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<mods:title id="6DEFD8DE099876FF37CFA3033765EFE4">A revision of Bittacomorphinae with a review of the monophyly of extant subfamilies of Ptychopteridae (Diptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AAD3B4743068DBD0B1EC4C927500E154">Fasbender, Andrew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CDDFE18AFAF9DB596427483A3B52BDD7">Courtney, Gregory W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="8AF454181EEF1AA9006B0773695B461B">2017</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03C187974347C733FF33FBD7FE0B0672" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6027750" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132786185" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6027750" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187974347C733FF33FBD7FE0B0672" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C187974347C733FF33FBD7FE0B0672" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<subSubSection id="C372650A4347C72CFF33FBD7FD01061A" box="[151,704,1118,1144]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD736814347C72CFF33FBD7FD01061A" blockId="46.[151,704,1118,1144]" box="[151,704,1118,1144]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<heading id="D09F81ED4347C72CFF33FBD7FD01061A" bold="true" box="[151,704,1118,1144]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C684D024347C72CFF33FBD7FD01061A" ID-CoL="LXQ7" authority="Alexander 1947" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1947" box="[151,704,1118,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Bittacomorphella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenderiana">
<emphasis id="B91CEA934347C72CFF33FBD7FD01061A" bold="true" box="[151,704,1118,1144]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B91CEA934347C72CFF33FBD7FE35061A" bold="true" box="[151,500,1118,1144]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Bittacomorphella fenderiana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B704347C72CFE5FFBD7FD01061A" author="Alexander" box="[507,704,1118,1144]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Alexander, C. P. (1947) New species of Ptychopteridae. Part III. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 42, 19 - 24." type="journal article" year="1947">Alexander 1947</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection id="C372650A4347C72CFF33FB2CFC530775" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BD736814347C72CFF33FB2CFD7606D9" blockId="46.[151,914,1189,1303]" box="[151,695,1189,1211]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7811AF4347C72CFF33FB2CFD7606D9" box="[151,695,1189,1211]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName id="4C684D024347C72CFF33FB2CFD5106D9" ID-CoL="LXQ7" authority="Alexander, 1947: 22" authorityName="Alexander" authorityPageNumber="22" authorityYear="1947" box="[151,656,1189,1211]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Bittacomorphella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenderiana">
<emphasis id="B91CEA934347C72CFF33FB2CFE7D06D9" box="[151,444,1189,1211]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Bittacomorphella fenderiana</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910904347C72CFE66FB2CFD5106D9" author="Alexander" box="[450,656,1189,1211]" page="22" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" year="1947">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B704347C72CFE66FB2CFDAC06D9" author="Alexander" box="[450,621,1189,1211]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Alexander, C. P. (1947) New species of Ptychopteridae. Part III. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 42, 19 - 24." type="journal article" year="1947">Alexander, 1947</bibRefCitation>
: 22
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24
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD736814347C72CFF63FB4DFC530775" blockId="46.[151,914,1189,1303]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7811AF4347C72CFF63FB4DFC530775" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName id="4C684D024347C72CFF63FB4DFD3406B8" ID-CoL="LXQ7" authority="Alexander, Peus 1958: 11" authorityName="Alexander, Peus" authorityPageNumber="11" authorityYear="1958" box="[199,757,1220,1242]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Bittacomorphella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenderiana">
<emphasis id="B91CEA934347C72CFF63FB4DFE2D06B8" box="[199,492,1220,1242]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Bittacomorphella fenderiana</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910904347C72CFE56FB4DFD3406B8" author="Alexander" box="[498,757,1220,1242]" page="11" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" year="1958">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B704347C72CFE56FB4DFD1206B8" author="Alexander" box="[498,723,1220,1242]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Alexander, C. P. (1958) Undescribed species of nematocerous Diptera. Part V. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 53, 48 - 52." type="journal article" year="1958">Alexander, Peus 1958</bibRefCitation>
: 11
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(catalog)
<taxonomicName id="4C684D024347C72CFF33FB6BFCC1069A" ID-CoL="LXQ7" authority="Alexander, Alexander 1965: 98" authorityName="Alexander, Alexander" authorityPageNumber="98" authorityYear="1965" box="[151,768,1250,1272]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Bittacomorphella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenderiana">
<emphasis id="B91CEA934347C72CFF33FB6BFE7D069A" box="[151,444,1250,1272]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Bittacomorphella fenderiana</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910904347C72CFE66FB6BFCC1069A" author="Alexander" box="[450,768,1250,1272]" page="98" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" year="1965">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B704347C72CFE66FB6BFD1C069A" author="Alexander" box="[450,733,1250,1272]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Alexander, C. P. (1965) Family Ptychopteridae (Liriopeidae). In: Stone, A., Sabrosky, C., Wirth, W. W., Foote, R. H., Coulson, J. R. (Eds.), A Catalog of the Diptera of America North of Mexico. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington D. C., pp. 97 - 98." type="book chapter" year="1965">Alexander, Alexander 1965</bibRefCitation>
: 98
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(catalog)
<taxonomicName id="4C684D024347C72CFF33FA88FCCC0775" ID-CoL="LXQ7" authority="Alexander, Alexander 1967: 171" authorityName="Alexander, Alexander" authorityPageNumber="171" authorityYear="1967" box="[151,781,1281,1303]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Bittacomorphella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenderiana">
<emphasis id="B91CEA934347C72CFF33FA88FE7D0775" box="[151,444,1281,1303]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Bittacomorphella fenderiana</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AC910904347C72CFE66FA88FCCC0775" author="Alexander" box="[450,781,1281,1303]" page="171" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" year="1967">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B704347C72CFE66FA88FD1C0775" author="Alexander" box="[450,733,1281,1303]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Alexander, C. P. (1967) The crane flies of California. Bulletin of the California Insect Survey, 8, 1 - 263." type="journal article" year="1967">Alexander, Alexander 1967</bibRefCitation>
: 171
</treatmentCitation>
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(illustration)
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C372650A4347C72CFF33FACDFD0F07A9" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BD736814347C72CFF33FACDFD0F07A9" blockId="46.[151,1437,1348,2023]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B91CEA934347C72CFF33FACDFEA0073F" bold="true" box="[151,353,1348,1373]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Diagnosis. Larva</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13532A044347C72CFED5FACDFE01073F" box="[369,448,1348,1373]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1552,1574]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,408,1530]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,408,1530]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 5. Larval habitus. a. Bittacomorpha clavipes Fabricius, lateral view (inset = dorsal view of head); b. Bi. occidentalis Aldrich, lateral view; Bittacomorphella fenderiana Alexander, dorsal view. Scale bars 1 mm (a, b), 2 mm (c)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/846190/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
c, 6ef). Head capsule trapezoidal, posterolateral corners with small hook. Thoracic and abdominal segments with tubercles arranged in annular rings, along lateral margins with fingerlike extensions, typically with hardened clumps of detritus attached.
<emphasis id="B91CEA934347C72CFD42FA05FCEB07C7" bold="true" box="[742,810,1420,1445]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Adult</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13532A044347C72CFC9EFA05FC4807C7" box="[826,905,1420,1445]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1441,1463]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1420]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 7. Bittacomorphine male wings. a. Bittacomorpha clavipes; b. Bi. occidentalis; c. Bittacomorphella pacifica Alexander; d. Bl. sackenii Von Röder; e. Bl. furcata sp. nov.; f. Bl. esakii Tokunaga; g. Bl. fenderiana; h. Bl. jonesi Johnson; i. Bl. nipponensis Alexander; d. Bittacomorphella thaiensis Alexander. All scale bars 1 mm except “ b ” (2 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/846194/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
Figs.
<quantity id="4C909B644347C72CFCDEFA04FC4807C7" box="[890,905,1421,1445]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="7.0" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="g" value="7.0">7</quantity>
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g, 15). Legs with white confined to distal tip of 1st, 2nd &amp; 3rd tarsomeres. Gonostyli with basal lobe.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C372650A4347C732FF63FA5FFDCA0322" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD736814347C732FF63FA5FFDCA0322" blockId="46.[151,1437,1348,2023]" lastBlockId="48.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B91CEA934347C72CFF63FA5FFE74078D" bold="true" box="[199,437,1494,1519]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Description. Larva.</emphasis>
Head capsule deflexed ventrally, cranium well separated from prothoracic segment, trapezoidal in shape dorsally; dorsal surface flat, black. Frontoclypeal apotome broad, 2.5x as long as wide, expanding to apex, anterior margin blunt; occipital margin narrowing considerably posteriorly, forming narrow point reaching nearly to posterior margin of cranium, posterior portion of cranium directed ventrally, forming dorsoposterior surface; ecdysial stem line short, obscured by prothorax. Genae triangular in dorsal view, anterior point blunt, lateral margin narrowing anterior, lateroposterior apex forming blunt hook-like spine directed anterior, medioventrally nearly convergent, anterior margin square, no collar on posterior margin, ventroposterior margin broadly obtuse angle; postgena fused with hypopharynx, triangular, narrowing posteriorly, anterior margin with rectangular lobe medially. Thoracic segments not increasing in size posteriorly, largely indistinguishable from abdominal segments, elongate cuticular extensions present, typically covered in hardened substrate from habitat, apically with elongate branching sensilla. Abdominal segments cylindrical, homogenous in width, delineations between segments extremely weak; tubercles arranged in annular rows, lateral tubercles with fingerlike extensions. Prolegs well developed, apical claw with basal angle, sythe-like apex. Anal division cylindrical, with lightly sclerotized exertable tube containing siphon; annulations weakly developed if present.
<emphasis id="B91CEA934347C72CFB05F823FB2C05A1" bold="true" box="[1185,1261,1962,1987]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Adult.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B91CEA934347C72CFB5EF825FF190584" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Measurements (n=5)</emphasis>
. Overall length:
<quantity id="4C909B644347C72CFE00F846FDCF0585" box="[420,526,1999,2023]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.192" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="11.92">11.92mm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="4C909B644347C72CFD85F847FD110585" box="[545,720,1998,2023]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.198" metricValueMax="1.26" metricValueMin="1.136" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="11.98" valueMax="12.6" valueMin="11.36">11.3612.6mm</quantity>
); head width (n=3)
<quantity id="4C909B644347C72CFC1AF846FBDA0585" box="[958,1051,1999,2023]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.90mm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="4C909B644347C72CFB8AF846FB110585" box="[1070,1232,1999,2023]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="9.2" metricValueMin="8.8" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="0.9" valueMax="0.92" valueMin="0.88">0.880.92mm</quantity>
), height,
<quantity id="4C909B644347C72CFAE4F846FA5D0585" box="[1344,1436,1999,2023]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.1" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="0.81">0.81mm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="4C909B644346C72DFF3AFF1EFE8102D2" box="[158,320,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" metricValueMax="8.9" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="0.82" valueMax="0.89" valueMin="0.75">0.750.89mm</quantity>
), length
<quantity id="4C909B644346C72DFE04FF1EFE3D02D2" box="[416,508,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="0.51">0.51mm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="4C909B644346C72DFDAFFF1EFD6C02D2" box="[523,685,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.15" metricValueMax="5.4" metricValueMin="4.9" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="0.515" valueMax="0.54" valueMin="0.49">0.490.54mm</quantity>
); antenna flagellum length
<quantity id="4C909B644346C72DFC79FF11FBFC02D2" box="[989,1085,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.84" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="7.84">7.84mm</quantity>
, flagellomere proportions 1.00, 0.56, 0.64, 0.73, 0.8, 0.83, 0.83, 0.76, 0.67, 0.64, 0.67, 0.59, 0.55, 0.53, 0.49, 0.46, 0.43, 0.43, 0.02; maxillary palpus length
<quantity id="4C909B644346C72DFE93FF69FE59029A" box="[311,408,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.43" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="1.43">1.43mm</quantity>
; segment proportions 0.56, 1, 1.56, 1.08, 2; thorax length
<quantity id="4C909B644346C72DFB97FF56FB4E029A" box="[1075,1167,223,248]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.61" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="1.61">1.61mm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="4C909B644346C72DFB04FF56FA80029A" box="[1184,1345,223,248]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.63" metricValueMax="1.71" metricValueMin="1.55" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="1.63" valueMax="1.71" valueMin="1.55">1.551.71mm</quantity>
), height
<quantity id="4C909B644346C72DFF33FE8DFF35037E" box="[151,244,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.47" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="1.47">1.47mm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="4C909B644346C72DFEA8FE8DFE6F037F" box="[268,430,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.57" metricValueMin="1.43" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="1.57" valueMin="1.43">1.431.57mm</quantity>
); wing length
<quantity id="4C909B644346C72DFDCEFE8DFD78037F" box="[618,697,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="7.6">7.6mm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="4C909B644346C72DFD75FE8DFCB2037F" box="[721,883,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.449999999999999" metricValueMax="8.2" metricValueMin="6.7" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="7.449999999999999" valueMax="8.2" valueMin="6.7">6.708.20mm</quantity>
), width:
<quantity id="4C909B644346C72DFC4CFE8DFB85037F" box="[1000,1092,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.56" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="1.56">1.56mm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="4C909B644346C72DFBF9FE8DFB3F037F" box="[1117,1278,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.595" metricValueMax="1.69" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="1.595" valueMax="1.69" valueMin="1.5">1.501.69mm</quantity>
), R3+4+5 stem
<quantity id="4C909B644346C72DFF33FEA3FF370321" box="[151,246,298,323]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="0.68">0.68mm</quantity>
, R4+5 stem
<quantity id="4C909B644346C72DFED0FEA2FE050321" box="[372,452,299,323]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9mm</quantity>
, R4 after fork
<quantity id="4C909B644346C72DFDC9FEA3FD0C0321" box="[621,717,298,323]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.57" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="1.57">1.57mm</quantity>
, R5 after fork
<quantity id="4C909B644346C72DFCD1FEA3FC140321" box="[885,981,298,323]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.56" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="1.56">1.56mm</quantity>
, R3+4+5:R4+5-stem:R4 1.00, 2.79, 2.3; r-m
<quantity id="4C909B644346C72DFF33FEDBFF370308" box="[151,246,338,362]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="0.32">0.32mm</quantity>
, M distal to r-m
<quantity id="4C909B644346C72DFE14FED8FDD10308" box="[432,528,337,362]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.36" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="3.36">3.36mm</quantity>
, Mdistal:R3+4+5 4.94, 1.00; R4:Mdistal, 0.46, 1.00, CuA2
<quantity id="4C909B644346C72DFBDBFED8FB210308" box="[1151,1248,337,362]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.63" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="1.63">1.63mm</quantity>
; leg proportions, femur 1.0, 0.99, 1.04; tibia 1.02, 0.99, 1.15; tarsomeres, foreleg 0.64, 0.27, 0.17, 0.05, 0.04; midleg 0.60, 0.26, 0.18, 0.04, 0.04; hindleg 0.63, 0.26, 0.18, 0.04, 0.03; abdomen length
<quantity id="4C909B644346C72DFC42FE14FBF403D7" box="[998,1077,413,437]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="9.8">9.8mm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="4C909B644346C72DFBEDFE15FB3903D7" box="[1097,1272,412,437]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.835" metricValueMax="10.35" metricValueMin="9.32" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="9.835" valueMax="10.35" valueMin="9.32">9.3210.35mm</quantity>
), male tergite proportions 1.00, 2.9, 1.88, 1.94, 1.62, 0.53, 0.1; male genitalia width
<quantity id="4C909B644346C72DFC0DFE49FBC803BB" box="[937,1033,448,473]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8999999999999995" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="0.69">0.69mm</quantity>
, height
<quantity id="4C909B644346C72DFBC5FE48FB7503BB" box="[1121,1204,449,473]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9mm</quantity>
. Frons medial suture strong, extending between antennal bases to dorsal margin of face. Antennal scape with five trichoid sensilla subdorsally along anterior margin; 1920 Flagellomeres. Face incised by clypeus nearly to dorsal margin. Clypeus lateral margins somewhat pinched at junction with face,
<date id="FFD610414346C72DFC9EFDA4FC970027" box="[826,854,557,581]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">2x</date>
longer than wide, weakly inflated. Hypopharynx subconical triangular, directed anterior-ventrally. Labium largely hidden by clypeo-labrum. Labella free medially, not forming pad. Antepronotum subhexagonal with two small fleshy semicircular lobes on dorsal margin. Scutum glabrous, shining, ruddy-brown with broad muddy yellow highlighting of transverse suture. Transverse fold at rear of scutum, no postscutum present. Scutellum muddy yellow, subcircular. Mediotergite ruddy-brown. Paratergite broad, blunt crescent shape. Anepisternal cleft elliptical with tapered apices, well sclerotized; anepisternal suture well developed. Metapleuron with incomplete suture, setose prominence below halter. All pleurites muddy yellow, fading to ruddy brown at ventral margin. Wing membrane with scattered macrotrichia on distal 1/10, in cells R1+2, R3, R4, R5; veins C to wing apex, Sc, R1, R3, and R4 &amp; R5 after forking with macrotrichia; alula present. Posthalter well developed, nearly twice as long as wide, free of webbing to halter. Coxae yellow, overall leg coloration brown, with an especially dark band at the apex of the femur in some individuals. White banding confined to distal tip of 1st, 2nd &amp; 3rd tarsomeres. Empodium notched proximally. Abdomen dark brown.
<emphasis id="B91CEA934346C72DFBC8FC49FB6C01BB" box="[1132,1197,960,985]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Male.</emphasis>
Epandrium broadly hexagonal in shape, bilobate, emarginate on posterior margin; anterior margin forming broad W-shape; lateral margin with obtuse lateral angle to to base of epandrial clasper approximately 2/3rds of length, posteriorly arcing medially to posteriomedial stylus; posteriomedial stylus elongate spine; posterior margin with semicircular emargination medially; epiproct not readily apparent, hypoproct ovoid. Epandrial claspers articulate at lateral apices, directed medioposteriorly, tapering to acute point, curved semi-circularly dorsally. Parameres glabrous, with acute spine directed dorsomedially arising near midpoint; distal portion of paramere curving at right angle to nearly straight vertical spine tapering to an acute point. Gonocoxite conical, expanding to gonostylus, subequal to gonostylus. Gonostylus expanding along length to round apex; basal lobe present at dorsal juncture of gonostylus and gonocoxite, rounded, less than 1/8 length of gonostylus; inner apex sensilla dorsal row with 5 sensilla extending from apex anteriorly along distal 3rd, ventral row with 910 extending from apex along distal half, both rows located along medial surface at apex, shifting to dorsal surface anteriorly. Gonopods closely associated with hypandrium. Basal division of hypandrium subhemspherical triangular, with minimal taper to straight posterior margin at joint with terminal division, anterior margin emarginate in obtuse arc, trough for gonocoxite present laterally, medial suture absent; terminal division well-articulated, foliform, lateral margins cupped dorsally, posterior margin obtuse arc, with round medial protrusion in some specimens; lateral lobes present subapically, flat, apex obtuse. Superaedeagal membrane not inflated. Sperm sac with membranous windows, ejaculatory apodeme dorsal margin strongly arced, apex obtuse point. Lateral ejaculatory process winglike, laterally compressed along entire length, expanding to broad rounded apex, dorsal margin heavily sclerotized, broad sinuous W-shape in dorsal view, ventral margin broadly connected with ventral portion; ventral lobe subquadrate, anteroventral apex extended anteriorly, extending into sperm sac. Lateral sclerites of aedeagus short, broad, compact; expanded at both anterior and posterior extremity. Aedeagal sclerites not tapering, apical apodemes of aedeagus without dorsal lobe, ventral lobe well developed, narrow, apex acute. Subaedeagal sclerite with internal dorsal section forming sclerotized plate closely associated with ventral margin of apical apodeme, posterior margin acutely divided medially nearly to apex, following dorsal curve of apical apodeme nearly to dorsal apex, forming two posteriorly directed blade-like ridges where it emerges from the superaedeagal membrane forming external section, dorsomedially with distinct suture opening posteriorly to a triangular emargination of posterior margin; ventral arm emerging internal dorsal section as arced rod.
<emphasis id="B91CEA934346C72DFC9EF805FC5405C7" box="[826,917,1932,1957]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Female.</emphasis>
Epigynium rounded dorsally, lateral margins forming broad curving arc, posterior margin with strong triangular emargination between base of cerci, medial suture present as gap in clothing setae. Cerci with well-articulated, dorsal margin rounded, apex circular, ventral margin evenly rounded; apex with button nodule with one stout trichoid sensilla; cercus to epigynium ratio 0.66, 1. Hypoproct broad triangular, fused to ventral surface of epigynium, anterior hook low and broad. Genital fork medial apex rounded point, lateral apices quadrate. Hypogynium quadrate, constricted near anterior margin, posterolateral apices with triangular posteriorly directed lobe, hypogynial valves indistinct, rounded, medial notch sub-V-shaped: 1/2 deep as broad.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF1766094359C732FF33F807FB5E0583" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/846210/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" targetBox="[203,1379,371,1901]" targetPageId="48">
<paragraph id="8BD736814359C732FF33F807FB5E0583" blockId="48.[151,1436,1934,2017]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B91CEA934359C732FF33F807FEE105C1" bold="true" box="[151,288,1934,1956]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C684D024359C732FE83F807FD8D05C6" authorityName="Alexander, Alexander" authorityYear="1967" box="[295,588,1934,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Bittacomorphella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenderiana">
<emphasis id="B91CEA934359C732FE83F807FD8D05C6" box="[295,588,1934,1956]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Bittacomorphella fenderiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Male genitalia, dorsal view; b. Male genitalia, lateral view; c. Male head, anterior view; d. Aedeagus, dorsal view e. Aedeagus, lateral view; f. Paramere, lateral view; g. Paramere, dorsal view; h. Female genitalia, lateral view; i. Hypogynium, ventral view; j. Epigynium, dorsal view. All scale bars 0.5mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C372650A4358C733FF63FF1EFED9018F" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD736814358C733FF63FF1EFAF80306" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,1040]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<materialsCitation id="3B003CDC4358C733FF63FF1EFBCE02D2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586248061" box="[199,1039,151,176]" country="United States of America" location="OREGON" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="OREGON" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B91CEA934358C733FF63FF1EFC4402D2" bold="true" box="[199,901,151,176]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<typeStatus id="54D388234358C733FF63FF1EFEC102D2" box="[199,256,151,176]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Type</typeStatus>
material examined.
<typeStatus id="54D388234358C733FDB0FF1EFD4202D2" box="[532,643,151,176]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
<collectingCountry id="F37F76114358C733FD3DFF1EFC4002D2" box="[665,897,151,176]" name="United States of America" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">UNITED STATES</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49ACF8634358C733FC32FF11FBCE02D2" box="[918,1039,152,176]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">OREGON</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B003CDC4358C733FB87FF1EFDEE029A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586248068" collectingDate="1946-05-15" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Co. Peavine Ridge &amp; McMinnville &amp; K. M. Fender" country="Canada" location="BRITISH COLUMBIA" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="BRITISH COLUMBIA" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B91CEA934358C733FB87FF1EFB7102CD" box="[1059,1200,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
Yamhill
<collectorName id="269D53574358C733FB2DFF11FB7102CD" box="[1161,1200,152,175]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Co.</collectorName>
</emphasis>
Peavine Ridge nr.
<collectorName id="269D53574358C733FF33FF35FEEF02B7" box="[151,302,188,213]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">McMinnville</collectorName>
,
<collectingDate id="EF92E9A94358C733FEE4FF35FE7002B7" box="[320,433,188,213]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1946-05-15">
<date id="FFD610414358C733FEE4FF35FE7002B7" box="[320,433,188,213]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1946-05-15">15.v.1946</date>
</collectingDate>
, coll.
<collectorName id="269D53574358C733FDA0FF34FD5D02B7" box="[516,668,188,213]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">K.M. Fender</collectorName>
[pinned
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD084358C733FCABFF35FC8202B6" box="[783,835,188,212]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, genitalia mounted on slide;
<collectionCode id="ED79AE444358C733FB09FF35FAC502B6" box="[1197,1284,188,212]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">USNM</collectionCode>
].
<emphasis id="B91CEA934358C733FAB9FF35FED6029A" bold="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<typeStatus id="54D388234358C733FAB9FF35FA5602B7" box="[1309,1431,188,213]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
<collectingCountry id="F37F76114358C733FF33FF56FED2029A" box="[151,275,223,248]" name="Canada" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">CANADA</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49ACF8634358C733FE84FF69FDEE029A" box="[288,559,224,248]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">BRITISH COLUMBIA</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B003CDC4358C733FD9FFF56FE38037E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586248062" collectingDate="1930-09-03" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="H. B. Leach" country="United States of America" location="OREGON" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="OREGON" typeStatus="paratype">
Stanley Park, Vancouver,
<collectingDate id="EF92E9A94358C733FCC5FF56FC0C029A" box="[865,973,223,248]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1930-09-03">
<date id="FFD610414358C733FCC5FF56FC0C029A" box="[865,973,223,248]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1930-09-03">3.ix.1930</date>
</collectingDate>
, coll.
<collectorName id="269D53574358C733FBB1FF69FB56029A" box="[1045,1175,223,248]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">H.B. Leach</collectorName>
[pinned
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD084358C733FB5AFF69FAEA0295" box="[1278,1323,224,248]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectionCode id="ED79AE444358C733FA9FFF69FA53029A" box="[1339,1426,224,248]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">USNM</collectionCode>
].
<emphasis id="B91CEA934358C733FF33FE8DFEB8037F" bold="true" box="[151,377,260,285]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<collectingCountry id="F37F76114358C733FF33FE8DFEB4037F" box="[151,373,260,285]" name="United States of America" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">UNITED STATES</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49ACF8634358C733FE24FE8DFE38037E" box="[384,505,260,284]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">OREGON</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B003CDC4358C733FDA6FE8DFC770322" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586248063" collectingDate="1945-06-05" collectingDateMax="1946-08-22" collectingDateMin="1945-06-05" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Co. Peavine Ridge &amp; McMinnville &amp; K. M. Fender" country="United States of America" location="WASHINGTON" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="WASHINGTON" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B91CEA934358C733FDA6FE8DFD47037E" box="[514,646,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
Yamhill
<collectorName id="269D53574358C733FDFAFE8CFD47037E" box="[606,646,261,284]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Co.</collectorName>
</emphasis>
Peavine Ridge nr.
<collectorName id="269D53574358C733FCFEFE8DFC30037F" box="[858,1009,260,285]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">McMinnville</collectorName>
,
<collectingDate id="EF92E9A94358C733FC5FFE8DFBA6037F" box="[1019,1127,260,285]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1945-06-05">
<date id="FFD610414358C733FC5FFE8DFBA6037F" box="[1019,1127,260,285]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1945-06-05">5.vi.1945</date>
</collectingDate>
, coll.
<collectorName id="269D53574358C733FB0FFE8CFA83037F" box="[1195,1346,260,285]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">K. M. Fender</collectorName>
[slide
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD084358C733FA2AFE8DFF6E035D" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingDate id="EF92E9A94358C733FF1BFEAEFEEC0322" box="[191,301,295,320]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1946-05-26">
<date id="FFD610414358C733FF1BFEAEFEEC0322" box="[191,301,295,320]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1946-05-26">26.v.1946</date>
</collectingDate>
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD084358C733FE9CFEA1FEA8035D" box="[312,361,296,320]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
; slide
<collectingDate id="EF92E9A94358C733FE1DFEAEFD800322" box="[441,577,295,320]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1946-08-22">
<date id="FFD610414358C733FE1DFEAEFD800322" box="[441,577,295,320]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1946-08-22">22.viii.1946</date>
</collectingDate>
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD084358C733FDEFFEA1FDBD035D" box="[587,636,296,320]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectionCode id="ED79AE444358C733FD28FEA1FD220322" box="[652,739,296,320]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">USNM</collectionCode>
].
<collectingRegion id="49ACF8634358C733FD5CFEA1FC770322" box="[760,950,296,320]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">WASHINGTON</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B003CDC4358C733FC60FEA0FAF80306" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586248077" collectingDate="1905-07" collectingDateMax="1940-08-18" collectingDateMin="1905-07" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Co. Keyport &amp; R. W. Doane &amp; Townes" country="United States of America" county="Pierce Co." location="Pierce Co." pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="WASHINGTON" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B91CEA934358C733FC60FEA0FB81035D" box="[964,1088,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
Kitsap
<collectorName id="269D53574358C733FBBCFEA1FB81035D" box="[1048,1088,296,319]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Co.</collectorName>
</emphasis>
Keyport,
<collectingDate id="EF92E9A94358C733FB1DFEAEFAD60322" box="[1209,1303,295,320]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1905-07">
<date id="FFD610414358C733FB1DFEAEFAD60322" box="[1209,1303,295,320]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1905-07">vii.1905</date>
</collectingDate>
, coll.
<collectorName id="269D53574358C733FAC7FEA1FF210306" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">R.W. Doane</collectorName>
[slide
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD084358C733FE88FEC5FE980306" box="[300,345,332,356]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectionCode id="ED79AE444358C733FEC1FEC5FE770306" box="[357,438,332,356]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">USNM</collectionCode>
<emphasis id="B91CEA934358C733FE12FEC4FD890306" box="[438,584,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
];
<collectingCounty id="62B64E0D4358C733FE75FEC4FD890306" box="[465,584,333,356]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Pierce Co.</collectingCounty>
</emphasis>
Ashford,
<collectingDate id="EF92E9A94358C733FD1CFEC5FC830307" box="[696,834,332,357]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1940-08-18">
<date id="FFD610414358C733FD1CFEC5FC830307" box="[696,834,332,357]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1940-08-18">18.viii.1940</date>
</collectingDate>
, H.
<collectorName id="269D53574358C733FCD4FEC4FC080306" box="[880,969,333,356]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Townes</collectorName>
, M.
<collectorName id="269D53574358C733FC58FEC4FB920306" box="[1020,1107,333,356]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Townes</collectorName>
[slide
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD084358C733FB3BFEC5FB0A0306" box="[1183,1227,332,356]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectionCode id="ED79AE444358C733FB73FEC5FAEF0306" box="[1239,1326,332,356]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">USNM</collectionCode>
].
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD736814358C733FF63FEE6FD60015A" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,1040]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<materialsCitation id="3B003CDC4358C733FF63FEE6FC5803EA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586248055" box="[199,921,367,392]" country="United States of America" location="CALIFORNIA" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="CALIFORNIA">
<emphasis id="B91CEA934358C733FF63FEE6FD2403EA" bold="true" box="[199,741,367,392]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
Other material examined.
<collectingCountry id="F37F76114358C733FDA7FEE6FD2103EA" box="[515,736,367,392]" name="United States of America" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">UNITED STATES</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49ACF8634358C733FD48FEF9FC5803EA" box="[748,921,368,392]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">CALIFORNIA</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B003CDC4358C733FC00FEE6FD3503CE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586248057" collectingDate="1982-06-14" collectorName="R. W. Brooks" country="United States of America" county="Humboldt Co." location="Arcata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="OREGON">
<collectingCounty id="62B64E0D4358C733FC00FEE6FB8203E5" box="[932,1091,367,392]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B91CEA934358C733FC00FEE6FB8203E5" box="[932,1091,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Humboldt Co.</emphasis>
</collectingCounty>
<quantity id="4C909B644358C733FBEEFEE6FB4703EA" box="[1098,1158,367,392]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
. NE.
<location id="8EB7605A4358C733FB61FEF9FAD203EA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187974347C733FF33FBD7FE0B0672:8EB7605A4358C733FB61FEF9FAD203EA" box="[1221,1299,368,392]" country="United States of America" county="Humboldt Co." name="Arcata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" stateProvince="OREGON">Arcata</location>
,
<collectingDate id="EF92E9A94358C733FAB9FEE6FA5603EA" box="[1309,1431,367,392]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1982-06-14">
<date id="FFD610414358C733FAB9FEE6FA5603EA" box="[1309,1431,367,392]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1982-06-14">14.vi.1982</date>
</collectingDate>
, coll.
<collectorName id="269D53574358C733FF74FE1CFEA003CF" box="[208,353,404,429]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">R.W. Brooks</collectorName>
[pinned
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD084358C733FE63FE1DFE3503CE" box="[455,500,404,428]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD084358C733FDA5FE1DFDEC03CE" box="[513,557,404,428]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; KU].
<collectingRegion id="49ACF8634358C733FDD8FE1DFD3503CE" box="[636,756,404,428]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">OREGON</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B003CDC4358C733FCA4FE1CFDAB03B2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586248066" collectingDate="1985-06-08" collectionCode="ISIC" collectorName="J. K. Furnish" country="United States of America" county="Benton Co." location="Oak Creek" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="OREGON">
<collectingCounty id="62B64E0D4358C733FCA4FE1CFCBE03CE" box="[768,895,405,428]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B91CEA934358C733FCA4FE1CFCBE03CE" box="[768,895,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Benton Co.</emphasis>
</collectingCounty>
Muddy swamp near
<location id="8EB7605A4358C733FBCBFE1DFB2803CF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187974347C733FF33FBD7FE0B0672:8EB7605A4358C733FBCBFE1DFB2803CF" box="[1135,1257,404,429]" country="United States of America" county="Benton Co." name="Oak Creek" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" stateProvince="OREGON">Oak Creek</location>
Lab,
<collectingDate id="EF92E9A94358C733FA8FFE1DFA5603CF" box="[1323,1431,404,429]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1985-06-08">
<date id="FFD610414358C733FA8FFE1DFA5603CF" box="[1323,1431,404,429]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1985-06-08">8.vi.1985</date>
</collectingDate>
, coll.
<collectorName id="269D53574358C733FF74FE31FE9A03B2" box="[208,347,439,464]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">J.K. Furnish</collectorName>
[alcohol 1 larva;
<collectionCode id="ED79AE444358C733FD8CFE31FDA203B2" box="[552,611,440,464]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">ISIC</collectionCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B003CDC4358C733FDD3FE3EFC4B0396" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586248075" collectingDate="1962-04-25" collectingDateMax="1965-04-02" collectingDateMin="1962-04-25" collectionCode="ORSU" collectorName="D. L. Mays" country="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" location="Corvallis" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCount="19" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="17">
<quantity id="4C909B644358C733FDD3FE3EFD6F03B2" box="[631,686,439,464]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.04672" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mi" value="5.0">5 mi</quantity>
. NW
<location id="8EB7605A4358C733FD56FE3EFC9D03B2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187974347C733FF33FBD7FE0B0672:8EB7605A4358C733FD56FE3EFC9D03B2" box="[754,860,439,464]" country="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" name="Corvallis" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Corvallis</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37F76114358C733FCCCFE3EFC2103B2" box="[872,992,439,464]" name="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">McDonald</collectingCountry>
For. Oak Creek Gate,
<collectingDate id="EF92E9A94358C733FB41FE3EFA9F03B2" box="[1253,1374,439,464]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1962-04-25">
<date id="FFD610414358C733FB41FE3EFA9F03B2" box="[1253,1374,439,464]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1962-04-25">25.iv.1962</date>
</collectingDate>
, coll.
<collectorName id="269D53574358C733FF33FE54FED10397" box="[151,272,477,501]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">D.L. Mays</collectorName>
[pinned
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD084358C733FED1FE55FE630396" box="[373,418,476,500]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingDate id="EF92E9A94358C733FE0AFE55FDE50397" box="[430,548,476,501]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1963-04-10">
<date id="FFD610414358C733FE0AFE55FDE50397" box="[430,548,476,501]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1963-04-10">10.iv.1963</date>
</collectingDate>
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD084358C733FD88FE55FDA60396" box="[556,615,476,500]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="male">13 ♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingDate id="EF92E9A94358C733FDD7FE55FD1C0396" box="[627,733,476,501]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1965-04-02">
<date id="FFD610414358C733FDD7FE55FD1C0396" box="[627,733,476,501]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1965-04-02">
iv.1965
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD084358C733FD6AFE55FD1C0396" box="[718,733,476,500]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="male">2</specimenCount>
</date>
</collectingDate>
♂,
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD084358C733FCA4FE55FCE50396" box="[768,804,476,500]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectionCode id="ED79AE444358C733FC96FE55FC420396" box="[818,899,476,500]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">ORSU</collectionCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B003CDC4358C733FC31FE55FBE0007A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586248070" collectingDate="2008-07-09" collectionCode="ISIC" collectorName="J. D. Petersen" country="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" latitude="45.3366" location="Horsethief Mdw" longLatPrecision="39" longitude="-121.573" municipality="Hood River Co. Mt." pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB3ACFB4358C733FC31FE55FBB70396" box="[917,1142,476,501]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B91CEA934358C733FC31FE55FB860396" box="[917,1095,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Hood River Co.</emphasis>
Mt.
</collectingMunicipality>
Hood NF near
<location id="8EB7605A4358C733FA82FE55FF12007A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187974347C733FF33FBD7FE0B0672:8EB7605A4358C733FA82FE55FF12007A" country="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" latitude="45.3366" longLatPrecision="39" longitude="-121.573" municipality="Hood River Co. Mt." name="Horsethief Mdw" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Horsethief Mdw</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C50464358C733FF7AFE76FE9D007A" box="[222,348,511,536]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="5" value="45.3366">45.3366°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C50464358C733FEC2FE76FE26007A" box="[358,487,511,536]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="55" value="-121.573">121.573°W</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate id="EF92E9A94358C733FE57FE76FDA7007A" box="[499,614,511,536]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2008-07-09">
<date id="FFD610414358C733FE57FE76FDA7007A" box="[499,614,511,536]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2008-07-09">9.vii.2008</date>
</collectingDate>
, coll.
<collectorName id="269D53574358C733FD0EFD89FCFC0075" box="[682,829,512,535]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">J.D. Petersen</collectorName>
[alcohol
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD084358C733FC03FD89FC150075" box="[935,980,512,536]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectionCode id="ED79AE444358C733FC44FD89FBDB007A" box="[992,1050,512,536]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">ISIC</collectionCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B003CDC4358C733FB88FD88FD4F005E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586248074" collectingDate="1959-06-24" collectorName="G. W. Byers" country="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" location="Lane Co. Salt Creek" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1">
<location id="8EB7605A4358C733FB88FD88FAD3007A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187974347C733FF33FBD7FE0B0672:8EB7605A4358C733FB88FD88FAD3007A" box="[1068,1298,511,536]" country="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" name="Lane Co. Salt Creek" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B91CEA934358C733FB88FD88FB520075" box="[1068,1171,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Lane Co.</emphasis>
Salt Creek
</location>
,
<collectingDate id="EF92E9A94358C733FAB9FE76FA59007A" box="[1309,1432,511,536]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1959-06-24">
<date id="FFD610414358C733FAB9FE76FA59007A" box="[1309,1432,511,536]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1959-06-24">24.vi.1959</date>
</collectingDate>
, coll.
<collectorName id="269D53574358C733FF72FDADFE9A005F" box="[214,347,548,573]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">G.W. Byers</collectorName>
[pinned
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD084358C733FE69FDADFDC1005E" box="[461,512,548,572]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD084358C733FDB7FDADFD84005E" box="[531,581,548,572]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
; KU]
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B003CDC4358C733FD05FDADFD18003D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586248067" collectingDate="1953-06-13" collectionCode="UMMZ" collectorName="K. M. Fender" country="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" county="Yamhill Co." location="Yamhill Co." pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="2">
<collectingCounty id="62B64E0D4358C733FD05FDADFCEA005E" box="[673,811,548,573]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B91CEA934358C733FD05FDADFCE5005E" box="[673,804,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Yamhill Co</emphasis>
.
</collectingCounty>
Peavine Ridge,
<collectingDate id="EF92E9A94358C733FC52FDADFBB0005F" box="[1014,1137,548,573]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1953-06-13">
<date id="FFD610414358C733FC52FDADFBB0005F" box="[1014,1137,548,573]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1953-06-13">13.vi.1953</date>
</collectingDate>
, coll.
<collectorName id="269D53574358C733FB66FDACFA9D005F" box="[1218,1372,548,573]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">K.M. Fender</collectorName>
; also
<collectingDate id="EF92E9A94358C733FF33FDCEFE500002" box="[151,401,583,608]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<date id="FFD610414358C733FF33FDCEFED10002" box="[151,272,583,608]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1953-06-16">16.vi.1953</date>
,
<date id="FFD610414358C733FEBBFDCEFE500002" box="[287,401,583,608]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1953-07-07">7.vii.1953</date>
</collectingDate>
[pinned
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD084358C733FE5EFDC1FDE9003D" box="[506,552,584,608]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD084358C733FD93FDC1FDA4003D" box="[567,613,584,608]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectionCode id="ED79AE444358C733FDD2FDC1FD12003D" box="[630,723,584,607]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">UMMZ</collectionCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B003CDC4358C733FD4CFDCEFBE300E6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586248058" collectingDate="2011-07-13" collectionCode="ISIC" collectorName="G. W. Courtney" country="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" latitude="45.2396" location="upper Deer Creek" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-123.38583" municipality="Peavine Road" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB3ACFB4358C733FD4CFDCEFC490002" box="[744,904,583,608]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Peavine Road</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EB7605A4358C733FC32FDC1FBA40002" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187974347C733FF33FBD7FE0B0672:8EB7605A4358C733FC32FDC1FBA40002" box="[918,1125,583,608]" country="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" latitude="45.2396" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-123.38583" municipality="Peavine Road" name="upper Deer Creek" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">upper Deer Creek</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C50464358C733FBD7FDCEFB310002" box="[1139,1264,583,608]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="5" value="45.2396">45.2396°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C50464358C733FB5FFDCEFA590002" box="[1275,1432,583,608]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="1" value="-123.38583">123.38583°W</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate id="EF92E9A94358C733FF33FDE5FED700E7" box="[151,278,620,645]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2011-07-13">
<date id="FFD610414358C733FF33FDE5FED700E7" box="[151,278,620,645]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2011-07-13">13.vii.2011</date>
</collectingDate>
coll.
<collectorName id="269D53574358C733FEC4FDE5FDCC00E6" box="[352,525,620,644]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">G.W. Courtney</collectorName>
, from roadside seepage [alcohol
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD084358C733FC38FDE5FC0C00E6" box="[924,973,620,644]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectionCode id="ED79AE444358C733FC44FDE5FBDA00E6" box="[992,1051,620,644]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">ISIC</collectionCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B003CDC4358C733FB97FDE5FC8F0092" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586248069" collectingDate="1953-07-20" collectingDateMax="2012-05-28" collectingDateMin="1953-07-20" collectionCode="ISIC, UMMZ" collectorName="G. W. Courtney &amp; K. M. Fender &amp; Pinned" country="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" elevation="45" latitude="47.551" location="WASHINGTON" longLatPrecision="66" longitude="-124.196" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCount="26" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-larva="23" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="WASHINGTON">
<collectingRegion id="49ACF8634358C733FB97FDE5FB3000E6" box="[1075,1265,620,644]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">WASHINGTON</collectingRegion>
.
<emphasis id="B91CEA934358C733FAA5FDE5FA5D00E6" box="[1281,1436,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Jefferson Co.</emphasis>
Olympic National Park, Queets River Valley mile 2.0,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C50464358C733FC88FD06FC5A00CA" box="[812,923,655,680]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="55" value="47.551">47.551°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C50464358C733FC02FD06FBE600CA" box="[934,1063,655,680]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="55" value="-124.196">124.196°W</geoCoordinate>
<elevation id="0045D1B24358C733FB97FD06FBA900CA" box="[1075,1128,655,680]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="45.0">
<quantity id="4C909B644358C733FB97FD06FBA900CA" box="[1075,1128,655,680]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="45.0">45m</quantity>
</elevation>
,
<collectingDate id="EF92E9A94358C733FBDDFD19FADB00CA" box="[1145,1306,656,680]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2011-05-28">
<date id="FFD610414358C733FBDDFD19FADB00CA" box="[1145,1306,656,680]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2011-05-28">28 May 2011</date>
</collectingDate>
coll.
<collectorName id="269D53574358C733FAC1FD19FEC100AE" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">G.W. Courtney</collectorName>
, from roadside seepage (alcohol:
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD084358C733FDD9FD3DFD6B00AE" box="[637,682,692,716]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD084358C733FD13FD3DFD1A00AE" box="[695,731,692,716]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectingDate id="EF92E9A94358C733FD4DFD3DFC9900AE" box="[745,856,692,716]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2012-05-28">
<date id="FFD610414358C733FD4DFD3DFC9900AE" box="[745,856,692,716]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2012-05-28">28.v.2012</date>
</collectingDate>
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD084358C733FCFBFD3DFC0A00AF" box="[863,971,692,717]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="larva">23 larvae</specimenCount>
;
<collectionCode id="ED79AE444358C733FC73FD3DFBD000AE" box="[983,1041,692,716]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">ISIC</collectionCode>
]; Olympic Nat. Park, Olympic Hot Spgs.,
<collectingDate id="EF92E9A94358C733FF43FD5EFE420092" box="[231,387,727,752]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1953-07-20">
<date id="FFD610414358C733FF43FD5EFE420092" box="[231,387,727,752]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1953-07-20">July 20 1953</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName id="269D53574358C733FE37FD51FDE90092" box="[403,552,727,752]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">K.M. Fender</collectorName>
(
<collectorName id="269D53574358C733FD9FFD5EFD4E0092" box="[571,655,727,752]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Pinned</collectorName>
:
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD084358C733FD39FD51FD0D0092" box="[669,716,728,752]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
) (
<collectionCode id="ED79AE444358C733FD4CFD51FC870092" box="[744,838,728,752]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">UMMZ</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B003CDC4358C733FCF8FD50FCB70176" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586248059" collectingDate="1998-04-26" collectingDateMax="1998-05-17" collectingDateMin="1998-04-26" collectionCode="ORSU" collectorName="B. K. Urbain" country="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" county="King Co." location="Lake Sammamish" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="WASHINGTON">
<collectingCounty id="62B64E0D4358C733FCF8FD50FC07008D" box="[860,966,728,752]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B91CEA934358C733FCF8FD50FC07008D" box="[860,966,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">King Co.</emphasis>
</collectingCounty>
Issaqua: near
<location id="8EB7605A4358C733FBD1FD5EFA840092" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187974347C733FF33FBD7FE0B0672:8EB7605A4358C733FBD1FD5EFA840092" box="[1141,1349,727,752]" country="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" county="King Co." name="Lake Sammamish" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" stateProvince="WASHINGTON">Lake Sammamish</location>
,
<collectingDate id="EF92E9A94358C733FAF1FD5EFEC90176" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1998-04-26" valueMax="1998-05-17" valueMin="1998-04-26">
<date id="FFD610414358C733FAF1FD5EFEC90176" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1998-04-26" valueMax="1998-05-17" valueMin="1998-04-26">26.iv 17.v.1998</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName id="269D53574358C733FEB8FD74FE700177" box="[284,433,764,789]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">B.K. Urbain</collectorName>
,
<collectingMethod id="52294E964358C733FE60FD75FDA10176" box="[452,608,764,789]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Malaise Trap</collectingMethod>
[pinned
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD084358C733FD71FD75FCC80176" box="[725,777,764,788]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectionCode id="ED79AE444358C733FCBBFD75FCB10176" box="[799,880,764,788]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">ORSU</collectionCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B003CDC4358C733FC2DFD74FD5F015A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586248060" collectingDate="1905-08-02" collectionCode="USNM" country="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" county="Pierce Co." location="Pierce Co." pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="WASHINGTON">
<collectingCounty id="62B64E0D4358C733FC2DFD74FBC90176" box="[905,1032,765,788]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B91CEA934358C733FC2DFD74FBC90176" box="[905,1032,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Pierce Co.</emphasis>
</collectingCounty>
Longmires Springs, Mt. Rainer,
<collectingDate id="EF92E9A94358C733FF33FC96FED3015A" box="[151,274,799,824]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1905-08-02">
<date id="FFD610414358C733FF33FC96FED3015A" box="[151,274,799,824]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1905-08-02">2.viii.1905</date>
</collectingDate>
, no collector [pinned
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD084358C733FDA3FCA9FDF50155" box="[519,564,800,824]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectionCode id="ED79AE444358C733FD9BFCA9FD57015A" box="[575,662,800,824]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">USNM</collectionCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD736814358C733FF63FCCDFED9018F" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,1040]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B91CEA934358C733FF63FCCDFE64013F" bold="true" box="[199,421,836,861]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Taxonomic notes.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C684D024358C733FE1FFCCDFCCE013F" authorityName="Alexander, Alexander" authorityYear="1967" box="[443,783,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Bittacomorphella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenderiana">
<emphasis id="B91CEA934358C733FE1FFCCDFCCE013F" box="[443,783,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Bittacomorphella fenderiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be easily separated from the other Nearctic
<taxonomicName id="4C684D024358C733FF33FCEEFE9A01E2" authorityName="Alexander, Alexander" authorityYear="1965" box="[151,347,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Bittacomorphella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91CEA934358C733FF33FCEEFE9A01E2" box="[151,347,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Bittacomorphella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the combination of legs with a single white band at tarsomeres 1, 2, and 3 with the margins of the scutum outlined in yellow, the yellow forming a distinct patch posteromedially. Additionally,
<taxonomicName id="4C684D024358C733FB45FC05FA4001C7" authorityName="Alexander, Alexander" authorityYear="1967" box="[1249,1409,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Bittacomorphella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenderiana">
<emphasis id="B91CEA934358C733FB45FC05FA4001C7" box="[1249,1409,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Bl. fenderiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only species of
<taxonomicName id="4C684D024358C733FED3FC26FD8101AA" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1920" box="[375,576,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Bittacomorphinae">Bittacomorphinae</taxonomicName>
in the Nearctic with a strongly bilobate epandrium and a basal lobe on the gonostylus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C372650A4358C733FF63FC7EFE0B0672" box="[199,458,1015,1040]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD736814358C733FF63FC7EFE0B0672" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,1040]" box="[199,458,1015,1040]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B91CEA934358C733FF63FC7EFEA10672" bold="true" box="[199,352,1015,1040]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Distribution.</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="13532A044358C733FEC3FC7EFE790672" box="[359,440,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1140,1162]" captionTargetBox="[152,1425,181,1119]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[149,1434,181,1119]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 19. Nearctic Bittacomorphella distributions. a. Bl. pacifica; b. Bl. furcata (star &amp; square) and Bl. sackenii (circles); c. Bl. fenderiana; d. Bl. jonesi. Stars indicates type locality." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/846218/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
c.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>