683 lines
85 KiB
XML
683 lines
85 KiB
XML
<document id="390424119B382C5FDA2F2BE59A5FA467" ID-CLB-Dataset="26969" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4590.1.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4f3f1965-6d8b-4382-8657-50b1d38e1f2e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2651596" ID-ZooBank="C0A13DAA-8DC9-4AF1-8EA5-916D0C0BE668" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1556226210949" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Skelley, Paul E. & Segalla, Rosane" docDate="2019" docId="03CA87E5FFE8FFC1FF02FFACFB63FD62" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4590.1.9.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4590 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pharaxonotha cerradensis Skelley & Segalla 2019, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="189" masterDocId="FFF3FF9DFFE9FFC4FF95FD7BFF88FFFE" masterDocTitle="A new species of Pharaxonotha Reitter (Coleoptera: Erotylidae) from central South America" masterLastPageNumber="190" masterPageNumber="184" pageNumber="185" updateTime="1698723898978" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="2A1A4DF9C8DD54CA83898BD884144AFD">A new species of Pharaxonotha Reitter (Coleoptera: Erotylidae) from central South America</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="28848594BCBA56A8CFF4365962136FD7">Skelley, Paul E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9DD3B28039E6E11478B88139F94C0CA6">Segalla, Rosane</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="0C79B67A9D8E2FDD002D7D028FDABB24">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="7A81654A699F4B4EB21315E6EC0CE70C">
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<mods:date id="2D32A3BE207EA1FD5D02BB0A801AEBD0">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C5FAE8B8695EDE805A2ECC928875FA63">2019-04-24</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="539D75210B9CD638F2D41D492B962A65">4590</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="C3796578FFE8FFC5FF02FFACFCE5FD0C" box="[151,877,727,754]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDC36F3FFE8FFC5FF02FFACFCE5FD0C" blockId="1.[151,877,727,787]" box="[151,877,727,754]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">
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<heading id="D094819FFFE8FFC5FF02FFACFCE5FD0C" bold="true" box="[151,877,727,754]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFE8FFC5FF02FFACFCE5FD0C" bold="true" box="[151,877,727,754]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">
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<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFE8FFC5FF02FFACFD59FD0C" authority="Skelley and Segalla" authorityName="Skelley & Segalla" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,721,727,754]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cerradensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFE8FFC5FF02FFACFE5EFD0F" bold="true" box="[151,470,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">Pharaxonotha cerradensis</emphasis>
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Skelley and Segalla
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A224579AFFE8FFC5FD4BFFA3FCE5FD0C" box="[734,877,728,754]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3796578FFE8FFC5FF02FF81FEDCFCED" box="[151,340,762,787]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDC36F3FFE8FFC5FF02FF81FEDCFCED" blockId="1.[151,877,727,787]" box="[151,340,762,787]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">
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<figureCitation id="13582A76FFE8FFC5FF02FF81FEA3FCED" box="[151,299,762,787]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1–6" captionStart-1="FIGURES 7–10" captionStartId-0="2.[151,264,1866,1889]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,264,1036,1059]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1436,697,1845]" captionTargetBox-1="[150,1436,193,1016]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[150,1436,697,1845]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[150,1436,193,1016]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURES 1–6. Pharaxonotha cerradensis new species, paratype [BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz, Portrerillos del Guenda, 40 km. NW Santa Cruz de la Sierra, 17 ° 40.26’S, 63 ° 27.44’W]: 1) dorsal habitus; 2) ventral habitus; 3) lateral habitus; 4) head and prothorax, ventral view. Antenna: 5) P. cerradensis; 6) Pharaxonotha sp. (nr. P. confusa Pakaluk) [Costa Rica: Osa Peninsula, ex Zamia fairchildiana]. Figures 5–6 to same scale." captionText-1="FIGURES 7–10. Pharaxonotha cerradensis new species, genitalia, paratypes [BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz, Portrerillos del Guenda, 40 km. NW Santa Cruz de la Sierra, 17 ° 40.26’S -063 ° 27.44’W]. 7–8) Male tegmen and penis, dorsal and lateral view. 9) Male spiculum gastrale. 10) Female genitalia, inset spermatheca. All images to the same scale." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2651598/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2651600/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">Figures 1–10</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13582A76FFE8FFC5FEADFF80FEDCFCED" box="[312,340,763,787]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–12" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1775,1798]" captionTargetBox="[167,1408,1147,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[167,1408,1145,1746]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 11–12. Zamia boliviana plants. 11) Female plant with seeds in development. 12) Male plant, a) fresh strobili, b) same, close-up showing P. cerradensis new species on host." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2651602/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">12</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3796578FFE8FFC5FF02FE39FB60FBF0" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BDC36F3FFE8FFC5FF02FE39FB60FBF0" blockId="1.[151,1437,834,2011]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">
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<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFE8FFC5FF02FE39FE99FCA5" bold="true" box="[151,273,834,859]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFE8FFC5FE89FE38FDC3FCA5" authorityName="Skelley & Segalla" authorityYear="2019" box="[284,587,835,859]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cerradensis">
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<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFE8FFC5FE89FE38FDC3FCA5" box="[284,587,835,859]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">Pharaxonotha cerradensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from other members of the genus by the pronotal anterior angles being rounded, antennomeres VII and VIII each with width = length, pronotal and elytral setae short and not reaching next puncture, protibia narrowly triangular with a distinct apical lateral tooth, and pronotal disc with distinct sulcus at base on each side.
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<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFE8FFC5FDFDFED5FC1BFC38" authorityName="Skelley & Segalla" authorityYear="2019" box="[616,915,942,966]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cerradensis">
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<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFE8FFC5FDFDFED5FC1BFC38" box="[616,915,942,966]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">Pharaxonotha cerradensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is readily distinguished from all other species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFE8FFC5FF2DFEA8FED0FC15" box="[184,344,979,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFE8FFC5FF2DFEA8FED0FC15" box="[184,344,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">Pharaxonotha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by its enlarged antennomere XI, 1.6× longer than antennomere X. In addition, this is the only member of the genus known to occur in central South America on the host cycad
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<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFE8FFC5FBBDFE8CFB69FBF0" box="[1064,1249,1014,1038]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boliviana">
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<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFE8FFC5FBBDFE8CFB69FBF0" box="[1064,1249,1014,1038]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">Zamia boliviana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3796578FFE8FFC7FF52F961FC48F9FD" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDC36F3FFE8FFC5FF52F961FDB3FB3C" blockId="1.[151,1437,834,2011]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">
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<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFE8FFC5FF52F961FED1FBCD" bold="true" box="[199,345,1050,1075]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">Description.</emphasis>
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Length
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<quantity id="4C9B9B16FFE8FFC5FE2DF961FDD6FBCC" box="[440,606,1050,1075]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.02" metricValueMax="3.44" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" unit="mm" value="3.02" valueMax="3.44" valueMin="2.6">2.60–3.44 mm</quantity>
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, width
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<quantity id="4C9B9B16FFE8FFC5FD26F960FCD0FBCC" box="[691,856,1051,1075]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.105" metricValueMax="1.28" metricValueMin="0.93" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" unit="mm" value="1.105" valueMax="1.28" valueMin="0.93">0.93–1.28 mm</quantity>
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(n = 20). Body in dorsal view elongate-oval (
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<figureCitation id="13582A76FFE8FFC5FAF1F961FF4BFBA9" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1866,1889]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,697,1845]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[150,1436,697,1845]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Pharaxonotha cerradensis new species, paratype [BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz, Portrerillos del Guenda, 40 km. NW Santa Cruz de la Sierra, 17 ° 40.26’S, 63 ° 27.44’W]: 1) dorsal habitus; 2) ventral habitus; 3) lateral habitus; 4) head and prothorax, ventral view. Antenna: 5) P. cerradensis; 6) Pharaxonotha sp. (nr. P. confusa Pakaluk) [Costa Rica: Osa Peninsula, ex Zamia fairchildiana]. Figures 5–6 to same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2651598/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
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), greatest width at middle of elytra; in lateral view convex dorsally (
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<figureCitation id="13582A76FFE8FFC5FC28F945FB89FBA9" box="[957,1025,1086,1111]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1866,1889]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,697,1845]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[150,1436,697,1845]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Pharaxonotha cerradensis new species, paratype [BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz, Portrerillos del Guenda, 40 km. NW Santa Cruz de la Sierra, 17 ° 40.26’S, 63 ° 27.44’W]: 1) dorsal habitus; 2) ventral habitus; 3) lateral habitus; 4) head and prothorax, ventral view. Antenna: 5) P. cerradensis; 6) Pharaxonotha sp. (nr. P. confusa Pakaluk) [Costa Rica: Osa Peninsula, ex Zamia fairchildiana]. Figures 5–6 to same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2651598/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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). General body color entirely orange brown; dorsal surface punctate, shining and appearing glabrous, short procumbent hairs associated with punctation on pronotum and elytra, ventrally shining and appearing glabrous except mesoventrite and abdomen mostly covered with short procumbent setae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDC36F3FFE8FFC5FF52F9B5FD88F98D" blockId="1.[151,1437,834,2011]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">
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<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFE8FFC5FF52F9B5FE8FFB19" bold="true" box="[199,263,1230,1255]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">Head</emphasis>
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not broad, width = 0.67–0.74× pronotal width; in dorsal view conical, gradually narrowed anteriorly, surface flat to slightly convex, finely, moderately punctured, average distance between closest punctures 2–3× width of puncture; head width
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<quantity id="4C9B9B16FFE8FFC5FD85F86DFD34FAD0" box="[528,700,1302,1327]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.15" metricValueMax="6.7" metricValueMin="5.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" unit="mm" value="0.615" valueMax="0.67" valueMin="0.56">0.56–0.67 mm</quantity>
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; dorsal interocular distance 0.3 7–
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<quantity id="4C9B9B16FFE8FFC5FBDBF86CFB33FAD0" box="[1102,1211,1303,1327]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.40 mm</quantity>
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, head width/dorsal interocular distance ratio 1.51–1.68, ventral interocular distance
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<quantity id="4C9B9B16FFE8FFC5FC1DF840FBBAFAAC" box="[904,1074,1339,1363]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" unit="mm" value="0.265" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.23">0.23–0.30 mm</quantity>
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, head width/ventral interocular distance ratio 2.23–2.43. Eye with large black facets, about 3× diameter of head punctures. Antennal length slightly shorter than pronotal width, 1.5× head width; antennomere I (scape) fairly large, slightly elongate; antennomere II slightly shorter than III; IV–VIII small, width equals length; club fairly large, IX and X similar in length; XI enlarged, 1.6× longer than X, globular with rounded apex (
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<figureCitation id="13582A76FFE8FFC5FCB8F8B1FCF9FA1D" box="[813,881,1482,1507]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1866,1889]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,697,1845]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[150,1436,697,1845]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Pharaxonotha cerradensis new species, paratype [BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz, Portrerillos del Guenda, 40 km. NW Santa Cruz de la Sierra, 17 ° 40.26’S, 63 ° 27.44’W]: 1) dorsal habitus; 2) ventral habitus; 3) lateral habitus; 4) head and prothorax, ventral view. Antenna: 5) P. cerradensis; 6) Pharaxonotha sp. (nr. P. confusa Pakaluk) [Costa Rica: Osa Peninsula, ex Zamia fairchildiana]. Figures 5–6 to same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2651598/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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). Clypeus weakly concave anteriorly, moderately punctate. Mentum (
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<figureCitation id="13582A76FFE8FFC5FEE8F895FE4EF9F9" box="[381,454,1518,1543]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1866,1889]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,697,1845]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[150,1436,697,1845]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Pharaxonotha cerradensis new species, paratype [BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz, Portrerillos del Guenda, 40 km. NW Santa Cruz de la Sierra, 17 ° 40.26’S, 63 ° 27.44’W]: 1) dorsal habitus; 2) ventral habitus; 3) lateral habitus; 4) head and prothorax, ventral view. Antenna: 5) P. cerradensis; 6) Pharaxonotha sp. (nr. P. confusa Pakaluk) [Costa Rica: Osa Peninsula, ex Zamia fairchildiana]. Figures 5–6 to same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2651598/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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) finely punctate, submentum more coarsely punctured, 2–3× diameter of those on mentum, distance between nearest punctures approximately 1× own diameter, each puncture with a short seta. Gular area smooth, without punctation or setae, border with submentum marked by change in punctuation and with a shallow transverse depression.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDC36F3FFE8FFC6FF52FB05FDD6FD7B" blockId="1.[151,1437,834,2011]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,645]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="186" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">
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<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFE8FFC5FF52FB05FEA8F969" bold="true" box="[199,288,1662,1687]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
with pronotum transversely quadrate in dorsal view, length/width ratio 0.72–0.74; with distinct marginal beads laterally and basally, anteriorly with fine marginal bead medially; convex; anterior angles broadly rounded, not projecting forward; posterior angles weakly developed, with small denticle at angle; in dorsal view lateral carina parallel-sided or evenly shallowly arcuate for entire length, carina in lateral view of similar narrow thickness for entire length; posterior margin slightly projecting medially, projection beginning approximately by pair of small, dark pores in margin located ¼ width from posterior angles, each pore marks base of a distinct sulcus extending anteriorly onto disc ¼ length of pronotum. Prosternum in ventral view convex, with few scattered punctures; anterior margin slightly emarginate, finely denticulate with row of long, anteriorly directed setae, longest setae approximately 1/3 length of eye; prosternal process expanded apically, truncate and convex at apex. Hypomeron laterally with few minute punctures, medially lacking distinct longitudinal striations. Scutellar shield distinctly transverse, posterior margin weakly roundly pentagonal. Elytra in dorsal view elongate-oval, convex; length/width ratio1.64–1.77, greatest width near midlength; with distinct marginal line basally; 10 complete striae of moderate puncture size; scutellary striole extending ¼ elytral length, with 10–15 punctures; punctures of elytral striae as large as pronotal punctures, weakly impressed; intervals of striae with fine, shallow punctures, 1.2× size of strial punctures; all punctures of elytra bearing a single short seta; seta only visible in profile, extending slightly out of puncture. Mesoventrite with strong punctation, distance between nearest punctures approximately equal to diameter of punctures, puncture depth moderate. Metaventrite glossy, with strong lateral punctation separated by 2–3× own diameter; medial surface finely punctured, separated by 5–6× own diameter; entire surface convex, metathoracic discrimen extending approximately 3/4 metaventrite length. Legs narrow, relatively similar in length and shape. Procoxa oval; mesocoxa globular; metacoxa transversely elongate-oval; trochanters obliquely truncate apically; femora robust, moderately compressed laterally; tibiae shorter than femora, gradually dilated to obliquely truncate apices; protibia with apical lateral tooth distinct, with apical fringe of short spinules of concave ventral apical margin usually lacking near lateral tooth; meso- and metatibia with apical fringe of short spinules on anterior margin, finer setae on posterior margins.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1C667BFFEBFFC6FF02FA31FDB4F841" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2651598/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" startId="2.[151,264,1866,1889]" targetBox="[150,1436,697,1845]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36F3FFEBFFC6FF02FA31FDB4F841" blockId="2.[151,1436,1866,1983]" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEBFFC6FF02FA31FEB1F8A1" bold="true" box="[151,313,1866,1889]" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">FIGURES 1–6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFEBFFC6FEAAFA31FDC4F89E" authority="Skelley & Segalla, 2019" authorityName="Skelley & Segalla" authorityYear="2019" box="[319,588,1866,1888]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cerradensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEBFFC6FEAAFA31FDC4F89E" box="[319,588,1866,1888]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Pharaxonotha cerradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEBFFC6FDC7FA30FD46F89E" bold="true" box="[594,718,1866,1888]" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A224579AFFEBFFC6FDC7FA30FD46F89E" box="[594,718,1866,1888]" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, paratype [BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz, Portrerillos del Guenda, 40 km. NW Santa Cruz de la Sierra, 17
|
||
<superScript id="7C169BBBFFEBFFC6FE36FA12FE20F88B" attach="none" box="[419,424,1897,1909]" fontSize="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">°</superScript>
|
||
40.26’S, 63
|
||
<superScript id="7C169BBBFFEBFFC6FD88FA12FDAAF88B" attach="none" box="[541,546,1897,1909]" fontSize="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">°</superScript>
|
||
27.44’W]: 1) dorsal habitus; 2) ventral habitus; 3) lateral habitus; 4) head and prothorax, ventral view. Antenna: 5)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFEBFFC6FE36FAF0FDBBF85E" authorityName="Skelley & Segalla" authorityYear="2019" box="[419,563,1930,1952]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cerradensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEBFFC6FE36FAF0FE27F85E" box="[419,431,1931,1952]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEBFFC6FE28FAF1FDBBF85E" box="[445,563,1930,1952]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">cerradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 6)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFEBFFC6FDCBFAF1FD67F85E" box="[606,751,1930,1952]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEBFFC6FDCBFAF1FD67F85E" box="[606,751,1930,1952]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Pharaxonotha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (nr.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFEBFFC6FCD1FAF0FB80F85E" authority="Pakaluk" authorityName="Pakaluk" box="[836,1032,1930,1952]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEBFFC6FCD1FAF0FCD8F85E" box="[836,848,1931,1952]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEBFFC6FCCAFAF1FC26F85E" box="[863,942,1930,1952]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">confusa</emphasis>
|
||
Pakaluk
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) [Costa Rica: Osa Peninsula, ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFEBFFC6FACEFAF0FE92F841" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fairchildiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEBFFC6FACEFAF0FE92F841" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Zamia fairchildiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]. Figures 5–6 to same scale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF1C667BFFEAFFC7FF02F977FB93FB9D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2651600/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" startId="3.[151,264,1036,1059]" targetBox="[150,1436,193,1016]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36F3FFEAFFC7FF02F977FB93FB9D" blockId="3.[151,1436,1036,1123]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEAFFC7FF02F977FECEFBDC" bold="true" box="[151,326,1036,1059]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">FIGURES 7–10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFEAFFC7FED9F976FDD1FBDD" authority="Skelley & Segalla, 2019" authorityName="Skelley & Segalla" authorityYear="2019" box="[332,601,1037,1059]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cerradensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEAFFC7FED9F976FDD1FBDD" box="[332,601,1037,1059]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Pharaxonotha cerradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEAFFC7FDCAF975FD52FBDD" bold="true" box="[607,730,1037,1059]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A224579AFFEAFFC7FDCAF975FD52FBDD" box="[607,730,1037,1059]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, genitalia, paratypes [BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz, Portrerillos del Guenda, 40 km. NW Santa Cruz de la Sierra, 17
|
||
<superScript id="7C169BBBFFEAFFC7FDBCF950FDA6FBC9" attach="right" box="[553,558,1067,1079]" fontSize="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">°</superScript>
|
||
40.26’S -063
|
||
<superScript id="7C169BBBFFEAFFC7FD26F950FD30FBC9" attach="none" box="[691,696,1067,1079]" fontSize="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">°</superScript>
|
||
27.44’W]. 7–8) Male tegmen and penis, dorsal and lateral view. 9) Male spiculum gastrale. 10) Female genitalia, inset spermatheca. All images to the same scale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36F3FFEAFFC7FF52F9F1FB24FA43" blockId="3.[151,1437,1162,2032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEAFFC7FF52F9F1FECBFB5D" bold="true" box="[199,323,1162,1187]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventrite I with intercoxal process narrow, with triangular point anteromedially; lateral edges slightly projected, lateral and posterior margins arcuate, converging posteriorly; anterior and posterior margins of ventrites more or less straight; ventrite I longer medially than II; II–IV subequal in length; V slightly longer than IV with lateral margins converging posteriorly to a rounded apex; apical margin bearing short, sparse setae; all ventrites bearing moderate, shallow punctation across surface, distance to nearest puncture approximately 2× diameter of puncture, punctures bearing mostly reclining setae; ventrite V with setae length nearly uniformly approximately 2× diameter of puncture; I–IV each with 2 or more median pairs of longer, semi-erect sensory hairs (difficult to see in poor lighting, often abraded). Male genitalia similar to all others in the genus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A76FFEAFFC7FB7DF8FAFADDFA67" box="[1256,1365,1409,1434]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1036,1059]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1016]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[150,1436,193,1016]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 7–10. Pharaxonotha cerradensis new species, genitalia, paratypes [BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz, Portrerillos del Guenda, 40 km. NW Santa Cruz de la Sierra, 17 ° 40.26’S -063 ° 27.44’W]. 7–8) Male tegmen and penis, dorsal and lateral view. 9) Male spiculum gastrale. 10) Female genitalia, inset spermatheca. All images to the same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2651600/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Figs. 7–9</figureCitation>
|
||
), with dorsoventrally flattened tegmen, elongate cylindrical median lobe, and long coiled flagellum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36F3FFEAFFC7FF52F8BCFC48F9FD" blockId="3.[151,1437,1162,2032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEAFFC7FF52F8BCFEADFA1E" bold="true" box="[199,293,1479,1504]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
Similar to male, no sexual dimorphism observed. Genitalia elongate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A76FFEAFFC7FBA0F8BCFB00FA1E" box="[1077,1160,1479,1504]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1036,1059]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1016]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[150,1436,193,1016]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 7–10. Pharaxonotha cerradensis new species, genitalia, paratypes [BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz, Portrerillos del Guenda, 40 km. NW Santa Cruz de la Sierra, 17 ° 40.26’S -063 ° 27.44’W]. 7–8) Male tegmen and penis, dorsal and lateral view. 9) Male spiculum gastrale. 10) Female genitalia, inset spermatheca. All images to the same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2651600/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
); gonostylus set apically on gonocoxite, gonostylus length = 4–5× width. Spermatheca C-shaped.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3796578FFEAFFC0FF52FB76FC71FE13" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="188" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36F3FFEAFFC7FF52FB76FA00F9D8" blockId="3.[151,1437,1162,2032]" box="[199,1416,1549,1574]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEAFFC7FF52FB76FEEDF9D8" bold="true" box="[199,357,1549,1574]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Type locality.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0B3CAEFFEAFFC7FEF9FB75FA00F9D8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2236964462" box="[364,1416,1549,1574]" collectorName="Chapada dos Guimaraes" country="Brazil" elevation="420" latitude="-15.217222" location="Mato Grosso" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-55.337498" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" specimenCount="420" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3747663FFEAFFC7FEF9FB75FE5CF9D8" box="[364,468,1550,1574]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">BRASIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A7F811FFEAFFC7FE4BFB74FDFAF9D8" box="[478,626,1550,1574]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26965325FFEAFFC7FDEBFB76FC19F9D8" box="[638,913,1549,1574]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Chapada dos Guimarães</collectorName>
|
||
, Bela Vista,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE575034FFEAFFC7FB8BFB76FB17F9D8" box="[1054,1183,1549,1574]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" precision="15" value="-15.217222">15°13'02"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE575034FFEAFFC7FB3EFB76FABDF9D8" box="[1195,1333,1549,1574]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" precision="15" value="-55.337498">55°20'15"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D65FD7AFFEAFFC7FAD5FB75FA00F9D8" box="[1344,1416,1550,1574]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4C9B9B16FFEAFFC7FAD5FB75FA0CF9D8" box="[1344,1412,1550,1574]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" unit="m" value="420.0">
|
||
<elevation id="004ED1C0FFEAFFC7FAD5FB75FA0CF9D8" box="[1344,1412,1550,1574]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" unit="m" value="420.0">420m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36F3FFEAFFC7FF52FB4AFDF2F992" blockId="3.[151,1437,1162,2032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEAFFC7FF52FB4AFE92F9B4" bold="true" box="[199,282,1585,1610]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Range.</emphasis>
|
||
Known from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A7F811FFEAFFC7FE2BFB4AFD44F9B7" box="[446,716,1585,1609]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Santa Cruz Department</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3747663FFEAFFC7FD4FFB4AFCA7F9B4" box="[730,815,1585,1610]" name="Bolivia" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and the neighboring state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A7F811FFEAFFC7FB1DFB49FA96F9B7" box="[1160,1310,1585,1609]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3747663FFEAFFC7FABEFB4AFAFAF9B4" box="[1323,1394,1585,1610]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, on male strobili of the cycad
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFEAFFC7FE2FFB2EFDFBF992" box="[442,627,1620,1644]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boliviana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEAFFC7FE2FFB2EFDFBF992" box="[442,627,1620,1644]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Zamia boliviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36F3FFEAFFC7FF52FB0CFA8FF907" blockId="3.[151,1437,1162,2032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEAFFC7FF52FB0CFE39F96E" bold="true" box="[199,433,1655,1680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0B3CAEFFEAFFC7FE2CFB0CFA8FF907" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2236964463" collectingDate="2017-10-14" collectionCode="CEMT" collectorName="R. Segalla" country="Brazil" elevation="420" latitude="-15.217222" location="Bela Vista" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-55.337498" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D88851FFEAFFC7FE2CFB0CFDA9F96E" box="[441,545,1655,1680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(by designation) male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFEAFFC7FCD2FB0CFBFAF971" authorityName="Skelley & Segalla" authorityYear="2019" box="[839,1138,1655,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cerradensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEAFFC7FCD2FB0CFBFAF971" box="[839,1138,1655,1679]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Pharaxonotha cerradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the following labels: 1) [rectangular; white; printed in black ink] “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3747663FFEAFFC7FD2BFBE0FCA0F94D" box="[702,808,1691,1715]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">BRASIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A7F811FFEAFFC7FCAFFBE0FC5DF94D" box="[826,981,1691,1715]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Chapada dos Guimarães,
|
||
<location id="8EBC6028FFEAFFC7FA8FFBE1FA10F94D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CA87E5FFE8FFC1FF02FFACFB63FD62:8EBC6028FFEAFFC7FA8FFBE1FA10F94D" box="[1306,1432,1690,1715]" country="Brazil" latitude="-15.217222" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-55.337498" name="Bela Vista" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">Bela Vista</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE575034FFEAFFC7FF02FBC6FE87F928" box="[151,271,1725,1750]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" precision="15" value="-15.217222">15°13’2”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE575034FFEAFFC7FE89FBC6FE23F928" box="[284,427,1725,1750]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" precision="15" value="-55.337498">55°20’15”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9B9B16FFEAFFC7FE2DFBC5FE73F928" box="[440,507,1726,1750]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" unit="m" value="420.0">
|
||
<elevation id="004ED1C0FFEAFFC7FE2DFBC5FE73F928" box="[440,507,1726,1750]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" unit="m" value="420.0">420m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectedFrom id="387F750EFFEAFFC7FD93FBC4FD6CF928" box="[518,740,1726,1750]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFEAFFC7FDBFFBC4FD6CF928" box="[554,740,1726,1750]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boliviana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEAFFC7FDBFFBC4FD6CF928" box="[554,740,1726,1750]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Zamia boliviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</collectedFrom>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFDD1033FFEAFFC7FD66FBC5FCEDF928" box="[755,869,1726,1750]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" value="2017-10-14">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF99E9DBFFEAFFC7FD66FBC5FCEDF928" box="[755,869,1726,1750]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" value="2017-10-14">14.x.2017</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26965325FFEAFFC7FCE7FBC4FC63F928" box="[882,1003,1725,1750]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">R. Segalla</collectorName>
|
||
”. 2) [rectangular; red; printed in black ink] “
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D88851FFEAFFC7FF40FB9AFEE4F907" box="[213,364,1761,1785]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D65FD7AFFEAFFC7FEE7FB99FE0FF907" box="[370,391,1762,1785]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFEAFFC7FE1BFB9AFC57F907" authority="Skelley and Segalla 2018" authorityName="Skelley and Segalla" authorityYear="2018" box="[398,991,1761,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cerradensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEAFFC7FE1BFB9AFD30F907" box="[398,696,1761,1785]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Pharaxonotha cerradensis</emphasis>
|
||
Skelley and Segalla 2018
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”. Deposited in the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED72AE36FFEAFFC7FB26FB9AFA8BF907" box="[1203,1283,1761,1785]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">CEMT</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36F3FFEAFFC0FF52FA7FFC71FE13" blockId="3.[151,1437,1162,2032]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,1092]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="188" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D88851FFEAFFC7FF52FA7FFEA1F8E3" box="[199,297,1796,1821]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" type="allotype">Allotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and adult
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D88851FFEAFFC7FE0BFA7EFD81F8E3" box="[414,521,1797,1821]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(n = 586):
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEAFFC7FD12FA7FFC10F8E3" bold="true" box="[647,920,1796,1821]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3747663FFEAFFC7FD12FA7FFC8DF8E3" box="[647,773,1796,1821]" name="Bolivia" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">BOLIVIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A7F811FFEAFFC7FC85FA7FFC10F8E3" box="[784,920,1796,1821]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, Buena Vista,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9B9B16FFEAFFC7FBA9FA7EFBF6F8E3" box="[1084,1150,1797,1821]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" unit="m" value="410.0">410m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFDD1033FFEAFFC7FB1CFA7EFA8FF8E3" box="[1161,1287,1797,1821]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" value="1999-10-29">29-X-1999</date>
|
||
, C. Porter, L. Stange, disturbed tropical forest, at light (1-FSCA); Potrerillos de Guenda,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE575034FFEAFFC7FC76FA53FBECF8BE" box="[995,1124,1832,1856]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" precision="9" value="-17.680334">17°40.82’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE575034FFEAFFC7FBE5FA5CFB72F8BE" box="[1136,1274,1831,1856]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" precision="9" value="-63.46">63°27.60’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFDD1033FFEAFFC7FA93FA53FA10F8BE" box="[1286,1432,1832,1856]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" value="1998-04-04" valueMax="1998-04-07" valueMin="1998-04-04">4–7-IV-1998</date>
|
||
, H. & A. Howden (48-CMNC); Portrerillos del Guenda,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9B9B16FFEAFFC7FCD6FA30FC1CF89D" box="[835,916,1866,1891]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" unit="km" value="40.0">40 km</quantity>
|
||
. NW
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A7F811FFEAFFC7FC77FA30FA8CF89D" box="[994,1284,1866,1891]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Santa Cruz de la Sierra</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE575034FFEAFFC7FA83FA31FA10F89D" box="[1302,1432,1866,1891]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" precision="9" value="-17.671">17°40.26’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE575034FFEAFFC7FF02FA16FEA9F878" box="[151,289,1901,1926]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" precision="9" value="-63.457333">63°27.44’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFDD1033FFEAFFC7FEBBFA16FE59F878" box="[302,465,1901,1926]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" value="2004-11-05" valueMax="2004-11-20" valueMin="2004-11-05">5–20-XI-2004</date>
|
||
, B. K. Dozier (46-FSCA, 8-BMNH, 8-CMET, 20-MNKM, 8-USNM); same locality,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE575034FFEAFFC7FF02FAEAFE90F857" box="[151,280,1937,1961]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" precision="9" value="-17.671667">17°40.30’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE575034FFEAFFC7FEB1FAEAFE26F854" box="[292,430,1937,1962]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" precision="9" value="-63.456665">63°27.40’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFDD1033FFEAFFC7FE2FFAEAFD13F854" box="[442,667,1937,1962]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" value="2005-11-22" valueMax="2005-12-12" valueMin="2005-11-22">22-XI–12-XII-2005</date>
|
||
, B. K. Dozier (6-FSCA); same locality,
|
||
<date id="FFDD1033FFEAFFC7FBCBFAEAFA89F854" box="[1118,1281,1937,1962]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" value="2006-11-09" valueMax="2006-11-28" valueMin="2006-11-09">9–28-XI-2006</date>
|
||
, B. K. Dozier (1-FSCA); same locality,
|
||
<date id="FFDD1033FFEAFFC7FE52FACFFDF0F833" box="[455,632,1972,1997]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" value="2006-11-10" valueMax="2006-11-29" valueMin="2006-11-10">10–29-XI-2006</date>
|
||
, B. K. Dozier, blacklight (2-FSCA); same locality,
|
||
<date id="FFDD1033FFEAFFC7FB76FACEFAF0F833" box="[1251,1400,1973,1997]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" value="2012-09-07" valueMax="2012-09-09" valueMin="2012-09-07">7–9-IX-2012</date>
|
||
, P. Skelley, male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFEAFFC7FEAFFAA3FE0AF811" box="[314,386,2008,2031]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEAFFC7FEAFFAA3FE0AF811" box="[314,386,2008,2031]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Zamia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cone (14-FSCA); same locality,
|
||
<date id="FFDD1033FFEAFFC7FC95FAA3FC3AF80E" box="[768,946,2008,2032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" value="2012-09-22" valueMax="2012-09-24" valueMin="2012-09-22">22–24-IX-2012</date>
|
||
, P. Skelley,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D65FD7AFFEAFFC7FBD5FAA3FBFEF80E" box="[1088,1142,2008,2032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" type="generic">12w.</specimenCount>
|
||
UV light trap (5-FSCA); same locality,
|
||
<date id="FFDD1033FFEDFFC0FEACFDE3FD83FF4E" box="[313,523,152,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" value="2012-09-22" valueMax="2012-09-24" valueMin="2012-09-22">22–24-SEPT-2012</date>
|
||
, P. Skelley, J. Wappes, MV+UV light (1-FSCA).
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEDFFC0FBAEFDECFADAFF4E" bold="true" box="[1083,1362,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3747663FFEDFFC0FBAEFDECFB23FF4E" box="[1083,1195,151,176]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A7F811FFEDFFC0FB2DFDECFADAFF4E" box="[1208,1362,151,176]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: same data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D88851FFEDFFC0FF61FDC0FED1FF2A" box="[244,345,187,212]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE575034FFEDFFC0FEFCFDC0FE62FF2A" box="[361,490,187,212]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" precision="9" value="-15.217167">15°13.03’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE575034FFEDFFC0FE6EFDC0FD0DFF2A" box="[507,645,187,212]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" precision="9" value="-55.3375">55°20.25’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D88851FFEDFFC0FD0DFDC0FD7CFF2A" box="[664,756,187,212]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" type="allotype">allotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D65FD7AFFEDFFC0FC95FDC7FC9DFF2D" box="[768,789,188,211]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
and 168-CEMT, 115-FSCA); Bela Vista, Chapada dos Guimarães,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE575034FFEDFFC0FEB0FDA5FE2EFF09" box="[293,422,222,247]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" precision="9" value="-15.217334">15°13.04’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE575034FFEDFFC0FE2DFDA5FDCAFF09" box="[440,578,222,247]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" precision="9" value="-55.3375">55°20.25’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFDD1033FFEDFFC0FDC1FDA5FD44FF09" box="[596,716,222,247]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" value="2018-09-06">6-IX-2018</date>
|
||
, Elev.:
|
||
<quantity id="4C9B9B16FFEDFFC0FCB9FDA4FCF4FF08" box="[812,892,223,247]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.22" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" unit="m" value="422.0">422 m</quantity>
|
||
; R. Segalla, male cone
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFEDFFC0FB34FDA4FAE8FF08" box="[1185,1376,222,246]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boliviana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEDFFC0FB34FDA4FAE8FF08" box="[1185,1376,222,246]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Zamia boliviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(10- CEMT); same data except
|
||
<date id="FFDD1033FFEDFFC0FE41FC79FDC5FEE4" box="[468,589,258,282]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" value="2018-09-08">8-IX-2018</date>
|
||
; R. Segalla, P. Skelley, male cone
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFEDFFC0FC7EFC79FB2FFEE7" box="[1003,1191,257,281]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boliviana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEDFFC0FC7EFC79FB2FFEE7" box="[1003,1191,257,281]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Zamia boliviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(31-FSCA); Cáceres (Serra Mangaval, Rodovia BR 070),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE575034FFEDFFC0FDA2FC5FFD30FEC3" box="[567,696,292,317]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" precision="9" value="-16.248167">16°14.89’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE575034FFEDFFC0FD50FC5FFCC7FEC3" box="[709,847,292,317]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" precision="9" value="-57.4955">57°29.73’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9B9B16FFEDFFC0FCCEFC5EFC11FEC3" box="[859,921,293,317]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.11" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" unit="m" value="411.0">411m</quantity>
|
||
high,
|
||
<date id="FFDD1033FFEDFFC0FC77FC5EFBC5FEC3" box="[994,1101,293,317]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" value="2011-08-02">11-VIII-2</date>
|
||
017, R. Segalla, Host: Palmazamia,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFEDFFC0FF7AFC33FDC5FE9E" box="[239,589,327,352]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boliviana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEDFFC0FF7AFC33FE27FE9E" box="[239,431,328,352]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Zamia boliviana</emphasis>
|
||
(Zamiaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFEDFFC0FDCAFC33FD77FE9E" box="[607,767,328,352]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEDFFC0FDCAFC33FD77FE9E" box="[607,767,328,352]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Pharaxonotha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., GHRosado-Neto det. 2017, 0133/2017-RN (DZUP 458708-458723: 16-UFMI; DZUP 458724-458727: 4-FSCA); Gloria do Oeste,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE575034FFEDFFC0FBB0FC10FB2EFE7A" box="[1061,1190,363,388]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" precision="9" value="-15.8725">15°52.35’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE575034FFEDFFC0FB21FC10FAB1FE7A" box="[1204,1337,363,388]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" precision="9" value="-58.1355">58°08.13'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFDD1033FFEDFFC0FAD2FC10FF5AFE59" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" value="2016-12-07">07-XII- 2016</date>
|
||
, R. Segalla, Host: Palma-zamia,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFEDFFC0FDAAFCF4FC04FE59" box="[575,908,398,423]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boliviana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEDFFC0FDAAFCF4FD7EFE58" box="[575,758,398,422]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Zamia boliviana</emphasis>
|
||
(Zamiaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFEDFFC0FC03FCF5FBBEFE58" box="[918,1078,398,422]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEDFFC0FC03FCF5FBBEFE58" box="[918,1078,398,422]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Pharaxonotha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., GHRosado-Neto det. 2017, 0133/2017-RN (DZUP 458688-458703: 16-UFMI; DZUP 458704-458707: 4-FSCA); Poconé,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE575034FFEDFFC0FA83FCCAFA1FFE34" box="[1302,1431,433,458]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" precision="9" value="-15.958834">15°57.53’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE575034FFEDFFC0FF02FCAFFEA9FE13" box="[151,289,468,493]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" precision="9" value="-57.0425">57°02.55’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFDD1033FFEDFFC0FEB9FCAFFE26FE13" box="[300,430,468,493]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" value="2016-12-07">7-XII-2016</date>
|
||
, R. Segalla, male cone
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFEDFFC0FD21FCAEFCE4FE13" box="[692,876,469,493]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boliviana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEDFFC0FD21FCAEFCE4FE13" box="[692,876,469,493]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Zamia boliviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(44-FSCA).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3796578FFEDFFC0FF52FC8CFCF1FDCA" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36F3FFEDFFC0FF52FC8CFCF1FDCA" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1092]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEDFFC0FF52FC8CFEC6FDEE" bold="true" box="[199,334,503,528]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The host cycad of this beetle occurs in the biome known as the Cerrado in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3747663FFEDFFC0FB36FC8CFB6FFDEE" box="[1187,1255,503,528]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Savanna in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3747663FFEDFFC0FF02FF60FF65FDCA" box="[151,237,539,564]" name="Bolivia" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The species epithet
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEDFFC0FE40FF60FDE9FDCD" box="[469,609,539,563]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">cerrad-ensis</emphasis>
|
||
means “of the Cerrado”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3796578FFEDFFC1FF52FF45FB63FD62" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="189" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36F3FFEDFFC0FF52FF45FD61FD1A" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1092]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEDFFC0FF52FF45FEB3FDA9" bold="true" box="[199,315,574,599]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
In a phylogenetic analysis using the 16S rRNA gene, Tang
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEDFFC0FB95FF44FBBDFDA8" box="[1024,1077,574,598]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2018b; D0053 from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3747663FFEDFFC0FAD5FF45FA1CFDA9" box="[1344,1428,574,599]" name="Bolivia" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
) found that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFEDFFC0FE81FF1AFDC8FD87" authorityName="Skelley and Segalla" authorityYear="2018" box="[276,576,609,633]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cerradensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEDFFC0FE81FF1AFDC8FD87" box="[276,576,609,633]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Pharaxonotha cerradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs in the "recent radiation" clade of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFEDFFC0FBBFFF1AFB42FD87" box="[1066,1226,609,633]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEDFFC0FBBFFF1AFB42FD87" box="[1066,1226,609,633]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Pharaxonotha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which includes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFEDFFC0FA12FF19FEFBFD63" authority="Pakaluk" authorityName="Pakaluk" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clarkorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEDFFC0FA12FF19FA1DFD87" box="[1415,1429,610,633]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEDFFC0FF02FFFEFE84FD63" box="[151,268,645,669]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">clarkorum</emphasis>
|
||
Pakaluk
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFEDFFC0FE17FFFEFDD7FD63" authority="Pakaluk" authorityName="Pakaluk" box="[386,607,644,669]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEDFFC0FE17FFFEFE18FD62" box="[386,400,645,668]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEDFFC0FE34FFFEFE70FD63" box="[417,504,645,669]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">confusa</emphasis>
|
||
Pakaluk
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and several undescribed species that occur from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3747663FFEDFFC0FB33FFFFFB74FD63" box="[1190,1276,644,669]" name="Mexico" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3747663FFEDFFC0FAB3FFFFFA11FD63" box="[1318,1433,644,669]" name="Colombia" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Within this group,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFEDFFC0FEE3FFD2FD91FD3E" authorityName="Skelley and Segalla" authorityYear="2018" box="[374,537,680,704]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cerradensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEDFFC0FEE3FFD2FE0CFD3E" box="[374,388,681,704]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEDFFC0FE03FFD3FD91FD3E" box="[406,537,680,704]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">cerradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the most geographically isolated and is easily identifiable by its enlarged terminal antennomere XI (compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A76FFEDFFC0FDBDFFB0FDE1FD1A" box="[552,617,715,740]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1866,1889]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,697,1845]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[150,1436,697,1845]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Pharaxonotha cerradensis new species, paratype [BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz, Portrerillos del Guenda, 40 km. NW Santa Cruz de la Sierra, 17 ° 40.26’S, 63 ° 27.44’W]: 1) dorsal habitus; 2) ventral habitus; 3) lateral habitus; 4) head and prothorax, ventral view. Antenna: 5) P. cerradensis; 6) Pharaxonotha sp. (nr. P. confusa Pakaluk) [Costa Rica: Osa Peninsula, ex Zamia fairchildiana]. Figures 5–6 to same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2651598/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A76FFEDFFC0FD02FFB0FD53FD1A" box="[663,731,715,740]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1866,1889]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,697,1845]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[150,1436,697,1845]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Pharaxonotha cerradensis new species, paratype [BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz, Portrerillos del Guenda, 40 km. NW Santa Cruz de la Sierra, 17 ° 40.26’S, 63 ° 27.44’W]: 1) dorsal habitus; 2) ventral habitus; 3) lateral habitus; 4) head and prothorax, ventral view. Antenna: 5) P. cerradensis; 6) Pharaxonotha sp. (nr. P. confusa Pakaluk) [Costa Rica: Osa Peninsula, ex Zamia fairchildiana]. Figures 5–6 to same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2651598/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36F3FFEDFFC0FF52FF95FD30FBBD" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1092]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
Cycads are dioecious and produce morphologically distinct reproductive strobili (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A76FFEDFFC0FBE4FF95FB71FCF9" box="[1137,1273,750,775]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–12" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1775,1798]" captionTargetBox="[167,1408,1147,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[167,1408,1145,1746]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 11–12. Zamia boliviana plants. 11) Female plant with seeds in development. 12) Male plant, a) fresh strobili, b) same, close-up showing P. cerradensis new species on host." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2651602/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Figs. 11–12</figureCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B02FFEDFFC0FA86FF94FA1FFCF9" author="Jones, D. L." box="[1299,1431,751,775]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" refId="ref3951" refString="Jones, D. L. (1993) Cycads of the World. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., 312 pp." type="book" year="1993">Jones 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B02FFEDFFC0FF02FE6AFED9FCD4" author="Whitelock, L. M." box="[151,337,785,810]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" refId="ref4878" refString="Whitelock, L. M. (2002) The Cycads. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon, 532 pp." type="book" year="2002">Whitelock 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFEDFFC0FEF1FE6AFD07FCD7" authorityName="Skelley and Segalla" authorityYear="2018" box="[356,655,785,809]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cerradensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEDFFC0FEF1FE6AFD07FCD7" box="[356,655,785,809]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Pharaxonotha cerradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was frequently found
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEDFFC0FC1AFE69FC5DFCD7" box="[911,981,786,809]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
colonizing male strobili (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A76FFEDFFC0FB6CFE6AFAC1FCD4" box="[1273,1353,785,810]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–12" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1775,1798]" captionTargetBox="[167,1408,1147,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[167,1408,1145,1746]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 11–12. Zamia boliviana plants. 11) Female plant with seeds in development. 12) Male plant, a) fresh strobili, b) same, close-up showing P. cerradensis new species on host." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2651602/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
a–b) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFEDFFC0FF02FE4EFEA9FCB3" box="[151,289,821,845]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boliviana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEDFFC0FF02FE4EFF2EFCB2" box="[151,166,821,844]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Z</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEDFFC0FF22FE4EFEA9FCB3" box="[183,289,821,845]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">boliviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in surveys conducted in 2016,
|
||
<date id="FFDD1033FFEDFFC0FD05FE4EFCB7FCB3" box="[656,831,820,845]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" value="2017" valueMax="2018">2017 and 2018</date>
|
||
, except in small and isolated refuges of the Cáceres subpantanal (Segalla
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEDFFC0FE12FE22FE31FC8E" box="[391,441,856,880]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., in prep.). These recurring observations in successive reproductive periods of the cycad suggest the existence of an ecological interaction, probably mutualistic. The association of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFEDFFC0FB44FE07FAD6FC6D" box="[1233,1374,892,915]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incognita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEDFFC0FB44FE07FB68FC6D" box="[1233,1248,892,915]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Z</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEDFFC0FB61FE07FAD6FC6D" box="[1268,1374,892,915]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">incognita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFEDFFC0FF02FEE5FEBFFC48" box="[151,311,926,950]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEDFFC0FF02FEE5FEBFFC48" box="[151,311,926,950]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Pharaxonotha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. and other insects was shown by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B02FFEDFFC0FD75FEE5FBC2FC49" author="Valencia-Montoya, W. A. & Tuberquia, D. & Guzman, P. A. & Cardona-Duque, J." box="[736,1098,926,951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref4790" refString="Valencia-Montoya, W. A., Tuberquia, D., Guzman, P. A. & Cardona-Duque, J. (2017) Pollination of the cycad Zamia incognita A. Lindstr. & Idarraga by Pharaxonotha beetles in the Magdalena Medio Valley, Colombia: a mutualism dependent on a specific pollinator and its significance for conservation. Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 11, 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11829 - 017 - 9511 - y" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Valencia-Montoya
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEDFFC0FC2CFEE4FC64FC48" box="[953,1004,926,950]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2017)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. These authors argue that the maintenance of cycads also implies the maintenance of a surprising web of insect-plant interactions, with consequences for the conservation of species. The association between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFEDFFC0FC56FE9EFBEAFC03" authorityName="Skelley and Segalla" authorityYear="2018" box="[963,1122,997,1021]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cerradensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEDFFC0FC56FE9EFBEAFC03" box="[963,1122,997,1021]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">P. cerradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFEDFFC0FB0EFE9EFAACFC03" box="[1179,1316,997,1021]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boliviana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEDFFC0FB0EFE9EFAACFC03" box="[1179,1316,997,1021]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Z. boliviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as well as the ecology, distribution, and conservation status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFEDFFC0FD65F972FCF2FBDE" box="[752,890,1032,1056]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boliviana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEDFFC0FD65F972FCF2FBDE" box="[752,890,1032,1056]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Z. boliviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
along with various insect-plant interactions are currently under study by Segalla
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEDFFC0FD9FF957FDB3FBBD" box="[522,571,1067,1091]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (in prep.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1C667BFFEDFFC0FF02FB94FD71F8DA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2651602/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" startId="4.[151,264,1775,1798]" targetBox="[167,1408,1147,1746]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36F3FFEDFFC0FF02FB94FD71F8DA" blockId="4.[151,1435,1775,1829]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEDFFC0FF02FB94FEDCF8FB" bold="true" box="[151,340,1775,1798]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">FIGURES 11–12.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFEDFFC0FEC9FB8AFD8DF8F8" box="[348,517,1776,1798]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boliviana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEDFFC0FEC9FB8AFD8DF8F8" box="[348,517,1776,1798]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Zamia boliviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plants. 11) Female plant with seeds in development. 12) Male plant, a) fresh strobili, b) same, close-up showing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFEDFFC0FE05FA6BFD97F8DA" authority="Skelley & Segalla, 2019" authorityName="Skelley & Segalla" authorityYear="2019" box="[400,543,1806,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cerradensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEDFFC0FE05FA6BFD97F8DA" box="[400,543,1806,1829]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">P. cerradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEDFFC0FDB0FA74FD2AF8DA" bold="true" box="[549,674,1806,1828]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A224579AFFEDFFC0FDB0FA74FD2AF8DA" box="[549,674,1806,1828]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
on host.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36F3FFEDFFC1FF52FA37FC0FFF2A" blockId="4.[151,1436,1868,2033]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,669]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="189" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
The lack of knowledge on the biology and ecology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFEDFFC0FCB3FA36FC26F89A" box="[806,942,1868,1892]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boliviana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEDFFC0FCB3FA36FCBDF89A" box="[806,821,1869,1892]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Z</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEDFFC0FCD1FA37FC26F89A" box="[836,942,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">boliviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFEDFFC0FC71FA36FB0BF89A" authorityName="Skelley & Segalla" authorityYear="2019" box="[996,1155,1868,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cerradensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEDFFC0FC71FA36FC7AF89A" box="[996,1010,1869,1892]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEDFFC0FB95FA37FB0BF89A" box="[1024,1155,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">cerradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
impair predictions about the behavior and persistence of these species in response to anthropic effects. The specializations found in species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFEDFFC0FF23FAE9FEA7F855" box="[182,303,1938,1963]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Zamiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
demonstrate that their interactions are under the same regime and causes of threats, thus presenting conservation status and demands for similar studies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B02FFEDFFC0FD6AFACEFC78F830" author="Lopez-Gallego, C." box="[767,1008,1973,1998]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" refId="ref4136" refString="Lopez-Gallego, C. (2015) Plan de Accion para la Conservacion de las Zamias de Colombia [Recurso electronico]. Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible, Universidad de Antioquia, Bogota D. C., Colombia, 159 pp." type="book" year="2015">Lopez-Gallego 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B02FFEDFFC0FC6BFACEFAD2F830" author="Valencia-Montoya, W. A. & Tuberquia, D. & Guzman, P. A. & Cardona-Duque, J." box="[1022,1370,1973,1998]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref4790" refString="Valencia-Montoya, W. A., Tuberquia, D., Guzman, P. A. & Cardona-Duque, J. (2017) Pollination of the cycad Zamia incognita A. Lindstr. & Idarraga by Pharaxonotha beetles in the Magdalena Medio Valley, Colombia: a mutualism dependent on a specific pollinator and its significance for conservation. Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 11, 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11829 - 017 - 9511 - y" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Valencia-Montoya
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFEDFFC0FB42FACDFA84F833" box="[1239,1292,1973,1997]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The Savanna (Cerrado) Biome is one of four biomes that supports higher endemism and greater beta-diversity levels than those found in other biomes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B02FFECFFC1FD8FFDECFC9AFF4E" author="Dinerstein, E. & Olson, D. & Joshi, A. & Vynne, C. & Burgess, N. D. & Wikramanayake, E. & Hahn, N. & Palminteri, S. & Hedao, P. & Noss, R. & Hansen, M. & Locke, H. & Ellis, E. & Jones, B. & Barber, C. & Hayes, R. & Kormos, C. & Martin, V. & Crist, E. & Sechrest, W. & Price, L. & Baillie, J. & Weeden, D. & Suckling, K. & Davis, C. & Sizer, N. & Moore, R. & Thau, D. & Birch, T. & Potapov, P. & Turubanova, S. & Tyukavina, A. & De Souza, N. & Pintea, L. & Brito, J. & Llewellyn, O. & Miller, A. & Patzelt, A. & Ghazanfar, S. & Timberlake, J. & Kloser, H. & Shennan-Farpon, Y. & Kindt, R. & Barnekow Lilleso, Y. - P. & Van Breugel, P. & Graudal, L. & Voge, M. & Al-Shammari, K. & Saleem, M." box="[538,786,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" pagination="534 - 545" refId="ref3476" refString="Dinerstein, E., Olson, D., Joshi, A., Vynne, C., Burgess, N. D., Wikramanayake, E., Hahn, N., Palminteri, S., Hedao, P., Noss, R., Hansen, M., Locke, H., Ellis, E., Jones, B., Barber, C., Hayes, R., Kormos, C., Martin, V., Crist, E., Sechrest, W., Price, L., Baillie, J., Weeden, D., Suckling, K., Davis, C., Sizer, N., Moore, R., Thau, D., Birch, T., Potapov, P., Turubanova, S., Tyukavina, A., De Souza, N., Pintea, L., Brito, J., Llewellyn, O., Miller, A., Patzelt, A., Ghazanfar, S., Timberlake, J., Kloser, H., Shennan-Farpon, Y., Kindt, R., Barnekow Lilleso, Y. - P., Van Breugel, P., Graudal, L., Voge, M., Al-Shammari, K. & Saleem, M. (2017) An ecoregion-based approach to protecting half the terrestrial realm. BioScience, 67 (6), 534 - 545. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / biosci / bix 014" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Dinerstein
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFECFFC1FD0DFDE2FD42FF4E" box="[664,714,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and is among those currently most threatened. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3747663FFECFFC1FAC5FDECFA1FFF4E" box="[1360,1431,151,176]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, only 8.3% of this biome is legally protected (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B02FFECFFC1FD1AFDC0FCF3FF2A" author="Francoso, R. D. & Brandao, R. & Nogueira, C. C. & Salmona, Y. B. & Machado, R. B. & Colli, G. R." box="[655,891,187,212]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" pagination="35 - 40" refId="ref3834" refString="Francoso, R. D., Brandao, R., Nogueira, C. C., Salmona, Y. B., Machado, R. B. & Colli, G. R. (2015) Habitat loss and the effectiveness of protected areas in the Cerrado Biodiversity Hotspot. Natureza & Conservacao, 13, 35 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ncon. 2015.04.001" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Françoso
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFECFFC1FD6AFDC7FCB8FF2D" box="[767,816,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36F3FFECFFC1FF52FDA5FAE1FE13" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,669]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">
|
||
Within the Savanna (Cerrado) Biome, the geographical distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFECFFC1FC7FFDA4FBFBFF08" box="[1002,1139,222,246]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boliviana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFECFFC1FC7FFDA4FC71FF08" box="[1002,1017,223,246]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">Z</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFECFFC1FB9FFDA5FBFBFF08" box="[1034,1139,222,246]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">boliviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is limited, with the cycad known to occur in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3747663FFECFFC1FEF8FC7AFE48FEE4" box="[365,448,257,282]" name="Bolivia" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A7F811FFECFFC1FE45FC7AFD81FEE4" box="[464,521,257,282]" country="Bolivia" name="Beni" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">Beni</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A7F811FFECFFC1FD80FC7AFD22FEE4" box="[533,682,257,282]" country="Bolivia" name="Cochabamba" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">Cochabamba</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A7F811FFECFFC1FD23FC79FC8CFEE7" box="[694,772,258,281]" country="Bolivia" name="La Paz" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">La Paz</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A7F811FFECFFC1FCA8FC79FC33FEE4" box="[829,955,258,282]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
) and in the state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A7F811FFECFFC1FB0BFC79FAB8FEE4" box="[1182,1328,258,282]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3747663FFECFFC1FACDFC7AFA14FEE4" box="[1368,1436,257,282]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B02FFECFFC1FF0BFC5EFEDEFEC3" author="Stevenson, D. W." box="[158,342,293,317]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" pagination="173 - 194" refId="ref4504" refString="Stevenson, D. W. (2004) Zamiaceae of Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru. In: Walters, T. & Osborne, R. (Eds.), Cycad Classification: Concepts and Recommendations. CABI, New York, pp. 173 - 194. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9780851997414.0173" type="book chapter" year="2004">Stevenson 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B02FFECFFC1FEF7FC5EFDDDFEC3" author="Jorgensen, P. M. & Nee, M. H. & Beck, S. G." box="[354,597,293,317]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref3979" refString="Jorgensen, P. M., Nee, M. H. & Beck, S. G. (2014) Catalogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden, 127 (1 - 2), i-viii + 1 - 1744." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Jørgensen
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFECFFC1FE4CFC5EFD83FEC3" box="[473,523,293,317]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B02FFECFFC1FDF7FC5EFD6CFEC3" author="GBIF" box="[610,740,293,317]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" refId="ref3914" refString="GBIF (2018) Secretariat: GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Available from: https: // www. gbif. org / occurrence / search? taxon _ key = 5284153 (accessed 20 July 2018)" type="url" year="2018">GBIF 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B02FFECFFC1FD64FC5FFC1FFEC3" author="Tropicos" box="[753,919,292,317]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" refId="ref4761" refString="Tropicos (2018) Missouri Botanical Garden. Available from: http: // www. tropicos. org / Name / 9600218 (accessed 19 July 2018)" type="url" year="2018">Tropicos 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; SpeciesLink 2018). The main habitats where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFECFFC1FF02FC32FE97FE9E" box="[151,287,328,352]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boliviana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFECFFC1FF02FC32FE97FE9E" box="[151,287,328,352]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">Z. boliviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occur include Cerrado
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFECFFC1FDBEFC32FD31FEA1" box="[555,697,328,352]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">sensu stricto</emphasis>
|
||
(Figs. 13–14), mosaic of Cerrado with rocky outcrops, disturbed fields, semideciduous forest and gallery forests in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3747663FFECFFC1FD42FC10FCA2FE7A" box="[727,810,363,388]" name="Bolivia" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3747663FFECFFC1FCF1FC10FC20FE7A" box="[868,936,363,388]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Segalla
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFECFFC1FB83FC17FBC1FE7D" box="[1046,1097,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., in prep.). Most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFECFFC1FA86FC17FA13FE7D" box="[1299,1435,363,387]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boliviana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFECFFC1FA86FC17FAAAFE7D" box="[1299,1314,364,387]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">Z</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFECFFC1FAA7FC10FA13FE7D" box="[1330,1435,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">boliviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations are located in habitats affected by land use both in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3747663FFECFFC1FCCAFCF5FC39FE59" box="[863,945,398,423]" name="Bolivia" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3747663FFECFFC1FC7CFCF5FBA5FE59" box="[1001,1069,398,423]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Figs. 15–16). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3747663FFECFFC1FB6FFCF5FAC7FE59" box="[1274,1359,398,423]" name="Bolivia" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, cycad populations occur in both protected parks and private properties (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B02FFECFFC1FCE4FCC9FC7FFE34" author="GBIF" box="[881,1015,434,458]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" refId="ref3914" refString="GBIF (2018) Secretariat: GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Available from: https: // www. gbif. org / occurrence / search? taxon _ key = 5284153 (accessed 20 July 2018)" type="url" year="2018">GBIF 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3747663FFECFFC1FBB2FCCAFBE6FE34" box="[1063,1134,433,458]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, records indicate they only occur in private areas, mainly in natural fragments of the Cerrado Biome (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B02FFECFFC1FC41FCAEFBD0FE13" author="GBIF" box="[980,1112,469,493]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" refId="ref3914" refString="GBIF (2018) Secretariat: GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Available from: https: // www. gbif. org / occurrence / search? taxon _ key = 5284153 (accessed 20 July 2018)" type="url" year="2018">GBIF 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Segalla
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFECFFC1FB28FCAEFB66FE13" box="[1213,1262,469,493]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., in prep.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36F3FFECFFC1FF52FC8CFB63FD62" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,669]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">
|
||
The fact that most populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFECFFC1FDDDFC82FD47FDEE" box="[584,719,504,528]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boliviana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFECFFC1FDDDFC82FDDFFDEE" box="[584,599,505,528]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">Z</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFECFFC1FDF3FC83FD47FDEE" box="[614,719,504,528]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">boliviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFECFFC1FC9CFC82FC21FDEE" authorityName="Skelley & Segalla" authorityYear="2019" box="[777,937,504,528]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cerradensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFECFFC1FC9CFC82FC9FFDEE" box="[777,791,505,528]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFECFFC1FCB3FC83FC21FDEE" box="[806,937,504,528]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">cerradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are outside of protected areas is a cause for concern. Habitat alterations, motivated by recurrent and continuous anthropic interference (Figs. 15–16), has negative effects on species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFECFFC1FD97FF45FDF3FDA9" box="[514,635,574,599]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Zamiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B02FFECFFC1FD1AFF45FB84FDA9" author="Lopez-Gallego, M. C. & Idarraga, A." box="[655,1036,574,599]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" pagination="23 - 31" refId="ref4181" refString="Lopez-Gallego, M. C. & Idarraga, A. (2001) Estado de Conservacion de las especies de Zamiaceae del departamento de Antioquia (Colombia). Actualidades Biologicas, 23, 23 - 31." type="journal article" year="2001">Lopez-Gallego & Idárraga 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B02FFECFFC1FB8BFF45FA86FDA9" author="Lopez-Gallego, C." box="[1054,1294,574,599]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" refId="ref4136" refString="Lopez-Gallego, C. (2015) Plan de Accion para la Conservacion de las Zamias de Colombia [Recurso electronico]. Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible, Universidad de Antioquia, Bogota D. C., Colombia, 159 pp." type="book" year="2015">Lopez-Gallego 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B02FFECFFC1FA8BFF45FED8FD84" author="Mankga, L. T. & Yessoufou, K." pageId="5" pageNumber="189" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref4220" refString="Mankga, L. T. & Yessoufou, K. (2017) Factors driving the global decline of cycad diversity. Aob Plants, 9, 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aobpla / plx 022" type="journal article" year="2017">Mankga & Yessoufou 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is suggested that similar alterations of habitats in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3747663FFECFFC1FC30FF1AFC70FD84" box="[933,1016,609,634]" name="Bolivia" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3747663FFECFFC1FBBBFF1AFBFAFD84" box="[1070,1138,609,634]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
accelerates the population decline of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFECFFC1FE98FFFEFDEAFD63" authority="(Whitelock 2002)" authorityName="Whitelock" authorityYear="2002" baseAuthorityName="Whitelock" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[269,610,644,669]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boliviana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFECFFC1FE98FFFEFE94FD62" box="[269,284,645,668]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">Z</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFECFFC1FEBEFFFEFE1DFD63" box="[299,405,645,669]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">boliviana</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B02FFECFFC1FE36FFFFFDD2FD63" author="Whitelock, L. M." box="[419,602,644,669]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" refId="ref4878" refString="Whitelock, L. M. (2002) The Cycads. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon, 532 pp." type="book" year="2002">Whitelock 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which will have implications extending to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D70FFECFFC1FBD3FFFEFB6DFD63" authorityName="Skelley & Segalla" authorityYear="2019" box="[1094,1253,645,669]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cerradensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFECFFC1FBD3FFFEFBDCFD62" box="[1094,1108,645,668]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAE1FFECFFC1FBF7FFFEFB6DFD63" box="[1122,1253,645,669]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">cerradensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |