682 lines
68 KiB
XML
682 lines
68 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4328176" ID-GBIF-Dataset="faefcf9b-3673-4f50-b6a8-8a5d0cbd01de" ID-GBIF-Taxon="170718958" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4328176" approvalRequired="16" approvalRequired_for_document="1" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="15" checkinTime="1607453490458" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Spangler, Paul J. & Steiner, Warren E." docDate="2005" docId="03C5879CFFC2FF91FC96FDF1B8B4FC08" docLanguage="en" docName="systematicEntomology.30.3.339-357.pdf" docOrigin="Systematic Entomology 30 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2005.00288.x" docTitle="Meru phyllisae Spangler & Steiner 2005, sp.n." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="351" masterDocId="FFFCFFE4FFCAFF9DFFA3FFA0B963FFCF" masterDocTitle="A new aquatic beetle family, Meruidae, from Venezuela (Coleoptera: Adephaga)" masterLastPageNumber="357" masterPageNumber="339" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" updateTime="1643586909968" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new aquatic beetle family, Meruidae, from Venezuela (Coleoptera: Adephaga)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Spangler, Paul J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Steiner, Warren E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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||
<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Systematic Entomology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2005</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2005-03-07</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>30</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:detail type="issue">
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||
<mods:number>3</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>339</mods:start>
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<mods:end>357</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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||
</mods:part>
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||
</mods:relatedItem>
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||
<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2005.00288.x</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1365-3113.2005.00288.x</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">faefcf9b-3673-4f50-b6a8-8a5d0cbd01de</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">4311852</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4328176" ID-GBIF-Taxon="170718958" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4328176" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C5879CFFC2FF91FC96FDF1B8B4FC08" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C5879CFFC2FF91FC96FDF1B8B4FC08" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="351" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">
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||
<subSubSection box="[821,1052,593,615]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph blockId="8.[821,1052,593,615]" box="[821,1052,593,615]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">
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||
<heading bold="true" box="[821,1052,593,615]" fontSize="9" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" reason="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[821,1052,593,615]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">
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<taxonomicName authority="Spangler & Steiner, 2005" authorityName="Spangler & Steiner" authorityYear="2005" box="[821,988,593,615]" class="Insecta" family="Meruidae" genus="Meru" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllisae" status="sp.n.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[821,988,593,615]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">Meru phyllisae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[996,1052,593,615]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="347" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[821,1426,653,733]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">
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<emphasis box="[845,967,653,674]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">Description.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus box="[978,1077,653,675]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">Holotype</typeStatus>
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, male, length 0.85 mm; width 0.39 mm. Wing condition undetermined. Other characters are as described for the genus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="347" type="etymology">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[821,1427,769,879]" lastBlockId="8.[151,758,1178,1726]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">
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<emphasis box="[845,961,770,791]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The specific name honours Phyllis M. Spangler who assisted in the discovery of this beetle and has been of great service to the study of aquatic
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<taxonomicName box="[1210,1320,828,850]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
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for many years. without associated punctures (unlike others elsewhere on body); apical (sixth) sternite wider than long, apical margin rounded; surface bearing an irregular transverse band of flattened and grooved setae and fewer hairlike setae (
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<figureCitation box="[671,745,1266,1288]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[830,864,1360,1380]" captionTargetBox="[834,1434,158,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-215@7.[831,1436,156,1331]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 8. Meru phyllisae, sterna. A, Outline of prothorax; B, hind body." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4311868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4311868/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4311872" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4311872" box="[151,636,1112,1132]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4311872/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" startId="8.[151,185,1112,1132]" targetBox="[151,756,157,1084]" targetPageId="8">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[151,636,1112,1132]" box="[151,636,1112,1132]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,210,1112,1132]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">Fig. 9.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Spangler & Steiner" authorityYear="2005" box="[221,354,1113,1132]" class="Insecta" family="Meruidae" genus="Meru" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllisae">
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<emphasis box="[221,354,1113,1132]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">Meru phyllisae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, metendosternite, dorsal view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="347" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[151,758,1178,1726]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">
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Male genitalia (
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<figureCitation box="[337,426,1295,1317]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[821,855,1759,1779]" captionTargetBox="[835,1413,156,1727]" captionTargetId="figure-44@10.[833,1414,155,1730]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 14. Meru phyllisae, male genitalia. A, Median lobe, dorsal (left) and lateral (right) views, with parameres (centre), right (upper) and left (lower); B, ring sclerite (ninth sternite)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4311880" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4311880/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">Fig. 14A</figureCitation>
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) asymmetric; basal piece absent (or fused with apical piece); median lobe with a curved, tubular base, becoming more straight, dorsoventrally flattened and tapered towards apex; parameres vestigial, scalelike, left paramere more rounded, laterally positioned at base of median lobe; right paramere smaller, more narrow, positioned on ventral side of base of median lobe. Aedeagus with only slight torsion in repose. Ring sclerite (ninth sternum) complete (
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<figureCitation box="[374,462,1529,1551]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[821,855,1759,1779]" captionTargetBox="[835,1413,156,1727]" captionTargetId="figure-44@10.[833,1414,155,1730]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 14. Meru phyllisae, male genitalia. A, Median lobe, dorsal (left) and lateral (right) views, with parameres (centre), right (upper) and left (lower); B, ring sclerite (ninth sternite)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4311880" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4311880/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">Fig. 14B</figureCitation>
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). Female genitalia lacking sclerotized structures except for reduced short gonocoxae, each bearing a few small apical setae (
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<figureCitation box="[543,616,1587,1609]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[161,195,584,604]" captionTargetBox="[161,766,157,556]" captionTargetId="figure-768@11.[161,766,157,556]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 15. Meru phyllisae, female genitalia and apical abdominal terga, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4311884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4311884/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="8.[151,758,1178,1726]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">
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Proventriculus (
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<figureCitation box="[331,398,1617,1639]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,185,1816,1836]" captionTargetBox="[151,756,1070,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-616@12.[151,756,1069,1787]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 16. Meru phyllisae, proventriculus, end view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4311886" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4311886/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
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) with four larger plates smooth, each with single median acuminate and serrulate flap that appears to be capable of folding against the base; smaller four plates vase-shaped in side view, smooth, with a fringe of fine hairs.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="8.[151,757,1763,1843]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">
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<emphasis box="[175,364,1763,1784]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">Wing dimorphism.</emphasis>
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Of twelve specimens that were fully dissected, ten possessed atrophied wings and two had the fully developed condition.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="350" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph blockId="8.[821,1427,916,1843]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">
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<emphasis box="[845,1197,916,937]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">Type data and material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2990871301" collectingDate="1985-01-22" collectingDateMax="1989-01-23" collectingDateMin="1985-01-22" collectionCode="R, T" collectorName="P. J. & P. M. Spangler & Faitoute, W & Other & P. J. Spangler & Colln. & P. J. Spangler' & Puerto Ayacucho & Tobogan & A. Faitoute' & A. Faitoute & El Tobogan & Cano Coromoto & C. B. Barr" country="Venezuela" location="Tobogan" municipality="Puerto Ayacucho" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" specimenCount="7" stateProvince="Amazonas" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<typeStatus box="[1208,1304,916,938]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1313,1333,916,938]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">?</emphasis>
|
||
, labelled ‘
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||
<collectingCountry box="[824,985,945,967]" name="Venezuela" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[996,1107,945,967]" country="Venezuela" name="Amazonas" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
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||
<collectingMunicipality box="[1118,1297,945,967]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">Puerto Ayacucho</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity box="[1312,1374,945,967]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" unit="km" value="40.0">40 km</quantity>
|
||
S) at
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C5879CFFC2FF91FC96FDF1B8B4FC08:8EB36051FFC2FF95FC96FC6EBAF7FC2B" box="[821,916,974,996]" country="Venezuela" municipality="Puerto Ayacucho" name="Tobogan" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" stateProvince="Amazonas">Tobogan</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[937,1098,974,996]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" value="1985-01-22">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[937,1098,974,996]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" value="1985-01-22">22 January 1985</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
/Seine of sunlit stream, slow water over sand & gravel,
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||
<collectorName box="[1140,1422,1003,1025]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">P. J. & P. M. Spangler</collectorName>
|
||
,
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||
<collectionCode box="[821,842,1032,1054]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
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||
<collectorName box="[861,996,1032,1054]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">Faitoute, W</collectorName>
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||
. Steiner’ and
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||
<specimenCount box="[1161,1290,1032,1054]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">7 paratypes</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data.
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||
<collectorName box="[821,880,1062,1084]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">Other</collectorName>
|
||
<typeStatus box="[892,994,1062,1084]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
, 8, same data except ‘
|
||
<date box="[1243,1422,1062,1084]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" value="1986-02-23">
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||
<collectingDate box="[1243,1422,1062,1084]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" value="1986-02-23">23 February 1986</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
, sandy margins,
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||
<collectorName box="[988,1136,1091,1113]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">P. J. Spangler</collectorName>
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||
,
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||
<collectorName box="[1150,1214,1091,1113]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">Colln.</collectorName>
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||
# 10’; 1, same data except ‘leaf packs,
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<collectorName box="[1065,1129,1120,1142]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">Colln.</collectorName>
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||
# 12,
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||
<date box="[1245,1422,1120,1142]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" value="1986-02-24">
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||
<collectingDate box="[1245,1422,1120,1142]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" value="1986-02-24">24 February 1986</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
,
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||
<collectorName box="[821,986,1149,1171]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">P. J. Spangler’</collectorName>
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||
; 1, same data except ‘
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||
<date box="[1243,1422,1149,1171]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" value="1986-02-26">
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||
<collectingDate box="[1243,1422,1149,1171]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" value="1986-02-26">26 February 1986</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
, rootlets at shore edge,
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||
<collectorName box="[1056,1201,1179,1201]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">P. J. Spangler</collectorName>
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||
,
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||
<collectorName box="[1213,1277,1179,1201]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">Colln.</collectorName>
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||
# 19’; 7, same data except ‘
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||
<date box="[949,1129,1208,1230]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" value="1986-02-27">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[949,1129,1208,1230]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" value="1986-02-27">27 February 1986</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[1141,1286,1208,1230]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">P. J. Spangler</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[1297,1361,1208,1230]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">Colln.</collectorName>
|
||
# 20’; 19, same data except ‘
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||
<date box="[1058,1250,1237,1259]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" value="1986-02-28">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1058,1250,1237,1259]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" value="1986-02-28">28 February 1986</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, stream between cascades,
|
||
<collectorName box="[925,1076,1266,1288]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">P. J. Spangler</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[1091,1154,1266,1288]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">Colln.</collectorName>
|
||
# 21’; 2,
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||
<collectingCountry box="[1265,1422,1266,1288]" name="Venezuela" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[821,840,1296,1318]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">T</collectionCode>
|
||
. F.
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[882,993,1296,1318]" country="Venezuela" name="Amazonas" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[1005,1185,1296,1318]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">Puerto Ayacucho</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity box="[1199,1262,1296,1318]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" unit="km" value="40.0">40 km</quantity>
|
||
S) at
|
||
<collectorName box="[1327,1422,1295,1317]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">Tobogań</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[821,1010,1325,1347]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" value="1987-11-14">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[821,1010,1325,1347]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" value="1987-11-14">14 November 1987</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[1039,1103,1325,1347]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">Colln.</collectorName>
|
||
# 1,
|
||
<collectorName box="[1207,1384,1325,1347]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">P. J. Spangler</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectionCode box="[821,842,1354,1376]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName box="[855,985,1354,1376]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">A. Faitoute’</collectorName>
|
||
; 77, same data except ‘
|
||
<date box="[1230,1422,1354,1376]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" value="1987-11-16">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1230,1422,1354,1376]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" value="1987-11-16">16 November 1987</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[821,884,1383,1405]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">Colln.</collectorName>
|
||
# 7,
|
||
<collectorName box="[941,1086,1383,1405]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">P. J. Spangler</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1120,1141,1383,1405]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName box="[1153,1283,1383,1405]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">A. Faitoute’</collectorName>
|
||
; 9, same data except ‘
|
||
<date box="[899,1102,1412,1434]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" value="1987-11-17">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[899,1102,1412,1434]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" value="1987-11-17">17 November 1987</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[1116,1180,1412,1434]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">Colln.</collectorName>
|
||
# 11,
|
||
<collectorName box="[1252,1399,1412,1434]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">P. J. Spangler</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectionCode box="[821,842,1442,1464]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName box="[856,988,1442,1464]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">A. Faitoute’</collectorName>
|
||
; 1, same data except ‘
|
||
<date box="[1230,1422,1442,1464]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" value="1987-11-18">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1230,1422,1442,1464]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" value="1987-11-18">18 November 1987</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[821,884,1471,1493]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">Colln.</collectorName>
|
||
# 13,
|
||
<collectorName box="[952,1095,1471,1493]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">P. J. Spangler</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1129,1150,1471,1493]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName box="[1162,1279,1471,1493]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">A. Faitoute</collectorName>
|
||
//Collected by pouring water over stream bank & washing riparian insects into seine’; 3, ‘
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[984,1144,1529,1551]" name="Venezuela" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1161,1180,1529,1551]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">T</collectionCode>
|
||
. F.
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1231,1342,1529,1551]" country="Venezuela" name="Amazonas" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName pageId="8" pageNumber="347">Puerto Ayacucho</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity box="[953,1015,1558,1580]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" unit="km" value="40.0">40 km</quantity>
|
||
S),
|
||
<collectorName box="[1069,1209,1558,1580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">El Tobogań</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[1235,1422,1558,1580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">Caño Coromoto</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[821,984,1588,1610]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" value="1989-01-18">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[821,984,1588,1610]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" value="1989-01-18">18 January 1989</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[1004,1165,1588,1610]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">P. J. Spangler</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1185,1206,1588,1610]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName box="[1225,1353,1588,1610]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">A. Faitoute</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName pageId="8" pageNumber="347">C. B. Barr</collectorName>
|
||
//Collected at night with head lamp at upper shelter’; 2, same data except ‘
|
||
<date box="[1071,1238,1646,1668]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" value="1989-01-20">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1071,1238,1646,1668]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" value="1989-01-20">20 January 1989</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, upper seep’; 1, same data except ‘
|
||
<date box="[1003,1169,1675,1697]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" value="1989-01-20">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1003,1169,1675,1697]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" value="1989-01-20">20 January 1989</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, seined, at upper seep’; 1, same data except ‘
|
||
<date box="[1065,1231,1705,1727]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" value="1989-01-23">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1065,1231,1705,1727]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" value="1989-01-23">23 January 1989</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, seined, stream between cascades’; 14, same data except ‘
|
||
<date box="[1267,1403,1734,1756]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" value="1989-01">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1267,1403,1734,1756]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" value="1989-01">January 1989</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
– reared’.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[821,1427,916,1843]" lastBlockId="11.[161,767,687,1118]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="350" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2990871302" country="United States of America" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="350" location="National Museum of Natural History" municipality="Smithsonian Institution" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Washington" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus box="[897,987,1792,1814]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(and some
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1126,1225,1792,1814]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
from each of the labelled lots above) are deposited in the
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C5879CFFC2FF91FC96FDF1B8B4FC08:8EB36051FFC2FF96FB75F8BDB809FD0A" country="United States of America" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="350" municipality="Smithsonian Institution" name="National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" stateProvince="Washington">National Museum of Natural History</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[375,623,687,709]" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Smithsonian Institution</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[636,763,687,709]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Washington</collectingRegion>
|
||
, DC,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[211,284,716,738]" name="United States of America" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2990871305" country="Belgium" county="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles" location="The Natural History Museum" municipality="Paris" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
other
|
||
<typeStatus box="[356,455,716,738]" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are deposited in the following institutions:
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C5879CFFC2FF91FC96FDF1B8B4FC08:8EB36051FFC1FF96FE8CFD49BBEDFD30" box="[303,654,745,767]" country="Belgium" county="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles" municipality="Paris" name="The Natural History Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" stateProvince="California">The Natural History Museum</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C5879CFFC2FF91FC96FDF1B8B4FC08:8EB36051FFC1FF96FD05FD49BB98FD30" box="[678,763,745,767]" country="Belgium" county="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles" municipality="Paris" name="London" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" stateProvince="California">London</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C5879CFFC2FF91FC96FDF1B8B4FC08:8EB36051FFC1FF96FF02FCA7BB74FCD2" box="[161,535,775,797]" country="Belgium" county="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles" municipality="Paris" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" stateProvince="California">Museum of Comparative Zoology</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C5879CFFC2FF91FC96FDF1B8B4FC08:8EB36051FFC1FF96FD8AFCA7BB98FCD2" box="[553,763,775,797]" country="Belgium" county="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles" municipality="Paris" name="Harvard University" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" stateProvince="California">Harvard University</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C5879CFFC2FF91FC96FDF1B8B4FC08:8EB36051FFC1FF96FF02FC84B870FCF5" box="[161,275,804,826]" country="Belgium" county="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles" municipality="Paris" name="Cambridge" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" stateProvince="California">Cambridge</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[285,387,804,826]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C5879CFFC2FF91FC96FDF1B8B4FC08:8EB36051FFC1FF96FE29FC84BB03FCF5" box="[394,608,804,826]" country="Belgium" county="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles" municipality="Paris" name="Academy of Sciences" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" stateProvince="California">Academy of Sciences</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C5879CFFC2FF91FC96FDF1B8B4FC08:8EB36051FFC1FF96FDC9FC84BB98FCF5" box="[618,763,804,826]" country="Belgium" county="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles" municipality="Paris" name="San Francisco" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" stateProvince="California">San Francisco</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C5879CFFC2FF91FC96FDF1B8B4FC08:8EB36051FFC1FF96FF02FCE1B86AFC98" box="[161,265,833,855]" country="Belgium" county="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles" municipality="Paris" name="University" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" stateProvince="California">University</location>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[305,389,833,855]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Arizona</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C5879CFFC2FF91FC96FDF1B8B4FC08:8EB36051FFC1FF96FE31FCE1B8BCFC98" box="[402,479,833,855]" country="Belgium" county="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles" municipality="Paris" name="Tucson" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" stateProvince="California">Tucson</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C5879CFFC2FF91FC96FDF1B8B4FC08:8EB36051FFC1FF96FE48FCE1B9A8FCBB" country="Belgium" county="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles" municipality="Paris" name="Canadian National Collection" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" stateProvince="California">Canadian National Collection</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C5879CFFC2FF91FC96FDF1B8B4FC08:8EB36051FFC1FF96FF75FCFEB840FCBB" box="[214,291,862,884]" country="Belgium" county="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles" municipality="Paris" name="Ottawa" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" stateProvince="California">Ottawa</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C5879CFFC2FF91FC96FDF1B8B4FC08:8EB36051FFC1FF96FE8DFCFEBBA6FCBB" box="[302,709,862,884]" country="Belgium" county="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles" municipality="Paris" name="Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" stateProvince="California">Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C5879CFFC2FF91FC96FDF1B8B4FC08:8EB36051FFC1FF96FD73FCFEB862FC5D" country="Belgium" county="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles" municipality="Paris" name="Buenos Aires" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" stateProvince="California">Buenos Aires</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C5879CFFC2FF91FC96FDF1B8B4FC08:8EB36051FFC1FF96FEAAFCDCBB5AFC5D" box="[265,569,892,914]" country="Belgium" county="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles" municipality="Paris" name="Instituto de Zoologia Agricola" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" stateProvince="California">Instituto de Zoologia Agricola</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C5879CFFC2FF91FC96FDF1B8B4FC08:8EB36051FFC1FF96FDE1FCDCBBFDFC5D" box="[578,670,892,914]" country="Belgium" county="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles" municipality="Paris" name="Maracay" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" stateProvince="California">Maracay</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C5879CFFC2FF91FC96FDF1B8B4FC08:8EB36051FFC1FF96FD05FCDCB8BDFC60" country="Belgium" county="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles" municipality="Paris" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" stateProvince="California">Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[497,550,921,943]" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Paris</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCounty pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles</collectingCounty>
|
||
de
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[388,477,950,972]" name="Belgium" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Belgique</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2990871304" collectionCode="CSIRO" country="Japan" county="Kyushu University" location="Zoologische Sammlung des Bayerischen Staates" municipality="Entomological Laboratory" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Fukuoka" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
Bruxelles; Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien;
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C5879CFFC2FF91FC96FDF1B8B4FC08:8EB36051FFC1FF96FEF4FC73B988FBC9" country="Japan" county="Kyushu University" municipality="Entomological Laboratory" name="Zoologische Sammlung des Bayerischen Staates" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" stateProvince="Fukuoka">Zoologische Sammlung des Bayerischen Staates</location>
|
||
, Munich; Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Jena; Australian National Insect Collection,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[161,239,1067,1089]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0k2v-y6wz" name="Australian National Fish Collection" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" type="Museum">CSIRO</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C5879CFFC2FF91FC96FDF1B8B4FC08:8EB36051FFC1FF96FEA6FB8BB805FB8E" box="[261,358,1067,1089]" country="Japan" county="Kyushu University" municipality="Entomological Laboratory" name="Canberra" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" stateProvince="Fukuoka">Canberra</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[381,665,1067,1089]" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Entomological Laboratory</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Kyushu University</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[278,373,1096,1118]" country="Japan" name="Fukuoka" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Fukuoka</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[383,446,1096,1118]" name="Japan" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4311874" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4311874" box="[161,1306,1831,1851]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4311874/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="348" startId="9.[161,195,1831,1851]" targetBox="[230,1366,156,1803]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[161,1306,1831,1851]" box="[161,1306,1831,1851]" pageId="9" pageNumber="348">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[161,232,1831,1851]" pageId="9" pageNumber="348">Fig. 10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spangler & Steiner" authorityYear="2005" box="[242,376,1832,1851]" class="Insecta" family="Meruidae" genus="Meru" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllisae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[242,376,1832,1851]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="348">Meru phyllisae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, metendosternite, scanning electron micrographs. A, Oblique dorsolateral view; B, dorsolateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4311876" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4311876" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4311876/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="349" startId="10.[151,185,696,716]" targetBox="[167,742,156,668]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[151,758,696,742]" pageId="10" pageNumber="349">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,222,696,716]" pageId="10" pageNumber="349">Fig. 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spangler & Steiner" authorityYear="2005" box="[233,368,697,716]" class="Insecta" family="Meruidae" genus="Meru" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="349" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllisae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[233,368,697,716]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="349">Meru phyllisae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, hind wing. A, Brachypterous condition; B, macropterous condition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4311878" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4311878" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4311878/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="349" startId="10.[151,185,1224,1244]" targetBox="[167,742,769,1196]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[151,756,1224,1271]" pageId="10" pageNumber="349">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,222,1224,1244]" pageId="10" pageNumber="349">Fig. 12.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spangler & Steiner" authorityYear="2005" box="[233,370,1225,1244]" class="Insecta" family="Meruidae" genus="Meru" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="349" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllisae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[233,370,1225,1244]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="349">Meru phyllisae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, hind wing, macropterous condition, in folded position.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4311880" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4311880" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4311880/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="349" startId="10.[821,855,1759,1779]" targetBox="[835,1413,156,1727]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[821,1426,1759,1831]" pageId="10" pageNumber="349">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[821,892,1759,1779]" pageId="10" pageNumber="349">Fig. 14.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spangler & Steiner" authorityYear="2005" box="[902,1039,1760,1779]" class="Insecta" family="Meruidae" genus="Meru" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="349" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllisae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[902,1039,1760,1779]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="349">Meru phyllisae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male genitalia. A, Median lobe, dorsal (left) and lateral (right) views, with parameres (centre), right (upper) and left (lower); B, ring sclerite (ninth sternite).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4311882" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4311882" box="[151,609,1816,1836]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4311882/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="349" startId="10.[151,185,1816,1836]" targetBox="[167,742,1322,1770]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[151,609,1816,1836]" box="[151,609,1816,1836]" pageId="10" pageNumber="349">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,222,1816,1836]" pageId="10" pageNumber="349">Fig. 13.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spangler & Steiner" authorityYear="2005" box="[233,366,1817,1836]" class="Insecta" family="Meruidae" genus="Meru" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="349" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllisae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[233,366,1817,1836]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="349">Meru phyllisae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, visible abdominal sterna.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4311884" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4311884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4311884/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" startId="11.[161,195,584,604]" targetBox="[161,766,157,556]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[161,767,584,631]" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[161,232,584,604]" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Fig. 15.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spangler & Steiner" authorityYear="2005" box="[242,380,585,604]" class="Insecta" family="Meruidae" genus="Meru" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllisae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[242,380,585,604]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Meru phyllisae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female genitalia and apical abdominal terga, dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[161,768,1155,1206]" box="[185,767,1155,1177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,322,1155,1176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Type locality.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[334,490,1155,1177]" name="Venezuela" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: District of
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[603,712,1155,1177]" country="Venezuela" name="Amazonas" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||
, at El
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[161,768,1155,1206]" box="[161,768,1180,1206]" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2990871303" box="[161,764,1180,1206]" latitude="2.2333333" location="Tobogan" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-63.75" municipality="Puerto Ayacucho" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C5879CFFC2FF91FC96FDF1B8B4FC08:8EB36051FFC1FF96FF02FB00B99CFB79" box="[161,255,1184,1206]" latitude="2.2333333" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-63.75" municipality="Puerto Ayacucho" name="Tobogan" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Tobogań</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity box="[263,324,1184,1206]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" unit="km" value="40.0">40 km</quantity>
|
||
south of
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[415,591,1184,1206]" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Puerto Ayacucho</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[599,670,1180,1206]" degrees="2" direction="north" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" precision="15" seconds="0" value="2.2333333">
|
||
2 14
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[644,649,1180,1195]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">
|
||
<superScript attach="right" box="[644,649,1180,1195]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">0</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[674,764,1180,1206]" degrees="63" direction="west" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" precision="15" seconds="0" value="-63.75">
|
||
63 45
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[731,736,1180,1195]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">
|
||
<superScript attach="right" box="[731,736,1180,1195]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">0</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[161,593,1267,1288]" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[161,593,1267,1288]" box="[161,593,1267,1288]" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">
|
||
<emphasis box="[161,593,1267,1288]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">
|
||
Habitats and collecting at the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[469,511,1267,1288]" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="350" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[161,768,1325,1843]" lastBlockId="11.[830,1437,156,1668]" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">
|
||
Various aquatic microhabitats were sampled at El Tobogań and yielded a rich assemblage of water beetle species. The cascade over the open bedrock (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[579,759,1383,1405]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[161,195,1710,1730]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,817,1681]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 17. Biotope at El Tobogán, the type locality of Meru phyllisae. A, The upper cascade looking upstream from the dam; B, the upper cascade looking downstream from the upper edge. C, The edge of the upper cascade showing the wet rock face and stream edge; D, the stream edge at the upper cascade where the root mat habitat was sampled; E, Biotope at El Tobogán, the type locality of Meru phyllisae. A, The dam and pool below the upper cascade looking upstream; F, the pool and forested stream below the cascade looking downstream; G, Section of forested stream below the cascade, looking downstream; H, the open rock surface and edge of a rapid section of the cascade." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4311888" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4311888/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Figs 17A, B, E, H</figureCitation>
|
||
) was fed by an attractive white-water stream, the Rio (Caño) Coromoto, which originated in the mountains above. The stream emerged from the densely shaded jungle and flowed rapidly downhill through the forest for several hundred metres before the gradient flattened out as it reached an opening at a moderately deep, natural pool where the stream divided into two branches. Upon leaving the pool, the main water course flowed rapidly into a well-worn channel (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[556,687,1646,1668]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[161,195,1710,1730]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,817,1681]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 17. Biotope at El Tobogán, the type locality of Meru phyllisae. A, The upper cascade looking upstream from the dam; B, the upper cascade looking downstream from the upper edge. C, The edge of the upper cascade showing the wet rock face and stream edge; D, the stream edge at the upper cascade where the root mat habitat was sampled; E, Biotope at El Tobogán, the type locality of Meru phyllisae. A, The dam and pool below the upper cascade looking upstream; F, the pool and forested stream below the cascade looking downstream; G, Section of forested stream below the cascade, looking downstream; H, the open rock surface and edge of a rapid section of the cascade." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4311888" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4311888/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Figs 17A, E</figureCitation>
|
||
) along the base of an adjacent hill. By contrast, the second branch fanned out and covered the broad expanse of granite bedrock with a shallow (
|
||
<quantity box="[507,589,1734,1756]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
|
||
) cover of slowly flowing water (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[330,416,1763,1785]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[161,195,1710,1730]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,817,1681]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 17. Biotope at El Tobogán, the type locality of Meru phyllisae. A, The upper cascade looking upstream from the dam; B, the upper cascade looking downstream from the upper edge. C, The edge of the upper cascade showing the wet rock face and stream edge; D, the stream edge at the upper cascade where the root mat habitat was sampled; E, Biotope at El Tobogán, the type locality of Meru phyllisae. A, The dam and pool below the upper cascade looking upstream; F, the pool and forested stream below the cascade looking downstream; G, Section of forested stream below the cascade, looking downstream; H, the open rock surface and edge of a rapid section of the cascade." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4311888" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4311888/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Fig. 17C</figureCitation>
|
||
) with fallen leaves adhering to the wet rock. This broad area outlined the uppermost level of the entire cascade, which consisted of an upper and lower level; each about equal in length but the upper level was much broader and had a moderate gradient. The bedrock was obviously scoured from eons of periodic flooding and occasionally had an uncharacteristic deep pothole in its midst. The rock cascade emptied into a small, natural pool somewhat altered in past years by a man-made cement dam (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1220,1308,331,353]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[161,195,1710,1730]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,817,1681]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 17. Biotope at El Tobogán, the type locality of Meru phyllisae. A, The upper cascade looking upstream from the dam; B, the upper cascade looking downstream from the upper edge. C, The edge of the upper cascade showing the wet rock face and stream edge; D, the stream edge at the upper cascade where the root mat habitat was sampled; E, Biotope at El Tobogán, the type locality of Meru phyllisae. A, The dam and pool below the upper cascade looking upstream; F, the pool and forested stream below the cascade looking downstream; G, Section of forested stream below the cascade, looking downstream; H, the open rock surface and edge of a rapid section of the cascade." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4311888" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4311888/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Fig. 17E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Below the dam, the stream changed to a nearly level and narrower stretch of
|
||
<quantity box="[949,1033,390,412]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" unit="m" value="32.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="30.0">30–35 m</quantity>
|
||
as it flowed through a tree-shaded area (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[893,1020,419,441]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[161,195,1710,1730]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,817,1681]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 17. Biotope at El Tobogán, the type locality of Meru phyllisae. A, The upper cascade looking upstream from the dam; B, the upper cascade looking downstream from the upper edge. C, The edge of the upper cascade showing the wet rock face and stream edge; D, the stream edge at the upper cascade where the root mat habitat was sampled; E, Biotope at El Tobogán, the type locality of Meru phyllisae. A, The dam and pool below the upper cascade looking upstream; F, the pool and forested stream below the cascade looking downstream; G, Section of forested stream below the cascade, looking downstream; H, the open rock surface and edge of a rapid section of the cascade." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4311888" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4311888/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Figs 17F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
) to the crest of a lower cascade. The stream was about
|
||
<quantity box="[1045,1081,448,470]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
|
||
wide, 0.3 m deep, and flowing about 1–1.5 m s
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[1009,1018,472,486]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">1</superScript>
|
||
when the photographs (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1299,1429,477,499]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[161,195,1710,1730]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,817,1681]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 17. Biotope at El Tobogán, the type locality of Meru phyllisae. A, The upper cascade looking upstream from the dam; B, the upper cascade looking downstream from the upper edge. C, The edge of the upper cascade showing the wet rock face and stream edge; D, the stream edge at the upper cascade where the root mat habitat was sampled; E, Biotope at El Tobogán, the type locality of Meru phyllisae. A, The dam and pool below the upper cascade looking upstream; F, the pool and forested stream below the cascade looking downstream; G, Section of forested stream below the cascade, looking downstream; H, the open rock surface and edge of a rapid section of the cascade." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4311888" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4311888/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Fig. 17G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
) were taken. The substrate between the upper and lower cascades was rocky and sandy before the water tumbled over the narrower, steeper, and faster flowing lower cascade. The lower level was accessible on one side over an area of scoured granite bedrock. The opposite side of the stream was essentially inaccessible because of the dense jungle, deep channel, steeper gradient, and extremely fast current. Consequently, our collecting was conducted primarily on the broad, shallow surface and margins of the upper level, to and including the slower flowing area between the two cascade levels. Water analysis of the Caño Coromoto provided the following data: pH 5; oxygen
|
||
<specimenCount box="[880,927,857,879]" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" type="generic">12 p.</specimenCount>
|
||
p.m.; hardness, 0. The water temperature was 28 C when most of the specimens were collected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="351" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[830,1437,156,1668]" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">
|
||
The following aquatic beetle taxa were also collected in and along the matted seepage areas that drained into the upper level of the cascade:
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1110,1221,974,996]" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dytiscidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Erichson" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1832" box="[1232,1433,974,996]" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Copelatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1232,1331,974,995]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Copelatus</emphasis>
|
||
Erichson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Regimbart" authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1895" box="[830,1066,1003,1025]" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Laccodytes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[830,942,1003,1024]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Laccodytes</emphasis>
|
||
Reǵimbart
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Babington" authorityName="Babington" authorityYear="1841" box="[1082,1346,1003,1025]" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Desmopachria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1082,1224,1003,1024]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Desmopachria</emphasis>
|
||
Babington
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, various genera of Bidessini;
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Beutel" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[1049,1155,1033,1055]" class="Insecta" family="Noteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Noteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Sharp" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" box="[1169,1360,1033,1055]" class="Insecta" family="Noteridae" genus="Notomicrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1169,1285,1033,1054]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Notomicrus</emphasis>
|
||
Sharp
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and a new genus;
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Curtis" authorityYear="1830" box="[951,1039,1062,1084]" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Elmidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Erichson" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1847" box="[1049,1248,1062,1084]" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Cylloepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1049,1147,1062,1083]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Cylloepus</emphasis>
|
||
Erichson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Hinton" authorityName="Hinton" authorityYear="1940" box="[1259,1432,1062,1084]" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Gyrelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1259,1348,1062,1083]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Gyrelmis</emphasis>
|
||
Hinton
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Sharp" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" box="[830,1026,1091,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Heterelmis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[830,939,1091,1112]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Heterelmis</emphasis>
|
||
Sharp
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Brown" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1984" box="[1054,1256,1091,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Austrelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1054,1160,1091,1112]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Austrelmis</emphasis>
|
||
Brown
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Hinton" authorityName="Hinton" authorityYear="1935" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Microcylloepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1284,1437,1091,1112]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Microcylloepus</emphasis>
|
||
Hinton
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Musgrave" authorityName="Musgrave" authorityYear="1935" box="[921,1127,1120,1142]" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Neoelmis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[921,1013,1120,1141]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Neoelmis</emphasis>
|
||
Musgrave
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Spangler" authorityName="Spangler" authorityYear="1981" box="[1142,1335,1120,1142]" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Pagelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1142,1233,1120,1141]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Pagelmis</emphasis>
|
||
Spangler
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Hinton" authorityName="Hinton" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Pilielmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1350,1436,1120,1141]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Pilielmis</emphasis>
|
||
Hinton
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Sharp" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" box="[915,1096,1149,1171]" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Phanocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[915,1028,1150,1171]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Phanocerus</emphasis>
|
||
Sharp
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Spangler" authorityName="Spangler" authorityYear="1966" box="[1106,1320,1149,1171]" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Hintonelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1106,1225,1150,1171]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Hintonelmis</emphasis>
|
||
Spangler
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Hinton" authorityName="Hinton" authorityYear="1939" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Stegoelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1331,1437,1150,1171]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Stegoelmis</emphasis>
|
||
Hinton
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Grouvelle" authorityName="Grouvelle" authorityYear="1908" box="[935,1201,1179,1201]" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Stenhelmoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[935,1074,1179,1200]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Stenhelmoides</emphasis>
|
||
Grouvelle
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Hinton" authorityName="Hinton" authorityYear="1972" box="[1230,1432,1179,1201]" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Tyletelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1230,1332,1179,1200]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Tyletelmis</emphasis>
|
||
Hinton
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Hinton" authorityName="Hinton" box="[830,1006,1208,1230]" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Xenelmis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[830,919,1208,1229]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Xenelmis</emphasis>
|
||
Hinton
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mulsant" authorityYear="1844" box="[1021,1154,1208,1230]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hydraenidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Perkins" authorityName="Perkins" authorityYear="1989" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" genus="Adelphydraena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orchymonti">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1168,1436,1208,1229]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Adelphydraena orchymonti</emphasis>
|
||
Perkins
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kugelann" authorityName="Kugelann" authorityYear="1794" box="[930,1147,1237,1259]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" genus="Hydraena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[930,1028,1237,1258]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Hydraena</emphasis>
|
||
Kugelann
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1169,1318,1237,1259]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hydrophilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Thomson" authorityName="Thomson" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Anacaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1340,1436,1237,1258]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Anacaena</emphasis>
|
||
Thomson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Leach" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1817" box="[939,1086,1266,1288]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Berosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[939,1016,1267,1288]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Berosus</emphasis>
|
||
Leach
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Stephens" authorityName="Stephens" box="[1095,1319,1266,1288]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chaetarthria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1095,1221,1267,1288]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Chaetarthria</emphasis>
|
||
Stephens
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Spangler" authorityName="Spangler" authorityYear="1972" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Notionotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1329,1437,1267,1288]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Notionotus</emphasis>
|
||
Spangler
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Sharp" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" box="[941,1109,1295,1317]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Oocyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[941,1030,1296,1317]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Oocyclus</emphasis>
|
||
Sharp
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Sharp" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" box="[1129,1342,1295,1317]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Phaenonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1129,1263,1296,1317]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Phaenonotum</emphasis>
|
||
Sharp
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Le Conte" authorityYear="1874" class="Insecta" family="Hydroscaphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hydroscaphidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Reichardt" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1973" box="[947,1166,1325,1347]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroscaphidae" genus="Scaphydra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[947,1051,1325,1346]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Scaphydra</emphasis>
|
||
Reichardt
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1845" box="[1182,1325,1325,1347]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeriusidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sphaeriusidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Waltl" authorityName="Waltl" authorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeriusidae" genus="Sphaerius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1341,1437,1325,1346]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Sphaerius</emphasis>
|
||
Waltl
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Steffan" authorityYear="1964" box="[899,1058,1354,1376]" class="Insecta" family="Torridincolidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Torridincolidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Reichardt." box="[1068,1269,1354,1376]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Myctophidae" genus="Hintonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myctophiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1068,1155,1354,1375]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Hintonia</emphasis>
|
||
Reichardt.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[830,1437,156,1668]" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">
|
||
The majority of the elmids were obtained from the rocky and shaded stream before it emerged from the jungle or the shaded part that connected the upper and lower halves of the cascade. Other specimens, including some
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spangler & Steiner" authorityYear="2005" box="[1305,1430,1471,1492]" class="Insecta" family="Meruidae" genus="Meru" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllisae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1305,1430,1471,1492]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">M. phyllisae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, were taken by collecting the leaves containing beetles from the seepage areas into a fine-mesh dip-net or seine. Partly submerged root mats that held decaying leaves, sticks and other debris at the edges of the open or semishaded stream margins (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1006,1165,1617,1639]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[161,195,1710,1730]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,817,1681]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 17. Biotope at El Tobogán, the type locality of Meru phyllisae. A, The upper cascade looking upstream from the dam; B, the upper cascade looking downstream from the upper edge. C, The edge of the upper cascade showing the wet rock face and stream edge; D, the stream edge at the upper cascade where the root mat habitat was sampled; E, Biotope at El Tobogán, the type locality of Meru phyllisae. A, The dam and pool below the upper cascade looking upstream; F, the pool and forested stream below the cascade looking downstream; G, Section of forested stream below the cascade, looking downstream; H, the open rock surface and edge of a rapid section of the cascade." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4311888" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4311888/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Figs 17D, F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
) were the main source of the specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spangler & Steiner" authorityYear="2005" box="[1007,1062,1646,1667]" class="Insecta" family="Meruidae" genus="Meru" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1007,1062,1646,1667]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Meru</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[830,1144,1734,1755]" box="[830,1144,1734,1755]" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">
|
||
<emphasis box="[830,1144,1734,1755]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Observations on captive beetles</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[830,1437,1792,1844]" lastBlockId="12.[151,758,156,967]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="351" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">
|
||
Live specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spangler & Steiner" authorityYear="2005" box="[1042,1167,1793,1814]" class="Insecta" family="Meruidae" genus="Meru" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllisae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1042,1167,1793,1814]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">M. phyllisae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected
|
||
<date box="[1269,1437,1792,1814]" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" value="1989-01-24">24 January 1989</date>
|
||
were brought back to the laboratory and placed in a large glass finger bowl along with some decaying leaves. Daily observations were made and, from time to time, a search for eggs was conducted. Unfortunately, no eggs were found and no larvae appeared. The beetles spent most of their time sitting still or crawling about on the dead leaves. They were not observed feeding unless it was what appeared to be grazing over the leaf surfaces. Very rarely, a beetle would walk off a leaf into deeper water and simply float, posterior end uppermost, to the water surface. After floating against the surface film, it would turn over so that its venter was facing the surface and walk along under the surface film, as has been observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mulsant" authorityYear="1844" box="[151,285,506,528]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hydraenidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and some small
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[494,649,506,528]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hydrophilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. To submerge, the beetles would turn over with their head directed downwards and awkwardly ‘kick’ (with an alternating leg motion as in walking) their way downwards until finding a foothold on the substrate; if a beetle stopped ‘kicking’ on the way down, it would immediately float back to the surface, then start another descent. While the beetles were moving about, a silvery bubblelike area seemed to be present under each elytron; this was difficult to confirm because of the tiny size of the beetles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,758,156,967]" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">No mortality was noted until almost 4 months after their capture, when two dead beetles were found on 24 May. After that, the following were found dead: one, 12 June; five, 11 July; two, 15 August. The last two specimens lived in the finger bowl for 196 days.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |