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<mods:title>Review of the tribe Smicromyrmini Bischoff, 1920 (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation>Plant Pest Diagnostic Center, California Department of Food &amp; Agriculture, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, CA 95832, USA. Kevin. Williams @ cdfa. ca. gov; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6073 - 1070</mods:affiliation>
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24.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[195,364,752,778]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="128">Smicromyrme</emphasis>
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<emphasis box="[151,291,821,844]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="128">Smicromyrme</emphasis>
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, ♁,
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;
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;
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, ♁,
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; Okayasu 2018: 480,
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, ♁;
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<bibRefCitation author="Williams, K. A. &amp; Lelej, A. S. &amp; Okayasu, J. &amp; Borkent, C. J. &amp; Malee, R. &amp; Thoawan, K. &amp; Thaochan, N." box="[231,478,851,875]" pageId="27" pageNumber="128" pagination="1 - 69" refId="ref30512" refString="Williams, K. A., Lelej, A. S., Okayasu, J., Borkent, C. J., Malee, R., Thoawan, K. &amp; Thaochan, N. (2019) The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa, 4602 (1), 1 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4602.1.1" type="journal article" year="2019">
Williams
<emphasis box="[329,381,851,875]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="128">et al.</emphasis>
2019: 26
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,
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;
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Pagliano
<emphasis box="[616,667,851,875]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="128">et al.</emphasis>
2020: 187
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;
<treatmentCitation author="Okayasu, J." box="[788,961,851,875]" page="8" pageId="27" pageNumber="128" year="2020">
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, ♁,
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Thaochan, N. &amp; Williams, K. A. &amp; Thoawan, K. &amp; Jeenthong, T. &amp; Sittichaya, W." box="[1036,1303,851,875]" pageId="27" pageNumber="128" pagination="151 - 165" refId="ref30138" refString="Thaochan, N., Williams, K. A., Thoawan, K., Jeenthong, T. &amp; Sittichaya, W. (2022) Three new species and one new country record of velvet ants (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae) from Thailand. Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 93, 151 - 165. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / jhr. 93.94727" type="journal article" year="2022">
Thaochan
<emphasis box="[1142,1194,851,875]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="128">et al.</emphasis>
2022: 160
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,
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.
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<subSubSection box="[151,865,921,948]" pageId="27" pageNumber="128" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,865,921,948]" box="[151,865,921,948]" pageId="27" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,306,921,947]" pageId="27" pageNumber="128">
<typeStatus box="[151,210,921,947]" pageId="27" pageNumber="128">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Fabricius, 1787" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[313,665,921,947]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Mutilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
<emphasis box="[313,481,921,947]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="128">Mutilla rufipes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Fabricius, I. C." box="[487,665,921,947]" pageId="27" pageNumber="128" refId="ref25760" refString="Fabricius, I. C. (1787) Mantissa Insectorum sistens eorum Species nuper detecta, adjectis Characteribus Genericis, Differentiis Specificis, Emendationibus, Observationibus. Tom. 1. Christian Gottlob Proft, Hafnia [Copenhagen], 348 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 36471" type="book" year="1787">Fabricius, 1787</bibRefCitation>
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,
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, by monotypy.
</paragraph>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7575334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7575334" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7575334/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="128" startId="27.[152,270,1681,1705]" targetBox="[158,1433,977,1657]" targetPageId="27">
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,1437,1681,1744]" pageId="27" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,346,1681,1705]" pageId="27" pageNumber="128">FIGURES 8285.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="(Magretti, 1884)" baseAuthorityName="Magretti" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[352,707,1681,1706]" class="Insecta" genus="Sulcotilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcata">
<emphasis box="[352,529,1681,1705]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="128">Sulcotilla sulcata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Magretti, P." box="[542,699,1681,1706]" pageId="27" pageNumber="128" pagination="523 - 636" refId="ref27625" refString="Magretti, P. (1884) Risultati di raccolte imenotterologiche nell'Africa Orientale. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Series 2 °, 1 (21), 523 - 636, pl. 1." type="journal article" year="1884">Magretti, 1884</bibRefCitation>
)
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: 82. ♀, dorsal habitus, 83. ♀, lateral habitus, 84. ♁, head, face view, 85. ♁, dorsal habitus. (Photographs by A. Lelej).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="129" pageId="27" pageNumber="128" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,1437,1787,2030]" lastBlockId="28.[151,1437,150,717]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="129" pageId="27" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,314,1787,1813]" pageId="27" pageNumber="128">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. MALE. Head not enlarged; vertex elevated posteriorly; frons and vertex punctate; clypeus flattened or concave; prementum without dome-like tubercle. Mandible narrowed to apex, bidentate or tridentate; subapical inner denticle smaller than apical; ventral margin excised into large subbasal tooth or not excised at most with small subbasal tooth. F1 as long as wide. Mesopleuron without precoxal denticles or tubercles; propodeum without a pair of dorsal median teeth. Wings fully developed. Metasomal segment 2 with lateral felt line on T2 and shorter on S2; S8 without tubercles or carinae; volsella without basal external lobe; gonostylus with small inner protuberance. FEMALE. Minimum distance between eyes more than 1.4 × eye height; distance between posterior angle of eye and posterior margin of head 1.52.0 × eye height; genal carina and hypostomal tooth absent; clypeus with subapical transverse ridge; prementum without dome-like tubercle. Mandible slender. Pronotum without projecting humeral angle; scutellar scale distinct, slightly wider than long. T1 without pale setal spots; T2 with one or three subbasal spots and apical band of pale setae; if T2 with three spots, then lateral ones disposed behind the median one; distance between median spot and apical band of T2 larger than spot diameter; pygidial plate elongate, distinctly carinate laterally, surface usually striated or with smooth apical part.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="28.[151,1437,150,717]" pageId="28" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,519,366,393]" pageId="28" pageNumber="129">Diversity and distribution</emphasis>
. Two hundred seventy-two species are recognized from the Palaearctic (113), Afrotropical (90), and
<collectingRegion box="[399,491,403,429]" country="Oman" name="Shamal ash Sharqiyah" pageId="28" pageNumber="129">Oriental</collectingRegion>
(70)
<collectingRegion box="[548,640,403,429]" country="Iraq" pageId="28" pageNumber="129">Regions</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Bischoff, H. &amp; Monographie der Mutilliden Afrikas" box="[652,814,403,429]" pageId="28" pageNumber="129" refId="ref25275" refString="Bischoff, H. (1920 - 1921) Monographie der Mutilliden Afrikas. Archiv f ¸ r Naturgeschichte, 86 A (1 - 3) &amp; 86 A (4 - 5), 1 - 480 (1920) &amp; 481 - 830 (1921)." type="journal volume" year="1920">Bischoff 1920</bibRefCitation>
1921;
<bibRefCitation author="Lelej, A. S." box="[895,1016,403,429]" pageId="28" pageNumber="129" refId="ref26931" refString="Lelej, A. S. (2002) Catalogue of the Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) of the Palaearctic Region. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, 172 pp." type="book" year="2002">Lelej 2002</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Lelej, A. S." box="[1026,1085,402,429]" pageId="28" pageNumber="129" refId="ref26959" refString="Lelej, A. S. (2005) Catalogue of the Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) of the Oriental Region. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, 252 pp." type="book" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Pagliano, G. &amp; Brothers, D. J. &amp; Cambra, R. &amp; Lelej, A. S. &amp; Lo Cascio, P. &amp; Matteini Palmerini, M. &amp; Scaramozzino, P. L. &amp; Williams, K. A. &amp; Romano, M." box="[1095,1317,403,429]" pageId="28" pageNumber="129" pagination="5 - 425" refId="ref28648" refString="Pagliano, G., Brothers, D. J., Cambra, R., Lelej, A. S., Lo Cascio, P., Matteini Palmerini, M., Scaramozzino, P. L., Williams, K. A. &amp; Romano, M. (2020 [&quot; 2018 &quot;]) Checklist of names in Mutillidae (Hymenoptera), with illustrations of selected species. Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torin o, 36 (1 - 2), 5 - 425." type="journal article" year="2020">
Pagliano
<emphasis box="[1198,1252,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="129">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Thaochan, N. &amp; Williams, K. A. &amp; Thoawan, K. &amp; Jeenthong, T. &amp; Sittichaya, W." pageId="28" pageNumber="129" pagination="151 - 165" refId="ref30138" refString="Thaochan, N., Williams, K. A., Thoawan, K., Jeenthong, T. &amp; Sittichaya, W. (2022) Three new species and one new country record of velvet ants (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae) from Thailand. Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 93, 151 - 165. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / jhr. 93.94727" type="journal article" year="2022">
Thaochan
<emphasis box="[151,207,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="129">et al.</emphasis>
2022
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).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="129" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="28.[151,1437,150,717]" pageId="28" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,308,475,501]" pageId="28" pageNumber="129">Remarks</emphasis>
. Five subgenera are in use for the Palaearctic species: nominotypical (10 species),
<taxonomicName authority="Schwartz, 1984" authorityName="Schwartz" authorityYear="1984" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Smicromyrme" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Astomyrme">
<emphasis box="[1310,1436,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="129">Astomyrme</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Schwartz, F." box="[151,328,511,537]" pageId="28" pageNumber="129" pagination="21 - 25" refId="ref29541" refString="Schwartz, F. (1984) Description d'un genre nouveau, disjoint de Smicromyrme, et d'une espece nouvelle du sud de la France (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae). L'Entomologiste, 40, 21 - 25." type="journal article" year="1984">Schwartz, 1984</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(16),
<taxonomicName authority="Lelej, 1985" authorityName="Lelej" authorityYear="1985" box="[401,660,510,537]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Eremotilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[401,520,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="129">Eremotilla</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Lelej, A. S." box="[529,660,510,537]" pageId="28" pageNumber="129" refId="ref26618" refString="Lelej, A. S. (1985) Osy-nemki (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae) Fauny SSSR i Sopredelnykh Stran [The Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae) of the USSR and Neighbouring Countries]. Nauka, Leningrad, 268 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1985">Lelej, 1985</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(24),
<taxonomicName authority="Lelej, 1985" authorityName="Lelej" authorityYear="1985" box="[732,984,510,537]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Smicromyrme" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Erimyrme">
<emphasis box="[732,844,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="129">Erimyrme</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Lelej, A. S." box="[854,984,510,537]" pageId="28" pageNumber="129" refId="ref26618" refString="Lelej, A. S. (1985) Osy-nemki (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae) Fauny SSSR i Sopredelnykh Stran [The Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae) of the USSR and Neighbouring Countries]. Nauka, Leningrad, 268 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1985">Lelej, 1985</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(13), and
<taxonomicName authority="Nagy, 1966" authorityName="Nagy" authorityYear="1966" box="[1107,1387,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Smicromyrme" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Rhombotilla">
<emphasis box="[1107,1245,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="129">Rhombotilla</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Nagy, C. G." box="[1255,1387,511,537]" pageId="28" pageNumber="129" pagination="113 - 117" refId="ref27878" refString="Nagy, C. G. (1966) Ein neues Mutilliden-Subgenus aus Rumanien (Hymenoptera). Reichenbachia, 6 (13 - 34), 113 - 117." type="journal article" year="1966">Nagy, 1966</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(1), but 206 species are still retained in
<emphasis box="[553,871,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="129">
<taxonomicName authority="Lelej &amp; Williams, 2023" authorityName="Lelej &amp; Williams" authorityYear="2023" box="[553,707,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Smicromyrme" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="incertae sedis">Smicromyrme</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[716,871,547,573]" pageId="28" pageNumber="129">incertae sedis</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Pagliano, G. &amp; Brothers, D. J. &amp; Cambra, R. &amp; Lelej, A. S. &amp; Lo Cascio, P. &amp; Matteini Palmerini, M. &amp; Scaramozzino, P. L. &amp; Williams, K. A. &amp; Romano, M." box="[887,1120,547,573]" pageId="28" pageNumber="129" pagination="5 - 425" refId="ref28648" refString="Pagliano, G., Brothers, D. J., Cambra, R., Lelej, A. S., Lo Cascio, P., Matteini Palmerini, M., Scaramozzino, P. L., Williams, K. A. &amp; Romano, M. (2020 [&quot; 2018 &quot;]) Checklist of names in Mutillidae (Hymenoptera), with illustrations of selected species. Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torin o, 36 (1 - 2), 5 - 425." type="journal article" year="2020">
Pagliano
<emphasis box="[995,1052,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="129">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
). In the Afrotropical region, and to a lesser extent the
<collectingRegion box="[437,610,583,609]" country="Oman" name="Shamal ash Sharqiyah" pageId="28" pageNumber="129">Oriental region</collectingRegion>
, this is a placeholder for species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bischoff" authorityYear="1920" box="[1013,1190,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Smicromyrmini">Smicromyrmini</taxonomicName>
that do not fit readily into newer genus concepts. Even in the Palaearctic region, nearly half of the
<taxonomicName box="[1015,1257,619,645]" pageId="28" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis box="[1015,1169,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="129">Smicromyrme</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
fit this
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="129">incertae sedis</emphasis>
status, in that they are not placed into one of the subgenera below, but they are real members of the genus
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lelej &amp; Williams" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,305,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Smicromyrme" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[151,305,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="129">Smicromyrme</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>