726,889,281,314]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AFC6CFEA21C192330" authority="Pallas, 1811" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1811" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Lepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">Lepus hyperboreus Pallas, 1811</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E41FF7AFCC6FEFF1CA923E0" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E41FF7AFCC6FEFF1CA923E0" blockId="6.[725,1323,281,708]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B28FA6A1E41FF7AFCC6FEFF1CA923E0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3803698323" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">“terris Tschuktschicis [= lands of Chukchee],” Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia.</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E41FF7AFD26FE0C1CB82732" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E41FF7AFD26FE0C1CB82732" blockId="6.[725,1323,281,708]" lastBlockId="6.[115,1324,715,3466]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
|
||
According mtDNA and nDNA,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AFB42FE0C1C1C23AE" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1811" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hyperborea">O. hyperborea</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to subgenus Pika. Taxonomic status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AFC2AFDB11B942076" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1811" box="[985,1171,522,551]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hyperborea">O. hyperborea</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a species and of some taxa included herein was discussed for a long time.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AFB58FDEF1C6420CC" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1811" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hyperborea">Ochotona hyperborea</taxonomicName>
|
||
was included in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AFB87FDC71BFE20CC" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[1140,1273,636,669]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alpina">O. alpina</taxonomicName>
|
||
by several authors. Taking into account sympatry between these species and difference in chromosomes, two species were separated; however, svatoshi was listed as a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AFBC4FD491BBB2142" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[1079,1212,754,787]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alpina">O. alpina</taxonomicName>
|
||
in several checklists.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AFE9DFCA11DB9216A" authorityName="Naumov" authorityYear="1934" box="[366,702,794,827]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turuchanensis">Ochotona turuchanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
also was separated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AFB90FCA11A25216A" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1811" box="[1123,1314,794,827]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hyperborea">O. hyperborea</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The nominate subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AFDC5FCFA1C0A2133" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1909" box="[566,781,833,866]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mantchurica">O. mantchurica</taxonomicName>
|
||
again was considered a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AFF51FCD21E5D21DB" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1811" box="[162,346,873,906]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hyperborea">O. hyperborea</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Modern studies of morphology, genetics, and bioacoustics support composition of the species considered here. All of this taxonomic confusion required careful attention to published data on ecology.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AFC1DFC0C1A022189" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1811" box="[1006,1285,951,984]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hyperborea">Ochotona hyperborea</taxonomicName>
|
||
is closely related species to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AFDF7FC641DDB2651" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1909" box="[516,732,991,1024]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mantchurica">O. mantchurica</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AFCC7FC641CF72651" authorityName="Formozov, Yakhontov & Dmitriev" authorityYear="1996" box="[820,1008,991,1024]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoffmanni">O. hoffmanni</taxonomicName>
|
||
; these three species correspond to allospecies. One of the best taxonomical markers, correlated with genetic variation is bioacoustics. Several types of calls have distinct geographical variation. According to morphological study it includes cinereoflava, cinereofusca, davanica, ferruginea, kolymensis, litoralis, minima, naumouvi, normalis, shamani, stenorostrae, svatoshi, uralensis, yesoensis, and yoshikurai.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AFC92FB171B732694" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1811" box="[865,1140,1196,1221]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hyperborea">Ochotona hyperborea</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sympatric with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AFF36FB6F1E4D26BC" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[197,330,1236,1261]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alpina">O. alpina</taxonomicName>
|
||
within Western and Eastern Sayan Mountains, Khangai Upland, and Tannu Ola Range (Tuva, Russia); sympatric with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AFC52FB481B8D2745" authorityName="Naumov" authorityYear="1934" box="[929,1162,1267,1300]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turuchanensis">O. turuchanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Putorana Plateau and adjacent regions of the central Siberian Plateau in the Nizhnyaya Tunguska River Basin. Eight subspecies recognized.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E41FF7AFF85FAD51B892A79" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" type="distribution">
|
||
<caption id="DF3FA0BF1E41FF7AFF85FAD51B892A79" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6619815" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6619815" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6619815/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" targetBox="[111,702,290,703]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E41FF7AFF85FAD51D2727DA" blockId="6.[115,1324,715,3466]" box="[118,544,1390,1419]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E41FF7AFF85FAD51D2727DA" bold="true" box="[118,544,1390,1419]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E41FF7AFF8AFA2B1B3B2788" blockId="6.[115,1324,715,3466]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AFF8AFA2B1B3B2788" authority="Pallas, 1811" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1811" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1811" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="hyperborea" subSpecies="hyperborea">O. h. hyperboreaPallas, 1811 — ChukchiPeninsulaandislandsintheBeringStrait (ArakamchechenandYttyrganIs), extremeNERussianFarEast.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E41FF7AFF8AFA641D9B2479" blockId="6.[115,1324,715,3466]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AFF8AFA641D9B2479" authority="Schrenk, 1858" authorityName="Schrenk" authorityYear="1858" baseAuthorityName="Schrenk" baseAuthorityYear="1858" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="hyperborea" subSpecies="cinereoflava">O. h. cinereoflavaSchrenk, 1858 — Aldanskyuplands, EpartofStanovoyRangeandDzhugdzhurMts, CRussianFarEast.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E41FF7AFF8AF98C1FC224CE" blockId="6.[115,1324,715,3466]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AFF8AF98C1FC224CE" authority="Schrenk, 1858" authorityName="Schrenk" authorityYear="1858" baseAuthorityName="Schrenk" baseAuthorityYear="1858" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="hyperborea" subSpecies="cinereofusca">O. h. cinereofuscaSchrenk, 1858 — SWoftherange, fromSayanMts, Tuva, andKhangaiUplandthroughBaikalregionEtoZeyaRiverinSRussiaandNMongolia.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E41FF7AFF89F91F1E0C256D" blockId="6.[115,1324,715,3466]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AFF89F91F1E0C256D" authority="Schrenk, 1858" authorityName="Schrenk" authorityYear="1858" baseAuthorityName="Schrenk" baseAuthorityYear="1858" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="hyperborea" subSpecies="ferruginea">O. h. ferrugineaSchrenk, 1858 — NEoftherangeinNERussia, CherskogoandSuntar-Hayataranges, Kolymskoye, Anadyr, andKoryakuplands, KamchatkaPeninsula, andYakutia; alsoinsmallcoastalislandsoftheSeaofOkhotsk (ZavyalovaI).</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E41FF7AFF89F8F91DCB25DA" blockId="6.[115,1324,715,3466]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AFF89F8F91DCB25DA" authority="Formozov & Yakhontov, 2003" authorityName="Formozov & Yakhontov" authorityYear="2003" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="hyperborea" subSpecies="naumovi">O. h. naumoviFormozov & Yakhontov, 2003 — fromPutoranaPlateautoVerkhoyanskRangeandAldanRiver, NCRussia.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E41FF7AFF89F82E1C8A25E3" blockId="6.[115,1324,715,3466]" box="[122,909,1941,1970]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AFF89F82E1C8A25E3" authority="Flerov, 1927" authorityName="Flerov" authorityYear="1927" box="[122,909,1941,1970]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="hyperborea" subSpecies="uralensis">O. h. uralensisFlerov, 1927 — NofUralMts, WRussia.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E41FF7AFF89F8031C6B2588" blockId="6.[115,1324,715,3466]" box="[122,876,1976,2009]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AFF89F8031C6B2588" authority="Kishida, 1930" authorityName="Kishida" authorityYear="1930" box="[122,876,1976,2009]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="hyperborea" subSpecies="yesoensis">O. h. yesoensisKishida, 1930 — Hokkaido (NJapan).</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E41FF7AFF89F8641B892A79" blockId="6.[115,1324,715,3466]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AFF89F8641D182A51" authority=": Kishida, 1932" authorityName=": Kishida" authorityYear="1932" box="[122,543,2015,2048]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="hyperborea" subSpecies="yoshikura">O. h. yoshikura: Kishida, 1932</taxonomicName>
|
||
— Russian Primorye and the left bank of Amur River E than Zeya River on the mainland and Sakhalin I, S Russian Far East.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E41FF7AFF84F7891B792878" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E41FF7AFF84F7891B792878" blockId="6.[115,1324,715,3466]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E41FF7AFF84F7891E862A1E" bold="true" box="[119,385,2098,2127]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body 130-180 mm, ear 15-28 mm, hindfoot 21-27 mm; weight 52-165 g. The Northern Pika is medium-sized; however, nominate subspecies is the smallest species of pikas. Pelage color is very variable. Dorsal fur is sandy gray to rufous and brown. Ventral fur is gray, sandy, or ocherous. Winter fur is longer, softer, and grayer than during other seasons. Hairs above neck gland are chestnut or rufous. Melanistic specimens are known. Ears are rounded, with white margins. Skull is small-sized to medium-sized and stout, with incisive and palatal foramens separated. Auditory bullae are medium-sized. Condylobasal lengths are 32-45 mm, skull widths are 17-22 mm, and skull heights are 12-16 mm. The Northern Pika can be distinguished from sympatric Alpine Pikas (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AFF76F6071E172B88" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[133,272,2492,2521]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alpina">O. alpina</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and Turuchan Pikas (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AFD73F6071C752B88" authorityName="Naumov" authorityYear="1934" box="[640,882,2492,2521]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turuchanensis">O. turuchanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
) by its smaller size and jagged shape of suture between maxillary and premaxillary bones. Mandible of the Northern Pika is smaller than the Manchurian Pika (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AFC62F5B71B762878" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1909" box="[913,1137,2572,2601]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mantchurica">O. mantchurica</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E41FF7AFF8BF5951D6F29DB" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E41FF7AFF8BF5951D6F29DB" blockId="6.[115,1324,715,3466]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E41FF7AFF8BF5951FEA281E" bold="true" box="[120,237,2606,2639]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Stony habitats with hollows and crevices among stones, allowing locomotion and providing stable temperature regimes, at elevations of 200-2000 m. The Northern Pika avoids unsteady screes; talus is its main habitat. Typical rock dweller,it accepts different kinds of open and overgrown talus in different stages of succession. Northern Pikas also occupy crumbling cliffs and buried stone accumulations of various origins. As a local peculiarity, Northern Pikas in middle Amur Basin, Russia, inhabit upland swamps. In years of high density, the Northern Pika inhabits all available hollow ground, trunk heaps, and even driftwood mounds that collect across rivers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E41FF7AFF8BF42B1D8D2EBC" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E41FF7AFF8BF42B1D8D2EBC" blockId="6.[115,1324,715,3466]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E41FF7AFF8BF42B1E8929E0" bold="true" box="[120,398,2960,2993]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Northern Pika feeds on green plants and also eats some berries, mushrooms, lichens, needles, and shoots. Pine nuts (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AFBC8F47A1B8B298B" authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[1083,1164,3009,3034]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sibirica or P. pumila,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AFEEBF45B1E9A2E50" authorityName="Sprengel ex F.Rudolphi" authorityYear="1830" box="[280,413,3040,3073]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pinaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) play important role in diets in some regions. The Northern Pika stores hay; hoarding starts in July and lasts ¢.3 months. Hay piles are 0.2-8 kg; they are small in northern regions. Northern Pikas usually harvest and store dominant plants, but some individual or regional selectivity occurs. Hay piles are situated in niches under or between stones, in fallen hollow tree trunks, or at bases of trees. During cold periods, the Northern Pika eats hoarded hay but also eats bark and shoots of bushes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E41FF7AFF8AF34C1527230E" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E41FF7AFF8AF34C1527230E" blockId="6.[115,1324,715,3466]" lastBlockId="6.[1389,2599,279,1065]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E41FF7AFF8AF34C1E002F45" bold="true" box="[121,263,3319,3348]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Depending on the region, breeding of Northern Pikas starts in April-May and lasts c.3 months. Females usually have one litter per year; some females have two litters. Young become fertile in their year of birth, but they rarely breed then. Each female has 1-11 embryos, more often 3-7. Gestation is c¢.28 days; neonates are born covered with dense fur and with their eyes closed. Eyes open at 7-8 days old. At 14 days old, neonates leave their nest and start feeding on herbs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E41FF7AFA9EFEDE19C62075" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E41FF7AFA9EFEDE19C62075" blockId="6.[1389,2599,279,1065]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E41FF7AFA9EFEDE196F23D7" bold="true" box="[1389,1640,357,390]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Northern Pika is diurnal and avoids midday heat and windy periods. During polar days, the Northern Pika is not active at night. The Northern Pika is easily visible, having high acoustic activity. During winter, Northern Pikas emerge aboveground only on sunny, calm days; they spend remainder of their time under snow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E41FF7AFA9CFD91171721D9" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E41FF7AFA9CFD91171721D9" blockId="6.[1389,2599,279,1065]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E41FF7AFA9CFD91177E201A" bold="true" box="[1391,2169,554,587]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The Northern Pika moves aboveground by running and leaping openly. Its sunbaths for shorter periods of time than the Alpine Pika or the Turuchan Pika; in general, the Northern Pika is more anxious than the other two species. Home ranges are 2100-5500 m?. Home ranges of males and females overlap. Densities are 300-2500 ind/km?, but can be as low as ¢.5-50 ind/km?® in peripheral settlements. Areas occupied are marked with old hay piles and latrines. The Northern Pika has well-developed vocalizations. Along with alarm calls, it has a song, and some of its elements are used in roll calls. Calls have clear social implications.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E41FF7AFA83FC3416D621E1" box="[1392,2513,911,944]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E41FF7AFA83FC3416D621E1" blockId="6.[1389,2599,279,1065]" box="[1392,2513,911,944]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E41FF7AFA83FC3419E421E1" bold="true" box="[1392,1763,911,944]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E41FF7AFA83FC0517F82677" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E41FF7AFA83FC0517F82677" blockId="6.[1389,2599,279,1065]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E41FF7AFA83FC05190E2186" bold="true" box="[1392,1545,958,983]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Formozov & Emelyanova (1999), Gashev (1971), Krivosheev & Krivosheeva (1991), Lissovsky (2003a, 2005), Lissovsky, Ivanova & Borisenko (2007), Lissovsky, Yang Qisen & Pil'nikov (2008), Melo-Ferreira et al. (2015), Nikol'skii & Srebrodolskaya (1989), Ognev (1940), Sokolov et al. (1994).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |