treatments-xml/data/03/E5/F2/03E5F213FFD6F77140EDFAB4FD7F9BE7.xml

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<mods:title id="4BC20AA36BC9DC203D78D0F459686D26">Checklist of digenean parasites of birds from Argentina</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03E5F213FFD6F77140EDFAB4FD7F9BE7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6242967" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119353752" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6242967" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E5F213FFD6F77140EDFAB4FD7F9BE7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E5F213FFD6F77140EDFAB4FD7F9BE7" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<subSubSection id="C356108EFFD6F77D40EDFAB4FDB29DA5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD6F77D40EDFAB4FD459D70" blockId="7.[151,739,1357,1381]" box="[151,739,1357,1381]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<heading id="D0BBF469FFD6F77D40EDFAB4FD459D70" bold="true" box="[151,739,1357,1381]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD6F77D40EDFAB4FD459D70" bold="true" box="[151,739,1357,1381]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Family 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD6F77D4097FAB4FD459D70" ID-CoL="7NHFR" authority="(Looss, 1899) Poche, 1926" authorityName="(Looss, 1899) Poche" authorityYear="1926" box="[237,739,1357,1381]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Echinostomatidae (Looss, 1899) Poche, 1926</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD6F77D40A4FA60FDB29DA5" blockId="7.[222,787,1433,1643]" box="[222,532,1433,1456]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD6F77D40A4FA60FDB29DA5" authority="Dietz, 1909" authorityName="Dietz" authorityYear="1909" box="[222,532,1433,1456]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Chaunocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD6F77D40A4FA60FE379DA5" box="[222,401,1433,1456]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chaunocephalus</emphasis>
Dietz, 1909
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C356108EFFD6F7724174FA47FDAE99AE" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD6F77D4174FA47FCB59DC0" blockId="7.[222,787,1433,1643]" box="[270,787,1470,1493]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD6F77D4174FA47FCB59DC0" authority="Travassos, 1922" authorityName="Travassos" authorityYear="1922" box="[270,787,1470,1493]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Chaunocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="panduriformis">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD6F77D4174FA47FDC79DC0" box="[270,609,1470,1493]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chaunocephalus panduriformis</emphasis>
Travassos, 1922
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD6F77D4144FA1DFDFC9E35" blockId="7.[222,787,1433,1643]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Host: 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD6F77D4104FA1DFD069DEE" authority="Gmelin" authorityName="Gmelin" box="[382,672,1508,1531]" class="Aves" family="Ciconiidae" genus="Ciconia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ciconiiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maguari">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD6F77D4104FA1DFD959DEE" box="[382,563,1508,1531]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ciconia maguari</emphasis>
(Gmelin)
</taxonomicName>
. Site of infection: intestine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD6F77D4144F9D6FD889E53" blockId="7.[222,787,1433,1643]" box="[318,558,1583,1606]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Locality: not reported.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD6F77D4144F9ADFD309E7E" blockId="7.[222,787,1433,1643]" box="[318,662,1620,1643]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Reference: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD3EF4FFD6F77D41C2F9ADFD349E7E" box="[440,658,1620,1643]" pageId="7" pageNumber="33" refString="Boero, J. J., Led, J. E. &amp; Brandetti, E. (1972 a) Algunos parasitos de la avifauna argentina. Analecta Veterinaria, 4, 17 - 34." type="journal article">
Boero 
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD6F77D427AF9ADFD909E7E" box="[512,566,1620,1643]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
(1972a)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD6F77D40A4F959FE6D9EA3" blockId="7.[222,1435,1695,2018]" box="[222,459,1695,1719]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD6F77D40A4F959FE6D9EA3" authority="Verma, 1936" authorityName="Verma" authorityYear="1936" box="[222,459,1695,1719]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinochasmidae" genus="Dissurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD6F77D40A4F959FE9B9EA2" box="[222,317,1696,1719]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Dissurus</emphasis>
Verma, 1936
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD6F77D4174F93CFD369F32" blockId="7.[222,1435,1695,2018]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD6F77D4174F93CFED49F14" authority="(Boero, Led &amp; Brandetti, 1972) Kostadinava, 2005 Syn." authorityName="(Boero, Led &amp; Brandetti, 1972) Kostadinava, 2005 Syn." class="Trematoda" family="Echinochasmidae" genus="Dissurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="brevis">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD6F77D4174F93CFE159EC9" box="[270,435,1733,1756]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Dissurus brevis</emphasis>
(Boero, Led &amp; Brandetti, 1972) Kostadinava, 2005 Syn.
</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD6F77D4106F913FED39F32" authority="Boero, Led &amp; Brandetti, 1972 Host" authorityName="Boero, Led &amp; Brandetti, 1972 Host" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Psilocollaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="brevis">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD6F77D4106F913FDED9F14" box="[380,587,1770,1793]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Psilocollaris brevis</emphasis>
Boero, Led &amp; Brandetti, 1972 Host
</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD6F77D4104F8E9FD369F32" authority="Vieillot." authorityName="Vieillot." box="[382,656,1808,1831]" class="Aves" family="Anatidae" genus="Anas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anseriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanoptera">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD6F77D4104F8E9FD949F32" box="[382,562,1808,1831]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Anas cyanoptera</emphasis>
Vieillot.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD6F77D4144F8CCFD3C9F59" blockId="7.[222,1435,1695,2018]" box="[318,666,1845,1868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Site of infection: small intestine.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD6F77D4144F8A2FD309F82" blockId="7.[222,1435,1695,2018]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Locality: 25 de mayo, Buenos Aires Province. Reference: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD3EF4FFD6F77D41C2F879FD349F82" box="[440,658,1920,1944]" pageId="7" pageNumber="33" refString="Boero, J. J., Led, J. E. &amp; Brandetti, E. (1972 a) Algunos parasitos de la avifauna argentina. Analecta Veterinaria, 4, 17 - 34." type="journal article">
Boero 
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD6F77D427AF878FD909F8D" box="[512,566,1921,1944]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
(1972a)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD6F77D4144F85FFA3D9FA8" blockId="7.[222,1435,1695,2018]" box="[318,1435,1958,1981]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Comments: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD3EF4FFD6F77D41BAF85FFD049FA8" author="Kostadinova" box="[448,674,1958,1981]" pageId="7" pageNumber="33" refString="Kostadinova, A. (2005 a) Family Echinostomatidae Looss, 1899. In: Jones, A, Bray, R. &amp; Gibson, D. (Ed.), Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. I 1. CAB International, London, 9 - 64." type="journal article" year="2005" yearSuffix="a">Kostadinova (2005a)</bibRefCitation>
considers the genus 
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD6F77D43FEF85FFBAA9FA8" box="[900,1036,1958,1981]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Psilocollaris</emphasis>
Singh, 1954 as a synonym of 
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD6F77D452CF85FFA3D9FA8" box="[1366,1435,1958,1981]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Dissu­</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD6F77D4103F832FE049FF7" blockId="7.[222,1435,1695,2018]" box="[377,418,1995,2018]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD6F77D4103F832FE049FF7" box="[377,418,1995,2018]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">rus.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD9F77240A4FF67FDBB98A1" blockId="8.[222,833,157,368]" box="[222,541,157,181]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD9F77240A4FF67FDBB98A1" authority="Dietz, 1909" authorityName="Dietz" authorityYear="1909" box="[222,541,157,181]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Drepanocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD9F77240A4FF67FE3C98A0" box="[222,410,158,181]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Drepanocephalus</emphasis>
Dietz, 1909
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD9F7724174FF3AFD1598CF" blockId="8.[222,833,157,368]" box="[270,691,195,218]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD9F7724174FF3AFD1598CF" authority="Dietz, 1909" authorityName="Dietz" authorityYear="1909" box="[270,691,195,218]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Drepanocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="spathans">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD9F7724174FF3AFD9698CF" box="[270,560,195,218]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Drepanocephalus spathans</emphasis>
Dietz, 1909
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD9F7724144FF10FDFC9930" blockId="8.[222,833,157,368]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Host: 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD9F7724104FF10FCAE9915" authority="Gmelin" authorityName="Gmelin" box="[382,776,233,256]" class="Aves" family="Phalacrocoracidae" genus="Phalacrocorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasilianus">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD9F7724104FF10FD3A9915" box="[382,668,233,256]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Phalacrocorax brasilianus</emphasis>
(Gmelin)
</taxonomicName>
. Site of infection: intestine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD9F7724144FECDFCE79965" blockId="8.[222,833,157,368]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Locality: Obras Sanitarias, Buenos Aires city. References: Ostrowski de Núñez (1966, 1968b).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD9F77240A4FE5DFDAE99AE" blockId="8.[222,1437,420,1806]" box="[222,520,420,443]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD9F77240A4FE5DFDAE99AE" authority="Dietz, 1909" authorityName="Dietz" authorityYear="1909" box="[222,520,420,443]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Echinochasmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD9F77240A4FE5DFE2399AE" box="[222,389,420,443]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Echinochasmus</emphasis>
Dietz, 1909
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C356108EFFD9F7724174FE33FD4A9A3E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD9F7724174FE33FBAC99F4" blockId="8.[222,1437,420,1806]" box="[270,1034,458,481]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD9F7724174FE33FBAC99F4" authority="(Braun, 1901) Kostadinova &amp; Gibson, 2001" authorityName="(Braun, 1901) Kostadinova &amp; Gibson" authorityYear="2001" box="[270,1034,458,481]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Echinochasmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="suspensum">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD9F7724174FE33FD8999F4" box="[270,559,458,481]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Echinochasmus suspensum</emphasis>
(Braun, 1901) 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD3EF4FFD9F77242A8FE33FBAC99F4" author="Kostadinova" box="[722,1034,458,481]" pageId="8" pageNumber="34" refString="Kostadinova, A. &amp; Gibson, D. (2001) A redescription of Uroproctepisthmium bursicola (Creplin, 1837) n. comb. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae), and re-evaluations of the genera Episthmium Luhe, 1909 and Uroproctepisthmium Fischthal &amp; Kuntz, 1976. Systematic Parasitology, 50, 63 - 67." type="journal article" year="2001">Kostadinova &amp; Gibson, 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD9F7724174FE16FD4A9A3E" blockId="8.[222,1437,420,1806]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Syn.: 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD9F7724136FE16FED39A3E" authority="(Braun, 1901) Travassos, 1922 Host" authorityName="(Braun, 1901) Travassos, 1922 Host" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Episthmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="suspensum">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD9F7724136FE16FDE09A13" box="[332,582,495,518]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Episthmium suspensum</emphasis>
(Braun, 1901) Travassos, 1922 Host
</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD9F7724104FDECFD4F9A3E" ID-CoL="485KR" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[382,745,532,556]" class="Aves" family="Ardeidae" genus="Nycticorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pelecaniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nycticorax">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD9F7724104FDECFDCC9A39" box="[382,618,533,556]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nycticorax nycticorax</emphasis>
(Linnaeus)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C356108EFFD9F7724144FDC3FD0B9B90" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD9F7724144FDC3FD349A62" blockId="8.[222,1437,420,1806]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Experimental host: 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD9F7724274FDC3FCBC9A44" box="[526,794,570,593]" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" genus="Gallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gallus" subSpecies="domesticus">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD9F7724274FDC3FCBC9A44" box="[526,794,570,593]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Gallus gallus domesticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.). Site of infection: bursa Fabricii.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD9F7724144FD7CFC809A89" blockId="8.[222,1437,420,1806]" box="[318,806,645,668]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Locality: Obras Sanitarias, Buenos Aires city.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD9F7724144FD52FD1A9B00" blockId="8.[222,1437,420,1806]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Life history: Hi1: 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD9F772427FFD52FC309AD7" authority="d'Orbigny" authorityName="d'Orbigny" box="[517,918,683,706]" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Biomphalaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="peregrina">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD9F772427FFD52FCAD9AD7" box="[517,779,683,706]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Biomphalaria peregrina</emphasis>
(d’Orbigny)
</taxonomicName>
(natural host) from Totoral stream, 
<collectingCountry id="F35B0395FFD9F7724557FD52FAEA9AD7" box="[1325,1356,683,706]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">De</collectingCountry>
Monte lagoon, Buenos Aires Province. Hi2: tadpoles of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD9F77243FEFD2DFBD19AFE" authority="Hensel" authorityName="Hensel" box="[900,1143,724,747]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arenarum">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD9F77243FEFD2DFB809AFE" box="[900,1062,724,747]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Bufo arenarum</emphasis>
Hensel
</taxonomicName>
(experimental host); metacercariae encysted in muscles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD9F7724144FCDAFD559B2F" blockId="8.[222,1437,420,1806]" box="[318,755,803,826]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Reference: Ostrowski de Núñez (1974a).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD9F7724144FCB0FA3A9B75" blockId="8.[222,1437,420,1806]" box="[318,1436,841,864]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Comments: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD3EF4FFD9F77241B8FCB0FCAB9B75" author="Kostadinova" box="[450,781,841,864]" pageId="8" pageNumber="34" refString="Kostadinova, A. &amp; Gibson, D. (2001) A redescription of Uroproctepisthmium bursicola (Creplin, 1837) n. comb. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae), and re-evaluations of the genera Episthmium Luhe, 1909 and Uroproctepisthmium Fischthal &amp; Kuntz, 1976. Systematic Parasitology, 50, 63 - 67." type="journal article" year="2001">Kostadinova &amp; Gibson (2001)</bibRefCitation>
tentatively consider the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD9F772441EFCB0FAC19B75" authority="Luhe, 1909" authorityName="Luhe" authorityYear="1909" box="[1124,1383,841,864]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Episthmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD9F772441EFCB0FB459B75" box="[1124,1251,841,864]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Episthmium</emphasis>
Lühe, 1909
</taxonomicName>
as a
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD9F7724103FC97FD0B9B90" blockId="8.[222,1437,420,1806]" box="[377,685,878,901]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
synonym of 
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD9F7724184FC97FD0B9B90" box="[510,685,878,901]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD9F7724184FC97FD0F9B90" box="[510,681,878,901]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Echinochasmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Echinochasmus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C356108EFFD9F7724174FC6DFDFC9BE3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD9F7724174FC6DFD769BBE" blockId="8.[222,1437,420,1806]" box="[270,720,916,939]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD9F7724174FC6DFD769BBE" authority="Martorelli, 1985" authorityName="Martorelli" authorityYear="1985" box="[270,720,916,939]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Echinochasmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="talaensis">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD9F7724174FC6DFDBD9BBE" box="[270,539,916,939]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Echinochasmus talaensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD3EF4FFD9F772425BFC6DFD769BBE" author="Martorelli" box="[545,720,916,939]" pageId="8" pageNumber="34" refString="Martorelli, S. R. (1985) Estudios parasitologicos en biotopos lenticos de la Republica Argentina I: El ciclo biologico de Echinochasmus talaensis sp. nov. (Digenea) parasito de Pitangus sulphuratus bolivianus (Aves: Fournaridae). Neotropica, 31, 187 - 200." type="journal article" year="1985">Martorelli, 1985</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD9F7724144FC40FDFC9BE3" blockId="8.[222,1437,420,1806]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Host: 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD9F7724104FC43FCCF9BC5" ID-CoL="5KGQQ" authority="Lafresnaye" authorityName="Lafresnaye" box="[382,873,953,977]" class="Aves" family="Tyrannidae" genus="Pitangus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="sulphuratus" subSpecies="bolivianus">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD9F7724104FC43FD719BC4" box="[382,727,954,977]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pitangus sulphuratus bolivianus</emphasis>
(Lafresnaye)
</taxonomicName>
. Site of infection: intestine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C356108EFFD9F7724144FBFDFDDF9CCE" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD9F7724144FBFDFCB09C0E" blockId="8.[222,1437,420,1806]" box="[318,790,1028,1051]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Locality: Los Talas, Buenos Aires Province.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD9F7724144FBD3FE499C85" blockId="8.[222,1437,420,1806]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Life history: Hi1: 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD9F7724181FBD3FCC39C54" authority="Gaillard" authorityName="Gaillard" box="[507,869,1066,1089]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Heleobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castellanosae">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD9F7724181FBD3FD539C54" box="[507,757,1066,1089]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Heleobia castellanosae</emphasis>
(Gaillard)
</taxonomicName>
(experimental and natural host from Los Talas). Hi2: 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD9F7724103FBAAFCBE9C7F" authority="Jenyns" authorityName="Jenyns" box="[377,792,1107,1130]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="decemmaculatus">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD9F7724103FBAAFD1E9C7F" box="[377,696,1107,1130]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cnesterodon decemmaculatus</emphasis>
(Jenyns)
</taxonomicName>
(experimental and natural host from Los Talas); metacercariae in gills.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD9F7724144FB67FD059CA0" blockId="8.[222,1437,420,1806]" box="[318,675,1182,1205]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Material deposited: MLP, 1317C.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD9F7724144FB3DFDDF9CCE" blockId="8.[222,1437,420,1806]" box="[318,633,1220,1243]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Reference: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD3EF4FFD9F77241C2FB3DFDD39CCE" author="Martorelli" box="[440,629,1220,1243]" pageId="8" pageNumber="34" refString="Martorelli, S. R. (1985) Estudios parasitologicos en biotopos lenticos de la Republica Argentina I: El ciclo biologico de Echinochasmus talaensis sp. nov. (Digenea) parasito de Pitangus sulphuratus bolivianus (Aves: Fournaridae). Neotropica, 31, 187 - 200." type="journal article" year="1985">Martorelli (1985)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C356108EFFD9F7724174FB13FD889DA9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD9F7724174FB13FDFC9D83" blockId="8.[222,1437,420,1806]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD9F7724174FB13FDB99D14" box="[270,543,1258,1281]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Echinochasmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="wernickii">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD9F7724174FB13FDB99D14" box="[270,543,1258,1281]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Echinochasmus wernickii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Marcó del 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD3EF4FFD9F77242D8FB10FCB19D15" author="Pont" box="[674,791,1257,1280]" pageId="8" pageNumber="34" refString="Marco del Pont, A. (1926) Contribucion al estudio de los zooparasitos de los animales salvajes. Semana Medica, 16 - 22." type="book chapter" year="1926">Pont, 1926</bibRefCitation>
) 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD3EF4FFD9F772435FFB10FBFB9D15" author="Kostadinova" box="[805,1117,1257,1280]" pageId="8" pageNumber="34" refString="Kostadinova, A. &amp; Gibson, D. (2001) A redescription of Uroproctepisthmium bursicola (Creplin, 1837) n. comb. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae), and re-evaluations of the genera Episthmium Luhe, 1909 and Uroproctepisthmium Fischthal &amp; Kuntz, 1976. Systematic Parasitology, 50, 63 - 67." type="journal article" year="2001">Kostadinova &amp; Gibson, 2001</bibRefCitation>
Syn.: 
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD9F7724106FAF6FD209D33" box="[380,646,1295,1318]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Equinostomum 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD9F7724258FAF6FD209D33" authority="Marco" authorityName="Marco" box="[546,646,1295,1318]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Echinochasmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="wernickii">wernickii</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
Marcó del 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD3EF4FFD9F772437AFAF6FCD59D33" author="Pont" box="[768,883,1295,1318]" pageId="8" pageNumber="34" refString="Marco del Pont, A. (1926) Contribucion al estudio de los zooparasitos de los animales salvajes. Semana Medica, 16 - 22." type="book chapter" year="1926">Pont, 1926</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD9F77241FDFACCFDD69D59" box="[391,624,1333,1356]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Episthmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="wernickii">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD9F77241FDFACCFDD69D59" box="[391,624,1333,1356]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Episthmium wernickii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Marcó del 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD3EF4FFD9F7724289FACDFCCE9D5E" author="Pont" box="[755,872,1332,1355]" pageId="8" pageNumber="34" refString="Marco del Pont, A. (1926) Contribucion al estudio de los zooparasitos de los animales salvajes. Semana Medica, 16 - 22." type="book chapter" year="1926">Pont, 1926</bibRefCitation>
) Yamaguti, 1958 Host: 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD9F7724104FAA3FE689D64" ID-CoL="6BJS" box="[382,462,1370,1393]" class="Aves" family="Anatidae" genus="Oxyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anseriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD9F7724104FAA3FE689D64" box="[382,462,1370,1393]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Oxyura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (cited as 
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD9F7724220FAA3FCE09D64" box="[602,838,1370,1393]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Podiciper americanos</emphasis>
) Site of infection: intestine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD9F7724144FA5CFD889DA9" blockId="8.[222,1437,420,1806]" box="[318,558,1445,1468]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Locality: not reported.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C356108EFFD9F7734144FA33FDB09AB5" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD9F7724144FA33FD179DF4" blockId="8.[222,1437,420,1806]" box="[318,689,1482,1505]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Reference: Marcó del 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD3EF4FFD9F7724256FA33FD0B9DF4" author="Pont" box="[556,685,1482,1505]" pageId="8" pageNumber="34" refString="Marco del Pont, A. (1926) Contribucion al estudio de los zooparasitos de los animales salvajes. Semana Medica, 16 - 22." type="book chapter" year="1926">Pont (1926)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD9F7724144FA09FA3A9E12" blockId="8.[222,1437,420,1806]" box="[318,1436,1520,1543]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Comments: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD3EF4FFD9F77241B8FA09FCAB9E12" author="Kostadinova" box="[450,781,1520,1543]" pageId="8" pageNumber="34" refString="Kostadinova, A. &amp; Gibson, D. (2001) A redescription of Uroproctepisthmium bursicola (Creplin, 1837) n. comb. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae), and re-evaluations of the genera Episthmium Luhe, 1909 and Uroproctepisthmium Fischthal &amp; Kuntz, 1976. Systematic Parasitology, 50, 63 - 67." type="journal article" year="2001">Kostadinova &amp; Gibson (2001)</bibRefCitation>
tentatively consider the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD9F772441EFA09FAC19E12" authority="Luhe, 1909" authorityName="Luhe" authorityYear="1909" box="[1124,1383,1520,1543]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Episthmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD9F772441EFA09FB459E12" box="[1124,1251,1520,1543]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Episthmium</emphasis>
Lühe, 1909
</taxonomicName>
as a
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD9F7724103F9ECFD0B9E38" blockId="8.[222,1437,420,1806]" box="[377,685,1557,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
synonym of 
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD9F7724184F9EFFD0B9E38" box="[510,685,1558,1581]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD9F7724184F9EFFD0F9E38" box="[510,681,1558,1581]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Echinochasmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Echinochasmus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD9F7724174F9C2FE7C9E47" blockId="8.[222,1437,420,1806]" box="[270,474,1595,1618]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD9F7724174F9C2FE109E47" box="[270,438,1595,1618]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Echinochasmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD9F7724174F9C2FE109E47" box="[270,438,1595,1618]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Echinochasmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD9F7724144F999FD369E62" blockId="8.[222,1437,420,1806]" box="[318,656,1632,1656]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Host: 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD9F7724104F998FD2A9E62" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[382,652,1632,1656]" class="Aves" family="Ardeidae" genus="Bubulcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pelecaniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ibis">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD9F7724104F998FDA99E6D" box="[382,527,1633,1656]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Bubulcus ibis</emphasis>
(Linnaeus)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD9F7724144F97FFD3C9E88" blockId="8.[222,1437,420,1806]" box="[318,666,1670,1693]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Site of infection: small intestine.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD9F7724144F955FCCC9ED6" blockId="8.[222,1437,420,1806]" box="[318,874,1708,1731]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Locality: 
<collectingCountry id="F35B0395FFD9F77241DFF955FE629ED6" box="[421,452,1708,1731]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">De</collectingCountry>
Monte lagoon, Buenos Aires Province.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD9F7724174F928FD0A9EFD" blockId="8.[222,1437,420,1806]" box="[270,684,1745,1768]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Reference: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD3EF4FFD9F77241F2F928FD0E9EFD" author="Labriola" box="[392,680,1745,1768]" pageId="8" pageNumber="34" refString="Labriola, J. B. &amp; Suriano, D. M. (1998) Digeneans of bird (Ardeidae) from the Monte lake, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Physis, 56, 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1998">Labriola &amp; Suriano (1998)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD9F7724174F90FFD2D9F18" blockId="8.[222,1437,420,1806]" box="[270,651,1782,1806]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Comments: cited as 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD9F772419DF90EFDC09F1B" box="[487,614,1783,1806]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Episthmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD9F772419DF90EFDC09F1B" box="[487,614,1783,1806]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Episthmium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD9F77240A4F8BBFD869F4C" blockId="8.[222,1245,1858,2030]" box="[222,544,1858,1881]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD9F77240A4F8BBFD869F4C" authority="Dietz, 1909" authorityName="Dietz" authorityYear="1909" box="[222,544,1858,1881]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Echinoparyphium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD9F77240A4F8BBFE3B9F4C" box="[222,413,1858,1881]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Echinoparyphium</emphasis>
Dietz, 1909
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD9F7724174F89EFDFC9FDC" blockId="8.[222,1245,1858,2030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD9F7724174F89EFCA79F6B" authority="Linstow, 1873" authorityName="Linstow" authorityYear="1873" box="[270,769,1895,1918]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Echinoparyphium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="recurvatum">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD9F7724174F89EFDE89F6B" box="[270,590,1895,1918]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Echinoparyphium recurvatum</emphasis>
(Linstow, 1873)
</taxonomicName>
. Hosts: 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD9F77241F3F874FCF39FB6" authority="Lichtenstein" authorityName="Lichtenstein" box="[393,853,1932,1956]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Gallinula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="chloropus" subSpecies="galeata">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD9F77241F3F874FD109FB1" box="[393,694,1933,1956]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Gallinula chloropus galeata</emphasis>
(
<collectingCountry id="F35B0395FFD9F77242BEF875FCE89FB6" box="[708,846,1932,1955]" name="Liechtenstein" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lichtenstein</collectingCountry>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD9F7724325F874FB7F9FB6" authority="Lichtenstein" authorityName="Lichtenstein" box="[863,1241,1932,1956]" class="Aves" family="Threskiornithidae" genus="Phimosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pelecaniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infuscatus">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD9F7724325F874FB9F9FB1" box="[863,1081,1933,1956]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Phimosus infuscatus</emphasis>
(
<collectingCountry id="F35B0395FFD9F7724432F875FB759FB6" box="[1096,1235,1932,1955]" name="Liechtenstein" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lichtenstein</collectingCountry>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Site of infection: intestine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD9F7724144F82EFD049FFB" blockId="8.[222,1245,1858,2030]" box="[318,674,2007,2030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Locality: Buenos Aires Province.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD8F7734144FF64FD1798A1" blockId="9.[270,1436,157,597]" box="[318,689,157,180]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Reference: Marcó del 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD3EF4FFD8F7734256FF64FD0B98A1" author="Pont" box="[556,685,157,180]" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" refString="Marco del Pont, A. (1926) Contribucion al estudio de los zooparasitos de los animales salvajes. Semana Medica, 16 - 22." type="book chapter" year="1926">Pont (1926)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD8F7734144FF3AFC0598CF" blockId="9.[270,1436,157,597]" box="[318,931,195,218]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Comments: Described as 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD8F7734235FF3AFC3A98CF" box="[591,924,195,218]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Echinostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinostomida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subSpecies" species="equinatus" subSpecies="gigas">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD8F7734235FF3AFC3A98CF" box="[591,924,195,218]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Echinostomum equinatus gigas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD8F7734174FF10FD9C9930" blockId="9.[270,1436,157,597]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD8F7734174FF10FC3C9915" authority="Semenas, Brugni &amp; Ostrowski" authorityName="Semenas, Brugni &amp; Ostrowski" box="[270,922,233,256]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Echinoparyphium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="megacirrus">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD8F7734174FF10FDE89915" box="[270,590,233,256]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Echinoparyphium megacirrus</emphasis>
Semenas, Brugni &amp; Ostrowski
</taxonomicName>
de 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD3EF4FFD8F77343BAFF10FBEE9915" author="Nunez" box="[960,1096,233,256]" pageId="9" pageNumber="35" refString="Semenas, L., Brugni, N. &amp; Ostrowski de Nunez, M. (1999) Metacercariae of Echinostomatidae in Diplodon chilensis (Unionacea, Pelecypoda) and description of Echinoparyphium megacirrus sp. n. in Patagonia (Argentina). Acta Parasitologica, 44, 63 - 67." type="journal article" year="1999">Núñez, 1999</bibRefCitation>
Natural host: unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD8F7734144FECDFD3C9965" blockId="9.[270,1436,157,597]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Experimental hosts: 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD8F7734263FECDFC82995E" box="[537,804,308,331]" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" genus="Gallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gallus" subSpecies="domesticus">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD8F7734263FECDFC82995E" box="[537,804,308,331]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Gallus gallus domesticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.), 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD8F7734318FECDFECE9965" authority="L. Site" authorityName="L. Site" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="musculus">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD8F7734318FECDFC5F995E" box="[866,1017,308,331]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Mus musculus</emphasis>
L. Site
</taxonomicName>
of infection: small intestine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD8F7734144FE87FC969980" blockId="9.[270,1436,157,597]" box="[318,816,382,405]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Locality: Gutiérrez Lake, Río Negro Province.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD8F7734144FE5DFCE39A25" blockId="9.[270,1436,157,597]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Life history: Hi1: unknown. Hi2: 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD8F77342E7FE5DFC1299AE" authority="Gray" authorityName="Gray" box="[669,948,420,443]" class="Bivalvia" family="Hyriidae" genus="Diplodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionoida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="chilensis">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD8F77342E7FE5DFCC099AE" box="[669,870,420,443]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Diplodon chilensis</emphasis>
(Gray)
</taxonomicName>
(natural host from Gutiérrez Lake); metacercariae in pericardial cavity, hepatopancreas and gonads; 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD8F77343ADFE37FA3A99F0" authority="Moquin-Tandon" authorityName="Moquin-Tandon" box="[983,1436,462,485]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Temnocephalidae" genus="Temnocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="chilensis">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD8F77343ADFE37FB7099F0" box="[983,1238,462,485]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Temnocephala chilensis</emphasis>
(Moquin­Tandon)
</taxonomicName>
(natural host). Hd: Only mature specimens were obtained from 
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD8F7734467FE0AFA979A1F" box="[1053,1329,499,522]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD8F7734467FE0AFA8B9A1F" box="[1053,1325,499,522]" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" genus="Gallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gallus" subSpecies="domesticus">Gallus gallus domesticus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Material deposited: MACN, 389/1, 389/2; UNC.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD8F7734144FDC7FC229A40" blockId="9.[270,1436,157,597]" box="[318,900,574,597]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Reference: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD3EF4FFD8F77341C2FDC7FD059A40" box="[440,675,574,597]" pageId="9" pageNumber="35" refString="Semenas, L., Brugni, N. &amp; Ostrowski de Nunez, M. (1999) Metacercariae of Echinostomatidae in Diplodon chilensis (Unionacea, Pelecypoda) and description of Echinoparyphium megacirrus sp. n. in Patagonia (Argentina). Acta Parasitologica, 44, 63 - 67." type="journal article">
Semenas 
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD8F7734267FDC7FDF59A40" box="[541,595,574,597]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
(1999)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD3EF4FFD8F77342D4FDC7FC269A40" box="[686,896,574,597]" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" refString="Viozzi, G., Flores, V. &amp; Rauque, C. (2005) An ectosymbiotic flatworm, Temnocephala chilensis, as second intermediate host for Echinoparyphium megacirrus (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) in Patagonia (Argentina). Journal of Parasitology, 91, 229 - 231." type="journal article">
Viozzi 
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD8F7734280FDC7FC969A40" box="[762,816,574,597]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
(2005)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD8F77340A4FD73FDB09AB5" blockId="9.[222,1436,649,1389]" box="[222,534,649,673]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD8F77340A4FD73FDB09AB5" authority="Rudolphi, 1809" authorityName="Rudolphi" authorityYear="1809" box="[222,534,649,673]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Echinostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD8F77340A4FD73FECF9AB4" box="[222,361,650,673]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Echinostoma</emphasis>
Rudolphi, 1809
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C356108EFFD8F7734174FD56FDE19B23" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD8F7734174FD56FDEF9B04" blockId="9.[222,1436,649,1389]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD8F7734174FD56FED39AFE" ID-CoL="8H822" authority="Sutton &amp; Lunaschi, 1980 Host" authorityName="Sutton &amp; Lunaschi, 1980 Host" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Echinostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="chloephagae">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD8F7734174FD56FD8E9AD3" box="[270,552,687,710]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Echinostoma chloephagae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD3EF4FFD8F7734254FD56FC9F9AD3" author="Sutton" box="[558,825,687,710]" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" refString="Sutton, C. A. &amp; Lunaschi, L. I. (1980) Contribucion al conocimiento de la fauna parasitologica argentina VII. Nuevo digeneo en Chloephaga picta leucoptera Gmelin. Neotropica, 26, 13 - 17." type="journal article" year="1980">Sutton &amp; Lunaschi, 1980</bibRefCitation>
Host
</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD8F7734104FD2DFC879AFE" ID-CoL="7JLQ9" authority="Gmelin" authorityName="Gmelin" box="[382,801,724,747]" class="Aves" family="Anatidae" genus="Chloephaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anseriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="picta" subSpecies="leucoptera">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD8F7734104FD2DFD139AFE" box="[382,693,724,747]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Chloephaga picta leucoptera</emphasis>
(Gmelin)
</taxonomicName>
. Site of infection: rectum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD8F7734144FCE6FDE19B23" blockId="9.[222,1436,649,1389]" box="[318,583,799,822]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Locality: 
<collectingCountry id="F35B0395FFD8F77341DFFCE6FDE59B23" box="[421,579,799,822]" name="Falkland Islands" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Islas Malvinas</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C356108EFFD8F7734144FCBCFE769DAD" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD8F7734144FCBCFD309B49" blockId="9.[222,1436,649,1389]" box="[318,662,837,860]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Material deposited: 
<collectionCode id="ED5DDBC0FFD8F7734269FCBCFDEC9B49" box="[531,586,837,860]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/66si-588n" name="Museo de La Plata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MLP</collectionCode>
, 582C.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD8F7734144FC93FD709B94" blockId="9.[222,1436,649,1389]" box="[318,726,874,897]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Reference: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD3EF4FFD8F77341C2FC93FD749B94" author="Sutton" box="[440,722,874,897]" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" refString="Sutton, C. A. &amp; Lunaschi, L. I. (1980) Contribucion al conocimiento de la fauna parasitologica argentina VII. Nuevo digeneo en Chloephaga picta leucoptera Gmelin. Neotropica, 26, 13 - 17." type="journal article" year="1980">Sutton &amp; Lunaschi (1980)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD8F7734174FC69FDD09BB2" blockId="9.[222,1436,649,1389]" box="[270,630,912,935]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD8F7734174FC69FDD09BB2" authority="Dietz, 1909" authorityName="Dietz" authorityYear="1909" box="[270,630,912,935]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Echinostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mendax">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD8F7734174FC69FE559BB2" box="[270,499,912,935]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Echinostoma mendax</emphasis>
Dietz, 1909
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD8F7734144FC4CFD419BD9" blockId="9.[222,1436,649,1389]" box="[318,743,949,972]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Host: 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD8F7734104FC4CFD429BD9" authority="Molina" authorityName="Molina" box="[382,740,949,972]" class="Aves" family="Anatidae" genus="Cygnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anseriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanocorypha">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD8F7734104FC4CFDDD9BD9" box="[382,635,949,972]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cygnus melanocorypha</emphasis>
(Molina)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD8F7734144FC22FD3C9BE7" blockId="9.[222,1436,649,1389]" box="[318,666,987,1010]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Site of infection: small intestine.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD8F7734144FBF9FD889C02" blockId="9.[222,1436,649,1389]" box="[318,558,1024,1047]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Locality: not reported.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD8F7734144FBDFFD309C28" blockId="9.[222,1436,649,1389]" box="[318,662,1062,1085]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Reference: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD3EF4FFD8F77341C2FBDFFD349C28" box="[440,658,1062,1085]" pageId="9" pageNumber="33" refString="Boero, J. J., Led, J. E. &amp; Brandetti, E. (1972 a) Algunos parasitos de la avifauna argentina. Analecta Veterinaria, 4, 17 - 34." type="journal article">
Boero 
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD8F773427AFBDFFD909C28" box="[512,566,1062,1085]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
(1972a)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD8F7734174FBB2FD1C9C77" blockId="9.[222,1436,649,1389]" box="[270,698,1099,1122]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD8F7734174FBB2FD1C9C77" authority="Lutz, 1924" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1924" box="[270,698,1099,1122]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Echinostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="parcespinosum">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD8F7734174FBB2FDE69C77" box="[270,576,1099,1122]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Echinostoma parcespinosum</emphasis>
Lutz, 1924
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD8F7734144FB88FDFC9CB8" blockId="9.[222,1436,649,1389]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Hosts: 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD8F77341F3FB88FCCE9C9D" authority="Boddaert" authorityName="Boddaert" box="[393,872,1137,1160]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Pardirallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="maculatus" subSpecies="maculatus">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD8F77341F3FB88FD4A9C9D" box="[393,748,1137,1160]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pardirallus maculatus maculatus</emphasis>
(Boddaert)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD8F7734309FB88FAFC9C9D" authority="Swainson" authorityName="Swainson" box="[883,1370,1137,1160]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Pardirallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="sanguinolentus" subSpecies="sanguinolentus">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD8F7734309FB88FB739C9D" box="[883,1237,1137,1160]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. sanguinolentus sanguinolentus</emphasis>
(Swainson)
</taxonomicName>
. Site of infection: intestine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD8F7734144FB45FCB09CC6" blockId="9.[222,1436,649,1389]" box="[318,790,1212,1235]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Locality: Los Talas, Buenos Aires Province.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD8F7734144FB18FDDE9D78" blockId="9.[222,1436,649,1389]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Life history: Hi1: 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD8F7734187FB1BFCC09CED" authority="Lamarck" authorityName="Lamarck" box="[509,870,1249,1273]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Pomacea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="canaliculata">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD8F7734187FB1BFD4B9CEC" box="[509,749,1250,1273]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pomacea canaliculata</emphasis>
(Lamarck)
</taxonomicName>
(natural and experimental). Hi2: 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD8F77344B6FB1BFDA99D37" authority="Lamark" authorityName="Lamark" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Pomacea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="canaliculata">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD8F77344B6FB1BFE059D37" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pomacea canaliculata</emphasis>
(Lamark)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD8F7734260FAF2FC009D37" authority="d'Orbigny" authorityName="d'Orbigny" box="[538,934,1291,1314]" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Biomphalaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="peregrina">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD8F7734260FAF2FCBA9D37" box="[538,796,1291,1314]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Biomphalaria peregrina</emphasis>
(d’Orbigny)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD8F77343CAFAF2FAB09D37" authority="Martens" authorityName="Martens" box="[944,1302,1291,1314]" class="Gastropoda" family="Physidae" genus="Stenophysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="marmorata">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD8F77343CAFAF2FB019D37" box="[944,1191,1291,1314]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Stenophysa marmorata</emphasis>
(Martens)
</taxonomicName>
(natural and experimental); metacercariae in mantle cavity or encyst inside the rediae. Reference: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD3EF4FFD8F77341C2FAAFFDD29D78" author="Martorelli" box="[440,628,1366,1389]" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" refString="Martorelli, S. R. (1987) Estudios parasitologicos en biotopos lenticos de la Republica Argentina. IV. El ciclo biologico de Echinostoma parcespinosum Lutz, 1924 (Digenea) parasito de Rallus maculatus maculatus y Rallus sanguinolentus sanguinolentus (Aves: Rallidae). Revista del Museo de La Plata (N. S.), Zoologia, 14, 47 - 56." type="journal article" year="1987">Martorelli (1987)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD8F77340A4FA58FE769DAD" blockId="9.[222,1436,1441,1726]" box="[222,464,1441,1464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD8F77340A4FA58FE769DAD" authority="Dietz, 1909" authorityName="Dietz" authorityYear="1909" box="[222,464,1441,1464]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Himasthla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD8F77340A4FA58FEEB9DAD" box="[222,333,1441,1464]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Himasthla</emphasis>
Dietz, 1909
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C356108EFFD8F7734174FA3EFD7B9E16" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD8F7734174FA3EFD549DC8" blockId="9.[222,1436,1441,1726]" box="[270,754,1478,1502]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD8F7734174FA3EFD549DC8" authority="Diaz &amp; Cremonte, 2004" authorityName="Diaz &amp; Cremonte" authorityYear="2004" box="[270,754,1478,1502]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Himasthla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="escamosa">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD8F7734174FA3EFE4A9DCB" box="[270,492,1479,1502]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Himasthla escamosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD3EF4FFD8F7734188FA3FFD549DC8" author="Diaz" box="[498,754,1478,1501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="33" refString="Diaz, J. I. &amp; Cremonte, F. (2004) Himasthla escamosa n. sp. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) from the kelp gull, Larus dominicanus (Charadriiformes: Laridae), on the Patagonian coast, Argentina. Journal of Parasitology, 90, 308 - 314." type="journal article" year="2004">Díaz &amp; Cremonte, 2004</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD8F7734144FA15FD7B9E16" blockId="9.[222,1436,1441,1726]" box="[318,733,1516,1539]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Host: 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD8F7734104FA15FD7B9E16" ID-CoL="3SBQ5" authority="Lichtenstein." authorityName="Lichtenstein." box="[382,733,1516,1539]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Larus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dominicanus">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD8F7734104FA15FDED9E16" box="[382,587,1516,1539]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Larus dominicanus</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F35B0395FFD8F7734228FA15FD7C9E16" box="[594,730,1516,1539]" name="Liechtenstein" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Lichtenstein</collectingCountry>
.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C356108EFFD8F7704144F9E8FDB29E84" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD8F7734144F9E8FDFC9E3D" blockId="9.[222,1436,1441,1726]" box="[318,602,1553,1576]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Site of infection: intestine.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD8F7734144F9CEFA3A9E5B" blockId="9.[222,1436,1441,1726]" box="[318,1436,1591,1614]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Localities: Orense beach, San Blas, Buenos Aires Province; Puerto Madryn, Fracasso beach and Como­</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD8F7734103F9A5FD439E66" blockId="9.[222,1436,1441,1726]" box="[377,741,1628,1651]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">doro Rivadavia, Chubut Province.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD8F7734144F97BFD6D9EAB" blockId="9.[222,1436,1441,1726]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Material deposited: MLP, 
<typeStatus id="54F7FDA7FFD8F773422EF97BFD119E8C" box="[596,695,1666,1689]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
5233; 
<typeStatus id="54F7FDA7FFD8F773437BF97BFCCE9E8C" box="[769,872,1666,1689]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
5234. Reference: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD3EF4FFD8F77341C2F95EFD619EAB" author="Diaz" box="[440,711,1703,1726]" pageId="9" pageNumber="33" refString="Diaz, J. I. &amp; Cremonte, F. (2004) Himasthla escamosa n. sp. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) from the kelp gull, Larus dominicanus (Charadriiformes: Laridae), on the Patagonian coast, Argentina. Journal of Parasitology, 90, 308 - 314." type="journal article" year="2004">Díaz &amp; Cremonte (2004)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD8F77340A4F90BFD989F1C" blockId="9.[222,833,1778,2027]" box="[222,574,1778,1801]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD8F77340A4F90BFE2B9F1C" authority="Teixeira" authorityName="Teixeira" box="[222,397,1778,1801]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Ignavia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD8F77340A4F90BFE969F1C" box="[222,304,1778,1801]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ignavia</emphasis>
Teixeira
</taxonomicName>
de Freitas, 1948
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD8F7734174F8E1FDE09F6F" blockId="9.[222,833,1778,2027]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD8F7734174F8E1FD889F3A" authority="Ostrowski" authorityName="Ostrowski" box="[270,558,1816,1839]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Ignavia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="olivacei">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD8F7734174F8E1FE1C9F3A" box="[270,442,1816,1839]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ignavia olivacei</emphasis>
Ostrowski
</taxonomicName>
de Núñez, 1967. Host: 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFD8F7734104F8C7FCAE9F41" authority="Gmelin" authorityName="Gmelin" box="[382,776,1853,1877]" class="Aves" family="Phalacrocoracidae" genus="Phalacrocorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasilianus">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD8F7734104F8C7FD3A9F40" box="[382,668,1854,1877]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Phalacrocorax brasilianus</emphasis>
(Gmelin)
</taxonomicName>
. Site of infection: kidney.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD8F7734144F871FCE79FD0" blockId="9.[222,833,1778,2027]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Locality: Obras Sanitarias, Buenos Aires city. References: Ostrowski de Núñez (1967, 1968b).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFD8F77340A4F82DFDA99FFE" blockId="9.[222,833,1778,2027]" box="[222,527,2004,2027]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFD8F77340A4F82DFEFA9FFE" box="[222,348,2004,2027]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Lyperorchis</emphasis>
Travassos, 1921
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDBF7704174FF67FD6698A1" blockId="10.[270,1163,157,368]" box="[270,704,157,181]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFDBF7704174FF67FD8198A0" box="[270,551,158,181]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Lyperorchis inexpectabilis</emphasis>
Digiani, 1997
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDBF7704144FF3AFDE59915" blockId="10.[270,1163,157,368]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Host: 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFDBF7704104FF3AFC8D98CF" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[382,811,195,218]" class="Aves" family="Aramidae" genus="Aramus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="guarauna" subSpecies="guarauna">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFDBF7704104FF3AFD0898CF" box="[382,686,195,218]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Aramus guarauna guarauna</emphasis>
(Linnaeus)
</taxonomicName>
. Site of infection: cloaca.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDBF7704144FEF7FD37995E" blockId="10.[270,1163,157,368]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Localities: Punta Blanca, Magdalena; Guaminí lagoon, Buenos Aires Province. Material deposited: MLP, 3323.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDBF7704144FEA0FDCF9965" blockId="10.[270,1163,157,368]" box="[318,617,345,368]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Reference: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD3EF4FFDBF77041C2FEA0FDC39965" author="Digiani" box="[440,613,345,368]" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" refString="Digiani, M. C. (1997 a) Lyperorchis inexpectabilis n. sp. parasita de Aramus guarauna guarauna (L.) (Aves: Aramidae) y reubicacion del genero Lyperorchis Travassos, 1921 (Digenea: Echinostomatidae). Neotropica, 43, 79 - 83." type="journal article" year="1997" yearSuffix="a">Digiani (1997a)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDBF77040A4FE5DFDA599AE" blockId="10.[222,1249,420,668]" box="[222,515,420,443]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFDBF77040A4FE5DFDA599AE" authority="Dietz, 1909" authorityName="Dietz" authorityYear="1909" box="[222,515,420,443]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Nephrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinostomida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFDBF77040A4FE5DFE2699AE" box="[222,384,420,443]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Nephrostomum</emphasis>
Dietz, 1909
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDBF7704174FE33FD0699F4" blockId="10.[222,1249,420,668]" box="[270,672,458,481]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFDBF7704174FE33FD0699F4" authority="Travassos, 1922" authorityName="Travassos" authorityYear="1922" box="[270,672,458,481]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Nephrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinostomida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="limai">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFDBF7704174FE33FE4B99F4" box="[270,493,458,481]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Nephrostomum limai</emphasis>
Travassos, 1922
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDBF7704144FE16FDD99A13" blockId="10.[222,1249,420,668]" box="[318,639,495,518]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Host: 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFDBF7704104FE16FDD99A13" authority="Linnaeus." authorityName="Linnaeus." box="[382,639,495,518]" class="Aves" family="Ardeidae" genus="Bubulcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pelecaniformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ibis">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFDBF7704104FE16FDA99A13" box="[382,527,495,518]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Bubulcus ibis</emphasis>
Linnaeus.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDBF7704144FDEDFDFC9A3E" blockId="10.[222,1249,420,668]" box="[318,602,532,555]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Site of infection: intestine.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDBF7704144FDC3FD299A89" blockId="10.[222,1249,420,668]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Localities: Pellegrini Lake, Río Negro Province; Punta Blanca, Buenos Aires Province. Material deposited: MLP, 666 C, 3737 D. Reference: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD3EF4FFDBF77041C2FD7CFD2D9A89" box="[440,651,645,668]" pageId="10" pageNumber="36" refString="Sutton, C. A., Lunaschi, L. I. &amp; Topa, P. E. (1982) Fauna helmintologica de las aves del lago Pellegrini I. Trematoda-Echinostomatidae en Podiceps major (Boddaert), Rollandia rolland (Quoy &amp; Gaymard) y Bubulcus ibis (Linne). Limnobios, 2, 336 - 341." type="journal article">
Sutton 
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFDBF770427EFD7CFD9C9A89" box="[516,570,645,668]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
(1982)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDBF77040A4FD29FDB69AF2" blockId="10.[222,863,720,1118]" box="[222,528,720,743]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFDBF77040A4FD29FDB69AF2" authority="Dietz, 1909" authorityName="Dietz" authorityYear="1909" box="[222,528,720,743]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Paryphostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFDBF77040A4FD29FE2B9AF2" box="[222,397,720,743]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Paryphostomum</emphasis>
Dietz, 1909
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDBF7704174FD0FFCF99B19" blockId="10.[222,863,720,1118]" box="[270,863,757,781]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFDBF7704174FD0FFCF99B19" authority="(Dietz, 1909) Skrjabin, 1956" authorityName="(Dietz, 1909) Skrjabin" authorityYear="1956" box="[270,863,757,781]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Paryphostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="fragosum">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFDBF7704174FD0FFD8E9B18" box="[270,552,758,781]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Paryphostomum fragosum</emphasis>
(Dietz, 1909) Skrjabin, 1956
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDBF7704144FCE2FDFC9B4D" blockId="10.[222,863,720,1118]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Host: 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFDBF7704104FCE2FCAE9B27" authority="Gmelin" authorityName="Gmelin" box="[382,776,795,818]" class="Aves" family="Phalacrocoracidae" genus="Phalacrocorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasilianus">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFDBF7704104FCE2FD3A9B27" box="[382,668,795,818]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Phalacrocorax brasilianus</emphasis>
(Gmelin)
</taxonomicName>
. Site of infection: intestine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDBF7704144FC9FFD529BB6" blockId="10.[222,863,720,1118]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Locality: Obras Sanitarias, Buenos Aires city. Reference: Ostrowski de Núñez (1968b).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDBF7704174FC48FD679BDD" blockId="10.[222,863,720,1118]" box="[270,705,945,968]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFDBF7704174FC48FD679BDD" authority="Dietz, 1909" authorityName="Dietz" authorityYear="1909" box="[270,705,945,968]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Paryphostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="segregatum">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFDBF7704174FC48FD989BDD" box="[270,574,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Paryphostomum segregatum</emphasis>
Dietz, 1909
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDBF7704144FC2EFDFC9C06" blockId="10.[222,863,720,1118]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Host: 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFDBF7704104FC2EFCAE9BFB" authority="Gmelin" authorityName="Gmelin" box="[382,776,983,1006]" class="Aves" family="Phalacrocoracidae" genus="Phalacrocorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasilianus">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFDBF7704104FC2EFD3A9BFB" box="[382,668,983,1006]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Phalacrocorax brasilianus</emphasis>
(Gmelin)
</taxonomicName>
. Site of infection: intestine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDBF7704144FBDBFD529C4B" blockId="10.[222,863,720,1118]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Locality: Obras Sanitarias, Buenos Aires city. Reference: Ostrowski de Núñez (1968b).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDBF77040A4FB6BFE609CBC" blockId="10.[222,1231,1170,1606]" box="[222,454,1170,1193]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFDBF77040A4FB6BFE609CBC" authority="Dietz, 1909" authorityName="Dietz" authorityYear="1909" box="[222,454,1170,1193]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Patagifer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFDBF77040A4FB6BFEE59CBC" box="[222,323,1170,1193]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Patagifer</emphasis>
Dietz, 1909
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDBF7704174FB41FD219CE1" blockId="10.[222,1231,1170,1606]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFDBF7704174FB41FED39CE1" authority="(Rudolphi, 1819) Dietz, 1909 Host" authorityName="(Rudolphi, 1819) Dietz, 1909 Host" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Patagifer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bilobus">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFDBF7704174FB41FE619CDA" box="[270,455,1208,1231]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Patagifer bilobus</emphasis>
(Rudolphi, 1819) Dietz, 1909 Host
</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFDBF7704104FB24FD259CE1" authority="Vieillot" authorityName="Vieillot" box="[382,643,1245,1268]" class="Aves" family="Threskiornithidae" genus="Plegadis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pelecaniformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chihi">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFDBF7704104FB24FDB19CE1" box="[382,535,1245,1268]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Plegadis chihi</emphasis>
(Vieillot)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDBF7704144FAFAFD3C9D0F" blockId="10.[222,1231,1170,1606]" box="[318,666,1283,1306]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Site of infection: small intestine.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDBF7704144FAD1FCE99D9F" blockId="10.[222,1231,1170,1606]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Localities: Uribelarrea; Punta Blanca; Guaminí and Ramallo, Buenos Aires Province. Material deposited: MLP, 3700/1, 3734/1, 4305/1. References: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD3EF4FFDBF77041B9FA8AFD399D9F" author="Boero" box="[451,671,1395,1418]" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" refString="Boero, J. J. &amp; Led, J. E. (1971) El parasitismo de la fauna autoctona. V. Los parasitos de las aves argentinas. VI. Los parasitos de los ofidios argentinos. VII Los parasitos de los murcielagos argentinos. Analecta Veterinaria 3, 91 - 103." type="journal article" year="1971">Boero &amp; Led (1971)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD3EF4FFDBF77042D0FA8AFCEA9D9F" author="Digiani" box="[682,844,1395,1418]" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" refString="Digiani, M. C. (2000) Digeneans and cestodes parasitic in the white - faced ibis Plegadis chihi (Aves: Threskiornithidae) from Argentina. Folia Parasitologica, 47, 195 - 204." type="journal article" year="2000">Digiani (2000)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDBF7704174FA60FDCE9DA5" blockId="10.[222,1231,1170,1606]" box="[270,616,1433,1456]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFDBF7704174FA60FDCE9DA5" authority="Dietz, 1909" authorityName="Dietz" authorityYear="1909" box="[270,616,1433,1456]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Patagifer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="consimilis">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFDBF7704174FA60FE439DA5" box="[270,485,1433,1456]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Patagifer consimilis</emphasis>
Dietz, 1909
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDBF7704144FA47FD7B9DC0" blockId="10.[222,1231,1170,1606]" box="[318,733,1470,1493]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Host: 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFDBF7704104FA47FD7F9DC0" authority="Boddaert" authorityName="Boddaert" box="[382,729,1470,1493]" class="Aves" family="Threskiornithidae" genus="Theristicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pelecaniformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudatus">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFDBF7704104FA47FDFD9DC0" box="[382,603,1470,1493]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Theristicus caudatus</emphasis>
(Boddaert)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDBF7704144FA1DFDFC9DEE" blockId="10.[222,1231,1170,1606]" box="[318,602,1508,1531]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Site of infection: intestine.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDBF7704144F9F0FD3F9E53" blockId="10.[222,1231,1170,1606]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Locality: La Plata Zoological Garden, La Plata, Buenos Aires Province. Reference: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD3EF4FFDBF77041C2F9D6FD339E53" author="Boero" box="[440,661,1583,1606]" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" refString="Boero, J. J. &amp; Led, J. E. (1968) El parasitismo de la fauna autoctona. III. Los parasitos de las aves argentinas. Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, 10, 97 - 129." type="journal article" year="1968">Boero &amp; Led (1968)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDBF77040A4F983FDB29E84" blockId="10.[222,1104,1658,2018]" box="[222,532,1658,1681]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFDBF77040A4F983FDB29E84" authority="Odhner, 1902" authorityName="Odhner" authorityYear="1902" box="[222,532,1658,1681]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Stephanoprora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFDBF77040A4F983FEDA9E84" box="[222,380,1658,1681]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Stephanoprora</emphasis>
Odhner, 1902
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C356108EFFDBF7704174F959FCA59F14" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDBF7704174F959FC309EA3" blockId="10.[222,1104,1658,2018]" box="[270,918,1695,1719]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFDBF7704174F959FC309EA3" authority="Sutton, Lunaschi &amp; Topa, 1982" authorityName="Sutton, Lunaschi &amp; Topa" authorityYear="1982" box="[270,918,1695,1719]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Stephanoprora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="argentinensis">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFDBF7704174F959FDE49EA2" box="[270,578,1696,1719]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Stephanoprora argentinensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD3EF4FFDBF7704232F966FC309EA3" author="Sutton" box="[584,918,1695,1718]" pageId="10" pageNumber="36" refString="Sutton, C. A., Lunaschi, L. I. &amp; Topa, P. E. (1982) Fauna helmintologica de las aves del lago Pellegrini I. Trematoda-Echinostomatidae en Podiceps major (Boddaert), Rollandia rolland (Quoy &amp; Gaymard) y Bubulcus ibis (Linne). Limnobios, 2, 336 - 341." type="journal article" year="1982">Sutton, Lunaschi &amp; Topa, 1982</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDBF7704144F93CFCA59F14" blockId="10.[222,1104,1658,2018]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Hosts: 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFDBF77041F3F93CFD0B9EC9" ID-CoL="4KPP2" authority="Boddaert" authorityName="Boddaert" box="[393,685,1733,1756]" class="Aves" family="Podicipedidae" genus="Podiceps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podicipediformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFDBF77041F3F93CFD979EC9" box="[393,561,1733,1756]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Podiceps major</emphasis>
(Boddaert)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFDBF77042C2F93CFBEA9EC9" ID-CoL="6X8J2" authority="Quoy &amp; Gaimard" authorityName="Quoy &amp; Gaimard" box="[696,1100,1733,1756]" class="Aves" family="Podicipedidae" genus="Rollandia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podicipediformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rolland">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFDBF77042C2F93CFCD39EC9" box="[696,885,1733,1756]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rollandia rolland</emphasis>
(Quoy &amp; Gaimard)
</taxonomicName>
. Site of infection: intestine and colic caeca.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C356108EFFDBF7714144F8E9FCEE9965" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDBF7704144F8E9FC949F32" blockId="10.[222,1104,1658,2018]" box="[318,818,1808,1831]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Locality: Pellegrini Lake, Río Negro Province.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDBF7704144F8CCFD299F67" blockId="10.[222,1104,1658,2018]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Material deposited: MLP, 
<typeStatus id="54F7FDA7FFDBF770422EF8CCFD179F59" box="[596,689,1845,1868]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
656 C; 
<typeStatus id="54F7FDA7FFDBF770437DF8CCFCCB9F59" box="[775,877,1845,1868]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
644C, 656 C, 660 C. Reference: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD3EF4FFDBF77041C2F8A2FD2D9F67" box="[440,651,1883,1906]" pageId="10" pageNumber="36" refString="Sutton, C. A., Lunaschi, L. I. &amp; Topa, P. E. (1982) Fauna helmintologica de las aves del lago Pellegrini I. Trematoda-Echinostomatidae en Podiceps major (Boddaert), Rollandia rolland (Quoy &amp; Gaymard) y Bubulcus ibis (Linne). Limnobios, 2, 336 - 341." type="journal article">
Sutton 
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFDBF770427EF8A2FD9C9F67" box="[516,570,1883,1906]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
(1982)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDBF7704174F878FD4E9F82" blockId="10.[222,1104,1658,2018]" box="[270,744,1920,1944]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFDBF7704174F878FD4E9F82" authority="Gupta, 1963" authorityName="Gupta" authorityYear="1963" box="[270,744,1920,1944]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Stephanoprora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="brachyrhynchus">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFDBF7704174F878FDFB9F8D" box="[270,605,1921,1944]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Stephanoprora brachyrhynchus</emphasis>
Gupta, 1963
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDBF7704144F85FFB8C9FF7" blockId="10.[222,1104,1658,2018]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Syn. 
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFDBF770410EF85FFDDA9FA8" box="[372,636,1958,1981]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Beaverostomum b. sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD3EF4FFDBF77042F9F85FFC329FA8" author="Labriola" box="[643,916,1958,1981]" pageId="10" pageNumber="34" refString="Labriola, J. B. &amp; Suriano, D. M. (2001) Community structure of parasitic helminths of birds of the genus Larus from Mar del Plata, Argentina. Vie et Milieu, 51, 67 - 76." type="journal article" year="2001">Labriola &amp; Suriano, 2001</bibRefCitation>
Hosts: 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFDBF77041F3F832FD449FF7" authority="Lichtenstein" authorityName="Lichtenstein" box="[393,738,1995,2018]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Larus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dominicanus">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFDBF77041F3F832FDF39FF7" box="[393,597,1995,2018]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Larus dominicanus</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F35B0395FFDBF7704226F832FD449FF7" box="[604,738,1995,2018]" name="Liechtenstein" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Lichtenstein</collectingCountry>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFDBF7704297F832FB8C9FF7" authority="Lichtenstein." authorityName="Lichtenstein." box="[749,1066,1995,2018]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Larus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculipennis">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFDBF7704297F832FC3E9FF7" box="[749,920,1995,2018]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">L. maculipennis</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F35B0395FFDBF77043E4F832FB809FF7" box="[926,1062,1995,2018]" name="Liechtenstein" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Lichtenstein</collectingCountry>
.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDAF7714144FF64FD3C98A1" blockId="11.[270,1436,157,1010]" box="[318,666,157,180]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Site of infection: small intestine.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDAF7714144FF3AFCD598CF" blockId="11.[270,1436,157,1010]" box="[318,883,195,218]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Localitiy: Mar del Plata city, Buenos Aires Province.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDAF7714144FF10FBF19915" blockId="11.[270,1436,157,1010]" box="[318,1111,233,256]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
References: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD3EF4FFDAF77141B8FF10FD449915" author="Labriola" box="[450,738,233,256]" pageId="11" pageNumber="34" refString="Labriola, J. B. &amp; Suriano, D. M. (2001) Community structure of parasitic helminths of birds of the genus Larus from Mar del Plata, Argentina. Vie et Milieu, 51, 67 - 76." type="journal article" year="2001">Labriola &amp; Suriano (2001)</bibRefCitation>
, Ostrowski de Núñez 
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFDAF77143B7FF10FBA59915" box="[973,1027,233,256]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
(2004).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDAF7714174FEF7FC089930" blockId="11.[270,1436,157,1010]" box="[270,942,270,293]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFDAF7714174FEF7FC089930" authority="Holcman-Spector &amp; Olague, 1989" authorityName="Holcman-Spector &amp; Olague" authorityYear="1989" box="[270,942,270,293]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Stephanoprora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="uruguayense">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFDAF7714174FEF7FD9D9930" box="[270,571,270,293]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Stephanoprora uruguayense</emphasis>
Holcman­Spector &amp; Olague, 1989
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDAF7714144FECDFCEE9965" blockId="11.[270,1436,157,1010]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Syns.: 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFDAF77141FCFECDFC4F995E" authority="Holcman-Spector &amp; Olague, 1989" authorityName="Holcman-Spector &amp; Olague" authorityYear="1989" box="[390,1001,308,331]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Stephanoprora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="dogieli">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFDAF77141FCFECDFDD3995E" box="[390,629,308,331]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Stephanoprora dogieli</emphasis>
Holcman­Spector &amp; Olague, 1989
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFDAF77141FDFEA0FCEE9965" authority="Etchegoin &amp; Martorelli, 1997" authorityName="Etchegoin &amp; Martorelli" authorityYear="1997" box="[391,840,345,368]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Stephanoprora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="podicipei">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFDAF77141FDFEA0FDA39965" box="[391,517,345,368]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. podicipei</emphasis>
Etchegoin &amp; Martorelli, 1997
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C356108EFFDAF77141FDFE86FC5799F4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDAF77141FDFE86FC719980" blockId="11.[270,1436,157,1010]" box="[391,983,382,406]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFDAF77141FDFE86FC759980" authority="Torres, Figueroa &amp; Valdivia, 1983" authorityName="Torres, Figueroa &amp; Valdivia" authorityYear="1983" box="[391,979,382,406]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Stephanoprora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="denticulata">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFDAF77141FDFE86FDFD9983" box="[391,603,383,406]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. denticulata sensu</emphasis>
Torres, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD3EF4FFDAF77142C9FE87FC759980" author="Figueroa" box="[691,979,382,405]" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" refString="Torres, P., Figueroa, L. &amp; Saldivia, A. (1983) Stephanoprora denticulata (Trematoda, Echinostomatidae) en gaviotas del sur de Chile. Boletin chileno de Parasitologia, 38, 33 - 34." type="journal article" year="1983">Figueroa &amp; Valdivia, 1983</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDAF7714144FE5DFC5799F4" blockId="11.[270,1436,157,1010]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Natural hosts: 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFDAF77141A2FE5DFD5A99AE" ID-CoL="4KPP2" authority="Boddaert" authorityName="Boddaert" box="[472,764,420,443]" class="Aves" family="Podicipedidae" genus="Podiceps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podicipediformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFDAF77141A2FE5DFD2699AE" box="[472,640,420,443]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Podiceps major</emphasis>
(Boddaert)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFDAF771437DFE5DFB9299AE" ID-CoL="6ZSD6" authority="Lesson" authorityName="Lesson" box="[775,1076,420,443]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Sterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hirundinacea">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFDAF771437DFE5DFC4699AE" box="[775,992,420,443]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sterna hirundinacea</emphasis>
Lesson
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFDAF7714444FE5DFA3E99AE" ID-CoL="3SBQ5" authority="Lichtenstein" authorityName="Lichtenstein" box="[1086,1432,420,443]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Larus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dominicanus">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFDAF7714444FE5DFAAA99AE" box="[1086,1292,420,443]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Larus dominicanus</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F35B0395FFDAF771456BFE5DFA3E99AE" box="[1297,1432,420,443]" name="Liechtenstein" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Lichtenstein</collectingCountry>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFDAF7714103FE33FD1699F4" ID-CoL="3SBQL" authority="Lichtenstein" authorityName="Lichtenstein" box="[377,688,458,481]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Larus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculipennis">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFDAF7714103FE33FD8599F4" box="[377,547,458,481]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">L. maculipennis</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F35B0395FFDAF7714253FE33FD1699F4" box="[553,688,458,481]" name="Liechtenstein" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Lichtenstein</collectingCountry>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFDAF77142C1FE33FC5799F4" ID-CoL="3SBQ2" authority="Vieillot." authorityName="Vieillot." box="[699,1009,458,481]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Larus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cirrocephalus">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFDAF77142C1FE33FC3599F4" box="[699,915,458,481]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Larus cirrocephalus</emphasis>
Vieillot.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C356108EFFDAF7714144FE16FD7F9BE7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDAF7714144FE16FCF39A13" blockId="11.[270,1436,157,1010]" box="[318,853,495,518]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Experimental hosts: 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFDAF7714263FE16FC839A13" box="[537,805,495,518]" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" genus="Gallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gallus" subSpecies="domesticus">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFDAF7714263FE16FC839A13" box="[537,805,495,518]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Gallus gallus domesticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDAF7714144FDEDFD3C9A3E" blockId="11.[270,1436,157,1010]" box="[318,666,532,555]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Site of infection: small intestine.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDAF7714144FDC3FD319A62" blockId="11.[270,1436,157,1010]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Localities: Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon Orense beach and Mar del Plata city, Buenos Aires Province; Andean Patagonian Lakes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDAF7714144FD7CFB3D9AD3" blockId="11.[270,1436,157,1010]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Life history: Hi1: unknown. Hi2: 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFDAF77142DCFD7CFC469A89" authority="Jenyns" authorityName="Jenyns" box="[678,992,645,668]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Galaxiidae" genus="Galaxias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFDAF77142DCFD7CFCDB9A89" box="[678,893,645,668]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Galaxias maculatus</emphasis>
(Jenyns)
</taxonomicName>
(natural host) from Gutiérrez Lake, Rio Negro Province and Verde Lake, Neuquén Province; metacercariae in gills.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDAF7714144FD2DFC789AFE" blockId="11.[270,1436,157,1010]" box="[318,990,724,747]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Material deposited: MLP, 
<typeStatus id="54F7FDA7FFDAF771422EFD2DFD179AFE" box="[596,689,724,747]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
3902; 
<typeStatus id="54F7FDA7FFDAF7714281FD2DFCF19AFE" box="[763,855,724,747]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
3903; 4584.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDAF7714144FD03FC379B23" blockId="11.[270,1436,157,1010]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
References: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD3EF4FFDAF77141BFFD03FC839B04" author="Etchegoin" box="[453,805,762,785]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" refString="Etchegoin, J. A. &amp; Martorelli, S. R. (1997 b) A new species of the genus Stephanoprora Odhner, 1902 (Digenea, Echinostomatidae) from Argentina. Acta Parasitologica, 42, 74 - 76." type="journal article" year="1997" yearSuffix="b">Etchegoin &amp; Martorelli (1997b)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD3EF4FFDAF7714348FD03FB969B04" box="[818,1072,762,785]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" refString="Cremonte, F., Etchegoin, J. A. &amp; Martorelli, S. R. (1999) Nuevos hospedadores de los digeneos Maritrema bonaerensis (Microphallidae) y Stephanoprora podicipei (Echinostomatidae) en Argentina. Stephanoprora manei Holcman - Spector &amp; Olague, 1986 como un nomen nudum. Neotropica, 45, 105 - 107." type="journal article">
Cremonte 
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFDAF77143DFFD03FC789B04" box="[933,990,762,785]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
(1999)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD3EF4FFDAF7714444FD03FAB39B04" box="[1086,1301,762,785]" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" refString="Torres, P., Figueroa, L. &amp; Saldivia, A. (1983) Stephanoprora denticulata (Trematoda, Echinostomatidae) en gaviotas del sur de Chile. Boletin chileno de Parasitologia, 38, 33 - 34." type="journal article">
Torres 
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFDAF77144F1FD03FB659B04" box="[1163,1219,762,785]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
(1983)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD3EF4FFDAF7714559FD03FDBA9B23" author="Labriola" pageId="11" pageNumber="34" refString="Labriola, J. B. &amp; Suriano, D. M. (2001) Community structure of parasitic helminths of birds of the genus Larus from Mar del Plata, Argentina. Vie et Milieu, 51, 67 - 76." type="journal article" year="2001">Labriola &amp; Suriano (2001)</bibRefCitation>
, Ostrowski de Núñez 
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFDAF771437DFCE6FC9B9B23" box="[775,829,799,822]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
(2004).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDAF7714174FCBCFE779B49" blockId="11.[270,1436,157,1010]" box="[270,465,837,860]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFDAF7714174FCBCFE0A9B49" box="[270,428,837,860]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Stephanoprora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFDAF7714174FCBCFE0A9B49" box="[270,428,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Stephanoprora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDAF7714144FC93FD7B9B94" blockId="11.[270,1436,157,1010]" box="[318,733,874,897]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Host: 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C3886FFDAF7714104FC93FD7B9B94" authority="Lichtenstein." authorityName="Lichtenstein." box="[382,733,874,897]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Larus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dominicanus">
<emphasis id="B9389F17FFDAF7714104FC93FDED9B94" box="[382,587,874,897]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Larus dominicanus</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F35B0395FFDAF7714228FC93FD7C9B94" box="[594,730,874,897]" name="Liechtenstein" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Lichtenstein</collectingCountry>
.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDAF7714144FC69FD279BB2" blockId="11.[270,1436,157,1010]" box="[318,641,912,935]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Site of infection: not reported.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDAF7714144FC4CFAA69BD9" blockId="11.[270,1436,157,1010]" box="[318,1280,949,972]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Localities: San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro Province; Rosario Lake, Chubut Province.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF34305FFDAF7714144FC22FD7F9BE7" blockId="11.[270,1436,157,1010]" box="[318,729,987,1010]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Reference: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD3EF4FFDAF77141C2FC22FD739BE7" author="Kreiter" box="[440,725,987,1010]" pageId="11" pageNumber="34" refString="Kreiter, A. &amp; Semenas, L. (1997) Helmintos parasitos de Larus dominicanus en la Patagonia Argentina. Boletin chileno de parasitologia, 52, 39 - 42." type="journal article" year="1997">Kreiter &amp; Semenas (1997)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>