503 lines
63 KiB
XML
503 lines
63 KiB
XML
<document id="6EBA4931621A252217181C770E5A2CE1" ID-CLB-Dataset="20711" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5099.1.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="69f07912-2097-47e6-bc57-dfb7c4d8e70e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6036691" ID-ZooBank="934C6AE1-7C92-4889-8DEC-F3C31C8A060F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1644487360350" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sáfián, Szabolcs, Bayliss, Julian & Congdon, T. Colin E." docDate="2022" docId="03BDF23BCB400E4DEBAA1D4BFD7EF8D7" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5099.1.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5099 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Iolaus collinsi Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="60" masterDocId="FF848A43CB490E43EB3D1911FF9FFFA5" masterDocTitle="Description of four IolausHübner, 1819 species in the subgenus PhiliolausStempffer & Bennett, 1958 from East Africa, assigned to the proposed I. maritimus species group (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Theclinae)" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="46" pageNumber="55" updateTime="1699308147107" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A647D08248D3F481BD8D3E94063621E1">
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<mods:title id="2B5EAC05D384E64906E5698835D0B833">Description of four IolausHübner, 1819 species in the subgenus PhiliolausStempffer & Bennett, 1958 from East Africa, assigned to the proposed I. maritimus species group (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Theclinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="4EFCE14016B8CDF0D4DC87743E13452D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="61B95A7AEB7CB3CD9507B3354A81A649">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="6E5282A8E19D3504AC85286C88F42A19">Sáfián, Szabolcs</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4D633B94CEB6AC975DA4B5DBB24D30C0" type="ORCID">0000-0002-0614-4203</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="CA907C249E72DC555CC51B344F16E7E4">African Butterfly Research Institute, P. O. Box 14308, 0800 Nairobi, Kenya. & Institute of Silviculture and Forest Protection, University of Sopron, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky út 4. H 9400 Sopron, Hungary. Corresponding author. szsafian @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0614 - 4203</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="54EF12A3D047A722ECC140A826A0E016" type="email">szsafian@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="A6D8F95DE8E83D426A01681F513FB215" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CD72B7DECC18460898C1D2F2394F5A25">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="6AB40D5E6299AD31B26A39AA58923F8F">Bayliss, Julian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4AF8EC571A75D1903CA508182DFD9F87" type="ORCID">0000-0002-1480-294X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="12AB518415CDD50BE3A9C7E09E8C5725">African Butterfly Research Institute, P. O. Box 14308, 0800 Nairobi, Kenya. & Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX 3 0 BP, United Kingdom. jlbayliss @ yahoo. co. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1480 - 294 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="DD85EEC8BF879DD2B441B6234321A330" type="email">jlbayliss@yahoo.co.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="3909180B145D3FE0185AAB131C7A81A5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="1399981998C1C65871AF450450BCFCEE">Congdon, T. Colin E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6C6ABD9A17F590B9EF58CF0A62BF4783">African Butterfly Research Institute, P. O. Box 14308, 0800 Nairobi, Kenya.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A553233F0F4A4BDB3FB4BB5847710E41">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="86C84B747C4F9FC99AF047953D29B506">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="BF1D0CC0DC2383B8127F72DFD647F796">
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<mods:date id="A0ED9D0C2B3B2E62A8D5A5910DFE1C37">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CE977C4A98713D9527645AF74FA4245B">2022-02-10</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="235CD8A363E1981188ED4D428F470B5B">5099</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="9185232FD9320780FA22F77A780CE07F">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="A58FD405190D22326DDBD4D927BEBBFD">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="873A52141A66F8511C612A943549E91B" type="CLB-Dataset">20711</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AC26CAF68D7201B14A2D278246B32833" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5099.1.2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="86867153FC7F033B5B152F76380B3B05" type="GBIF-Dataset">69f07912-2097-47e6-bc57-dfb7c4d8e70e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2F8234D11F751B883F20413C460EE77B" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BDF23BCB400E4DEBAA1D4BFD7EF8D7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6037890" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193331482" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6037890" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF23BCB400E4DEBAA1D4BFD7EF8D7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BDF23BCB400E4DEBAA1D4BFD7EF8D7" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">
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<subSubSection id="C30E10A6CB400E4AEBAA1D4BFDE4FB3C" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB400E4AEBAA1D4BFD60FBD1" blockId="9.[151,767,1113,1177]" box="[151,767,1113,1141]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">
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<heading id="D0E3F441CB400E4AEBAA1D4BFD60FBD1" bold="true" box="[151,767,1113,1141]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB400E4AEBAA1D4BFD60FBD1" bold="true" box="[151,767,1113,1141]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB400E4AEBAA1D4BFEDCFBD0" authority="Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon, 2022" authorityName="Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,323,1114,1141]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collinsi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB400E4AEBAA1D4BFEDCFBD0" bold="true" box="[151,323,1114,1141]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">Iolaus collinsi</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2532244CB400E4AEA771D4AFE37FBD0" box="[330,424,1115,1141]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Sáfián, Bayliss & Congdon
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB400E4AEBAA1D6EFDE4FB3C" blockId="9.[151,767,1113,1177]" box="[151,635,1150,1177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">FIGS.: 2C, F; 3C, F; 4C; 5C; 6C, F; 7C; 10</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C30E10A6CB400E4AEBAA1DD6FBBFFAD4" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB400E4AEBAA1DD6FECAFA8C" blockId="9.[151,1437,1222,2041]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">
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<materialsCitation id="3B7C4970CB400E4AEBAA1DD6FECAFA8C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3464449311" collectingDate="2008-11-20" collectingDateMax="2008-11-30" collectingDateMin="2008-11-20" collectionCode="T, ABRI" collectorName="Namuli, NE & Bred. Leg. & Bayliss, J. & Bampton, I & T. Colin E. Congdon & Hassan, M. & Deposited" country="Mozambique" elevation="1900" location="Mount Namuli" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" specimenCode="SAFI00359" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB400E4AEBAA1DD6FE92FB44" bold="true" box="[151,269,1223,1249]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">
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<typeStatus id="54AFFD8FCB400E4AEBAA1DD6FE97FB44" box="[151,264,1223,1249]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCount id="9D1288A4CB400E4AEA2B1DD6FEB4FB44" box="[278,299,1223,1249]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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<collectingCountry id="F30303BDCB400E4AEA091DD6FE67FB44" box="[308,504,1223,1249]" name="Mozambique" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">MOZAMBIQUE</collectingCountry>
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,
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<location id="8ECB15F6CB400E4AE9391DD6FD31FB45" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF23BCB400E4DEBAA1D4BFD7EF8D7:8ECB15F6CB400E4AE9391DD6FD31FB45" box="[516,686,1222,1249]" country="Mozambique" name="Mount Namuli" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">
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Mount
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<collectorName id="26E126FBCB400E4AE96A1DD7FD31FB45" box="[599,686,1222,1248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">Namuli</collectorName>
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</location>
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, NE Mozambique
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<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB400E4AE8B81DD6FC41FB44" box="[901,990,1223,1249]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="1900.0">
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<elevation id="0039A41ECB400E4AE8B81DD6FC41FB44" box="[901,990,1223,1249]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="1900.0">1900 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FFAA65EDCB400E4AE8D61DD6FB0FFB44" box="[1003,1168,1223,1249]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" value="2008-11-20" valueMax="2008-11-30" valueMin="2008-11-20">
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<collectingDate id="EFEE9C05CB400E4AE8D61DD6FB0FFB44" box="[1003,1168,1223,1249]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" value="2008-11-20" valueMax="2008-11-30" valueMin="2008-11-20">20-30.XI.2008</collectingDate>
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</date>
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||
<collectorName id="26E126FBCB400E4AEFA51DD7FA8AFB44" box="[1176,1301,1222,1249]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">Bred. Leg.</collectorName>
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||
:
|
||
<collectorName id="26E126FBCB400E4AEE1C1DD7FA08FB44" box="[1313,1431,1222,1249]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">Bayliss, J.</collectorName>
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||
,
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||
<collectorName id="26E126FBCB400E4AEBAA1DFAFE85FAA0" box="[151,282,1259,1285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">Bampton, I</collectorName>
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||
. Congdon,
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||
<collectionCode id="ED05DBE8CB400E4AEAA01DFAFE2EFAA0" box="[413,433,1259,1285]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">T</collectionCode>
|
||
.
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||
<collectorName id="26E126FBCB400E4AEA881DFAFE78FAA0" box="[437,487,1259,1285]" name="T. Colin E. Congdon" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">C.E.</collectorName>
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||
,
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||
<collectorName id="26E126FBCB400E4AEAC81DFAFDE9FAA0" box="[501,630,1259,1285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">Hassan, M.</collectorName>
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||
Gen. prep.:
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||
<specimenCode id="DBB2EB56CB400E4AE83B1DFBFC13FAA0" box="[774,908,1258,1285]" collectionCode="SAFI" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">SAFI00359</specimenCode>
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||
.
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||
<collectionCode id="ED05DBE8CB400E4AE8AA1DFAFC45FAA0" box="[919,986,1259,1285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">ABRI</collectionCode>
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||
unique number: ABRI-2019-3061.
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||
<collectorName id="26E126FBCB400E4AEE4F1DFAFF77FA8D" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">Deposited</collectorName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED05DBE8CB400E4AEA371C1EFECEFA8C" box="[266,337,1295,1321]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">ABRI</collectionCode>
|
||
.
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB400E4AEBFA1C22FBBFFAD4" blockId="9.[151,1437,1222,2041]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">
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<materialsCitation id="3B7C4970CB400E4AEBFA1C22FAB4FAE8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3464449303" box="[199,1323,1330,1357]" collectingDate="2008-11-28" collectionCode="T" collectorName="Bayliss, J." country="Mozambique" location="Mount Namuli" municipality="Congdon" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB400E4AEBFA1C22FEA2FAE8" bold="true" box="[199,317,1331,1357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">
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<typeStatus id="54AFFD8FCB400E4AEBFA1C22FEA7FAE8" box="[199,312,1331,1357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1288A4CB400E4AEA781C22FEF7FAE8" box="[325,360,1331,1357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30303BDCB400E4AEA521C22FDACFAE8" box="[367,563,1331,1357]" name="Mozambique" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">MOZAMBIQUE</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8ECB15F6CB400E4AE9031C22FD7AFAE9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF23BCB400E4DEBAA1D4BFD7EF8D7:8ECB15F6CB400E4AE9031C22FD7AFAE9" box="[574,741,1330,1357]" country="Mozambique" municipality="Congdon" name="Mount Namuli" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">Mount Namuli</location>
|
||
<date id="FFAA65EDCB400E4AE9D11C22FC49FAE8" box="[748,982,1330,1357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" value="2008-11-28">
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||
<collectingDate id="EFEE9C05CB400E4AE9D11C22FC49FAE8" box="[748,982,1330,1357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" value="2008-11-28">
|
||
28
|
||
<superScript id="7C61EE65CB400E4AE8351C23FC8AFAE5" attach="left" box="[776,789,1330,1344]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">th</superScript>
|
||
November 2008
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
. Leg.:
|
||
<collectorName id="26E126FBCB400E4AEF1F1C23FB09FAE8" box="[1058,1174,1330,1357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">Bayliss, J.</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCFD957CB400E4AEF9E1C23FA92FAE9" box="[1187,1293,1330,1356]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">Congdon</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED05DBE8CB400E4AEE2A1C22FAB4FAE8" box="[1303,1323,1331,1357]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">T</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7C4970CB400E4AEE121C22FE2EFAD4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3464449301" collectionCode="ABRI" collectorName="C. E. Gen." country="Mozambique" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" specimenCode="SAFI00360" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectorName id="26E126FBCB400E4AEE121C22FA02FAE8" box="[1327,1437,1331,1357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">C.E. Gen.</collectorName>
|
||
prep.:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB2EB56CB400E4AEBE21C47FEFAFAD5" box="[223,357,1366,1392]" collectionCode="SAFI" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">SAFI00360</specimenCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED05DBE8CB400E4AEA531C46FE2EFAD4" box="[366,433,1367,1393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">ABRI</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
unique number: ABRI-2019-3062. Deposited in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED05DBE8CB400E4AE8E81C46FB83FAD4" box="[981,1052,1367,1393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">ABRI</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30E10A6CB400E49EBFA1C6BFF40FC1B" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB400E49EBFA1C6BFB02FEB8" blockId="9.[151,1437,1222,2041]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,2029]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB400E4AEBFA1C6BFE25FA30" bold="true" box="[199,442,1402,1429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">Description of male.</emphasis>
|
||
Forewing length:
|
||
<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB400E4AE9B11C6BFD6BFA30" box="[652,756,1402,1429]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="21.5">21.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Wingspan:
|
||
<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB400E4AE8421C6BFC77FA30" box="[895,1000,1402,1429]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.95" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="39.5">39.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. General appearance as males of other species in the subgenera
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB400E4AEA971C8FFD88FA1D" box="[426,535,1438,1464]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">Argiolaus</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB400E4AE9711C8FFD20FA1D" authorityName="Stempffer & Bennett" authorityYear="1958" box="[588,703,1438,1464]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB400E4AE9711C8FFD20FA1D" box="[588,703,1438,1464]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">Philiolaus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with black ground colour overlaid by extensive iridescent blue on upperside, and dirty white underside with black and orange submarginal lines and two tails at the tip of veins 1 and 2 and a small kick at the tip of vein 3 on the hindwing. Upperside blue colour of royal blue tone with no greenish or silverish tinge. Slightly less than basal half of forewing covered with blue, except along costa, where black extends almost to base, leaving a broad,
|
||
<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB400E4AE9381F3FFDC3F9EC" box="[517,604,1582,1609]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
black costal margin. Black outer margin very broad,
|
||
<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB400E4AEF8A1F3EFB66F9EC" box="[1207,1273,1583,1609]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
at tornus. The outer edge of blue area evenly rounded, except in space 3 where edge of blue patch slightly lobed. Majority of hindwing covered with blue, except dark grey-black space 1a, along dark grey-black costa and the broad black margin between apex and tornus. Black margin tapers down from
|
||
<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB400E4AE8171F8BFC1FF910" box="[810,896,1690,1717]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
at apex to fine black marginal line at the end of vein 3. Androconia cover most of cell and upper part of wing to black costa, dark greasy grey-black with black, well-defined oval heart. Prominent black tornal spot present at the end of space 2, while the tip of space 1b entirely black. Tornal lobe dark claret-red, with black margin. Underside dirty white, with creamy tinge along forewing costa and very faint grey dusting along forewing and hindwing margin. Forewing with obsolete, slightly curving blackish submarginal line between veins 2 and 7. Forewing androconial hair tuft beige. On hindwing, narrow, pale orange inner submarginal line keeps strongly away from outer margin, reaching costa
|
||
<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB400E4AEF381E62FBD9F828" box="[1029,1094,1907,1933]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
from apex. Outer submarginal line absent. Tornal spot at the end of space 1a claret-red, that in space 2 bright red, connected to tornal end of orange submarginal line. Tails black with white edge. Fringes short along outer margin of forewing, black on upperside, longer, grey along inner margin. Fringes black on hindwing outer margin, replaced by longer whitish hairs along inner margin. Fringes grey on forewing underside, white on hindwing. Head, thorax and abdomen black with greyish hairs on upperside, covered by white hairs on thorax underneath, abdomen with yellowish overlay. Palpi black on top, white below, twice as long as diameter of eyes. Eyes bald, black. Antennae black, speckled with tiny white dots underneath, only slightly thickened towards apex, their length shorter than half of forewing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB430E49EBFA1837FBC2FE2D" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2029]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB430E49EBFA1837FEE7FEE5" bold="true" box="[199,376,294,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Male genitalia.</emphasis>
|
||
General morphology is like those of other species in the group as described above. Valvae very narrow, ending in long acute tip, which are evenly serrated. Cingulum short, triangular, the terminal cornutus on aedeagus broad, curving gently upwards. Cornutus on lower tip very strong and acute.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB430E49EBFA1881FDB7FCA8" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2029]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB430E49EBFA1881FE52FE0F" bold="true" box="[199,461,400,426]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Description of female.</emphasis>
|
||
Forewing length:
|
||
<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB430E49E9A71881FC9FFE0E" box="[666,768,400,427]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="23.5">23.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Wingspan:
|
||
<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB430E49E8B41880FC44FE0E" box="[905,987,401,427]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="43.0">43 mm</quantity>
|
||
. General appearance as females of other species in the subgenera
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB430E49EA8E18A5FDBFFE6B" box="[435,544,436,462]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Argiolaus</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB430E49E96418A5FD53FE6B" authorityName="Stempffer & Bennett" authorityYear="1958" box="[601,716,436,462]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB430E49E96418A5FD53FE6B" box="[601,716,436,462]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Philiolaus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with black ground colour overlaid by blue and orange spotting along outer margin on hindwing in spaces 1a, 2 and 3. Underside dirty white with black and/or orange-red submarginal lines and two tails at the tip of veins 1 and 2 and a small kick at the tip of vein 3 on hindwing. Blue colour of dull sky-blue tone, slightly darker towards the bases and with a whitish area in the apical corner of the blue patch on forewing. Less than half of forewing covered with blue basally, except along costa, where wing broadly black to base. Outer edge of blue area evenly rounded, with small, black, cell-closing tooth present. Basal half of hindwing covered with blue, between vein 1 and 6, dark grey between vein 6 and costa. Black submarginal streaks-spots inconspicuous, seen as darker black band in spaces 1b, 2, 3. Tornal lobe claret red with black margin, not conjoint with fused bright orange spotting in spaces 1b, 2 and 3. Tails black, edged with white. Underside colour and pattern and body identical to those of male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB430E49EBFA1A06FF40FC1B" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2029]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB430E49EBFA1A06FE0AFC95" bold="true" box="[199,405,790,817]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Female genitalia.</emphasis>
|
||
Papillae analis medium (nearly
|
||
<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB430E49E83A1A06FCD1FC94" box="[775,846,791,817]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
), weakly sclerotized, flat and somewhat squat, with short hairs. Apophyses gently bent downwards, shorter than
|
||
<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB430E49E8781A2BFC15FCF0" box="[837,906,826,853]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Lamella antevaginalis strongly sclerotized, its terminal end slightly bilobed, anteriorly, ending in strongly sclerotized mouth of ductus. Mouth of ductus broad, half of ductus sclerotized, narrows down strongly before the mouth of bursa. Bursa copulatrix completely membranous, ovoid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30E10A6CB430E49EBFA1AD9FD9FF998" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB430E49EBFA1AD9FD9FF998" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2029]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB430E49EBFA1AD9FE51FC47" bold="true" box="[199,462,968,994]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
On the upperside of the male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB430E49E8191AD8FC11FC47" authorityName="Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[804,910,968,994]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collinsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB430E49E8191AD8FC11FC47" box="[804,910,968,994]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">I. collinsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as well as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB430E49EF0F1AD8FB03FC47" authorityName="Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[1074,1180,968,994]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="njombe">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB430E49EF0F1AD8FB03FC47" box="[1074,1180,968,994]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">I. njombe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the outer edge of the blue patch is rather evenly rounded. In males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB430E49E9971AFDFC38FBA0" baseAuthorityName="Stempffer" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[682,935,1003,1029]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="maritimus" subSpecies="usambara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB430E49E9971AFDFC38FBA0" box="[682,935,1003,1029]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">I. maritimus usambara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB430E49E8E61AFDFBD5FBA0" authorityName="Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[987,1098,1003,1029]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uluguru">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB430E49E8E61AFDFBD5FBA0" box="[987,1098,1003,1029]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">I. uluguru</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the outer edge of the forewing blue patch is more lobed, particularly in space 1b. Their forewing outer edge is also almost straight, while slightly convex in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB430E49EA341D22FEEEFBE9" authorityName="Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[265,369,1074,1100]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="njombe">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB430E49EA341D22FEEEFBE9" box="[265,369,1074,1100]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">I. njombe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB430E49EA981D22FD92FBE9" authorityName="Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[421,525,1074,1100]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collinsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB430E49EA981D22FD92FBE9" box="[421,525,1074,1100]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">I. collinsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB430E49E9271D22FD1DFBE9" authorityName="Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[538,642,1074,1100]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="njombe">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB430E49E9271D22FD1DFBE9" box="[538,642,1074,1100]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">I. njombe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males have similar wingshape, but the hindwing black margin is evenly broad with only little blue scaling in spaces 2 and 3, and the margin tapers down towards the tornus in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB430E49EE0C1D46FA03FBD5" authorityName="Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[1329,1436,1110,1136]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collinsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB430E49EE0C1D46FA03FBD5" box="[1329,1436,1110,1136]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">I. collinsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132F5FA8CB430E49EBA21D68FEF3FB36" box="[159,364,1145,1172]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,201,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[162,1426,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Males: I. maritimus usambara (Tanzania, Usambara) upperside—A, underside—D; I. uluguru (holotype) upperside—B, underside—E; I. collinsi (holotype) upperside—C, underside—F; I. njombe (holotype) upperside—G, underside—J; I. stewarti (Malawi, Nyika Plateau) upperside—H, underside—K; I. bundali (holotype) upperside—I, underside—L." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6036699" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6036699/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Figs. 2A, B, C, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). The forewing underside submarginal line on the male is blackish and very faint in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB430E49EE171D6BFA0AFB36" authorityName="Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[1322,1429,1145,1171]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collinsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB430E49EE171D6BFA0AFB36" box="[1322,1429,1145,1171]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">I. collinsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the hindwing one is pale orange. In the female, the submarginal lines on both wings are pale orange, while in other species in the group the lines are bright orange, bright brick red or claret (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132F5FA8CB430E49E8E51DD1FB0EFB7E" box="[984,1169,1216,1243]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,201,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[162,1426,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Males: I. maritimus usambara (Tanzania, Usambara) upperside—A, underside—D; I. uluguru (holotype) upperside—B, underside—E; I. collinsi (holotype) upperside—C, underside—F; I. njombe (holotype) upperside—G, underside—J; I. stewarti (Malawi, Nyika Plateau) upperside—H, underside—K; I. bundali (holotype) upperside—I, underside—L." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6036699" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6036699/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Figs. 2D, E, F, J</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="132F5FA8CB430E49EFA31DD1FA87FB7E" box="[1182,1304,1216,1243]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1858,1882]" captionTargetBox="[168,1418,191,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-28@11.[151,1436,181,1834]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Females: I. maritimus usambara (Tanzania, Usambara) upperside—A, underside—D; I. uluguru (paratype, Tanzania, Uluguru Mountains) upperside—B, underside—E; I. collinsi (paratype, Mozambique, Mount Namuli) upperside—C, underside—F; I. njombe (paratype, Tanzania, Njombe) upperside—G, underside—J; I. stewarti (Malawi, Nyika Plateau) upperside—H, underside—K; I. bundali (paratype, Tanzania, Bundali Hills) upperside—I, underside—L." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6036724" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6036724/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">6D, E, F, J</figureCitation>
|
||
). The tip of valvae in male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB430E49EAFC1DF5FDB6FB5B" authorityName="Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[449,553,1252,1278]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collinsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB430E49EAFC1DF5FDB6FB5B" box="[449,553,1252,1278]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">I. collinsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are as long as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB430E49E9D81DF5FCF2FB58" authorityName="Stempffer & Bennett" authorityYear="1958" box="[741,877,1252,1277]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maritimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB430E49E9D81DF5FCF2FB58" box="[741,877,1252,1277]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">I. maritimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however, the valvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB430E49EF471DF5FB7DFB5B" authorityName="Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[1146,1250,1252,1278]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collinsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB430E49EF471DF5FB7DFB5B" box="[1146,1250,1252,1278]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">I. collinsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are significantly narrower (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132F5FA8CB430E49EA311C16FE0BFA84" box="[268,404,1287,1313]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[171,1418,191,1469]" captionTargetId="figure-28@5.[151,1436,181,1484]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Male genitalia: I. maritimus usambara (Tanzania, Usambara, Gen. prep.: SAFI00375) lateral view—A, aedeagus— D; I. uluguru (holotype, Gen. prep.: SAFI00369) lateral view—B, aedeagus—E; I. collinsi (holotype, Gen. prep.: SAFI00359) lateral view—C, aedeagus—F; I. njombe (Tanzania, Njombe, Gen.prep.: SAFI00366) laterial view—G, aedeagus—J; I. stewarti (Malawi, Nyika Plateau, Gen. prep.: SAFI00210) lateral view—H, aedeagus—K; I. bundali (holotype, Gen. prep.: SAFI00212) lateral view—I, aedeagus—L." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6036703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6036703/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Figs. 3A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The upperside of the females do not differ much, except their blue colour and the whitish area at the apical corner of the blue patch on the forewing, which is completely blue in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB430E49EF411C3AFB72FAE0" authorityName="Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[1148,1261,1323,1349]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uluguru">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB430E49EF411C3AFB72FAE0" box="[1148,1261,1323,1349]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">I. uluguru</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The upperside blue colour in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB430E49EA001C5EFE37FACD" authorityName="Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[317,424,1358,1384]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collinsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB430E49EA001C5EFE37FACD" box="[317,424,1358,1384]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">I. collinsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sky blue, slightly darker towards the bases, similarly to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB430E49EF7B1C5EFAD6FACD" baseAuthorityName="Stempffer" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[1094,1353,1358,1384]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="maritimus" subSpecies="usambara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB430E49EF7B1C5EFAD6FACD" box="[1094,1353,1358,1384]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">I. maritimus usambara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, where the base is scattered with turquoise scales. The blue area is darker and even in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB430E49EF1F1C63FB0BFA2E" authorityName="Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[1058,1172,1393,1419]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uluguru">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB430E49EF1F1C63FB0BFA2E" box="[1058,1172,1393,1419]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">I. uluguru</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while the blue is very light, almost whitish-blue in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB430E49EAE21C87FDD5FA0A" authorityName="Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[479,586,1429,1455]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="njombe">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB430E49EAE21C87FDD5FA0A" box="[479,586,1429,1455]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">I. njombe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, slightly darker towards the bases (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132F5FA8CB430E49E8E31C84FB33FA0A" box="[990,1196,1429,1456]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1858,1882]" captionTargetBox="[168,1418,191,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-28@11.[151,1436,181,1834]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Females: I. maritimus usambara (Tanzania, Usambara) upperside—A, underside—D; I. uluguru (paratype, Tanzania, Uluguru Mountains) upperside—B, underside—E; I. collinsi (paratype, Mozambique, Mount Namuli) upperside—C, underside—F; I. njombe (paratype, Tanzania, Njombe) upperside—G, underside—J; I. stewarti (Malawi, Nyika Plateau) upperside—H, underside—K; I. bundali (paratype, Tanzania, Bundali Hills) upperside—I, underside—L." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6036724" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6036724/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Figs. 6A, B, C, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). In female genitalia, the ductus bursae narrows down to a bottleneck before the mouth of bursa copulatrix in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB430E49EF591CA8FB52FA77" authorityName="Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[1124,1229,1464,1490]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collinsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB430E49EF591CA8FB52FA77" box="[1124,1229,1464,1490]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">I. collinsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB430E49EE3F1CA8FAF4FA77" authorityName="Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[1282,1387,1464,1490]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="njombe">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB430E49EE3F1CA8FAF4FA77" box="[1282,1387,1464,1490]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">I. njombe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the latter has the ductus sclerotized almost to the bottleneck, while only the basal half of it is sclerotized in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB430E49EE651CCCFF58F9BC" authorityName="Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collinsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB430E49EE651CCCFF58F9BC" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">I. collinsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB430E49EBEB1F11FED9F9BC" authorityName="Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[214,326,1535,1561]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uluguru">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB430E49EBEB1F11FED9F9BC" box="[214,326,1535,1561]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">I. uluguru</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an almost evenly broad ductus, while the ductus in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB430E49E8861F11FB23F9BC" baseAuthorityName="Stempffer" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[955,1212,1535,1561]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="maritimus" subSpecies="usambara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB430E49E8861F11FB23F9BC" box="[955,1212,1535,1561]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">I. maritimus usambara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
narrows down only moderately (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132F5FA8CB430E49EA191F32FE5BF998" box="[292,452,1571,1597]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[294,1308,200,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[272,1316,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Female genitalia (lateral view): I. maritimus usambara (Tanzania, Usambara, Gen. prep.: SAFI00376)—A; I. uluguru (paratype, Tanzania, Uluguru Mountains, Gen. prep.: SAFI00370)—B, I. collinsi (paratype, Mozambique, Mount Namuli, Gen. prep.: SAFI00360)—C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6036730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6036730/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Figs 7A, B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="132F5FA8CB430E49EAF21F32FE6CF998" box="[463,499,1571,1597]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1924,1948]" captionTargetBox="[176,1412,205,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-28@13.[151,1436,181,1900]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Female genitalia (lateral view): I. bundali (paratype, Tanzania, Bundali Hills, Gen. prep.: SAFI00213)—A; I. stewarti (Malawi, Nyika Plateau, Gen. prep.: SAFI00211)—B; I. njombe (paratype, Tanzania, Njombe, Gen. prep.: SAFI00367)— C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6036737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6036737/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">8C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30E10A6CB430E49EBFA1F57FECAF90D" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB430E49EBFA1F57FECAF90D" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2029]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB430E49EBFA1F57FE23F9C5" bold="true" box="[199,444,1606,1632]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Biology and habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
The two known specimens were found in montane forest on the high plateau of Mount Namuli. The larval foodplant is suspected to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB430E49E9961F7BFC77F921" authority="Tiegh." authorityName="Tiegh." box="[683,1000,1642,1668]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loranthaceae" genus="Erianthemum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schelei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB430E49E9961F7BFC07F921" box="[683,920,1642,1668]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Erianthemum schelei</emphasis>
|
||
Tiegh.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the only Taxilloid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB430E49EF831F7BFACAF921" box="[1214,1365,1642,1668]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loranthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Loranthaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
found on the mountain.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30E10A6CB430E49EBFA1FA3FAD5F8B1" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB430E49EBFA1FA3FAD5F8B1" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2029]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB430E49EBFA1FA3FED1F969" bold="true" box="[199,334,1714,1740]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is named after Steve Collins, director of the African Butterfly Research Institute (ABRI). The species is dedicated to Steve specifically for all of the support and guidance he has given for the butterfly work on the expeditions carried out on the mountains of northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30303BDCB430E49E8861FEBFBD0F8B1" box="[955,1103,1786,1812]" name="Mozambique" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
and southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30303BDCB430E49EFD01FEBFAD9F8B1" box="[1261,1350,1786,1812]" name="Malawi" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Malawi</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30E10A6CB430E4DEBFA1E0FFD7EF8D7" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB430E49EBFA1E0FFB54F849" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2029]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB430E49EBFA1E0FFEDAF89D" bold="true" box="[199,325,1822,1848]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Discussion</emphasis>
|
||
. The species is currently known exclusively from Mount Namuli (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2025EACB430E49EF661E0FFB7EF89C" box="[1115,1249,1822,1849]" degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" precision="15" seconds="37" value="-15.360278">15°21’37”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2025EACB430E49EFD11E0FFAECF89D" box="[1260,1395,1822,1848]" degrees="37" direction="east" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" precision="15" seconds="31" value="37.05861">37°03’31”E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30303BDCB430E49EBC01E53FE0BF8F9" box="[253,404,1858,1884]" name="Mozambique" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which is part of a collection of a range of mountains that straddle the border between northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30303BDCB430E49EBFF1E77FEC9F825" box="[194,342,1894,1920]" name="Mozambique" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
and southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30303BDCB430E49EACE1E77FDD4F825" box="[499,587,1894,1920]" name="Malawi" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Malawi</collectingCountry>
|
||
, including well known sites such as Mount Mabu in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30303BDCB430E49EFA41E77FAB2F825" box="[1177,1325,1894,1920]" name="Mozambique" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
or Mount
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D08DCFCB430E49EBAA1E9BFF76F801" box="[151,233,1930,1956]" country="Malawi" name="Zomba" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Zomba</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D08DCFCB430E49EA701E9BFE35F801" box="[333,426,1930,1956]" country="Malawi" name="Mulanje" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Mulanje</collectingRegion>
|
||
Massif in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30303BDCB430E49E91C1E9BFDE5F801" box="[545,634,1930,1956]" name="Malawi" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Malawi</collectingCountry>
|
||
. These mountains are the southernmost representatives of the East African tropical montane forest habitat, which are patchily distributed alongside both branches of the East African Rift but are also present on the higher slopes of the large volcanoes of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30303BDCB430E49E8471EC3FC7DF849" box="[890,994,2002,2028]" name="Tanzania" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30303BDCB430E49E8D11EC2FBAAF848" box="[1004,1077,2003,2029]" name="Kenya" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30303BDCB430E49EF511EC3FB58F849" box="[1132,1223,2002,2028]" name="Uganda" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6B13A5CB420E48EBAA1E53FB34F863" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6036724" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6036724" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6036724/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="57" startId="11.[151,250,1858,1882]" targetBox="[168,1418,191,1819]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB420E48EBAA1E53FB34F863" blockId="11.[151,1437,1858,1990]" pageId="11" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB420E48EBAA1E53FE8BF8FF" bold="true" box="[151,276,1858,1882]" pageId="11" pageNumber="57">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Females:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB420E48EA421E52FDF6F8FF" baseAuthorityName="Stempffer" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[383,617,1858,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="maritimus" subSpecies="usambara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB420E48EA421E52FDF6F8FF" box="[383,617,1858,1882]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="57">I. maritimus usambara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Tanzania, Usambara) upperside—A, underside—D;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB420E48EFAE1E52FB66F8FF" authorityName="Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[1171,1273,1858,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uluguru">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB420E48EFAE1E52FB66F8FF" box="[1171,1273,1858,1882]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="57">I. uluguru</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(paratype, Tanzania, Uluguru Mountains) upperside—B, underside—E;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB420E48E9D21E76FCCDF8DB" authorityName="Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[751,850,1894,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collinsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB420E48E9D21E76FCCDF8DB" box="[751,850,1894,1918]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="57">I. collinsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(paratype, Mozambique, Mount Namuli) upperside—C, underside—F;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB420E48EA0D1E9AFE0DF807" authorityName="Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[304,402,1930,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="njombe">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB420E48EA0D1E9AFE0DF807" box="[304,402,1930,1954]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="57">I. njombe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(paratype, Tanzania, Njombe) upperside—G, underside—J;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB420E48EF391E9AFBF2F807" authorityName="Heath" authorityYear="1985" box="[1028,1133,1931,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stewarti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB420E48EF391E9AFBF2F807" box="[1028,1133,1931,1954]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="57">I. stewarti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Malawi, Nyika Plateau) upperside—H, underside—K;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB420E48EA891EBEFD89F863" authorityName="Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[436,534,1966,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bundali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB420E48EA891EBEFD89F863" box="[436,534,1966,1990]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="57">I. bundali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(paratype, Tanzania, Bundali Hills) upperside—I, underside—L.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6B13A5CB450E4FEBAA1E89FE20F85D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6036730" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6036730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6036730/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="58" startId="12.[151,250,1944,1968]" targetBox="[294,1308,200,1903]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB450E4FEBAA1E89FE20F85D" blockId="12.[151,1436,1944,2040]" pageId="12" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB450E4FEBAA1E89FE8CF815" bold="true" box="[151,275,1944,1968]" pageId="12" pageNumber="58">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Female genitalia (lateral view):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB450E4FE9601E88FCDAF815" baseAuthorityName="Stempffer" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[605,837,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="maritimus" subSpecies="usambara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB450E4FE9601E88FCDAF815" box="[605,837,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="58">I. maritimus usambara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Tanzania,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB450E4FE8861E89FBFFF815" authority=", Gen." authorityName="Gen." box="[955,1120,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Hypolimnas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="usambara">Usambara, Gen.</taxonomicName>
|
||
prep.: SAFI00376)—A;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB450E4FEE631E88FF58F871" authorityName="Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uluguru">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB450E4FEE631E88FF58F871" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="58">I. uluguru</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(paratype, Tanzania, Uluguru Mountains, Gen. prep.: SAFI00370)—B,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB450E4FE8A31EACFC62F871" authorityName="Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[926,1021,1980,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collinsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB450E4FE8A31EACFC62F871" box="[926,1021,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="58">I. collinsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(paratype, Mozambique, Mount Namuli, Gen. prep.: SAFI00360)—C.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6B13A5CB440E4EEBAA1E95FF30F841" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6036737" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6036737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6036737/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" startId="13.[151,250,1924,1948]" targetBox="[176,1412,205,1883]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB440E4EEBAA1E95FF30F841" blockId="13.[151,1436,1924,2020]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB440E4EEBAA1E95FE93F839" bold="true" box="[151,268,1924,1948]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">FIGURE 8</emphasis>
|
||
. Female genitalia (lateral view):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB440E4EE9641E94FD25F839" authorityName="Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[601,698,1924,1948]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bundali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB440E4EE9641E94FD25F839" box="[601,698,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">I. bundali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(paratype, Tanzania, Bundali Hills, Gen. prep.: SAFI00213)—A;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB440E4EEE6F1E94FF23F865" authorityName="Heath" authorityYear="1985" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stewarti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB440E4EEE6F1E94FF23F865" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">I. stewarti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Malawi, Nyika Plateau, Gen. prep.: SAFI00211)—B;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB440E4EE9CC1EB8FCCDF865" authorityName="Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[753,850,1960,1984]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="njombe">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB440E4EE9CC1EB8FCCDF865" box="[753,850,1960,1984]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">I. njombe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(paratype, Tanzania, Njombe, Gen. prep.: SAFI00367)— C.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6B13A5CB470E4DEBAA1CBBFC80F9AF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6036743" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6036743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6036743/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="60" startId="14.[151,250,1450,1474]" targetBox="[183,1421,224,1384]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB470E4DEBAA1CBBFC80F9AF" blockId="14.[151,1436,1450,1546]" pageId="14" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB470E4DEBAA1CBBFE8BFA67" bold="true" box="[151,276,1450,1474]" pageId="14" pageNumber="60">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Female genitalia (lamella antevaginalis and papillae analis ventral view):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB470E4DEF311CBAFBF0FA67" authorityName="Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[1036,1135,1450,1474]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bundali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB470E4DEF311CBAFBF0FA67" box="[1036,1135,1450,1474]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="60">I. bundali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(paratype, Tanzania, Bundali Hills, Gen. prep.: SAFI00213)—A;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB470E4DE93F1CDEFDF7FA43" authorityName="Heath" authorityYear="1985" box="[514,616,1487,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stewarti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB470E4DE93F1CDEFDF7FA43" box="[514,616,1487,1510]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="60">I. stewarti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Malawi, Nyika Plateau, Gen. prep.: SAFI00211)—B;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB470E4DEFA91CDEFB65FA43" authorityName="Heath" authorityYear="1985" box="[1172,1274,1487,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stewarti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB470E4DEFA91CDEFB65FA43" box="[1172,1274,1487,1510]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="60">I. stewarti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(allotype, Zambia, Mafinga Hills)—C (redrawn from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF853EDCCB470E4DE91E1CE3FD26F9AF" author="Heath, A." box="[547,697,1522,1546]" pageId="14" pageNumber="60" pagination="257 - 266" refId="ref10554" refString="Heath, A. (1985) Revision of three Iolaus subgenera and descriptions of two new species Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera) from Zambia. Arnoldia Zimbabwe, 9 (18), 257 - 266." type="journal article" year="1985">Heath’s (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
original).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB470E4DEBFA1F28FD7EF8D7" blockId="14.[151,1437,1592,1907]" pageId="14" pageNumber="60">
|
||
In recent years, there has been a concerted effort to survey the biodiversity of these mountain sites, especially of the mountains in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30303BDCB470E4DEAD51F4DFD1FF9D3" box="[488,640,1628,1654]" name="Mozambique" pageId="14" pageNumber="60">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
. A series of scientific expeditions have been undertaken to them, and members of ABRI involved to collect and study the butterflies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF853EDCCB470E4DE8661F91FBDCF93E" author="Congdon, C. & Collins, S. C. & Bayliss, J" box="[859,1091,1664,1691]" pageId="14" pageNumber="60" pagination="46 - 106" refId="ref10514" refString="Congdon, C., Collins, S. C. & Bayliss, J (2010) Butterflies of south east Africa's mountains (Mozambique and Malawi) Metamorphosis, 21 (2), 46 - 106." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Congdon
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB470E4DE8F71F90FB9EF93F" box="[970,1025,1664,1690]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="60">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF853EDCCB470E4DEF701F91FAF2F93E" author="Congdon, T. C. E. & Bayliss, J." box="[1101,1389,1664,1691]" pageId="14" pageNumber="60" pagination="26 - 34" refId="ref10476" refString="Congdon, T. C. E. & Bayliss, J. (2012) Butterflies of Mt Mecula and Mt Yao, Niassa Province, Northern Mozambique. Metamorphosis, 23, 26 - 34." type="journal article" year="2012">Congdon & Bayliss 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). As a result, several new species have already been described (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF853EDCCB470E4DE8181FB5FC65F91B" author="Bayliss, J. L. & Collins, S. C. & Congdon, T. C. E." box="[805,1018,1700,1726]" pageId="14" pageNumber="60" pagination="23 - 30" refId="ref10110" refString="Bayliss, J. L., Collins, S. C. & Congdon, T. C. E. (2016) A new species of Iolaus Hubner, [1819] subgenus Epamera Druce, 1891 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Theclinae) from Mts Namuli and Mabu, Northern Mozambique. Metamorphosis, 27, 23 - 30." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Bayliss
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB470E4DE8BD1FB4FC27F91B" box="[896,952,1700,1726]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="60">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF853EDCCB470E4DEF391FB4FA9FF91B" author="van Velzen, R. & Collins, S. C. & Brattstrom, O. & Congdon, T. C. E." box="[1028,1280,1700,1727]" pageId="14" pageNumber="60" pagination="34 - 41" refId="ref10985" refString="van Velzen, R., Collins, S. C., Brattstrom, O. & Congdon, T. C. E. (2016) Description of a new species of Cymothoe Hubner, 1819 from northern Mozambique (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Limenitidinae) Metamorphosis, 27, 34 - 41." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
van Velzen
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB470E4DEFBB1FB4FB21F91B" box="[1158,1214,1700,1726]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="60">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF853EDCCB470E4DEE361FB5FF4DF946" author="Bayliss, J. & Congdon, T. C. E. & Collins, S. C." pageId="14" pageNumber="60" pagination="132 - 136" refId="ref10174" refString="Bayliss, J., Congdon, T. C. E. & Collins, S. C. (2018) A new subspecies of Papilio (Princeps) pelodurus Butler, 1896 (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae: Papilioninae) from several mountains in northern Mozambique. Metamorphosis, 29, 132 - 136." type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Bayliss
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB470E4DEE591FB4FA02F91B" box="[1380,1437,1700,1726]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="60">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF853EDCCB470E4DEBE31FD9FE2BF946" author="Bayliss, J & Brattstrom, O. & Bampton, I. & Collins, S. C." box="[222,436,1736,1763]" pageId="14" pageNumber="60" pagination="19 - 24" refId="ref10231" refString="Bayliss, J, Brattstrom, O., Bampton, I. & Collins, S. C. (2019) A new species of Leptomyrina Butler, 1898 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from Mts Mecula, Namuli, Inago, Nallume and Mabu in Northern Mozambique. Metamorphosis, 30, 19 - 24." type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Bayliss
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB470E4DEA051FD8FEEEF947" box="[312,369,1736,1762]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="60">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), although more are expected with further study effort and scientific expeditions to these mountains. It is therefore possible that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB470E4DE9781FFCFD32F8A3" authorityName="Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[581,685,1772,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collinsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB470E4DE9781FFCFD32F8A3" box="[581,685,1772,1798]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="60">I. collinsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs on other mountains in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30303BDCB470E4DEF621FFDFB6CF8A3" box="[1119,1267,1772,1798]" name="Mozambique" pageId="14" pageNumber="60">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
besides Mount Namuli. However, the forest habitat on Mount Namuli is under severe threat through local agricultural practices, and much has been removed since
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB470E4DE9261E24FD1BF8EB" authorityName="Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[539,644,1844,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collinsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB470E4DE9261E24FD1BF8EB" box="[539,644,1844,1870]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="60">I. collinsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was first collected in 2008. Further forest loss needs to be prevented at Mount Namuli to ensure the survival of this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |