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<document id="745C39720E8965122165C15F3E5E0FC3" ID-CLB-Dataset="39143" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4107.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ab6db32e-2995-4620-b521-d5cbaddbceae" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="267748" ID-ZooBank="262D02B9-E5CF-429C-B0DF-D1BB42BDB604" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1462342220123" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ahad, Sumaya &amp; Ahmad, Wasim" docDate="2016" docId="03CA87C4FFCAFFC515E1D320FB87F849" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4107.4.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4107 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Tylencholaimus cosmos (Dhanam &amp; Jairajpuri, 1999) Pena-Santiago 2008" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="469" masterDocId="FFF3FFBCFFC5FFD71576D572FFA5FF9D" masterDocTitle="Description of two new and six known species of the genus Tylencholaimus de Man, 1876 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) with a diagnostic compendium and key to species" masterLastPageNumber="490" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="466" updateTime="1698662236910" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="8838AD76F999BAAE6CC904C5AB55F0F9">Description of two new and six known species of the genus Tylencholaimus de Man, 1876 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) with a diagnostic compendium and key to species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C6C0D230434B4F49304FFA67698720A5">Ahad, Sumaya</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4CB490A5B8CF1B9B0D2657FEDADAC992">Ahmad, Wasim</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F82AEC902818BF4BEC421ED6DE127725">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C2D0D8FDE39BF885206865C9C069C8B3">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A1B01747760E13A2601FBAD8CEB2E128">4107</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="179B22BD3CEB0AB4258A0FF687E625B0" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4107.4.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03CA87C4FFCAFFC515E1D320FB87F849" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6082559" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120620886" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6082559" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CA87C4FFCAFFC515E1D320FB87F849" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87C4FFCAFFC515E1D320FB87F849" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="469" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<subSubSection id="C3796559FFCAFFD815E1D320FE93F913" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDC36D2FFCAFFD815E1D320FB96F9F1" blockId="15.[151,1075,1618,1678]" box="[151,1075,1618,1644]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<heading id="D09481BEFFCAFFD815E1D320FB96F9F1" bold="true" box="[151,1075,1618,1644]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C634D51FFCAFFD815E1D320FB96F9F1" authority="(Dhanam &amp; Jairajpuri, 1999) Pena-Santiago, 2008" authorityName="(Dhanam &amp; Jairajpuri, 1999) Pena-Santiago" authorityYear="2008" box="[151,1075,1618,1644]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Tylencholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cosmos">
<emphasis id="B917EAC0FFCAFFD815E1D320FB96F9F1" bold="true" box="[151,1075,1618,1644]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<emphasis id="B917EAC0FFCAFFD815E1D320FE12F9F1" bold="true" box="[151,439,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Tylencholaimus cosmos</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B23FFCAFFD814B0D320FC83F9F1" author="Dhanam" box="[454,806,1618,1644]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" refString="Dhanam, M. &amp; Jairajpuri, M. S. (1999) New leptonchid nematodes: One new genus and eleven new species from Malnad tracts of Karnataka, India. International Journal of Nematology, 9, 205 - 209." type="journal article" year="1999">Dhanam &amp; Jairajpuri, 1999</bibRefCitation>
)
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B23FFCAFFD81643D320FB96F9F1" author="Pena-Santiago" box="[821,1075,1618,1644]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" refString="Pena-Santiago, R. (2008) The genus Tylencholaimus de Man, 1876 (Dorylaimida: Tylencholaimidae), revisited twelve years after. Journal of Nematode Morphology &amp; Systematics, 11, 119 - 128." type="journal article" year="2008">Peña-Santiago, 2008</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC36D2FFCAFFD815E1D307FE93F913" blockId="15.[151,1075,1618,1678]" box="[151,310,1653,1678]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
(
<figureCitation id="13582A57FFCAFFD815E9D307FF49F913" box="[159,236,1653,1678]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1347,1369]" captionTargetBox="[383,1198,199,1316]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[374,1213,193,1326]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. Tylencholaimus cosmos Dhanam &amp; Jairajpuri, 1999. A. Entire female; B. Anterior region; C. Anterior end showing amphid; D. Pharyngeal region; E. Pharyngeal bulb; F. Female genital system; G. Female posterior region." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267757/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="13582A57FFCAFFD81466D304FE88F913" box="[272,301,1654,1678]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1424,1446]" captionTargetBox="[340,1246,193,1402]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[340,1247,193,1403]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 10. Tylencholaimus cosmos (Dhanam &amp; Jairajpuri, 1999) Peña-Santiago, 2008. A. &amp; B. Anterior region; C. Pharyngeal bulb; D. &amp; E. Female genital system; F. Vulval region; G. Female posterior region. (Scale bar A, B, = 10 µm; C – F = 20 µm)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267758/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">10</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3796559FFCAFFC515E1D3CFFA38FA41" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="469" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDC36D2FFCAFFD815E1D3CFFE45F94B" blockId="15.[151,1437,1725,2038]" box="[151,480,1725,1750]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<emphasis id="B917EAC0FFCAFFD815E1D3CFFEEAF94B" bold="true" box="[151,335,1725,1750]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Measurements:</emphasis>
See
<tableCitation id="C6E10369FFCAFFD814F0D3CFFE79F94B" box="[390,476,1725,1750]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="17.[245,323,300,328]" captionTargetBox="[314,1190,465,1869]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Table 5. Morphometrics of Tylencholaimus cosmos (Dhanam &amp; Jairajpuri, 1999) Peña-Santiago, 2008 (All measurements in µm)" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1C665AFFD4FFC61583D45EFBE5FEF0" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" tableUuid="DF1C665AFFD4FFC61583D45EFBE5FEF0">Table 5</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC36D2FFCAFFD815B1D393FE2CF817" blockId="15.[151,1437,1725,2038]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<emphasis id="B917EAC0FFCAFFD815B1D393FE62F967" bold="true" box="[199,455,1761,1786]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Description. Female:</emphasis>
Slender nematodes of small size,
<quantity id="4C9B9B37FFCAFFD81618D393FBBDF964" box="[878,1048,1761,1786]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.699999999999999" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" unit="mm" value="0.635" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.57">0.57–0.70 mm</quantity>
long; body cylindrical, tapering gradually towards both extremities, slightly ventrally curved upon fixation. Cuticle with two distinct layers, 2 Μm thick at midbody and 2–3 Μm on tail. Outer cuticle thin, finely striated; inner layer thick with distinct radial refractive elements. Lateral chords occupying about one-third of the midbody diameter. Lateral, dorsal and ventral body pores indistinct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC36D2FFCAFFC715B1D2E7FDBAFE16" blockId="15.[151,1437,1725,2038]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1437,151,395]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="467" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Lip region cap-like, offset by a slight constriction, 2.3–3.5 times as wide as high or about one-third of the body diameter at neck base; lips amalgamated, with their inner part somewhat elevated. Amphid aperture a small slit. Stoma a truncate cone. Odontostyle 1.0–1.1 times the lip region diameter long, its aperture about one-fourth to onethird of the odontostyle length. Odontophore rod-like with minute basal thickenings, 1.1–1.4 times the odontostyle length. Guiding ring simple, refractive, at 0.6–0.7 times lip region diameter from anterior end. Pharynx consists of a slender and weakly muscular anterior part, expanding abruptly into a cylindrical basal bulb, with thick-walled lumen, occupying about 41–45% of total neck length. Pharyngeal gland nuclei and their orifices are located as follows: DO = 58–63, DN = 61–65, S1N1 = 76–80, S1N2 = 82–88, S2N = 93–95, S2O = 93–96. Nerve ring located at 40–44% of neck length from anterior end. Cardia rounded, hemispheroid, about one-fourth to one-third of the corresponding body diameter long.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1C665AFFD5FFC715E1D3FDFD60F97F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267756/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" targetBox="[343,1246,447,1657]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="8BDC36D2FFD5FFC715E1D3FDFD60F97F" blockId="16.[151,1436,1679,1762]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
<emphasis id="B917EAC0FFD5FFC715E1D3FDFC08F938" bold="true" box="[151,941,1679,1701]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
FIGURE 8.
<taxonomicName id="4C634D51FFD5FFC71452D3FDFC0CF938" authority="Pena-Santiago &amp; Coomans, 1994" authorityName="Pena-Santiago &amp; Coomans" authorityYear="1994" box="[292,937,1679,1701]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Tylencholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ibericus">
<emphasis id="B917EAC0FFD5FFC71452D3FDFD8CF938" bold="true" box="[292,553,1679,1701]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Tylencholaimus ibericus</emphasis>
Peña-Santiago &amp; Coomans, 1994
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
A. Anterior region; B. Anterior end showing amphid; C. Pharyngeal bulb; D. Pharyngo-intestinal junction; E. Female genital system; F. Vulval region; G. Female posterior region. (Scale bar A, B, D, = 10 µm; C, E–G = 20 µm)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDC36D2FFD5FFC615B1D27DFB44FF48" blockId="16.[151,1437,1807,2012]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="468" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
Genital system didelphic-amphidelphic. Ovary reflexed, measuring 47–67 µm long (anterior) and 32–78 µm long (posterior), in one specimen the posterior branch reaches back up to vulva; oocytes arranged in a single row except near tip. Oviduct measuring 54–64 µm (anterior) and 48–64 µm (posterior), joining the ovary subterminally, its proximal and distal parts not differentiated; oviduct-uterus junction indistinct. Uterus short and tubular, measuring 21–25 µm (anterior) and 15–20 µm (posterior). Vagina cylindrical;
<emphasis id="B917EAC0FFD5FFC71155D2D2FA9DF82A" box="[1059,1336,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">pars proximalis vaginae</emphasis>
5–7 µm long, its wall encircled by muscles;
<emphasis id="B917EAC0FFD5FFC71737D2B6FC97F846" box="[577,818,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">pars distalis vaginae</emphasis>
short, 1–2 µm long with slightly curved walls;
<emphasis id="B917EAC0FFD5FFC6101CD2B6FEACFF2D" italics="true" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="468" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">pars refringens</emphasis>
absent. Vulva apparently a transverse slit. Prerectum 1.9–4.3 and rectum 0.8–1.2 anal body diameter long. Tail cylindrical to rounded-conoid, 1.0–1.1 anal body diameter long; caudal pores indistinct.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1C665AFFD4FFC61583D45EFBE5FEF0" ID-Table-UUID="DF1C665AFFD4FFC61583D45EFBE5FEF0" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1C665AFFD4FFC61583D45EFBE5FEF0" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" targetBox="[314,1190,465,1869]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="8BDC36D2FFD4FFC61583D45EFAE4FED5" blockId="17.[245,1345,300,365]" box="[245,1345,300,328]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<emphasis id="B917EAC0FFD4FFC61583D45EFAE4FED5" bold="true" box="[245,1345,300,328]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
Table 5. Morphometrics of
<taxonomicName id="4C634D51FFD4FFC6171AD45EFAE4FED5" authority="Dhanam &amp; Jairajpuri, 1999" authorityName="Dhanam &amp; Jairajpuri" authorityYear="1999" box="[620,1345,300,328]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Tylencholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cosmos">
<emphasis id="B917EAC0FFD4FFC6171AD45EFC02FED5" bold="true" box="[620,935,300,328]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Tylencholaimus cosmos</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B23FFD4FFC616CED45EFA9DFED5" author="Dhanam" box="[952,1336,300,328]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" refString="Dhanam, M. &amp; Jairajpuri, M. S. (1999) New leptonchid nematodes: One new genus and eleven new species from Malnad tracts of Karnataka, India. International Journal of Nematology, 9, 205 - 209." type="journal article" year="1999">Dhanam &amp; Jairajpuri, 1999</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC36D2FFD4FFC61480D423FBE5FEF0" blockId="17.[245,1345,300,365]" box="[502,1088,337,365]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B23FFD4FFC61480D423FCAEFEF0" author="Pena-Santiago" box="[502,779,337,365]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" refString="Pena-Santiago, R. (2008) The genus Tylencholaimus de Man, 1876 (Dorylaimida: Tylencholaimidae), revisited twelve years after. Journal of Nematode Morphology &amp; Systematics, 11, 119 - 128." type="journal article" year="2008">
<emphasis id="B917EAC0FFD4FFC61480D423FCAEFEF0" bold="true" box="[502,779,337,365]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Peña-Santiago, 2008</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
(All measurements in µm)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDC36D2FFD4FFC6144CD4A3FB2CF8D0" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<table id="F963C472FFD40028144CD4A3FB03F8D0" box="[314,1190,465,1869]" gridcols="2" gridrows="29" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<tr id="35533490FFD40028144CD4A3FB03FE76" box="[314,1190,465,491]" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<emphasis id="B917EAC0FFD4FFC6144CD4A3FBFCFE76" bold="true" box="[314,1113,465,491]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<th id="76825DECFFD40028144CD4A3FD00FE76" box="[314,677,465,491]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<emphasis id="B917EAC0FFD4FFC6144CD4A3FE63FE76" bold="true" box="[314,454,465,491]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Characters</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76825DECFFD4002816D2D4A3FB03FE76" box="[932,1190,465,491]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<emphasis id="B917EAC0FFD4FFC61684D4A3FBFCFE76" bold="true" box="[1010,1113,465,491]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Females</emphasis>
</th>
</emphasis>
</tr>
<tr id="35533490FFD40028144CD752FB03FDA7" box="[314,1190,544,570]" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<td id="76825DECFFD40028144CD752FD00FDA7" box="[314,677,544,570]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">n</td>
<td id="76825DECFFD4002816D2D752FB03FDA7" box="[932,1190,544,570]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35533490FFD40028144CD73DFB03FDF4" box="[314,1190,591,617]" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<td id="76825DECFFD40028144CD73DFD00FDF4" box="[314,677,591,617]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">L</td>
<td id="76825DECFFD4002816D2D73DFB03FDF4" box="[932,1190,591,617]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">616.5±44.4 (572-705)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35533490FFD40028144CD70FFB03FD0A" box="[314,1190,637,663]" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<td id="76825DECFFD40028144CD70FFD00FD0A" box="[314,677,637,663]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Body diameter at neck base</td>
<td id="76825DECFFD4002816D2D70FFB03FD0A" box="[932,1190,637,663]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">21.1±1.6 (19-24)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35533490FFD40028144CD7D9FB03FD58" box="[314,1190,683,709]" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<td id="76825DECFFD40028144CD7D9FD00FD58" box="[314,677,683,709]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Body diameter at mid body</td>
<td id="76825DECFFD4002816D2D7D9FB03FD58" box="[932,1190,683,709]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">22±2.3(19-26)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35533490FFD40028144CD7A8FB03FD69" box="[314,1190,730,756]" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<td id="76825DECFFD40028144CD7A8FD00FD69" box="[314,677,730,756]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Body diameter at anus</td>
<td id="76825DECFFD4002816D2D7A8FB03FD69" box="[932,1190,730,756]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">16.7±0.8 (16-18)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35533490FFD40028144CD67AFB03FCBF" box="[314,1190,776,802]" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<td id="76825DECFFD40028144CD67AFD00FCBF" box="[314,677,776,802]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">a</td>
<td id="76825DECFFD4002816D2D67AFB03FCBF" box="[932,1190,776,802]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">28.1±1.6 (25.7-30.7)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35533490FFD40028144CD645FB03FCCC" box="[314,1190,823,849]" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<td id="76825DECFFD40028144CD645FD00FCCC" box="[314,677,823,849]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">b</td>
<td id="76825DECFFD4002816D2D645FB03FCCC" box="[932,1190,823,849]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">3.8±0.1 (3.7-4.0)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35533490FFD40028144CD617FB03FCE2" box="[314,1190,869,895]" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<td id="76825DECFFD40028144CD617FD00FCE2" box="[314,677,869,895]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">c</td>
<td id="76825DECFFD4002816D2D617FB03FCE2" box="[932,1190,869,895]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">36.5±1.2 (34.8-39.1)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35533490FFD40028144CD6E1FB03FC30" box="[314,1190,915,941]" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<td id="76825DECFFD40028144CD6E1FD00FC30" box="[314,677,915,941]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">c`</td>
<td id="76825DECFFD4002816D2D6E1FB03FC30" box="[932,1190,915,941]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">1.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35533490FFD40028144CD6B0FB03FC41" box="[314,1190,962,988]" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<td id="76825DECFFD40028144CD6B0FD00FC41" box="[314,677,962,988]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">V</td>
<td id="76825DECFFD4002816D2D6B0FB03FC41" box="[932,1190,962,988]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">61.0±1.2 (59.5-63.4)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35533490FFD40028144CD682FB03FB96" box="[314,1190,1008,1035]" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<td id="76825DECFFD40028144CD682FD00FB96" box="[314,677,1008,1035]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">G1</td>
<td id="76825DECFFD4002816D2D682FB03FB96" box="[932,1190,1008,1035]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">12.5±1.5 (9.7-14.3)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35533490FFD40028144CD16DFB03FBFA" box="[314,1190,1055,1127]" gridrow="12" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<td id="76825DECFFD40028144CD16DFD00FBFA" box="[314,677,1055,1127]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">G2 Lip region diameter</td>
<td id="76825DECFFD4002816D2D16DFB03FBFA" box="[932,1190,1055,1127]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">12.3±1.0 (10.9-13.5) 7.7±0.3 (7-8)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35533490FFD40028144CD109FB03FB08" box="[314,1190,1147,1173]" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<td id="76825DECFFD40028144CD109FD00FB08" box="[314,677,1147,1173]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Lip region height</td>
<td id="76825DECFFD4002816D2D109FB03FB08" box="[932,1190,1147,1173]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">2.5±0.4 (2-3)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35533490FFD40028144CD1D8FB03FB59" box="[314,1190,1194,1220]" gridrow="14" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<td id="76825DECFFD40028144CD1D8FD00FB59" box="[314,677,1194,1220]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Amphid aperture</td>
<td id="76825DECFFD4002816D2D1D8FB03FB59" box="[932,1190,1194,1220]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35533490FFD40028144CD1AAFB03FB6F" box="[314,1190,1240,1266]" gridrow="15" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<td id="76825DECFFD40028144CD1AAFD00FB6F" box="[314,677,1240,1266]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Odontostyle length</td>
<td id="76825DECFFD4002816D2D1AAFB03FB6F" box="[932,1190,1240,1266]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">7.5±0.4 (7-8)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35533490FFD40028144CD075FB03FABC" box="[314,1190,1287,1313]" gridrow="16" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<td id="76825DECFFD40028144CD075FD00FABC" box="[314,677,1287,1313]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Odontophore length</td>
<td id="76825DECFFD4002816D2D075FB03FABC" box="[932,1190,1287,1313]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">9.4±0.4 (9-10)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35533490FFD40028144CD047FB03FAD2" box="[314,1190,1333,1359]" gridrow="17" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<td id="76825DECFFD40028144CD047FD00FAD2" box="[314,677,1333,1359]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Guiding ring from anterior end</td>
<td id="76825DECFFD4002816D2D047FB03FAD2" box="[932,1190,1333,1359]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">4.7±0.4 (4-5.5)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35533490FFD40028144CD011FB03FAE0" box="[314,1190,1379,1405]" gridrow="18" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<td id="76825DECFFD40028144CD011FD00FAE0" box="[314,677,1379,1405]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Nerve ring from anterior end</td>
<td id="76825DECFFD4002816D2D011FB03FAE0" box="[932,1190,1379,1405]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">66±2.4 (63-71)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35533490FFD40028144CD0E0FB03FA31" box="[314,1190,1426,1452]" gridrow="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<td id="76825DECFFD40028144CD0E0FD00FA31" box="[314,677,1426,1452]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Neck length</td>
<td id="76825DECFFD4002816D2D0E0FB03FA31" box="[932,1190,1426,1452]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">158.5±9.4 (146-175)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35533490FFD40028144CD0B2FB03FA47" box="[314,1190,1472,1498]" gridrow="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<td id="76825DECFFD40028144CD0B2FD00FA47" box="[314,677,1472,1498]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Expanded part of Pharynx</td>
<td id="76825DECFFD4002816D2D0B2FB03FA47" box="[932,1190,1472,1498]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">66.1±4.3 (61-72)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35533490FFD40028144CD09DFB03F994" box="[314,1190,1519,1545]" gridrow="21" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<td id="76825DECFFD40028144CD09DFD00F994" box="[314,677,1519,1545]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Cardia length</td>
<td id="76825DECFFD4002816D2D09DFB03F994" box="[932,1190,1519,1545]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">5.5±0.7 (5-7)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35533490FFD40028144CD36FFB03F9AA" box="[314,1190,1565,1591]" gridrow="22" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<td id="76825DECFFD40028144CD36FFD00F9AA" box="[314,677,1565,1591]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Anterior genital branch</td>
<td id="76825DECFFD4002816D2D36FFB03F9AA" box="[932,1190,1565,1591]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">80±12.8 (58-95)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35533490FFD40028144CD339FB03F9F8" box="[314,1190,1611,1637]" gridrow="23" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<td id="76825DECFFD40028144CD339FD00F9F8" box="[314,677,1611,1637]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Posterior genital branch</td>
<td id="76825DECFFD4002816D2D339FB03F9F8" box="[932,1190,1611,1637]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">78.2±6.1 (68-87)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35533490FFD40028144CD308FB03F909" box="[314,1190,1658,1684]" gridrow="24" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<td id="76825DECFFD40028144CD308FD00F909" box="[314,677,1658,1684]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Vaginal length</td>
<td id="76825DECFFD4002816D2D308FB03F909" box="[932,1190,1658,1684]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">10±1 (8-11)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35533490FFD40028144CD3DAFB03F95F" box="[314,1190,1704,1730]" gridrow="25" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<td id="76825DECFFD40028144CD3DAFD00F95F" box="[314,677,1704,1730]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Vulva from anterior end</td>
<td id="76825DECFFD4002816D2D3DAFB03F95F" box="[932,1190,1704,1730]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">376.8±28.2 (345-420)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35533490FFD40028144CD3A5FB03F96C" box="[314,1190,1751,1777]" gridrow="26" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<td id="76825DECFFD40028144CD3A5FD00F96C" box="[314,677,1751,1777]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Prerectum length</td>
<td id="76825DECFFD4002816D2D3A5FB03F96C" box="[932,1190,1751,1777]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">48.6±12.9 (31-70)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35533490FFD40028144CD277FB03F882" box="[314,1190,1797,1823]" gridrow="27" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<td id="76825DECFFD40028144CD277FD00F882" box="[314,677,1797,1823]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Rectum length</td>
<td id="76825DECFFD4002816D2D277FB03F882" box="[932,1190,1797,1823]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">15.8±2.3 (13-19)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35533490FFD40028144CD241FB03F8D0" box="[314,1190,1843,1869]" gridrow="28" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<td id="76825DECFFD40028144CD241FD00F8D0" box="[314,677,1843,1869]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Tail length</td>
<td id="76825DECFFD4002816D2D241FB03F8D0" box="[932,1190,1843,1869]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">16.8±0.8 (16-18)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1C665AFFD7FFC515E1D031FAB8FAE5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267757/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" targetBox="[383,1198,199,1316]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="8BDC36D2FFD7FFC515E1D031FAB8FAE5" blockId="18.[151,1435,1347,1400]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
<emphasis id="B917EAC0FFD7FFC515E1D031FCC5FAC4" bold="true" box="[151,864,1347,1369]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
FIGURE 9.
<taxonomicName id="4C634D51FFD7FFC51469D031FCFEFAC4" authority="Dhanam &amp; Jairajpuri, 1999" authorityName="Dhanam &amp; Jairajpuri" authorityYear="1999" box="[287,859,1347,1369]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Tylencholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cosmos">
<emphasis id="B917EAC0FFD7FFC51469D031FDBFFAC4" bold="true" box="[287,538,1347,1369]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Tylencholaimus cosmos</emphasis>
Dhanam &amp; Jairajpuri, 1999
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
A. Entire female; B. Anterior region; C. Anterior end showing amphid; D. Pharyngeal region; E. Pharyngeal bulb; F. Female genital system; G. Female posterior region.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDC36D2FFD7FFC515B1D0EDFE2BFA25" blockId="18.[151,1437,1439,2004]" box="[199,398,1439,1464]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
<emphasis id="B917EAC0FFD7FFC515B1D0EDFEA8FA25" bold="true" box="[199,269,1439,1464]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Male:</emphasis>
Not found.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC36D2FFD7FFC515B1D0B1FA38FA41" blockId="18.[151,1437,1439,2004]" box="[199,1437,1475,1500]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
<emphasis id="B917EAC0FFD7FFC515B1D0B1FE1FFA41" bold="true" box="[199,442,1475,1500]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Habitat and locality.</emphasis>
Soil samples collected from the grassland of the Kaziranga National Park, Assam,
<collectingCountry id="F3747642FFD7FFC5102DD0B1FA3DFA41" box="[1371,1432,1475,1500]" name="India" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">India</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3796559FFD7FFC515B1D095FB87F849" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDC36D2FFD7FFC515B1D095FB87F849" blockId="18.[151,1437,1439,2004]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
<emphasis id="B917EAC0FFD7FFC515B1D095FE9EF99D" bold="true" box="[199,315,1511,1536]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B23FFD7FFC51432D095FD38F99D" author="Dhanam" box="[324,669,1511,1536]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" refString="Dhanam, M. &amp; Jairajpuri, M. S. (1999) New leptonchid nematodes: One new genus and eleven new species from Malnad tracts of Karnataka, India. International Journal of Nematology, 9, 205 - 209." type="journal article" year="1999">Dhanam and Jairajpuri (1999)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="4C634D51FFD7FFC5166DD095FBCFFA62" box="[795,1130,1511,1536]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Amphitylencholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cosmos">
<emphasis id="B917EAC0FFD7FFC5166DD095FBCFFA62" box="[795,1130,1511,1536]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Amphitylencholaimus cosmos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Malnad tracts of Karnataka,
<collectingCountry id="F3747642FFD7FFC5146FD379FEF3F9B9" box="[281,342,1547,1572]" name="India" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">India</collectingCountry>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B23FFD7FFC51414D379FDFCF9B9" author="Pena-Santiago" box="[354,601,1547,1572]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" refString="Pena-Santiago, R. (2008) The genus Tylencholaimus de Man, 1876 (Dorylaimida: Tylencholaimidae), revisited twelve years after. Journal of Nematode Morphology &amp; Systematics, 11, 119 - 128." type="journal article" year="2008">Peña-Santiago (2008)</bibRefCitation>
, not accepting the generic status of
<emphasis id="B917EAC0FFD7FFC51686D379FB4FF9B9" box="[1008,1258,1547,1572]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
<taxonomicName id="4C634D51FFD7FFC51686D379FB43F9B9" box="[1008,1254,1547,1572]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Amphitylencholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Amphitylencholaimus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
transferred this species to
<taxonomicName id="4C634D51FFD7FFC51467D35DFE65F9D5" box="[273,448,1583,1608]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Tylencholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EAC0FFD7FFC51467D35DFE65F9D5" box="[273,448,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Tylencholaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The present specimens, though conforming well with the
<typeStatus id="54D88870FFD7FFC51118D342FB3BF9D5" box="[1134,1182,1584,1608]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">type</typeStatus>
population in general morphology, have a comparatively smaller body size (L= 0.57–0.70
<emphasis id="B917EAC0FFD7FFC516D5D326FC1FF9F6" box="[931,954,1620,1643]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">vs</emphasis>
<quantity id="4C9B9B37FFD7FFC516B4D326FBEAF9F1" box="[962,1103,1620,1644]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" unit="mm" value="0.8" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.7">0.7–0.9 mm</quantity>
), comparatively smaller neck length (146–175
<emphasis id="B917EAC0FFD7FFC5141ED30AFEDAF912" box="[360,383,1656,1679]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">vs</emphasis>
179–207 µm) and shorter tail (16–18
<emphasis id="B917EAC0FFD7FFC5161AD30AFC26F912" box="[876,899,1656,1679]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">vs</emphasis>
19–22 µm).
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B23FFD7FFC51146D305FA39F90D" author="Dhanam" box="[1072,1436,1655,1680]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" refString="Dhanam, M. &amp; Jairajpuri, M. S. (1999) New leptonchid nematodes: One new genus and eleven new species from Malnad tracts of Karnataka, India. International Journal of Nematology, 9, 205 - 209." type="journal article" year="1999">Dhanam and Jairajpuri (1999)</bibRefCitation>
characterized this species as having a weakly non-muscular anterior slender part of pharynx expanding gradually to form the basal part. This is a very unusual feature for
<taxonomicName id="4C634D51FFD7FFC51782D3CDFC06F945" box="[756,931,1727,1752]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Tylencholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EAC0FFD7FFC51782D3CDFC06F945" box="[756,931,1727,1752]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Tylencholaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. All the didelphic species of
<taxonomicName id="4C634D51FFD7FFC5119AD3CDFA3EF945" box="[1260,1435,1727,1752]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Tylencholaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EAC0FFD7FFC5119AD3CDFA3EF945" box="[1260,1435,1727,1752]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Tylencholaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with gradual expansion of pharynx have quite muscular anterior part while those having non-muscular anterior part have sudden expansion (figure 1C of
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B23FFD7FFC51736D275FCCBF8BD" author="Dhanam" box="[576,878,1799,1824]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" refString="Dhanam, M. &amp; Jairajpuri, M. S. (1999) New leptonchid nematodes: One new genus and eleven new species from Malnad tracts of Karnataka, India. International Journal of Nematology, 9, 205 - 209." type="journal article" year="1999">Dhanam &amp; Jairajpuri 1999</bibRefCitation>
also to some extent indicate a sudden expansion. In our specimens also the anterior slender part of pharynx is slender and weakly muscular abruptly expanding to form the basal muscular part. The nature of the amphid is reminiscent of the genera
<taxonomicName id="4C634D51FFD7FFC51124D222FA39F8F5" authority="Siddiqi, 1982" authorityName="Siddiqi" authorityYear="1982" box="[1106,1436,1871,1896]" class="Adenophorea" family="Tylencholaimidae" genus="Promumtazium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EAC0FFD7FFC51124D222FB59F8FA" box="[1106,1276,1872,1895]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Promumtazium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B23FFD7FFC51072D23DFA39F8F5" author="Siddiqi" box="[1284,1436,1871,1896]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" refString="Siddiqi, M. R. (1982) Six new genera of Dorylaimid nematodes. Nematologica, 27 (1981), 397 - 421." type="journal article" year="1982">Siddiqi, 1982</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C634D51FFD7FFC515BFD206FE4FF811" authority="Siddiqi, 1982" authorityName="Siddiqi" authorityYear="1982" box="[201,490,1907,1932]" class="Adenophorea" family="Tylencholaimidae" genus="Tantunema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EAC0FFD7FFC515BFD206FEE0F816" box="[201,325,1908,1931]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Tantunema</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B23FFD7FFC5143BD201FE4FF811" author="Siddiqi" box="[333,490,1907,1932]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" refString="Siddiqi, M. R. (1982) Six new genera of Dorylaimid nematodes. Nematologica, 27 (1981), 397 - 421." type="journal article" year="1982">Siddiqi, 1982</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. As per their figure 1B, the amphid aperture is quite small, about one-third of the corresponding body diameter instead of about half lip region diameter as stated in their description (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B23FFD7FFC5106AD2E5FE9BF849" author="Dhanam" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" refString="Dhanam, M. &amp; Jairajpuri, M. S. (1999) New leptonchid nematodes: One new genus and eleven new species from Malnad tracts of Karnataka, India. International Journal of Nematology, 9, 205 - 209." type="journal article" year="1999">Dhanam &amp; Jairjpuri, 1999</bibRefCitation>
). In the present specimens the amphid aperture is also a small slit.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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