489 lines
56 KiB
XML
489 lines
56 KiB
XML
<document id="291986EF8C3E85F927E45D3C853D958B" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4175.1.2" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4175.1.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="887d93ae-26dc-4192-87d4-5396e561df0f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="160280" ID-ZooBank="011B74BE-40C0-4606-9354-C637F83C3E43" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1476253530258" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shattuck, Steve & Cover, Stefan" docDate="2016" docId="03E5E90BFF802331FF3C9D9EFDB772FA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4175.1.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4175 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Myrmica incompleta Provancher 1881" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="FFDC9173FF882338FFAB9D09FFC47079" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of some little-understood North American ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="22" masterPageNumber="10" pageNumber="18" updateTime="1698389545208" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="4B037926EC6CDA451B24FF19A09268FB">
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<mods:title id="89232204271010BC08E59E0E659F824A">Taxonomy of some little-understood North American ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="62B5B293F4A1144646A30281A6BBFA9C" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="2E172F91221C3C75EE2A6F5A15E81D82">Shattuck, Steve</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EC9035E25253D7022433B983094801A7">Cover, Stefan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6E1F60C1B8F172F918D22AA0B311FC2B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="08844BF78C9E9DC0AA3B20E45A566BFA">
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<mods:date id="FD27135685BE2FF217C2C32E62312C89">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1C85BF2B797944029E18AED6A07330C5">4175</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="A71764ADD679B546F139F035A080F733" type="GBIF-Dataset">887d93ae-26dc-4192-87d4-5396e561df0f</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E5E90BFF802331FF3C9D9EFDB772FA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6062962" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124997015" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6062962" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E5E90BFF802331FF3C9D9EFDB772FA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E5E90BFF802331FF3C9D9EFDB772FA" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">
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<subSubSection id="C3560B96FF802330FF3C9D9EFD9F70C9" box="[151,603,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF3581DFF802330FF3C9D9EFD9F70C9" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1213]" box="[151,603,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">
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<heading id="D0BBEF71FF802330FF3C9D9EFD9F70C9" bold="true" box="[151,603,151,176]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF802330FF3C9D9EFD9F70C9" ID-CoL="6S4X4" authority="Provancher, 1881" authorityName="Provancher" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,603,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incompleta">
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<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FF3C9D9EFD9F70C9" bold="true" box="[151,603,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">
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<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FF3C9D9EFE4170C9" bold="true" box="[151,389,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">Myrmica incompleta</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD25ECFF802330FE279D9EFD9F70C9" author="Provancher" box="[396,603,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" refString="Provancher, L. (1881) Faune canadienne. (Continue de la page 333.). Naturaliste Canadien (Quebec), 12, 353 - 362." type="journal article" year="1881">Provancher, 1881</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3560B96FF802330FF6C9DB4FBE072B0" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BF3581DFF802330FF6C9DB4FD6B7165" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">
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<materialsCitation id="3B245240FF802330FF6C9DB4FD6B7165" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1316541004" collectorName="Provancher & Museo Civico di Storia Naturale & Genoa" latitude="46.766666" location="Quebec" longLatPrecision="1121" longitude="-71.35" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Quebec" typeStatus="syntype">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF802330FF6C9DB4FD1D70AC" ID-CoL="6S4X4" authority="Provancher, 1881: 359" authorityName="Provancher" authorityPageNumber="359" authorityYear="1881" box="[199,729,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incompleta">
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<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FF6C9DB4FE7D70AC" box="[199,441,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">Myrmica incompleta</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AED7E0CFF802330FE639DB5FD1D70AC" author="Provancher" box="[456,729,188,213]" page="359" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" year="1881">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD25ECFF802330FE639DB5FD5C70AD" author="Provancher" box="[456,664,188,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" refString="Provancher, L. (1881) Faune canadienne. (Continue de la page 333.). Naturaliste Canadien (Quebec), 12, 353 - 362." type="journal article" year="1881">Provancher, 1881</bibRefCitation>
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: 359
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54F7E6BFFF802330FD469DB5FC8D70AD" box="[749,841,188,212]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
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worker, Cap-Rouge [
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],
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(probably, specific details lacking) (
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<collectorName id="26B93DCBFF802330FDC39DD6FD2F7081" box="[616,747,223,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">Provancher</collectorName>
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) (
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<collectorName id="26B93DCBFF802330FCBA9DE9FB047081" box="[785,1216,223,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">Museo Civico di Storia Naturale</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName id="26B93DCBFF802330FB779DE9FAE37081" box="[1244,1319,224,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">Genoa</collectorName>
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) [https:// www.antweb.org/specimen/CASENT0905772].
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF3581DFF802330FF6C9C21FEC171D2" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">
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<materialsCitation id="3B245240FF802330FF6C9C21FEC171D2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1316541014" collectorName="Whymper & Musee d'Histoire Naturelle Geneve & Museo Civico di Storia Naturale & Genoa & New" elevation="1524" location="Ice River Valley" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="British Columbia" typeStatus="syntype">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5C7F33FF802330FF6C9C21FEC171D2" infered="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF802330FF6C9C21FCE17139" authority="Wheeler, 1917: 502" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityPageNumber="502" authorityYear="1917" box="[199,805,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="brevinodis" variety="frigida">
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<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FF6C9C21FE6F7139" box="[199,427,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">Myrmica brevinodis</emphasis>
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||
var.
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||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FE429C2EFDF27139" box="[489,566,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">frigida</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AED7E0CFF802330FD949C2EFCE17139" author="Wheeler" box="[575,805,295,320]" page="502" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" year="1917">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD25ECFF802330FD949C2EFD2E7146" author="Wheeler" box="[575,746,295,320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1917) The mountain ants of western North America. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 52, 457 - 569. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 20025695" type="journal article" year="1917">Wheeler, 1917</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 502
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
<typeStatus id="54F7E6BFFF802330FC989C2EFC4B7146" box="[819,911,295,319]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
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||
workers,
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<location id="8E930EC6FF802330FBAE9C21FB067139" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E5E90BFF802331FF3C9D9EFDB772FA:8E930EC6FF802330FBAE9C21FB067139" box="[1029,1218,295,320]" name="Ice River Valley" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="British Columbia">Ice River Valley</location>
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,
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||
<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF802330FB7B9C2EFA5C7139" box="[1232,1432,295,320]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
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,
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||
<quantity id="4CB4F5F8FF802330FF3C9C43FF20711A" box="[151,228,330,355]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" unit="ft" value="5000.0">
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<elevation id="0061BF2EFF802330FF3C9C43FF20711A" box="[151,228,330,355]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" unit="ft" value="5000.0">5000ft</elevation>
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||
</quantity>
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||
. (
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<collectorName id="26B93DCBFF802330FF569C43FEB5711A" box="[253,369,330,355]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">Whymper</collectorName>
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) (
|
||
<collectorName id="26B93DCBFF802330FE259C42FCF0711A" box="[398,820,330,355]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">Musee d'Histoire Naturelle Genève</collectorName>
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||
;
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||
<collectorName id="26B93DCBFF802330FCED9C42FB16711A" box="[838,1234,330,355]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">Museo Civico di Storia Naturale</collectorName>
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||
,
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||
<collectorName id="26B93DCBFF802330FB4F9C42FAEB711A" box="[1252,1327,331,355]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">Genoa</collectorName>
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||
) [https:// www.antweb.org/specimen/CASENT0904082, https://www.antweb.org/specimen/CASENT0907634].
|
||
<collectorName id="26B93DCBFF802330FACC9C66FA5871FF" box="[1383,1436,367,390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">New</collectorName>
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synonym.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF3581DFF802330FF6C9CBEFEC17227" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5C7F33FF802330FF6C9CBEFEC17227" infered="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">
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<materialsCitation id="3B245240FF802330FF6C9CBEFF2B718B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1316541016" latitude="51.233334" location="Vermillion Pass" longLatPrecision="1091" longitude="-116.05" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="syntype">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF802330FF6C9CBEFD3A71B7" ID-CoL="45CT6" authority="Forel, 1913: 215" authorityName="Forel" authorityPageNumber="215" authorityYear="1913" box="[199,766,437,462]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="brevinodis" subSpecies="whymperi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FF6C9CBEFDED71B7" box="[199,553,437,462]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">Myrmica brevinodis whymperi</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AED7E0CFF802330FD9E9CBCFD3A71B7" author="Forel" box="[565,766,437,462]" page="215" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" year="1913">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD25ECFF802330FD9E9CBCFD0471B7" author="Forel" box="[565,704,437,462]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" refString="Forel, A. (1913) Fourmis d'Argentine, du Bresil, du Guatemala & de Cuba recues de M. M. Bruch, Prof. v. Ihering, Mlle Baez, M. Peper et M. Rovereto. Bulletin de la Societe Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles, 49, 203 - 250." type="journal article" year="1913">Forel, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 215
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F7E6BFFF802330FCA59CBFFCAE71B7" box="[782,874,438,462]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
workers,
|
||
<location id="8E930EC6FF802330FC4E9CBCFB5F71B7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E5E90BFF802331FF3C9D9EFDB772FA:8E930EC6FF802330FC4E9CBCFB5F71B7" box="[997,1179,437,462]" latitude="51.233334" longLatPrecision="1091" longitude="-116.05" name="Vermillion Pass" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Alberta">Vermillion Pass</location>
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[
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<geoCoordinate id="EE783EDAFF802330FB059CBCFACA71B7" box="[1198,1294,437,462]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" precision="925" value="51.233334">51°14′N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE783EDAFF802330FAB09CBCFA5571B7" box="[1307,1425,437,462]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" precision="925" value="-116.05">116°03′W</geoCoordinate>
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],
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||
<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF802330FF3C9CD0FF2B718B" box="[151,239,473,498]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">Alberta</collectingRegion>
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B245240FF802330FEA99CD3FC9B718B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1316541001" box="[258,863,473,498]" latitude="51.4" location="British Columbia" longLatPrecision="1090" longitude="-116.48333" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="British Columbia" typeStatus="syntype">
|
||
near Field [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE783EDAFF802330FE3A9CD0FE35718B" box="[401,497,473,498]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" precision="925" value="51.4">51°24′N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE783EDAFF802330FDAA9CD0FDB3718B" box="[513,631,473,498]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" precision="925" value="-116.48333">116°29′W</geoCoordinate>
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],
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<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF802330FD3A9CD0FC9B718B" box="[657,863,473,498]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
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</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B245240FF802330FCD99CD3FEC17227" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1316541015" collectorName="Whymper & Musee d'Histoire Naturelle Geneve & Museo Civico di Storia Naturale & Genoa & New" latitude="51.433334" location="Lake Louise" longLatPrecision="1090" longitude="-116.183334" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="British Columbia" typeStatus="syntype">
|
||
near
|
||
<location id="8E930EC6FF802330FC199CD0FB8C718B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E5E90BFF802331FF3C9D9EFDB772FA:8E930EC6FF802330FC199CD0FB8C718B" box="[946,1096,473,498]" latitude="51.433334" longLatPrecision="1090" longitude="-116.183334" name="Lake Louise" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="British Columbia">Lake Louise</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF802330FBF79CD0FAE2718B" box="[1116,1318,473,498]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
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[
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<geoCoordinate id="EE783EDAFF802330FA979CD0FA58718B" box="[1340,1436,473,498]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" precision="925" value="51.433334">51°26′N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE783EDAFF802330FF3C9CF4FECD726F" box="[151,265,509,534]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" precision="925" value="-116.183334">116°11′W</geoCoordinate>
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] (
|
||
<collectorName id="26B93DCBFF802330FE899CF4FE52726F" box="[290,406,509,534]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">Whymper</collectorName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<collectorName id="26B93DCBFF802330FE1B9CF7FC8F726F" box="[432,843,509,534]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">Musee d'Histoire Naturelle Genève</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="26B93DCBFF802330FCF09CF7FB1C726F" box="[859,1240,509,534]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">Museo Civico di Storia Naturale</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26B93DCBFF802330FB439CF7FAF7726F" box="[1256,1331,510,534]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">Genoa</collectorName>
|
||
) [https:// www.antweb.org/specimen/CASENT0907635; https://www.antweb.org/specimen/CASENT0904080].
|
||
<collectorName id="26B93DCBFF802330FACC9F2BFA587240" box="[1383,1436,546,569]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">New</collectorName>
|
||
synonym.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3581DFF802330FF6C9F63FBE072B0" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5C7F33FF802330FF6C9F63FBE072B0" infered="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF802330FF6C9F63FCA772F8" authority="Wheeler, 1917: 502" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityPageNumber="502" authorityYear="1917" box="[199,867,616,641]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="brevinodis" variety="sulcinodoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FF6C9F63FE6D72F8" box="[199,425,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">Myrmica brevinodis</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FE4A9F61FDBF72F8" box="[481,635,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">sulcinodoides</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AED7E0CFF802330FD299F61FCA772F8" author="Wheeler" box="[642,867,616,641]" page="502" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" year="1917">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD25ECFF802330FD299F61FCEE72F8" author="Wheeler" box="[642,810,616,641]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1917) The mountain ants of western North America. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 52, 457 - 569. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 20025695" type="journal article" year="1917">Wheeler, 1917</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 502
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Syntype workers, South Dakota, Utah, Maine (no specific localities given) (Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Genoa) [https://www.antweb.org/specimen/ CASENT0904081 from Park City, Utah possible type specimen]. New synonym.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3560B96FF802330FF6C9FDDFCB574C4" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3581DFF802330FF6C9FDDFD5B7457" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B245240FF802330FF6C9FDDFD4D7305" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1316541013" country="Canada" county="northern United States" location="Rocky Mountains" municipality="Great Lakes region" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alaska">
|
||
The taxonomic history of the forms centering on what is presently called
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF802330FC549FDCFAAA7294" authority="Provancher" authorityName="Provancher" box="[1023,1390,724,749]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incompleta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FC549FDCFB2C7294" box="[1023,1256,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">Myrmica incompleta</emphasis>
|
||
Provancher
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a saga calculated to make the wicked laugh and the judicious weep. While contemplating this tangle, keep in mind that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF802330FF679E15FEB6734D" box="[204,370,795,820]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incompleta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FF679E15FEB6734D" box="[204,370,795,820]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">M. incompleta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a common ant in cold climates across
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B188DFF802330FCC99E12FC72734D" box="[866,950,795,820]" name="Canada" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62922091FF802330FB899E12FAED734D" box="[1058,1321,795,820]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">northern United States</collectingCounty>
|
||
, from the Maritime Provinces west to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF802330FE4B9E36FDF57321" box="[480,561,831,856]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">Alaska</collectingRegion>
|
||
, south to New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B188DFF802330FD4E9E36FC867321" box="[741,834,831,856]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B97C267FF802330FC079E36FB487321" box="[940,1164,831,856]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">Great Lakes region</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, and with an enormous southern extension in the
|
||
<location id="8E930EC6FF802330FE169E6AFD4D7305" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E5E90BFF802331FF3C9D9EFDB772FA:8E930EC6FF802330FE169E6AFD4D7305" box="[445,649,867,892]" country="Canada" county="northern United States" municipality="Great Lakes region" name="Rocky Mountains" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Alaska">Rocky Mountains</location>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B245240FF802330FD3D9E6AFCDA7305" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1316540995" box="[662,798,867,892]" country="Canada" location="Washington" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Washington">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF802330FD3D9E6AFCDA7305" box="[662,798,867,892]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">Washington</collectingRegion>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B245240FF802330FC809E6AFD5B7457" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1316541007" country="Canada" location="Oregon" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Oregon">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF802330FC809E6AFC467302" box="[811,898,867,891]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">Oregon</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and the Sierra
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF802330FB9D9E6AFB487305" box="[1078,1164,867,892]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF802330FB199E6AFAE37305" box="[1202,1319,867,892]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Over this vast expanse its ecology and colony structure seem to be pretty consistent. It is an ant of moist, open or semi-open habitats, often forming dense populations at the edges of bogs, fens, and wet depressions in meadows. Colonies can be very large, are usually highly polygynous, and appear at times to form large, unicolonial populations. The workers vary in size more than in most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF802330FD299EFAFD237473" box="[642,743,1011,1034]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FD299EFAFD237473" box="[642,743,1011,1034]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">Myrmica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
both within and between colonies, and show variation in sculpturing, propodeal spine length, and color.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3581DFF802330FF6C9933FCB574C4" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Because the ant is commonly collected, its variability attracted the attention of early ant taxonomists who, following the conventions of their times, named whatever variants they came across. The result was a jumble of taxon names based on small variations in color or sculpture. After much work by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD25ECFF802330FB9A9989FB3774E0" author="Creighton" box="[1073,1267,1152,1177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" refString="Creighton, W. S. (1950) The ants of North America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 104, 1 - 585." type="journal article" year="1950">Creighton (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD25ECFF802330FA819988FEAD74C4" author="Francoeur" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" refString="Francoeur, A. & Beique, R. (1966) Les Formicides (Hymenopteres) de Provancher. Canadian Entomologist, 98, 140 - 145. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 98140 - 2" type="journal article" year="1966">Francoeur and Beique (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the complex is presently arranged as follows:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3560B96FF802330FF3C99E4FD4375A2" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3581DFF802330FF3C99E4FD8F757D" blockId="8.[151,779,1260,1499]" box="[151,587,1260,1285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF802330FF3C99E4FD8F757D" ID-CoL="6S4X4" authority="Provancher, 1881" authorityName="Provancher" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,587,1260,1285]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incompleta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FF3C99E4FE44757C" box="[151,384,1260,1285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">Myrmica incompleta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD25ECFF802330FE2D99E5FD8F757D" author="Provancher" box="[390,587,1260,1285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" refString="Provancher, L. (1881) Faune canadienne. (Continue de la page 333.). Naturaliste Canadien (Quebec), 12, 353 - 362." type="journal article" year="1881">Provancher, 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3581DFF802330FF6C9818FD6E7516" blockId="8.[151,779,1260,1499]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF802330FF769818FD587551" authority="Emery, 1895" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1895" box="[221,668,1295,1321]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="rubra" subSpecies="brevinodis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FF769818FDC17551" box="[221,517,1295,1320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">Myrmica rubra brevinodis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD25ECFF802330FDA79818FD587551" author="Emery" box="[524,668,1295,1321]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" refString="Emery, C. (1895) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der nordamerikanischen Ameisenfauna. (Schluss). Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 8, 257 - 360." type="journal article" year="1895">Emery, 1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF802330FF76983DFD7C7535" authority="Wheeler, 1916" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1916" box="[221,696,1331,1356]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="rubra" subSpecies="canadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FF76983DFDC97535" box="[221,525,1331,1356]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">Myrmica rubra canadensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD25ECFF802330FDBF983AFD7C7535" author="Wheeler" box="[532,696,1331,1356]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1916) Hymenoptera of Connecticut. Formicoidea. In: Britton, W. E. (director), Guide to the Insects of Connecticut. Part 3. The Hymenoptera, or Wasp - like Insects of Connecticut. State Geological and Natural History Survey (State of Connecticut Public Document No. 47) 5. Bulletin 22, pp. 577 - 601." type="journal article" year="1916">Wheeler, 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF802330FF769851FD6E7516" authority="Wheeler, 1917" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1917" box="[221,682,1367,1392]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="rubra" subSpecies="subalpina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FF769851FE3B7509" box="[221,511,1367,1392]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">Myrmica rubra subalpina</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD25ECFF802330FDAD985EFD6E7516" author="Wheeler" box="[518,682,1367,1392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1917) The mountain ants of western North America. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 52, 457 - 569. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 20025695" type="journal article" year="1917">Wheeler, 1917</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3581DFF802330FF3C9875FE3D75EA" blockId="8.[151,779,1260,1499]" box="[151,505,1403,1428]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF802330FF3C9875FE3D75EA" ID-CoL="45CT6" authority="Forel, 1913" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,505,1403,1428]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="whymperi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FF3C9875FEB575ED" box="[151,369,1403,1428]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">Myrmica whymperi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD25ECFF802330FED39872FE3D75EA" author="Forel" box="[376,505,1403,1428]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" refString="Forel, A. (1913) Fourmis d'Argentine, du Bresil, du Guatemala & de Cuba recues de M. M. Bruch, Prof. v. Ihering, Mlle Baez, M. Peper et M. Rovereto. Bulletin de la Societe Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles, 49, 203 - 250." type="journal article" year="1913">Forel, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3581DFF802330FF6C9896FD4375A2" blockId="8.[151,779,1260,1499]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF802330FF769896FCCF75CE" authority="Wheeler, 1917" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1917" box="[221,779,1438,1463]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="brevinodis" subSpecies="sulcinodoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FF769896FDA475CE" box="[221,608,1438,1463]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">Myrmica brevinodis sulcinodoides</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD25ECFF802330FDCC9897FCCF75CE" author="Wheeler" box="[615,779,1438,1463]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1917) The mountain ants of western North America. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 52, 457 - 569. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 20025695" type="journal article" year="1917">Wheeler, 1917</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF802330FF7698CAFD4375A2" authority="Wheeler, 1917" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1917" box="[221,647,1474,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="rubra" subSpecies="frigida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FF7698CAFE1875A2" box="[221,476,1474,1499]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">Myrmica rubra frigida</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD25ECFF802330FE4898CBFD4375A2" author="Wheeler" box="[483,647,1474,1499]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1917) The mountain ants of western North America. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 52, 457 - 569. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 20025695" type="journal article" year="1917">Wheeler, 1917</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3560B96FF802331FF6C9B03FD02726E" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3581DFF802331FF6C9B03FB0A7165" blockId="8.[151,1437,1545,2035]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,644]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Our concern here is with the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF802330FDFB9B02FCB4765B" authority="Forel" authorityName="Forel" box="[592,880,1545,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="whymperi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FDFB9B02FCEF765B" box="[592,811,1545,1570]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">Myrmica whymperi</emphasis>
|
||
Forel
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is still valid. The name was established as a variety of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF802330FE839B26FE02763F" box="[296,454,1581,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevinodis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FE839B26FE02763F" box="[296,454,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">M. brevinodis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD25ECFF802330FE5C9B24FD43763F" author="Forel" box="[503,647,1581,1606]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" refString="Forel, A. (1913) Fourmis d'Argentine, du Bresil, du Guatemala & de Cuba recues de M. M. Bruch, Prof. v. Ihering, Mlle Baez, M. Peper et M. Rovereto. Bulletin de la Societe Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles, 49, 203 - 250." type="journal article" year="1913">Forel (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
but only a few years later
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD25ECFF802330FC629B24FBB9763F" author="Wheeler" box="[969,1149,1581,1606]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1917) The mountain ants of western North America. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 52, 457 - 569. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 20025695" type="journal article" year="1917">Wheeler (1917)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymized it with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF802330FAD69B26FEF57613" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcinodoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FAD69B26FEF57613" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">M. sulcinodoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD25ECFF802330FEE99B58FDC37613" author="Creighton" box="[322,519,1617,1642]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" refString="Creighton, W. S. (1950) The ants of North America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 104, 1 - 585." type="journal article" year="1950">Creighton (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered this complex and found that “… it is necessary to synonymize the varieties
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FEA89B7CFEBB76F7" box="[259,383,1653,1678]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">canadensis</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF802330FE389B7CFE1B76F7" box="[403,479,1653,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frigida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FE389B7CFE1B76F7" box="[403,479,1653,1678]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">frigida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FE5F9B7CFDA676F7" box="[500,610,1653,1678]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">subalpina</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF802330FDDD9B7CFCD476F7" box="[630,784,1653,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcinodoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FDDD9B7CFCD476F7" box="[630,784,1653,1678]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">sulcinodoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF802330FCF89B7CFC0676F7" box="[851,962,1653,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="whymperi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FCF89B7CFC0676F7" box="[851,962,1653,1678]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">whymperi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF802330FBA69B7CFB4676F7" box="[1037,1154,1653,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevinodis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FBA69B7CFB4676F7" box="[1037,1154,1653,1678]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">brevinodis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
…” as the material he examined had shown “…the impossibility of satisfactory separation on either a structural or a distributional basis. In every case the structural distinctions involved consist of exceedingly slight differences in sculpture, pilosity or color.” Thus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF802330FE879BE8FE057680" box="[300,449,1760,1785]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="whymperi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FE879BE8FE057680" box="[300,449,1760,1785]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">M. whymperi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
fell into synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF802330FD489BE8FCBB7680" box="[739,895,1760,1785]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevinodis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FD489BE8FCBB7680" box="[739,895,1760,1785]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">M. brevinodis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Unfortunately, Creighton’s perspicacity in this matter was not emulated by his successors. The next year
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD25ECFF802330FCDE9A0DFBD17764" author="Smith" box="[885,1045,1796,1821]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" refString="Smith, M. R. (1951) Family Formicidae. In: Muesebeck, C. F., Krombein, K. V. & Townes, H. K. (Eds.), Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico. Synoptic catalogue. U. S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Monograph 2, pp. 778 - 875." type="journal article" year="1951">Smith (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, without comment, removed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF802330FAD69A0CFEF57739" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcinodoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FAD69A0CFEF57739" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">M. sulcinodoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from synonymy and placed it as a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF802330FCF89A20FC297739" box="[851,1005,1831,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevinodis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FCF89A20FC297739" box="[851,1005,1831,1856]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">M. brevinodis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. He also transferred
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF802330FB7D9A20FA8C7739" box="[1238,1352,1831,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frigida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FB7D9A20FA8C7739" box="[1238,1352,1831,1856]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">M. frigida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF802330FAD69A20FEC2771D" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="whymperi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FAD69A20FEC2771D" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">M. whymperi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF802330FE569A45FD53771D" box="[509,663,1867,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevinodis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FE569A45FD53771D" box="[509,663,1867,1892]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">M. brevinodis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF802330FCC49A45FB6E771D" box="[879,1194,1867,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="brevinodis" subSpecies="sulcinodoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FCC49A45FB6E771D" box="[879,1194,1867,1892]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">M. brevinodis sulcinodoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD25ECFF802330FB139A45FF2777F1" author="Francoeur" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" refString="Francoeur, A. & Beique, R. (1966) Les Formicides (Hymenopteres) de Provancher. Canadian Entomologist, 98, 140 - 145. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 98140 - 2" type="journal article" year="1966">Francoeur & Beique (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, while examining the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F7E6BFFF802330FE769A79FDC977F1" box="[477,525,1904,1928]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of Provancher, realized that what
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD25ECFF802330FC5F9A66FB7277F1" author="Creighton" box="[1012,1206,1903,1928]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" refString="Creighton, W. S. (1950) The ants of North America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 104, 1 - 585." type="journal article" year="1950">Creighton (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had thought was
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF802330FAD69A79FEC877D5" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevinodis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FAD69A79FEC877D5" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">M. brevinodis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was actually Provancher’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF802330FDF39A9DFD3B77D5" box="[600,767,1939,1964]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incompleta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FDF39A9DFD3B77D5" box="[600,767,1939,1964]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">M. incompleta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As a result
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF802330FC0F9A9DFB8077D5" box="[932,1092,1939,1964]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevinodis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FC0F9A9DFB8077D5" box="[932,1092,1939,1964]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">M. brevinodis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
fell into synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF802330FAD69A9DFED077B6" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incompleta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FAD69A9DFED077B6" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">M. incompleta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF802330FEFA9ABEFE0277B6" box="[337,454,1974,1999]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frigida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FEFA9ABEFE0277B6" box="[337,454,1974,1999]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">M. frigida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF802330FDA89ABEFD5F77B6" box="[515,667,1974,1999]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="whymperi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FDA89ABEFD5F77B6" box="[515,667,1974,1999]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">M. whymperi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
became synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF802330FC089ABEFB2977B6" box="[931,1261,1974,1999]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="incompleta" subSpecies="sulcinodoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FC089ABEFB2977B6" box="[931,1261,1974,1999]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">M. incompleta sulcinodoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rather than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF802330FAD69ABEFE73778A" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="brevinodis" subSpecies="sulcinodoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FAD69ABEFE73778A" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">M. brevinodis sulcinodoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Mackay,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD25ECFF802330FD969AD3FCFE778A" box="[573,826,2010,2035]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" refString="MacKay, W. P., Lowrie, D., Fisher, A., MacKay, E. E. & Barnes, F. (1988) The ants of Los Alamos County, New Mexico (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). In: Trager, J. C. (Ed.), Advances in myrmecology. Brill, E. J., Leiden, pp. 79 - 131." type="book chapter">Lowrie et al. (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
treat
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF802330FC279AD2FB91778A" box="[908,1109,2010,2035]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcinodoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF802330FC279AD2FB91778A" box="[908,1109,2010,2035]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">M. sulcinodoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a full species in their identification key although no discussion is given and no mention was made of how its synonyms should be treated.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF812331FF5A9DB4FE5070AD" box="[241,404,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incompleta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF812331FF5A9DB4FE5070AD" box="[241,404,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">M. incompleta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF812331FE609DB4FD9A70AD" box="[459,606,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="whymperi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF812331FE609DB4FD9A70AD" box="[459,606,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">M. whymperi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF812331FD259DB4FC8970AD" box="[654,845,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcinodoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF812331FD259DB4FC8970AD" box="[654,845,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">M. sulcinodoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are separated based on sculpture and color. Finally,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD25ECFF812331FF3C9DD6FEF17081" author="Bolton" box="[151,309,223,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" refString="Bolton, B. (1995) A new general catalogue of the ants of the world. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass, 504 pp." type="book" year="1995">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF812331FF3C9DD6FF277081" box="[151,227,223,248]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bolton" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">Bolton</collectingRegion>
|
||
(1995)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recognized that while the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF812331FD0A9DD6FCFF7081" box="[673,827,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcinodoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF812331FD0A9DD6FCFF7081" box="[673,827,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">sulcinodoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had been used as the valid name for this taxon, in fact
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF812331FF3C9C0AFEC27165" box="[151,262,259,284]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="whymperi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF812331FF3C9C0AFEC27165" box="[151,262,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">whymperi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was the older name and had priority. Thus we arrived at the arrangement listed above.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3581DFF812331FF6C9C2FFD02726E" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,644]" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">
|
||
After examining numerous specimens from throughout the range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF812331FC5B9C21FB537146" box="[1008,1175,294,319]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incompleta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF812331FC5B9C21FB537146" box="[1008,1175,294,319]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">M. incompleta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F7E6BFFF812331FB5C9C21FA8A7139" box="[1271,1358,296,320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF812331FAD69C21FEC2711A" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="whymperi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF812331FAD69C21FEC2711A" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">M. whymperi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
present in the MCZC, we are certain that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD25ECFF812331FD4E9C43FC63711A" author="Creighton" box="[741,935,330,355]" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" refString="Creighton, W. S. (1950) The ants of North America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 104, 1 - 585." type="journal article" year="1950">Creighton (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was correct. All of the taxa listed above are best regarded as variants of a single geographically widespread species. This includes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF812331FBC79C79FAC571FE" box="[1132,1281,366,391]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="whymperi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF812331FBC79C79FAC571FE" box="[1132,1281,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">M. whymperi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F7E6BFFF812331FAEE9C79FA5871F1" box="[1349,1436,368,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
worker has slightly stronger sculpturing and longer propodeal spines than most examples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF812331FB689C9DFAA371D2" box="[1219,1383,402,427]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incompleta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF812331FB689C9DFAA371D2" box="[1219,1383,402,427]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">M. incompleta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but specimens with similar attributes are occasionally found in populations far from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF812331FBE49CB1FB2771B6" box="[1103,1251,438,463]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="whymperi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF812331FBE49CB1FB2771B6" box="[1103,1251,438,463]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">M. whymperi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F7E6BFFF812331FB479CB1FAD871A9" box="[1260,1308,440,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality. In the absence of additional support for the significance of such differences, there is no reason at present to maintain
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF812331FF3C9F09FEEE726E" box="[151,298,510,535]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="whymperi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF812331FF3C9F09FF6A726E" box="[151,174,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF812331FF179CF7FEEE726E" box="[188,298,510,535]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">whymperi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a distinct species in its own right.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3560B96FF812331FF6C9F2DFDB772FA" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3581DFF812331FF6C9F2DFDB772FA" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,644]" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B245240FF812331FF6C9F2DFDB772FA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1316540994" country="Canada" location="Alaska" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alaska">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF812331FF6C9F2DFE757242" box="[199,433,546,571]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incompleta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF812331FF6C9F2DFE757242" box="[199,433,546,571]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">Myrmica incompleta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B188DFF812331FD7B9F2BFCE07242" box="[720,804,546,571]" name="Canada" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the United States from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF812331FBCE9F2BFB777242" box="[1125,1203,546,571]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">Alaska</collectingRegion>
|
||
and from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF812331FA819F2BFEE57226" isEnumeration="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">California and Arizona</collectingRegion>
|
||
north and east through
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF812331FD859F4FFC017226" box="[558,965,582,607]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">Colorado, South Dakota and Illinois</collectingRegion>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF812331FC419F4FFBF17226" box="[1002,1077,582,607]" country="United States of America" name="Maine" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">Maine</collectingRegion>
|
||
. It is the host for the xenobiotic social parasite
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF812331FE969F65FDA972FD" box="[317,621,619,644]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formicoxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="provancheri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF812331FE969F65FDA972FD" box="[317,621,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">Formicoxenus provancheri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |