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<document id="8E767E65D9C8BE27912A67FC6F0D15A2" ID-CLB-Dataset="39001" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4114.4.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c1842fc0-8483-47f2-aa73-697840678713" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="271605" ID-ZooBank="8A2A98DF-33B4-4B2C-BA3F-88B49EF3E5D2" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1464158826947" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Huang, Hao &amp; Zhu, Jian-Qing" docDate="2016" docId="03C587E1FFACFFC419CB7964FA2510C8" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4114.4.3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4114 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ahlbergia leei Johnson" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="414" masterDocId="FFFCFF99FFAFFFC1195C7F38FFA1124D" masterDocTitle="Ahlbergia maoweiweii sp. n. from Shaanxi, China with revisional notes on similar species (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)" masterLastPageNumber="433" masterPageNumber="409" pageNumber="412" updateTime="1698662613831" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="5D909578B572C28FD9B5D5ED05636BB4">Ahlbergia maoweiweii sp. n. from Shaanxi, China with revisional notes on similar species (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="609F7124E28E44FB86E9330988A0DF0C">Huang, Hao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B3D43F6B406CAFE4231406D2FDC0CE88">Zhu, Jian-Qing</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="132606F290F2D7692576882092852C7D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3429F615EEB0EA0039FCCD71FE00EAC4">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D1A09EF8ADB1CDEE00AAA7AAC963428C">4114</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03C587E1FFACFFC419CB7964FA2510C8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6080412" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120701325" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6080412" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C587E1FFACFFC419CB7964FA2510C8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587E1FFACFFC419CB7964FA2510C8" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="414" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">
<subSubSection id="C376657CFFACFFC219CB7964FCEE14DA" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD336F7FFACFFC219CB7964FE11143B" blockId="3.[151,847,1628,1687]" box="[151,432,1628,1654]" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">
<heading id="D09B819BFFACFFC219CB7964FE11143B" bold="true" box="[151,432,1628,1654]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFACFFC219CB7964FE11143B" authority="Johnson" authorityName="Johnson" box="[151,432,1628,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leei">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFACFFC219CB7964FE11143B" bold="true" box="[151,432,1628,1654]" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFACFFC219CB7964FEE0143B" bold="true" box="[151,321,1628,1654]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">Ahlbergia leei</emphasis>
Johnson
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336F7FFACFFC219CB7946FCEE14DA" blockId="3.[151,847,1628,1687]" box="[151,847,1662,1687]" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">
(
<figureCitation id="13572A72FFACFFC219C37946FE8714DA" box="[159,294,1662,1687]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 15" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1876,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 15. Habitus of Ahlbergia males at same scale. 1 – 6 — A. maoweiweii; 1 – 4 — paratypes; 5 – 6 — holotype. 7 – 8 — A. frivaldszkyi, Chang’an, Shaanxi. 9 – 10 — A. luoliangi, holotype, Chang’an. 11 – 12 — A. leei ssp., Chang’an. 13 — A. ferrea, Liaoning. 14 — A. tricaudata tricaudata, Liaoning. 15 — A. tricaudata confusa, paratype, Nanjing. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 — upperside; 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 — underside; 13 – 15 — upperside (left half) and underside (right half)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271606/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">Figs. 11–12</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13572A72FFACFFC2186D7946FE6F14DA" box="[305,462,1662,1687]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 45" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1848,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1828]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 45. Habitus of Ahlbergia females at same scale. 31 – 34 — A. maoweiweii, paratypes. 35 – 36 — A. leei, Liaoning; 41 – 42 — A. leei ssp., Ningshan, Shaanxi. 37 – 38 — A. frivaldszkyi; 37 — Tianjin; 38 — Chang’an, Shaanxi. 39 – 40 — A. luoliangi, paratype, Chang’an. 43 — A. ferrea, Liaoning. 44 — A. tricaudata tricaudata, Liaoning. 45 — A. tricaudata confusa, holotype, Nanjing. 31, 33, 35, 39, 41 — upperside; 32, 34, 36, 40, 42 — underside; 37 – 38, 43 – 45 — upperside (left half) and underside (right half)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271608/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">35–36, 41–42</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13572A72FFACFFC218857947FE5614DA" box="[473,503,1663,1687]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 80" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1833,1856]" captionTargetBox="[179,1398,193,1787]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[179,1399,193,1788]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 80. Male genitalia of Ahlbergia taxa at same scale, consisting of entire genitalia in lateral view (G), of dorsum in dorsal view (D), of ring in ventral view with valvae and aedeagus removed (R.), of valvae in ventral view (V), and of distal tip of phallus in dorsal view to show cornuti (C). 76 — A. maoweiweii, holotype (Figs. 5 – 6); 77 — A. frivaldszkyi, Chang’an, Shaanxi; 78 — A. leei ssp., Chang’an (Figs. 11 – 12); 79 — A. tricaudata tricaudata, Liaoning (Fig. 14); 80 — A. ferrea, Liaoning (Fig. 13). (G, D, R, V at same scale as shown in 80; C at same scale as shown in 80; red arrows directed to important characters mentioned in text)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271610/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">78</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13572A72FFACFFC21B5F7947FDEC14DA" box="[515,589,1663,1687]" captionStart="FIGURES 81 – 85" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1816,1839]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,208,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1795]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 81 – 85. Male genitalia of Ahlbergia taxa at same scale, consisting of entire genitalia in lateral view (G), of dorsum in dorsal view (D), of ring in ventral view with valvae and aedeagus removed (R.), of valvae in ventral view (V), and of distal tip of phallus in dorsal view to show cornuti (C). 81 — A. tricaudata confusa, paratype (Fig. 15); 82 – 84 — A. leei ssp., Chang’an; 85 — A. frivaldszkyi, Tianjin. (G, D, R, V at same scale as shown in 81; C at same scale as shown in 81; red arrows directed to important characters mentioned in text)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271611/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">82–84</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13572A72FFACFFC21B047946FDD714DA" box="[600,630,1662,1687]" captionStart="FIGURES 86 – 93" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1840,1863]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1819]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 86 – 93. Male genitalia of Ahlbergia taxa. 86 – 88 — hand-drawings reproduced from Johnson (1992), consisting of enlarged tip of phallus to show cornuti, entire genitalia in ventral view to show valvae, and valvae in lateral view; 86 — A. leei, holotype; 87 — A. tricaudata, holotype; 88 — A. frivaldszkyi aquilonaria, holotype. 89 – 93 — photos consisting of enlarged tip of phallus in dorsal view, entire genitalia in lateral view, valvae in ventral view and ring in ventral view; 89 — A. luoliangi, holotype (Figs. 9 – 10); 90 – 91 — A. clarolinea, paratypes, Ludian, Lijiang; 92 – 93 — A. chalcidis, Ludian, Lijiang. (Red arrows directed to important characters mentioned in text)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271612/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">86</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13572A72FFACFFC21BDD7946FD7614DA" box="[641,727,1662,1687]" captionStart="FIGURES 94 – 104" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1462,1485]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1441]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,1442]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 94 – 104. Female genitalia of Ahlbergia taxa in lateral view at same scale. 94 — A. maoweiweii, paratype (Figs. 31 – 32); 95 — A. leei, Liaoning (Figs. 35 – 36); 96 — A. ferrea, Liaoning (Fig. 43); 97 — A. tricaudata confusa, holotype (Fig. 45); 98 — A. luoliangi, paratype (Figs. 39 – 40); 99 — A. frivaldszkyi, Shaanxi (Fig. 38); 100 — A. frivaldszkyi, Tianjin (Fig. 37); 101 — A. leei ssp., Shaanxi (Figs. 41 – 42); 102 — A. chalcidis, Lijiang; 103 — A. chalybeia, Jiulong (Figs. 69 – 70); 104 — A. clarolinea, holotype (Figs. 63 – 64)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271613/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">95, 101</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13572A72FFACFFC21BBF7946FCE714DA" box="[739,838,1662,1687]" captionStart="FIGURES 105 – 129" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1786,1809]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,193,1765]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 105 – 129. Female genitalia of Ahlbergia taxa in ventral view at same scale (except for 109). 105 — A. maoweiweii, paratype (Figs. 31 – 32); 106 — A. ferrea, Liaoning (Fig. 43); 107 — A. luoliangi, paratype (Figs. 39 – 40); 108 — A. clarolinea, holotype (Figs. 63 – 64); 109 — A. chalybeia, lectotype, after Johnson (1992); 110 — A. chalybeia, Jiulong (Figs. 69 – 70); 111 — A. chalcidis, Lijiang; 112 — A. frivaldszkyi, Shaanxi (Fig. 38); 113 — A. tricaudata confusa, holotype (Fig. 45); 114 — A. tricaudata tricaudata, Liaoning (Fig. 44); 115 — A. tricaudata ssp., Shaanxi; 116 – 121, 126 – 129 — A. frivaldszkyi; 116 – 118, 127 – 129 — Shaanxi; 119 — Kangxian, Gansu (Figs. 48 – 49); 120 — Huixian, Gansu (Figs. 52 – 53); 121 — Wenxian, Gansu (Figs. 50 – 51); 126 — Tianjin (Fig. 37); 122 – 125 — A. leei; 122 — Liaoning (Figs. 35 – 36); 123 — Shaanxi (Figs. 41 – 42); 124 – 125 — Shaanxi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271614/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">122–125</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C376657CFFACFFC219CB79FEFE2F1575" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BD336F7FFACFFC219CB79FEFDCD14B6" blockId="3.[151,1436,1734,1848]" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7C11D9FFACFFC219CB79FEFDCD14B6" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFACFFC219CB79FEFE491491" authority="Johnson, 1992: 25" authorityName="Johnson" authorityPageNumber="25" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,488,1734,1756]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leei">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFACFFC219CB79FEFE871491" box="[151,294,1734,1756]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">Ahlbergia leei</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0ACD10E6FFACFFC2187179FEFE491491" author="Johnson" box="[301,488,1734,1756]" page="25" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B06FFACFFC2187179FEFE621491" author="Johnson" box="[301,451,1734,1756]" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" refString="Johnson, K. (1992) The Palaearctic &quot; Elfin &quot; Butterflies (Lycaenidae, Theclinae). Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 29, 1 - 141." type="journal article" year="1992">Johnson, 1992</bibRefCitation>
: 25
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs. 12–13 for genitalia, fig. 63 for male
<typeStatus id="54D78855FFACFFC21AC579FEFC551491" box="[921,1012,1734,1756]" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, TL:
<collectingCountry id="F37B7667FFACFFC21D7679FEFBCB1491" box="[1066,1130,1734,1756]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">China</collectingCountry>
; Tshikolovets
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFACFFC21DA079F0FA881491" box="[1276,1321,1734,1757]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">et al</emphasis>
., 2002: 94, synonymy for
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFACFFC2180679DEFDC714B6" box="[346,614,1765,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="frivaldszkyi" subSpecies="frivaldszkyi">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFACFFC2180679DEFDC714B6" box="[346,614,1765,1787]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">A. frivaldszkyi frivaldszkyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336F7FFACFFC219CB783CFE2F1575" blockId="3.[151,1436,1734,1848]" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFACFFC219CB783CFD201557" authority="Matsuda &amp; Bae, 1998" authorityName="Matsuda &amp; Bae" authorityYear="1998" box="[151,641,1796,1818]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Callophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frivaldszkyi">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFACFFC219CB783CFE241557" box="[151,389,1796,1818]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">Callophrys frivaldszkyi</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B06FFACFFC218CA783CFD201557" author="Matsuda" box="[406,641,1796,1818]" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" refString="Matsuda, S. &amp; Bae, Y. S. (1998) Systematic study on the &quot; Elfin &quot; butterflies, Callophrys frivaldszkyi and C. ferrea (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae), from the Far East. Transactions of the Lepidopterological Society of Japan, 49 (1), 53 - 64." type="journal article" year="1998">Matsuda &amp; Bae, 1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: fig. 11 for female from Mt. Cheonma,
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFACFFC21D77783DFBCA1557" box="[1067,1131,1797,1818]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="432" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="korea">
<collectingCountry id="F37B7667FFACFFC21D77783DFBCA1557" box="[1067,1131,1797,1818]" name="South Korea" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">Korea</collectingCountry>
</taxonomicName>
, fig. 35 for female genitalia. (Misidentification).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C376657CFFACFFC419CB785DFBDF1299" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="414" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD336F7FFACFFC219CB785DFDBF15A7" blockId="3.[151,1436,1893,2026]" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFACFFC219CB785DFF5E1533" bold="true" box="[151,255,1893,1918]" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">Material</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="F37B7667FFACFFC2184C785EFECC1533" box="[272,365,1894,1918]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">CHINA</collectingCountry>
: Liaoning Province: 1♀ (CHH), Anshan City, Mt. Qianshan,
<date id="FFD21037FFACFFC21D69785EFB261533" box="[1077,1159,1894,1918]" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" value="2012-05">V.2012</date>
, Q.-Y. Xu leg.; Shaanxi Province: 5♂♂ (
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE32FFACFFC2180E78B2FE3B15EF" box="[338,410,1930,1954]" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">CLYF</collectionCode>
, CHH), 4♀♀ (
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE32FFACFFC21B1D78B2FD2815EF" box="[577,649,1930,1954]" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">CLYF</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE32FFACFFC21BC978B2FD5B15EF" box="[661,762,1930,1954]" pageId="3" pageNumber="412">CMWW</collectionCode>
), Xi’an City, Chang’an County, Ziwuzhen, Baolongyu,
<quantity id="4C949B12FFACFFC21C2E78B2FF0E1588" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFD21037FFACFFC219E67896FE8B158B" box="[186,298,1966,1990]" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" value="2012-04-08">8.IV.2012</date>
, Y.-F. Li leg.; 1♀ (CHH), Ningshan County, Xun-yang-ba, Yue-he-ping,
<quantity id="4C949B12FFACFFC21D087895FB511588" box="[1108,1264,1965,1990]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" unit="m" value="1650.0" valueMax="1800.0" valueMin="1500.0">1500–1800 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFD21037FFACFFC21DA77896FAD0158B" box="[1275,1393,1966,1990]" pageId="3" pageNumber="412" value="2012-05-20">20.V.2012</date>
, Y.- F. Li leg.. All specimens dissected.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336F7FFABFFC5199B7FAFFDDA1071" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC5199B7FAFFED112FD" bold="true" box="[199,368,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">Identification.</emphasis>
In original description (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B06FFABFFC51BD47FAFFC8A12FD" author="Johnson" box="[648,811,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" refString="Johnson, K. (1992) The Palaearctic &quot; Elfin &quot; Butterflies (Lycaenidae, Theclinae). Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 29, 1 - 141." type="journal article" year="1992">Johnson 1992</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51A1C7FA0FC2A12FD" box="[832,907,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leei">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51A1C7FA0FC2A12FD" box="[832,907,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. leei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was placed in a group composed of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51C6B7FA0FE9C1298" authority="Butler, 1866" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1866" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrea">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51C6B7FA0FA3D12FD" box="[1335,1436,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. ferrea</emphasis>
(Butler, 1866)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC518127F84FDC71299" authority="Johnson, 1992" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1992" box="[334,614,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="korea">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC518127F84FE131299" box="[334,434,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. korea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B06FFABFFC518E37F84FDC71299" author="Johnson" box="[447,614,188,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" refString="Johnson, K. (1992) The Palaearctic &quot; Elfin &quot; Butterflies (Lycaenidae, Theclinae). Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 29, 1 - 141." type="journal article" year="1992">Johnson, 1992</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51BF47F84FC7D1299" authority="Johnson, 1992" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1992" box="[680,988,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arquata">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51BF47F84FC841299" box="[680,805,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. arquata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B06FFABFFC51A6E7F84FC7D1299" author="Johnson" box="[818,988,188,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" refString="Johnson, K. (1992) The Palaearctic &quot; Elfin &quot; Butterflies (Lycaenidae, Theclinae). Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 29, 1 - 141." type="journal article" year="1992">Johnson, 1992</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, despite its extreme similarities to
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51CD87F84FEB912B5" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Callophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frivaldszkyi">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51CD87F84FEB912B5" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. frivaldszkyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The characters stated under his “Diagnosis” heading do not help in identifying this species at all. Though
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B06FFABFFC519A97E3CFE031351" author="Johnson" box="[245,418,260,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" refString="Johnson, K. (1992) The Palaearctic &quot; Elfin &quot; Butterflies (Lycaenidae, Theclinae). Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 29, 1 - 141." type="journal article" year="1992">Johnson (1992)</bibRefCitation>
clearly stated that specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51A4C7E3CFCF61351" box="[784,855,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leei">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51A4C7E3CFCF61351" box="[784,855,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. leei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
stand out of those of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51D167E3CFB4B1351" box="[1098,1258,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Callophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frivaldszkyi">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51D167E3CFB4B1351" box="[1098,1258,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. frivaldszkyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
“by their larger size and much darker upper and under surfaces”, such specific division between the two species is not convincing. Moreover, the male
<typeStatus id="54D78855FFABFFC518267E74FE7D1328" box="[378,476,332,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51B5E7E74FDEB1329" box="[514,586,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leei">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51B5E7E74FDEB1329" box="[514,586,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. leei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B06FFABFFC51B047E74FC271328" author="Johnson" box="[600,902,332,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" refString="Johnson, K. (1992) The Palaearctic &quot; Elfin &quot; Butterflies (Lycaenidae, Theclinae). Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 29, 1 - 141." type="journal article" year="1992">Johnson 1992: 113, fig. 63</bibRefCitation>
) is figured repeatedly as a topotypic male of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51CD87E74FE0013C5" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Callophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="frivaldszkyi" subSpecies="frivaldszkyi">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51CD87E74FE0013C5" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. frivaldszkyi frivaldszkyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the same publication (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B06FFABFFC51B9C7E57FBA213C5" author="Johnson" box="[704,1027,367,392]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" refString="Johnson, K. (1992) The Palaearctic &quot; Elfin &quot; Butterflies (Lycaenidae, Theclinae). Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 29, 1 - 141." type="journal article" year="1992">Johnson 1992: 119, fig. 70B</bibRefCitation>
) due to an unknown error. All these make a correct identification for specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51BE27EACFCA813E1" box="[702,777,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leei">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51BE27EACFCA813E1" box="[702,777,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. leei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nearly impossible, and all the subsequent authors made mistakes in identifying
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC518ED7E80FC86139D" authority="Matsuda &amp; Bae (1998)" authorityName="Matsuda &amp; Bae" authorityYear="1998" box="[433,807,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leei">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC518ED7E80FE5F139D" box="[433,510,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. leei</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B06FFABFFC51B4F7E8FFC86139D" author="Matsuda" box="[531,807,439,464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" refString="Matsuda, S. &amp; Bae, Y. S. (1998) Systematic study on the &quot; Elfin &quot; butterflies, Callophrys frivaldszkyi and C. ferrea (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae), from the Far East. Transactions of the Lepidopterological Society of Japan, 49 (1), 53 - 64." type="journal article" year="1998">Matsuda &amp; Bae (1998)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
erroneously identified a female of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51D8A7E80FA85139D" box="[1238,1316,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leei">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51D8A7E80FA85139D" box="[1238,1316,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. leei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Mt. Cheonma,
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC5184F7EE5FEF613B9" box="[275,343,477,500]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="432" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="korea">
<collectingCountry id="F37B7667FFABFFC5184F7EE5FEF613B9" box="[275,343,477,500]" name="South Korea" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">Korea</collectingCountry>
</taxonomicName>
as
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC518DF7EE4FD8713B9" box="[387,550,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Callophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frivaldszkyi">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC518DF7EE4FD8713B9" box="[387,550,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. frivaldszkyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Tshikolovets
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51B8D7EE5FCA413B9" box="[721,773,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">et al</emphasis>
. (2002) simply treated
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51D447EE4FBC213B9" box="[1048,1123,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leei">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51D447EE4FBC213B9" box="[1048,1123,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. leei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51CD87EE4FE001055" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Callophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="frivaldszkyi" subSpecies="frivaldszkyi">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51CD87EE4FE001055" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. frivaldszkyi frivaldszkyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B06FFABFFC518EC7D38FD0C1055" author="Huang" box="[432,685,511,536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" refString="Huang, H. &amp; Song, K. (2006) New or little known elfin lycaenids from Shaanxi, China. Atalanta, 37 (1 / 2), 161 - 167." type="journal article" year="2006">Huang &amp; Song (2006)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B06FFABFFC51BB97D38FC401055" author="Huang" box="[741,993,511,536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" refString="Huang, H. &amp; Zhan, C. - H. (2006) A new species of Ahlbergia Bryk, 1946 from Guangdong, SE China. Atalanta, 37 (1 / 2), 168 - 174." type="journal article" year="2006">Huang &amp; Zhan (2006)</bibRefCitation>
erroneously identified specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51CD87D38FEB91071" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Callophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frivaldszkyi">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51CD87D38FEB91071" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. frivaldszkyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Shaanxi,
<collectingCountry id="F37B7667FFABFFC518987D1CFDA61070" box="[452,519,548,573]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">China</collectingCountry>
as
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51B717D1CFDD51071" box="[557,628,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leei">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51B717D1CFDD51071" box="[557,628,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. leei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336F7FFABFFC5199B7D7FFC1010EA" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">
Nevertheless,
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B06FFABFFC518367D7FFDBD102D" author="Johnson" box="[362,540,583,608]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" refString="Johnson, K. (1992) The Palaearctic &quot; Elfin &quot; Butterflies (Lycaenidae, Theclinae). Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 29, 1 - 141." type="journal article" year="1992">Johnson (1992)</bibRefCitation>
was correct in recognizing
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51A357D70FC15102D" box="[873,948,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leei">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51A357D70FC15102D" box="[873,948,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. leei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a species distinct from
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51DAB7D70FA3D102D" box="[1271,1436,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Callophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frivaldszkyi">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51DAB7D70FA3D102D" box="[1271,1436,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. frivaldszkyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
though he failed to express his conclusion clearly. The
<typeStatus id="54D78855FFABFFC51A517D54FCCE10C8" box="[781,879,620,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51ACB7D54FC7E10C9" box="[919,991,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leei">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51ACB7D54FC7E10C9" box="[919,991,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. leei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses the following two important male characters, the second of which is not shared with
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51A557DA8FC0810E5" box="[777,937,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Callophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frivaldszkyi">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51A557DA8FC0810E5" box="[777,937,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. frivaldszkyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336F7FFABFFC5199B7D8CFABA1080" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1307,692,717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">
1) Both wings on upperside without extensive greyish blue suffusion (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B06FFABFFC51A847D8CFAAC1080" author="Johnson" box="[984,1293,692,717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" refString="Johnson, K. (1992) The Palaearctic &quot; Elfin &quot; Butterflies (Lycaenidae, Theclinae). Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 29, 1 - 141." type="journal article" year="1992">Johnson, 1992: 113, fig. 63</bibRefCitation>
);
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336F7FFABFFC5199B7DE0FD751158" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">
2) Lower (terminal) cornutus of phallus disc-like and markedly wider than upper (basal) cornutus, appearing minutely serrate along two parallel edges (
<figureCitation id="13572A72FFABFFC51B2F7DC4FD661158" box="[627,711,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 86 – 93" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1840,1863]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1819]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 86 – 93. Male genitalia of Ahlbergia taxa. 86 – 88 — hand-drawings reproduced from Johnson (1992), consisting of enlarged tip of phallus to show cornuti, entire genitalia in ventral view to show valvae, and valvae in lateral view; 86 — A. leei, holotype; 87 — A. tricaudata, holotype; 88 — A. frivaldszkyi aquilonaria, holotype. 89 – 93 — photos consisting of enlarged tip of phallus in dorsal view, entire genitalia in lateral view, valvae in ventral view and ring in ventral view; 89 — A. luoliangi, holotype (Figs. 9 – 10); 90 – 91 — A. clarolinea, paratypes, Ludian, Lijiang; 92 – 93 — A. chalcidis, Ludian, Lijiang. (Red arrows directed to important characters mentioned in text)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271612/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">Fig. 86</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336F7FFABFFC5199B7C27FB0311A1" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">
All of the
<typeStatus id="54D78855FFABFFC518677C18FECA1175" box="[315,363,800,824]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">type</typeStatus>
specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51B527C18FDF41175" box="[526,597,800,824]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leei">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51B527C18FDF41175" box="[526,597,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. leei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were declared to be dissected by
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B06FFABFFC51A8F7C27FB111175" author="Johnson" box="[979,1200,799,824]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" refString="Johnson, K. (1992) The Palaearctic &quot; Elfin &quot; Butterflies (Lycaenidae, Theclinae). Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 29, 1 - 141." type="journal article" year="1992">Johnson (1992: 26)</bibRefCitation>
. Five males and four females of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC518447C7CFEC31111" box="[280,354,836,860]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leei">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC518447C7CFEC31111" box="[280,354,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. leei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Chang’an, Shaanxi have been examined by the first author; all of the males possess the above-mentioned male characters for
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51B0D7C50FD3C11CD" box="[593,669,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leei">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51B0D7C50FD3C11CD" box="[593,669,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. leei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with little individual variation (
<figureCitation id="13572A72FFABFFC51D7F7C5FFB2411CD" box="[1059,1157,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 80" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1833,1856]" captionTargetBox="[179,1398,193,1787]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[179,1399,193,1788]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 80. Male genitalia of Ahlbergia taxa at same scale, consisting of entire genitalia in lateral view (G), of dorsum in dorsal view (D), of ring in ventral view with valvae and aedeagus removed (R.), of valvae in ventral view (V), and of distal tip of phallus in dorsal view to show cornuti (C). 76 — A. maoweiweii, holotype (Figs. 5 – 6); 77 — A. frivaldszkyi, Chang’an, Shaanxi; 78 — A. leei ssp., Chang’an (Figs. 11 – 12); 79 — A. tricaudata tricaudata, Liaoning (Fig. 14); 80 — A. ferrea, Liaoning (Fig. 13). (G, D, R, V at same scale as shown in 80; C at same scale as shown in 80; red arrows directed to important characters mentioned in text)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271610/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">Figs. 78</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13572A72FFABFFC51DCA7C50FB4111CD" box="[1174,1248,872,896]" captionStart="FIGURES 81 – 85" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1816,1839]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,208,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1795]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 81 – 85. Male genitalia of Ahlbergia taxa at same scale, consisting of entire genitalia in lateral view (G), of dorsum in dorsal view (D), of ring in ventral view with valvae and aedeagus removed (R.), of valvae in ventral view (V), and of distal tip of phallus in dorsal view to show cornuti (C). 81 — A. tricaudata confusa, paratype (Fig. 15); 82 – 84 — A. leei ssp., Chang’an; 85 — A. frivaldszkyi, Tianjin. (G, D, R, V at same scale as shown in 81; C at same scale as shown in 81; red arrows directed to important characters mentioned in text)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271611/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">82–84</figureCitation>
). The details of cornuti in male genitalia prove to be reliable characters in distinguishing species in certain group. A good number of specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC5180F7C88FE541185" box="[339,501,944,968]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Callophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frivaldszkyi">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC5180F7C88FE541185" box="[339,501,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. frivaldszkyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected from various Chinese localities have been dissected for a comparison in male genitalia and none of them possesses the above-mentioned genital character for
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51D0F7CECFB3B11A1" box="[1107,1178,980,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leei">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51D0F7CECFB3B11A1" box="[1107,1178,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. leei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336F7FFABFFC5199B7CC0FDD11630" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">
However, wing colouration may not be a constantly reliable character in separating
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51D377CC0FB10165D" box="[1131,1201,1016,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leei">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51D377CC0FB10165D" box="[1131,1201,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. leei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51DA97CC0FA34165D" box="[1269,1429,1016,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Callophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frivaldszkyi">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51DA97CC0FA34165D" box="[1269,1429,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. frivaldszkyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as some males of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC518387B24FDA41679" box="[356,517,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Callophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frivaldszkyi">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC518387B24FDA41679" box="[356,517,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. frivaldszkyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lack the extensive blue scales as in
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51AFF7B24FC4D1679" box="[931,1004,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leei">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51AFF7B24FC4D1679" box="[931,1004,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. leei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, though most males of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51DA67B24FA3D1679" box="[1274,1436,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Callophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frivaldszkyi">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51DA67B24FA3D1679" box="[1274,1436,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. frivaldszkyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have an extensive greyish blue suffusion on the wing uppersides. Thus a stable identification of male
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51C5F7B78FAEA1615" box="[1283,1355,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leei">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51C5F7B78FAEA1615" box="[1283,1355,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. leei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be based on a dissection of male genitalia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336F7FFABFFC5199B7BBFFDD31740" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">
Examination of female genitalia for the above-mentioned specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51AAD7BB0FB9816ED" box="[1009,1081,1160,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leei">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51AAD7BB0FB9816ED" box="[1009,1081,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. leei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Chang’an also confirmed that Johnson’s (1992) association of male
<typeStatus id="54D78855FFABFFC51B287B94FD771688" box="[628,726,1196,1221]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and female allotype for
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51AB17B94FB941689" box="[1005,1077,1196,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leei">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51AB17B94FB941689" box="[1005,1077,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. leei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was correct. The ductus bursae of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC519E57BE8FEA516A5" box="[185,260,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leei">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC519E57BE8FEA516A5" box="[185,260,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. leei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13572A72FFABFFC5184B7BF7FE1C16A5" box="[279,445,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURES 105 – 129" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1786,1809]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,193,1765]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 105 – 129. Female genitalia of Ahlbergia taxa in ventral view at same scale (except for 109). 105 — A. maoweiweii, paratype (Figs. 31 – 32); 106 — A. ferrea, Liaoning (Fig. 43); 107 — A. luoliangi, paratype (Figs. 39 – 40); 108 — A. clarolinea, holotype (Figs. 63 – 64); 109 — A. chalybeia, lectotype, after Johnson (1992); 110 — A. chalybeia, Jiulong (Figs. 69 – 70); 111 — A. chalcidis, Lijiang; 112 — A. frivaldszkyi, Shaanxi (Fig. 38); 113 — A. tricaudata confusa, holotype (Fig. 45); 114 — A. tricaudata tricaudata, Liaoning (Fig. 44); 115 — A. tricaudata ssp., Shaanxi; 116 – 121, 126 – 129 — A. frivaldszkyi; 116 – 118, 127 – 129 — Shaanxi; 119 — Kangxian, Gansu (Figs. 48 – 49); 120 — Huixian, Gansu (Figs. 52 – 53); 121 — Wenxian, Gansu (Figs. 50 – 51); 126 — Tianjin (Fig. 37); 122 – 125 — A. leei; 122 — Liaoning (Figs. 35 – 36); 123 — Shaanxi (Figs. 41 – 42); 124 – 125 — Shaanxi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271614/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">Figs. 123–125</figureCitation>
) is constantly a little longer than that of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51AFF7BE8FBE716A5" box="[931,1094,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Callophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frivaldszkyi">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51AFF7BE8FBE716A5" box="[931,1094,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. frivaldszkyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13572A72FFABFFC51D057BF7FAD316A5" box="[1113,1394,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURES 105 – 129" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1786,1809]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,193,1765]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 105 – 129. Female genitalia of Ahlbergia taxa in ventral view at same scale (except for 109). 105 — A. maoweiweii, paratype (Figs. 31 – 32); 106 — A. ferrea, Liaoning (Fig. 43); 107 — A. luoliangi, paratype (Figs. 39 – 40); 108 — A. clarolinea, holotype (Figs. 63 – 64); 109 — A. chalybeia, lectotype, after Johnson (1992); 110 — A. chalybeia, Jiulong (Figs. 69 – 70); 111 — A. chalcidis, Lijiang; 112 — A. frivaldszkyi, Shaanxi (Fig. 38); 113 — A. tricaudata confusa, holotype (Fig. 45); 114 — A. tricaudata tricaudata, Liaoning (Fig. 44); 115 — A. tricaudata ssp., Shaanxi; 116 – 121, 126 – 129 — A. frivaldszkyi; 116 – 118, 127 – 129 — Shaanxi; 119 — Kangxian, Gansu (Figs. 48 – 49); 120 — Huixian, Gansu (Figs. 52 – 53); 121 — Wenxian, Gansu (Figs. 50 – 51); 126 — Tianjin (Fig. 37); 122 – 125 — A. leei; 122 — Liaoning (Figs. 35 – 36); 123 — Shaanxi (Figs. 41 – 42); 124 – 125 — Shaanxi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271614/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">Figs. 116–121, 126–129</figureCitation>
) as illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B06FFABFFC5186D7BCCFDCF1740" author="Johnson" box="[305,622,1268,1293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" refString="Johnson, K. (1992) The Palaearctic &quot; Elfin &quot; Butterflies (Lycaenidae, Theclinae). Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 29, 1 - 141." type="journal article" year="1992">Johnson (1992: figs. 13, 25)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336F7FFABFFC5199B7A2FFB761402" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">
The question arises whether the
<typeStatus id="54D78855FFABFFC51B197A20FDD4177D" box="[581,629,1304,1328]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">type</typeStatus>
material of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51A557A20FC0C177D" box="[777,941,1304,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Callophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frivaldszkyi">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51A557A20FC0C177D" box="[777,941,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. frivaldszkyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is conspecific with that of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51DA87A20FA9E177D" box="[1268,1343,1304,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leei">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51DA87A20FA9E177D" box="[1268,1343,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. leei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. For
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51CD87A20FD8C1719" authority="Matsuda &amp; Bae (1998)" authorityName="Matsuda &amp; Bae" authorityYear="1998" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Callophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frivaldszkyi">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51CD87A20FEB91719" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. frivaldszkyi</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B06FFABFFC5187B7A04FD8C1719" author="Matsuda" box="[295,557,1340,1365]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" refString="Matsuda, S. &amp; Bae, Y. S. (1998) Systematic study on the &quot; Elfin &quot; butterflies, Callophrys frivaldszkyi and C. ferrea (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae), from the Far East. Transactions of the Lepidopterological Society of Japan, 49 (1), 53 - 64." type="journal article" year="1998">Matsuda &amp; Bae (1998)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
selected a female specimen in
<typeStatus id="54D78855FFABFFC51ACE7A05FC631718" box="[914,962,1341,1365]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">type</typeStatus>
series kept in the Zoologisches Museum, Humboldt University, Berlin as
<typeStatus id="54D78855FFABFFC51B587A67FDCA1735" box="[516,619,1375,1400]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
and a male as
<typeStatus id="54D78855FFABFFC51A447A67FC121735" box="[792,947,1375,1400]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
. Though these two specimens have not yet been dissected for a genital examination, the photos (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B06FFABFFC51BAD7ABCFBCF17D1" author="Matsuda" box="[753,1134,1412,1437]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" refString="Matsuda, S. &amp; Bae, Y. S. (1998) Systematic study on the &quot; Elfin &quot; butterflies, Callophrys frivaldszkyi and C. ferrea (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae), from the Far East. Transactions of the Lepidopterological Society of Japan, 49 (1), 53 - 64." type="journal article" year="1998">Matsuda &amp; Bae, 1998: figs. 9–10</bibRefCitation>
) clearly show a diagnostic character for
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC518667A90FE40178D" box="[314,481,1448,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Callophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frivaldszkyi">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC518667A90FE40178D" box="[314,481,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. frivaldszkyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC518A47A91FD97178D" box="[504,566,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B06FFABFFC51B187A9FFD4F178D" author="Johnson" box="[580,750,1447,1472]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" refString="Johnson, K. (1992) The Palaearctic &quot; Elfin &quot; Butterflies (Lycaenidae, Theclinae). Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 29, 1 - 141." type="journal article" year="1992">Johnson, 1992</bibRefCitation>
) in possessing the extensive blue suffusion on the wing uppersides of the males. It should be noted that all males of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51A657AF4FC2117A9" box="[825,896,1484,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leei">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51A657AF4FC2117A9" box="[825,896,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. leei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
so far examined have no extensive greyish blue suffusion on the wing uppersides.
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B06FFABFFC51B427AD7FD6C1445" author="Johnson" box="[542,717,1519,1544]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" refString="Johnson, K. (1992) The Palaearctic &quot; Elfin &quot; Butterflies (Lycaenidae, Theclinae). Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 29, 1 - 141." type="journal article" year="1992">Johnson (1992)</bibRefCitation>
dissected topotypic specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51D097AC8FB571445" box="[1109,1270,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Callophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frivaldszkyi">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51D097AC8FB571445" box="[1109,1270,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. frivaldszkyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in both sexes, which have genitalia in common with specimens from other areas identified as
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51D65792CFB7C1461" box="[1081,1245,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Callophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frivaldszkyi">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51D65792CFB7C1461" box="[1081,1245,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. frivaldszkyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51DAC792DFA8F1461" box="[1264,1326,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B06FFABFFC51C65792CFF72141D" author="Johnson" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" refString="Johnson, K. (1992) The Palaearctic &quot; Elfin &quot; Butterflies (Lycaenidae, Theclinae). Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 29, 1 - 141." type="journal article" year="1992">Johnson, 1992</bibRefCitation>
). Therefore, it is believed that the
<typeStatus id="54D78855FFABFFC51B0F7900FD22141D" box="[595,643,1592,1616]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">type</typeStatus>
specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51A787900FC65141D" box="[804,964,1592,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Callophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frivaldszkyi">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51A787900FC65141D" box="[804,964,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. frivaldszkyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
do not belong to
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51DD57900FB71141D" box="[1161,1232,1592,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leei">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51DD57900FB71141D" box="[1161,1232,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. leei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336F7FFABFFC5199B7964FF4515F4" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC5199B7964FE721438" bold="true" box="[199,467,1628,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">Diagnostic characters.</emphasis>
For all populations, only a dissection can help in identifying
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51DCA7964FB411439" box="[1174,1248,1628,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leei">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51DCA7964FB411439" box="[1174,1248,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. leei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
correctly, as the external features of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC5182379B8FE6814D5" box="[383,457,1664,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leei">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC5182379B8FE6814D5" box="[383,457,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. leei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be confused with those of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51A6779B8FC7F14D5" box="[827,990,1664,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Callophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frivaldszkyi">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51A6779B8FC7F14D5" box="[827,990,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. frivaldszkyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51D4779B8FB1314D5" box="[1051,1202,1664,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricaudata" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51D4779B8FB1314D5" box="[1051,1202,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. tricaudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22B579EFFABFFC51DE079B8FABC14DA" box="[1212,1309,1664,1687]" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(discussed below). The following combination of genital characters are unique for
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51AE8799CFC5A14F1" box="[948,1019,1700,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leei">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51AE8799CFC5A14F1" box="[948,1019,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. leei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 1) lower cornutus of phallus in male genitalia broader than in
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC518EF79F0FDE914AD" box="[435,584,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricaudata">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC518EF79F0FDE914AD" box="[435,584,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. tricaudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51BDC79F0FC8014AD" box="[640,801,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Callophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frivaldszkyi">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51BDC79F0FC8014AD" box="[640,801,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. frivaldszkyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with distal margin less arched than in
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51DBC79F0FAD414AD" box="[1248,1397,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricaudata">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51DBC79F0FAD414AD" box="[1248,1397,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. tricaudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 2) lower cornutus markedly broader than upper cornutus (lower and upper cornuti subequal in width in
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51CD879D4FEB91565" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Callophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frivaldszkyi">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51CD879D4FEB91565" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. frivaldszkyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 3) both upper and lower cornuti bearing a higher number of teeth which are smaller and more regular in size than those of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC518CB780CFD9C1501" box="[407,573,1844,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Callophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frivaldszkyi">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC518CB780CFD9C1501" box="[407,573,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. frivaldszkyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 4) female genitalia with lamella postvaginalis similarly shaped as in
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51CD8780CFEB9153D" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Callophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frivaldszkyi">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51CD8780CFEB9153D" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. frivaldszkyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but with ductus bursae constantly longer than in
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51A067860FC5C153D" box="[858,1021,1880,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Callophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frivaldszkyi">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51A067860FC5C153D" box="[858,1021,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. frivaldszkyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In addition,
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51DC07860FB47153D" box="[1180,1254,1880,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leei">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51DC07860FB47153D" box="[1180,1254,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. leei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51CD87860FEB915D9" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Callophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frivaldszkyi">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51CD87860FEB915D9" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. frivaldszkyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also in having a longer distance from the basal (cephalic) margin of the tegumen to the distal end of the socius.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336F7FFABFFC4199B78FDFBDF1299" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,645]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="414" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">
In populations from Shaanxi Province,
<collectingCountry id="F37B7667FFABFFC51B2378FCFD641590" box="[639,709,1988,2013]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">China</collectingCountry>
, the male of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFABFFC51A0978FCFC3D1591" box="[853,924,1988,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leei">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFABFFC51A0978FCFC3D1591" box="[853,924,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="413">A. leei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bears a markedly wider androconial patch on the forewing upperside than that of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFAAFFC41B1F7FA0FD4912FD" box="[579,744,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Callophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frivaldszkyi">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFAAFFC41B1F7FA0FD4912FD" box="[579,744,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="414">A. frivaldszkyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and lacks the greyish blue scales on the wing uppersides. However, the female of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFAAFFC418F97F84FE4D1299" box="[421,492,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leei">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFAAFFC418F97F84FE4D1299" box="[421,492,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="414">A. leei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is externally indistinguishable from that of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFAAFFC41A8B7F84FBD61299" box="[983,1143,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Callophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frivaldszkyi">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFAAFFC41A8B7F84FBD61299" box="[983,1143,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="414">A. frivaldszkyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C376657CFFAAFFC4199B7FE7FA2510C8" pageId="5" pageNumber="414" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD336F7FFAAFFC4199B7FE7FBD312B5" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,645]" box="[199,1138,223,248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFAAFFC4199B7FE7FEC112B5" bold="true" box="[199,352,223,248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="414">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F37B7667FFAAFFC4183B7FE7FE0B12B5" box="[359,426,223,248]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="414">China</collectingCountry>
(Liaoning, Shaanxi),
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFAAFFC41BC37FD8FD4712BA" box="[671,742,224,247]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="432" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="korea">
<collectingCountry id="F37B7667FFAAFFC41BC37FD8FD4712BA" box="[671,742,224,247]" name="South Korea" pageId="5" pageNumber="414">Korea</collectingCountry>
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37B7667FFAAFFC41BAD7FE7FC9D12B5" box="[753,828,223,248]" name="Russia" pageId="5" pageNumber="414">Russia</collectingCountry>
(Trans-Baikal, Sayan Mts.)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336F7FFAAFFC4199B7E3CFC7913B8" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="414">
The exact
<typeStatus id="54D78855FFAAFFC4181F7E3DFED21350" box="[323,371,261,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="414">type</typeStatus>
locality remains uncertain, as the
<typeStatus id="54D78855FFAAFFC41A567E3CFCCD1350" box="[778,876,260,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="414" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is simply labeled “from
<collectingCountry id="F37B7667FFAAFFC41DC97E3CFB7B1350" box="[1173,1242,260,285]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="414">China</collectingCountry>
” without further information (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B06FFAAFFC418717E1FFE70130D" author="Johnson" box="[301,465,295,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="414" refString="Johnson, K. (1992) The Palaearctic &quot; Elfin &quot; Butterflies (Lycaenidae, Theclinae). Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 29, 1 - 141." type="journal article" year="1992">Johnson 1992</bibRefCitation>
); it is assumed to be some place in Northeast
<collectingCountry id="F37B7667FFAAFFC41AAD7E1FFB96130D" box="[1009,1079,295,320]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="414">China</collectingCountry>
, as the
<typeStatus id="54D78855FFAAFFC41DC87E1FFB57130D" box="[1172,1270,295,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="414" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
bears a linear androconial patch which is thinner than that of the specimens collected from Shaanxi.
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B06FFAAFFC41D047E74FAA41329" author="Johnson" box="[1112,1285,332,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="414" refString="Johnson, K. (1992) The Palaearctic &quot; Elfin &quot; Butterflies (Lycaenidae, Theclinae). Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 29, 1 - 141." type="journal article" year="1992">Johnson (1992)</bibRefCitation>
recorded this species also from the Trans-Baikal area, the Sayan Mts. in
<collectingCountry id="F37B7667FFAAFFC41A7F7E57FCCF13C5" box="[803,878,367,392]" name="Russia" pageId="5" pageNumber="414">Russia</collectingCountry>
and the Greater Khingan Mountains in NE
<collectingCountry id="F37B7667FFAAFFC41C0E7E57FA3813C5" box="[1362,1433,367,392]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="414">China</collectingCountry>
. We examined specimens from Shaanxi and Liaoning.
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B06FFAAFFC41A4F7EACFB1013E0" author="Matsuda" box="[787,1201,404,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="414" refString="Matsuda, S. &amp; Bae, Y. S. (1998) Systematic study on the &quot; Elfin &quot; butterflies, Callophrys frivaldszkyi and C. ferrea (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae), from the Far East. Transactions of the Lepidopterological Society of Japan, 49 (1), 53 - 64." type="journal article" year="1998">Matsuda &amp; Bae (1998: 60, fig. 35)</bibRefCitation>
illustrated a female specimen from
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFAAFFC418127E80FE341382" box="[334,405,440,463]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="432" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="korea">
<collectingCountry id="F37B7667FFAAFFC418127E80FE341382" box="[334,405,440,463]" name="South Korea" pageId="5" pageNumber="414">Korea</collectingCountry>
</taxonomicName>
, which was misidentified as
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFAAFFC41BB17E80FC33139D" box="[749,914,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Callophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frivaldszkyi">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFAAFFC41BB17E80FC33139D" box="[749,914,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="414">A. frivaldszkyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Populations from Shaanxi may constitute a distinct subspecies, with a markedly wider androconial patch in the males.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336F7FFAAFFC4199B7EC7FA2510C8" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFAAFFC4199B7EC7FEE21055" bold="true" box="[199,323,511,536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="414">Sympatry.</emphasis>
In Northeast
<collectingCountry id="F37B7667FFAAFFC418857EC7FDBE1055" box="[473,543,511,536]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="414">China</collectingCountry>
, specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFAAFFC41B9F7D38FCA81055" box="[707,777,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leei">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFAAFFC41B9F7D38FCA81055" box="[707,777,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="414">A. leei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFAAFFC41A4B7D38FCD81055" box="[791,889,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrea">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFAAFFC41A4B7D38FCD81055" box="[791,889,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="414">A. ferrea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFAAFFC41AF27D38FBE01055" box="[942,1089,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricaudata">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFAAFFC41AF27D38FBE01055" box="[942,1089,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="414">A. tricaudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected together by Mr. Q.-Y. Xu at a locality of the Qianshan Mts., Liaoning. In Shaanxi province, specimens of both
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFAAFFC41DA67D1CFAE41071" box="[1274,1349,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leei">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFAAFFC41DA67D1CFAE41071" box="[1274,1349,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="414">A. leei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFAAFFC41CD87D1CFEB9102D" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Callophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frivaldszkyi">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFAAFFC41CD87D1CFEB9102D" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="414">A. frivaldszkyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected together by Mr. Y.-F. Li from Baolongyu, Chang’an County. Specimens of both
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFAAFFC41C087D70FA3D102D" box="[1364,1436,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ahlbergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leei">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFAAFFC41C087D70FA3D102D" box="[1364,1436,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="414">A. leei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D74FFAAFFC4199A7D54FEC710C9" box="[198,358,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Callophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frivaldszkyi">
<emphasis id="B918EAE5FFAAFFC4199A7D54FEC710C9" box="[198,358,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="414">A. frivaldszkyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were also collected from the close localities in Xunyangba, Ningshan County by Mr. Y.-F. Li.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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