336 lines
63 KiB
XML
336 lines
63 KiB
XML
<document id="74F0A10E591465603BB0559CB9FE02B8" ID-DOI="10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00058.x" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5437607" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630437499139" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Strong, Ellen E." docDate="2003" docId="03B6B923EE32FFE58C2F60D439C16ADE" docLanguage="en" docName="j.1096-3642.2003.00058.x.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 137 (4)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00058.x" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8.2:ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleId="0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Theodoxus fluviatilis" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="454" masterDocId="FF8FC15BEE36FFE28F4B66213B1A6964" masterDocTitle="Refining molluscan characters: morphology, character coding and a phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda" masterLastPageNumber="554" masterPageNumber="447" pageNumber="451" updateTime="1699271261741" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="381626BA5A248CB6A8DFDDAA1123B055">Refining molluscan characters: morphology, character coding and a phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DB269514A0EB573E9C3A223422632817">Strong, Ellen E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="AE2B58CF9D3550E9E09A280DD1B167B9">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A7E92D8C32DBAAE965A1A29658A38479">
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<mods:date id="EF6EFAE1730D9A932C7B475BBA94CA2F">2003</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="27EE783E571C9E36EC4E959249B92043">2003-04-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="55B531233103567E01FAD6A387BEF791">137</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="E4CE5627B4F0114D1E21FAD1C03D450D" type="DOI">10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00058.x</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B6B923EE32FFE58C2F60D439C16ADE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B6B923EE32FFE58C2F60D439C16ADE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6B923EE32FFE58C2F60D439C16ADE" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="454" pageId="4" pageNumber="451">
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<subSubSection id="C3055BBEEE32FFE68C2F60D43E4A6E68" box="[868,1360,1780,1804]" pageId="4" pageNumber="451" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA00835EE32FFE68C2F60D43E4A6E68" blockId="4.[868,1360,1748,1804]" box="[868,1360,1780,1804]" pageId="4" pageNumber="451">
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<heading id="D0E8BF59EE32FFE68C2F60D43E4A6E68" box="[868,1360,1780,1804]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="451" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F73B6EE32FFE68C2F60D43E4A6E68" ID-CoL="56C5W" authority="(LINNAEUS 1758)" baseAuthorityName="LINNAEUS" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[868,1360,1780,1804]" class="Gastropoda" family="Neritidae" genus="Theodoxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="4" pageNumber="451" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fluviatilis">
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<emphasis id="B96BD427EE32FFE68C2F60D43F986E6F" box="[868,1154,1781,1804]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="451">THEODOXUS FLUVIATILIS</emphasis>
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(LINNAEUS 1758)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3055BBEEE32FFE58C6D613C39C16ADE" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="454" pageId="4" pageNumber="451" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA00835EE32FFE68C6D613C38E26E56" blockId="4.[806,1421,1821,1905]" box="[806,1016,1821,1842]" pageId="4" pageNumber="451">
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<emphasis id="B96BD427EE32FFE68C6D613C38E26E56" box="[806,1016,1821,1842]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="451">Material examined</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA00835EE32FFE78C6D611D390F68AB" blockId="4.[806,1421,1821,1905]" lastBlockId="5.[155,771,196,463]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="452" pageId="4" pageNumber="451">
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Poitiens,
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<collectingCountry id="F30848A5EE32FFE68CD2611D38F26E35" box="[921,1000,1852,1873]" name="France" pageId="4" pageNumber="451">France</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED0E90F0EE32FFE68B4A611D3F4B6E35" box="[1025,1105,1852,1873]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="451" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
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836154). Only preserved material was available for study. Consequently, scanning electron micrographs of complete midgut morphology were difficult to obtain and were supplemented with
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<emphasis id="B96BD427EE33FFE78EC1672339286872" box="[394,562,257,279]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">camera lucida</emphasis>
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drawings of dissected material. In
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F73B6EE33FFE78E3F6701397A6851" baseAuthorityName="LINNAEUS" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[372,608,288,309]" class="Gastropoda" family="Neritidae" genus="Theodoxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fluviatilis">
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<emphasis id="B96BD427EE33FFE78E3F6701397A6851" box="[372,608,288,309]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">Theodoxus fluviatilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the midgut is rotated ~45∞ counter-clockwise within the visceral mass relative to caenogastropods (see Discussion). Thus, to facilitate topological comparisons with ingroup taxa, the midgut of was opened by a longitudinal incision along the left side.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA00835EE33FFE78FD0643B39296B4B" blockId="5.[155,770,538,683]" box="[155,563,538,559]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">
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<emphasis id="B96BD427EE33FFE78FD0643B39296B4B" box="[155,563,538,559]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">External anatomy and mantle cavity</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA00835EE33FFE78FD064183AC86BCF" blockId="5.[155,770,538,683]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">Anterior pedal gland opening anteriorly to shallow flap along broad propodium. Operculum present. Vestigial right gill present at base of mantle cavity below pallial glandular gonoduct.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA00835EE33FFE78FD064D43A676A6F" blockId="5.[155,771,757,1117]" box="[155,381,757,779]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">
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<emphasis id="B96BD427EE33FFE78FD064D43A676A6F" box="[155,381,757,779]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">Reproductive system</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA00835EE33FFE78FD06535396F6AA7" blockId="5.[155,771,757,1117]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">Gonopericardial canal absent. Proximal tip of glandular gonoduct embedded in visceral mass. Pallial portion of glandular gonoduct closed and diaulic. One genital opening leading to connected copulatory bursa and seminal receptacle; the former storing unorientated sperm, the latter orientated sperm.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA00835EE33FFE78FF865ED3BE76D39" blockId="5.[155,771,757,1117]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">Distal vas deferens forming highly coiled seminal vesicle. Prostate closed with distal genital aperture. Open seminal groove leading from genital aperture to penis lying on cephalic lappet to left of right cephalic tentacle.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA00835EE33FFE78FD0628B3A736DDB" blockId="5.[155,771,1194,1829]" box="[155,361,1194,1215]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">
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<emphasis id="B96BD427EE33FFE78FD0628B3A736DDB" box="[155,361,1194,1215]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">Alimentary system</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA00835EE33FFE78FD062E83A656E41" blockId="5.[155,771,1194,1829]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">
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<emphasis id="B96BD427EE33FFE78FD062E83BE36DBA" box="[155,249,1225,1246]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">Foregut.</emphasis>
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Radula rhipidoglossate. Three paired odontophoral cartilages and one unpaired sublingual cartilage present. Subradular membrane completely covering odontophore to base of deep sublingual cavity; subradular organ absent (
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<figureCitation id="132414B0EE33FFE78EB2636239546C3D" box="[505,590,1347,1369]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="46.[142,220,1755,1774]" captionTargetBox="[274,1290,197,1722]" captionTargetId="figure-144@46.[274,1291,197,1722]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Figure 4. Morphology of odontophore; subradular organ (indicated by arrows). Except when noted, view is from the side and ventral is to the right. (A) Theodoxus fluviatilis, ventral view. Subradular organ absent. Scale bar = 100 Mm. (B) Neocyclotus dysoni ambiguum. Scale bar = 1 mm. (C) Marisa cornuarietis. Scale bar = 1 mm. (D) Lampanella minima. Scale bar = 100 Mm. (E) Littorina littorea. Scale bar = 100 Mm. (F) Neverita duplicata. Scale bar = 100 Mm. (G) Cypraea robertsi. Subradular organ absent. Scale bar = 1 mm. (H) Panarona clavatula. Ventral is down. Scale bar = 100 Mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5437615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5437615/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
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). Paired glands opening ventrally to sublingual cavity. Dorsal epithelium of buccal cavity cuticularized. Discrete jaw and salivary glands absent. Mid-ventral fold low in buccal cavity (
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<figureCitation id="132414B0EE33FFE78FBB639F3A596CB7" box="[240,323,1470,1492]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="53.[155,233,1725,1744]" captionTargetBox="[296,1293,197,1693]" captionTargetId="figure-144@53.[296,1294,197,1693]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="Figure 8. Histology of anterior oesophagus; ventral fold. (A) Macleaniella moskalevi. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (B) Theodoxus fluviatilis. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (C) Neocyclotus dysoni ambiguum. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (D) Lampanella minima. Scale bar = 1 mm. (E) Strombus mutabilis. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (F) Littorina littorea. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (G) Cypraea robertsi. Note that ventral fold is offset to the right. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: bp, buccal pouch; bg, buccal ganglion; c., radular cartilage; ceg, cerebral ganglion; df, dorsal fold; e.g. oesophageal gland; r, radula; sgd, salivary gland duct; sgl, salivary gland; vf, ventral fold; vlf, ventro-lateral fold." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5437623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5437623/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
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, vf), continuous with dorsal lip of radular sac. Paired lobes of glandular tissue developing below mid-ventral fold within anterior oesophagus. Low, weakly glandular ventro-lateral folds present along inner aspect of ducts to oesophageal pouches (
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<figureCitation id="132414B0EE33FFE78FE960763BEF6F08" box="[162,245,1623,1645]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="54.[142,220,1725,1744]" captionTargetBox="[283,1280,197,1693]" captionTargetId="figure-140@54.[283,1281,197,1693]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Figure 9. Histology of anterior oesophagus; ventro-lateral folds. (A) Macleaniella moskalevi. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (B) Theodoxus fluviatilis. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (C) Neocyclotus dysoni ambiguum. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (D) Lampanella minima. Scale bar = 1 mm. (E) Strombus mutabilis. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (F) Crepidula plana. Scale bar = 1 mm. (G) Bithynia tentaculata. Scale bar = 1 mm. (H) Littorina littorea. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: bp, buccal pouch; bg, buccal ganglion; ca, radular cartilage; ceg, cerebral ganglion; df, dorsal fold; e, oesophagus; r, radula; sgl, salivary gland; vf, ventral fold; vlf, ventro-lateral fold." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5437625" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5437625/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
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, vlf). Glandular mid-ventral fold persisting within anterior and mid-oesophagus, through region of torsion, before diminishing. Paired oesophageal pouches present, simple anteriorly, becoming increasingly folded and glandular posteriorly, comprising continuous buccal pouches (
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<figureCitation id="132414B0EE33FFE78EFC60D039106E62" box="[439,522,1777,1799]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="54.[142,220,1725,1744]" captionTargetBox="[283,1280,197,1693]" captionTargetId="figure-140@54.[283,1281,197,1693]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Figure 9. Histology of anterior oesophagus; ventro-lateral folds. (A) Macleaniella moskalevi. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (B) Theodoxus fluviatilis. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (C) Neocyclotus dysoni ambiguum. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (D) Lampanella minima. Scale bar = 1 mm. (E) Strombus mutabilis. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (F) Crepidula plana. Scale bar = 1 mm. (G) Bithynia tentaculata. Scale bar = 1 mm. (H) Littorina littorea. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: bp, buccal pouch; bg, buccal ganglion; ca, radular cartilage; ceg, cerebral ganglion; df, dorsal fold; e, oesophagus; r, radula; sgl, salivary gland; vf, ventral fold; vlf, ventro-lateral fold." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5437625" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5437625/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
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, bp) and oesophageal glands (
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<figureCitation id="132414B0EE33FFE78FBD612E3A536E40" box="[246,329,1807,1829]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="53.[155,233,1725,1744]" captionTargetBox="[296,1293,197,1693]" captionTargetId="figure-144@53.[296,1294,197,1693]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="Figure 8. Histology of anterior oesophagus; ventral fold. (A) Macleaniella moskalevi. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (B) Theodoxus fluviatilis. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (C) Neocyclotus dysoni ambiguum. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (D) Lampanella minima. Scale bar = 1 mm. (E) Strombus mutabilis. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (F) Littorina littorea. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (G) Cypraea robertsi. Note that ventral fold is offset to the right. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: bp, buccal pouch; bg, buccal ganglion; c., radular cartilage; ceg, cerebral ganglion; df, dorsal fold; e.g. oesophageal gland; r, radula; sgd, salivary gland duct; sgl, salivary gland; vf, ventral fold; vlf, ventro-lateral fold." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5437623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5437623/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
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, eg).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA00835EE33FFE78FD0611C38DE6BC2" blockId="5.[155,770,1853,1906]" lastBlockId="5.[819,1435,196,678]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">
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<emphasis id="B96BD427EE33FFE78FD0611C3BEC6E36" box="[155,246,1853,1874]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">Midgut.</emphasis>
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Oesophageal aperture (
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<figureCitation id="132414B0EE33FFE78D5A611C39946E37" box="[529,654,1853,1875]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="59.[819,897,1623,1642]" captionTargetBox="[827,1428,200,1586]" captionTargetId="figure-563@59.[817,1463,190,1599]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Figure 12. Midgut morphology of taxa examined only from preserved material. (A) Theodoxus fluviatilis, left lateral view. Second digestive gland duct to right of oesophageal aperture obscured by gastric shield. (B) Strombus mutabilis, dorsal view. Scale bar = 1 mm. Abbreviations: c, caecum; ce caecal extension; cf, ciliated fold; dgd, digestive gland duct; ds, deep sac; e, oesophagus; gp, glandular pad; gs, gastric shield; if, intestinal flap; ig, intestinal groove; int, intestine; sa, sorting area; ss, style sac; t1, major typhlosole; t2, minor typhlosole." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5437631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5437631/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">Fig. 12A, e</figureCitation>
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) and posterior digestive gland duct lying to left of gastric shield (gs); anterior digestive gland duct (dgd) within deep pocket between gastric shield and style sac. Gastric shield dorsal, functionally separating oesophageal aperture and posterior digestive gland duct from gastric lumen. Ciliated fold (cf) beginning at proximal tip of minor typhlosole (t2), extending posteriorly to left of oesophagus. Ciliated fold and glandular pad (gp) curving into caecum (c) lying behind shield. Major typhlosole (t2) and several folds continuous with intestinal groove terminating at oesophageal aperture. Raised ciliary tract on major typhlosole absent (
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<figureCitation id="132414B0EE33FFE78A6067D63E956B69" box="[1323,1423,503,525]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="74.[142,220,1755,1774]" captionTargetBox="[274,1290,197,1722]" captionTargetId="figure-153@74.[274,1291,197,1722]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Figure 21. Style sac morphology; major typhlosole and ciliary tract (indicated by arrows). (A) Theodoxus fluviatilis. Scale bars (left to right) = 100 Mm, 10 Mm. (B) Neocyclotus dysoni ambiguum. Scale bars = 1 mm, 100 Mm. (C) Strombus mutabilis. Scale bars = 100 Mm, 10 Mm. (D) Crepidula plana. Scale bars = 100 Mm, 100 Mm. (E) Bithynia tentaculata. Scale bars = 1 mm, 100 Mm. (F) Cypraea robertsi. Scale bars = 1 mm, 100 Mm. (G) Conus jaspideus. Scale bars = 100 Mm, 10 Mm. (H) Ilyanassa obsoletus. Scale bars = 100 Mm, 10 Mm. Abbreviations: t1, major typhlosole; t2, minor typhlosole." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5437651" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5437651/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">Fig. 21A</figureCitation>
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). Deep sac (
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<figureCitation id="132414B0EE33FFE78CE464343F0A6B4E" box="[943,1040,533,555]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="59.[819,897,1623,1642]" captionTargetBox="[827,1428,200,1586]" captionTargetId="figure-563@59.[817,1463,190,1599]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Figure 12. Midgut morphology of taxa examined only from preserved material. (A) Theodoxus fluviatilis, left lateral view. Second digestive gland duct to right of oesophageal aperture obscured by gastric shield. (B) Strombus mutabilis, dorsal view. Scale bar = 1 mm. Abbreviations: c, caecum; ce caecal extension; cf, ciliated fold; dgd, digestive gland duct; ds, deep sac; e, oesophagus; gp, glandular pad; gs, gastric shield; if, intestinal flap; ig, intestinal groove; int, intestine; sa, sorting area; ss, style sac; t1, major typhlosole; t2, minor typhlosole." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5437631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5437631/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
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, ds) present, bounded posteriorly by lip of style sac and anteriorly by second fold, both continuous with minor typhlosole. Mouth of sac surrounded by differentiated style sac cilia. Crystalline style absent.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA00835EE33FFE78C78649F3FCE6B97" blockId="5.[819,1433,702,755]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BD427EE33FFE78C78649F38806BB7" box="[819,922,702,723]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">Hindgut.</emphasis>
|
||
Intestine completing approximately two loops. Rectum penetrating ventricle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA00835EE33FFE78C78651F3F246A37" blockId="5.[819,1434,830,1159]" box="[819,1086,830,851]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BD427EE33FFE78C78651F3F246A37" box="[819,1086,830,851]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">Reno-pericardial system</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA00835EE33FFE78C78657C3E1F6DE3" blockId="5.[819,1434,830,1159]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">Transverse pallial vein extending dorsally from cephalopedal sinus, splitting into afferent branchial vein and afferent renal vein. Afferent branchial vein traversing anterior wall of kidney to afferent ctenidial membrane; afferent renal vein passing through thinwalled ventral chamber of kidney (= bladder), supplying dorsal chamber containing mass of excretory lamellae. Vestigial right gill present. Blood sinus of vestigial right gill communicating directly with cephalopedal sinus. Nephridial gland absent.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA00835EE33FFE78C7862F33F246F7F" blockId="5.[819,1435,1234,1563]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BD427EE33FFE78C7862F33FFB6D83" box="[819,1249,1234,1255]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">Nervous system and sensory structures</emphasis>
|
||
Circum-oesophageal nerve ring surrounding buccal mass anteriorly, with buccal connectives passing posteriorly to buccal ganglia. Nervous system hypoathroid, right zygoneurous and left dialyneurous, with paired visceral ganglia. Labial commissure present. Single pedal commissure connecting pedal ganglia. Pedal cords present. Tentacular nerve single. Statocysts with single statolith present dorsally and medially, just behind pedal commissure. Eyes on tips of short ocular peduncles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA00835EE33FFE78C786044388F6F1E" blockId="5.[819,1434,1637,1905]" box="[819,917,1637,1658]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BD427EE33FFE78C786044388F6F1E" box="[819,917,1637,1658]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA00835EE33FFE78C7860A53F566E15" blockId="5.[819,1434,1637,1905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452">
|
||
This species has been the subject of many anatomical investigations, emphasizing the mantle cavity, reproductive and alimentary systems.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE33FFE78BA760E03E8C6FB3" author="Gilson G" box="[1260,1430,1729,1751]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" pagination="81 - 83" refId="ref74021" refString="Gilson G. 1896. The female organs of Neritina fluviatilis. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 2: 81 - 83." type="journal article" year="1896">Gilson (1896)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE33FFE78C7860C13F4F6F92" author="Fretter V & Graham A" box="[819,1109,1760,1782]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" refId="ref73894" refString="Fretter V, Graham A. 1962. British prosobranch molluscs; their functional anatomy and ecology. London: Ray Society." type="book" year="1962">Fretter & Graham (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE33FFE78BC460C13E2A6F92" author="Fretter V" box="[1167,1328,1760,1782]" pageId="5" pageNumber="452" pagination="312 - 351" refId="ref73777" refString="Fretter V. 1946. The genital ducts of Theodoxus, Lamellaria and Trivia, and a discussion on their evolution in the prosobranchs. Journal of the Marine Biological Association (United Kingdom) 26: 312 - 351." type="journal article" year="1946">Fretter (1946)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided information for reproductive anatomy; the latter account is the most comprehensive and details gross morphology as well as histological fine structure for both males and females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA00835EE30FFE48FEC66E53BCE6B87" blockId="6.[142,758,196,1598]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48FEC66E53A4C69BE" author="Lenssen J" box="[167,342,196,218]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="179 - 232" refId="ref76699" refString="Lenssen J. 1899. Systeme digestif et systeme genital de la Neritina fluviatilis. La Cellule 16: 179 - 232." type="journal article" year="1899">Lenssen (1899)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48E2866E5391269BE" author="Bourne GC" box="[355,520,196,218]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="810 - 887" refId="ref72550" refString="Bourne GC. 1908. Contributions to the morphology of the group Neritacea of aspidobranch gastropods. Part I. The Neritidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1908: 810 - 887." type="journal article" year="1908">Bourne (1908)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48D5F66E539D969BE" author="Graham A" box="[532,707,196,218]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="75 - 112" refId="ref74257" refString="Graham A. 1939. On the structure of the alimentary canal of style-bearing prosobranchs. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 109: 75 - 112." type="journal article" year="1939">Graham (1939)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48FC566C23A53699C" author="Whitaker MB" box="[142,329,226,249]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="21 - 34" refId="ref80918" refString="Whitaker MB. 1951. On the homologies of the oesophageal glands of Theodoxus fluviatilis (L.). Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 29: 21 - 34." type="journal article" year="1951">Whitaker (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided information for the foregut. Whitaker’s account, describing the structure and function of the foregut, is the first to suggest that the outpocketings of the foregut represent continuous buccal pouches and oesophageal glands; these structures had been variously interpreted as salivary glands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48FDD67BA3A5B68D5" author="Lenssen J" box="[150,321,411,433]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="179 - 232" refId="ref76699" refString="Lenssen J. 1899. Systeme digestif et systeme genital de la Neritina fluviatilis. La Cellule 16: 179 - 232." type="journal article" year="1899">Lenssen, 1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or simply as oesophageal pouches (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48FDD67983A2A68AA" author="Bourne GC" box="[150,304,441,462]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="810 - 887" refId="ref72550" refString="Bourne GC. 1908. Contributions to the morphology of the group Neritacea of aspidobranch gastropods. Part I. The Neritidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1908: 810 - 887." type="journal article" year="1908">Bourne, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48E7767983AF868AB" author="Graham A" box="[316,482,441,463]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="75 - 112" refId="ref74257" refString="Graham A. 1939. On the structure of the alimentary canal of style-bearing prosobranchs. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 109: 75 - 112." type="journal article" year="1939">Graham, 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Whitaker was also the first to recognize the presence of paired sublingual glands in this species. Whitaker acknowledges the presence of the mid-ventral fold, but does not describe the presence of ventro-lateral folds. The species possesses a seventh unpaired cartilage (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48D0C647239E86B0C" author="Lenssen J" box="[583,754,595,616]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="179 - 232" refId="ref76699" refString="Lenssen J. 1899. Systeme digestif et systeme genital de la Neritina fluviatilis. La Cellule 16: 179 - 232." type="journal article" year="1899">Lenssen, 1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48FC564533A366BE2" author="Bourne GC" box="[142,300,625,647]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="810 - 887" refId="ref72550" refString="Bourne GC. 1908. Contributions to the morphology of the group Neritacea of aspidobranch gastropods. Part I. The Neritidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1908: 810 - 887." type="journal article" year="1908">Bourne, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48E7064533ACF6BE3" author="Fretter V" box="[315,469,625,647]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="312 - 351" refId="ref73777" refString="Fretter V. 1946. The genital ducts of Theodoxus, Lamellaria and Trivia, and a discussion on their evolution in the prosobranchs. Journal of the Marine Biological Association (United Kingdom) 26: 312 - 351." type="journal article" year="1946">Fretter, 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); however, this supports the cuticle of the sublingual pouch and is not considered to represent part of the odontophore (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BD427EE30FFE48DCA648E39806BA0" box="[641,666,687,708]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">cf.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48DE9648E3BD26B87" author="Sasaki T" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="1 - 224" refId="ref79640" refString="Sasaki T. 1998. Comparative anatomy and phylogeny of the Recent Archaeogastropoda (Mollusca: Gastropoda). University of Tokyo Bulletin 38: 1 - 224." type="journal article" year="1998">Sasaki, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA00835EE30FFE48FEC64CD39796DF4" blockId="6.[142,758,196,1598]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">
|
||
Preliminary observations on midgut and hindgut anatomy were provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48E9B652A399A6A45" author="Lenssen J" box="[464,640,779,801]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="179 - 232" refId="ref76699" refString="Lenssen J. 1899. Systeme digestif et systeme genital de la Neritina fluviatilis. La Cellule 16: 179 - 232." type="journal article" year="1899">Lenssen (1899)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and were described more completely by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48D4D650839A66A5B" author="Graham A" box="[518,700,809,831]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="75 - 112" refId="ref74257" refString="Graham A. 1939. On the structure of the alimentary canal of style-bearing prosobranchs. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 109: 75 - 112." type="journal article" year="1939">Graham (1939)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48FC565693ACD6A3A" author="Fretter V & Graham A" box="[142,471,840,862]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" refId="ref73894" refString="Fretter V, Graham A. 1962. British prosobranch molluscs; their functional anatomy and ecology. London: Ray Society." type="book" year="1962">Fretter & Graham (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Graham clarified the absence of the crystalline style in this species. Several findings obtained here for midgut morphology differ subtly from those reported previously (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48D01658539E86ADD" author="Graham A" box="[586,754,932,954]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="75 - 112" refId="ref74257" refString="Graham A. 1939. On the structure of the alimentary canal of style-bearing prosobranchs. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 109: 75 - 112." type="journal article" year="1939">Graham, 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48FC565E23AB36ABD" author="Fretter V & Graham A" box="[142,425,963,985]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" refId="ref73894" refString="Fretter V, Graham A. 1962. British prosobranch molluscs; their functional anatomy and ecology. London: Ray Society." type="book" year="1962">Fretter & Graham, 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the present analysis, the oesophageal aperture and one digestive gland duct were found immediately to the left of the gastric shield such that, when the midgut is closed, the shield separates them from the gastric chamber. A second digestive gland duct is present within the deep pocket between the gastric shield and style sac.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA00835EE30FFE48FEC62B83A866C86" blockId="6.[142,758,196,1598]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48FEC62B83A696DCB" author="Landsburg B" box="[167,371,1177,1199]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="661 - 664" refId="ref76638" refString="Landsburg B. 1882. Uber das Herz und die Niere von Nerfina fluviatilis. Zoologischer Anzeiger 1882: 661 - 664." type="journal article" year="1882">Landsburg (1882)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48EE562BB39476DCB" author="Lenssen J" box="[430,605,1177,1199]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="289 - 332" refId="ref76722" refString="Lenssen J. 1902. Systeme nerveux, systeme circulatoire, systeme respiratoire et systeme excreteur de la Neritina fluviatilis. La Cellule 20: 289 - 332." type="journal article" year="1902">Lenssen (1902)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided the main points of reno-pericardial morphology and circulation, which were elaborated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48D0A62F639EB6D89" author="Bourne GC" box="[577,753,1239,1261]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="810 - 887" refId="ref72550" refString="Bourne GC. 1908. Contributions to the morphology of the group Neritacea of aspidobranch gastropods. Part I. The Neritidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1908: 810 - 887." type="journal article" year="1908">Bourne (1908)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48FC562D73A2A6C6F" author="Fretter V" box="[142,304,1269,1291]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="46 - 74" refId="ref73843" refString="Fretter V. 1965. Functional studies of the anatomy of some neritid prosobranchs. Journal of Zoology 147: 46 - 74." type="journal article" year="1965">Fretter (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
primarily described blood flow through the mantle and associated organs. Blood supply to the vestigial right gill, an organ first noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48DD363123BCD6C03" author="Lenssen J" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="289 - 332" refId="ref76722" refString="Lenssen J. 1902. Systeme nerveux, systeme circulatoire, systeme respiratoire et systeme excreteur de la Neritina fluviatilis. La Cellule 20: 289 - 332." type="journal article" year="1902">Lenssen (1902)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, has been attributed to a diverticulum off the transverse pallial vein (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48EEE635139586CE1" author="Bourne GC" box="[421,578,1392,1413]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="810 - 887" refId="ref72550" refString="Bourne GC. 1908. Contributions to the morphology of the group Neritacea of aspidobranch gastropods. Part I. The Neritidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1908: 810 - 887." type="journal article" year="1908">Bourne, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48D1B635139F06CE2" author="Fretter V" box="[592,746,1392,1414]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="46 - 74" refId="ref73843" refString="Fretter V. 1965. Functional studies of the anatomy of some neritid prosobranchs. Journal of Zoology 147: 46 - 74." type="journal article" year="1965">Fretter, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, as described above, histological sections revealed that the vestigial gill sinus opens directly to the cephalopedal sinus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA00835EE30FFE48FEC63CA3A236F5A" blockId="6.[142,758,196,1598]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48FEC63CA3A7B6F65" author="Lenssen J" box="[167,353,1515,1537]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="289 - 332" refId="ref76722" refString="Lenssen J. 1902. Systeme nerveux, systeme circulatoire, systeme respiratoire et systeme excreteur de la Neritina fluviatilis. La Cellule 20: 289 - 332." type="journal article" year="1902">Lenssen (1902)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided a relatively thorough account of the nervous system which was refined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48FC560093A2F6F5A" author="Bourne GC" box="[142,309,1576,1598]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="810 - 887" refId="ref72550" refString="Bourne GC. 1908. Contributions to the morphology of the group Neritacea of aspidobranch gastropods. Part I. The Neritidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1908: 810 - 887." type="journal article" year="1908">Bourne (1908)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA00835EE30FFE48FC560473A1F6F1F" blockId="6.[142,758,1638,1905]" box="[142,261,1638,1659]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BD427EE30FFE48FC560473A1F6F1F" box="[142,261,1638,1659]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">Discussion</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA00835EE30FFE48FC560A53E106ADE" blockId="6.[142,758,1638,1905]" lastBlockId="6.[806,1422,196,1905]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">
|
||
Reproductive anatomy of most neritids is highly complex, particularly among females. The pallial oviduct is typically diaulic, one aperture leading to the bursa and seminal receptacle, the second leading to the glandular oviduct, which is posteriorly embedded in the visceral mass and subdivided into capsule and albumen glands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48E77611D3AF96E35" author="Bourne GC" box="[316,483,1852,1873]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="810 - 887" refId="ref72550" refString="Bourne GC. 1908. Contributions to the morphology of the group Neritacea of aspidobranch gastropods. Part I. The Neritidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1908: 810 - 887." type="journal article" year="1908">Bourne, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48EB7611D39856E36" author="Fretter V" box="[508,671,1852,1874]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="312 - 351" refId="ref73777" refString="Fretter V. 1946. The genital ducts of Theodoxus, Lamellaria and Trivia, and a discussion on their evolution in the prosobranchs. Journal of the Marine Biological Association (United Kingdom) 26: 312 - 351." type="journal article" year="1946">Fretter, 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48DF3611D39E86E36" author="Fretter V" box="[696,754,1852,1874]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="46 - 74" refId="ref73843" refString="Fretter V. 1965. Functional studies of the anatomy of some neritid prosobranchs. Journal of Zoology 147: 46 - 74." type="journal article" year="1965">1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48FC5617A3A716E15" author="Starmuhlner F" box="[142,363,1883,1905]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="1 - 434" refId="ref80179" refString="Starmuhlner F. 1969. Die Gastropoden der Madagassischen Binnengewasser. Malacologia 8: 1 - 434." type="journal article" year="1969">Starmühlner, 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48E30617A39E86E14" author="Berry AJ & Lim R & Sasekumar A" box="[379,754,1883,1905]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="189 - 200" refId="ref72309" refString="Berry AJ, Lim R, Sasekumar A. 1973. Reproductive systems and breeding condition in Nerita birmanica (Archaeogastropoda: Neritacea) from Malayan mangrove swamps. Journal of Zoology 170: 189 - 200." type="journal article" year="1973">Berry, Lim & Sasekumar, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48C6D66E538C969BD" author="Houston RS" box="[806,979,196,217]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="103 - 110" refId="ref75913" refString="Houston RS. 1990. Reproductive systems of neritimorph archaeogastropods from the Eastern Pacific, with special reference to Nerita funiculata Menke, 1851. The Veliger 33: 103 - 110." type="journal article" year="1990">Houston, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48CAF66E53F9C69BD" author="Haynes A" box="[996,1158,196,217]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="13 - 20" refId="ref75394" refString="Haynes A. 1991. The reproductive patterns of the five Fijian species of Septaria (Prosobranchia: Neritidae). Journal of Molluscan Studies 58: 13 - 20." type="journal article" year="1991">Haynes, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48BD366E53E2869BE" author="Sasaki T" box="[1176,1330,196,218]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="1 - 224" refId="ref79640" refString="Sasaki T. 1998. Comparative anatomy and phylogeny of the Recent Archaeogastropoda (Mollusca: Gastropoda). University of Tokyo Bulletin 38: 1 - 224." type="journal article" year="1998">Sasaki, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These two parallel portions of the oviduct communicate posteriorly via a narrow duct. Some neritids possess a triaulic pallial oviduct. The third aperture is referred to as the ductus enigmaticus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48B2F671E3FE56831" author="Bourne GC" box="[1124,1279,319,341]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="810 - 887" refId="ref72550" refString="Bourne GC. 1908. Contributions to the morphology of the group Neritacea of aspidobranch gastropods. Part I. The Neritidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1908: 810 - 887." type="journal article" year="1908">Bourne, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and, as the name implies, is of uncertain function but has been suggested to regulate internal pressure by allowing water into the oviduct or excess sperm to escape (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48C65679838D068AA" author="Bourne GC" box="[814,970,441,462]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="810 - 887" refId="ref72550" refString="Bourne GC. 1908. Contributions to the morphology of the group Neritacea of aspidobranch gastropods. Part I. The Neritidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1908: 810 - 887." type="journal article" year="1908">Bourne, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48C9C679B3F7468AB" author="Fretter V" box="[983,1134,441,463]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="46 - 74" refId="ref73843" refString="Fretter V. 1965. Functional studies of the anatomy of some neritid prosobranchs. Journal of Zoology 147: 46 - 74." type="journal article" year="1965">Fretter, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48B30679B3E3E68AA" author="Houston RS" box="[1147,1316,441,463]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="103 - 110" refId="ref75913" refString="Houston RS. 1990. Reproductive systems of neritimorph archaeogastropods from the Eastern Pacific, with special reference to Nerita funiculata Menke, 1851. The Veliger 33: 103 - 110." type="journal article" year="1990">Houston, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48A7A679B3845688A" author="Haynes A" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="13 - 20" refId="ref75394" refString="Haynes A. 1991. The reproductive patterns of the five Fijian species of Septaria (Prosobranchia: Neritidae). Journal of Molluscan Studies 58: 13 - 20." type="journal article" year="1991">Haynes, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In addition, some neritids have a small duct that leads from the renal oviduct and opens to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F73B6EE30FFE48A7867D6387C6B4F" baseAuthorityName="Woodward" baseAuthorityYear="1894" genus="The" pageId="6" pageNumber="502" rank="species" species="posterior">the posterior</taxonomicName>
|
||
end of the mantle cavity adjacent to the vestigial right gill (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48CD164153F286B2E" author="Fretter V" box="[922,1074,564,586]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="46 - 74" refId="ref73843" refString="Fretter V. 1965. Functional studies of the anatomy of some neritid prosobranchs. Journal of Zoology 147: 46 - 74." type="journal article" year="1965">Fretter, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The presence of this duct, its position within the body and its positional relationship to the vestigial gill has been interpreted as evidence that the right kidney has been integrated into the glandular reproductive tract (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48B97648E3E986BA1" author="Fretter V" box="[1244,1410,687,709]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="46 - 74" refId="ref73843" refString="Fretter V. 1965. Functional studies of the anatomy of some neritid prosobranchs. Journal of Zoology 147: 46 - 74." type="journal article" year="1965">Fretter, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), rather than forming the seminal receptacle, as suggested by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48CD264CD3F286A66" author="Thiele J" box="[921,1074,748,770]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="249 - 466" refId="ref80540" refString="Thiele J. 1902. Die systematische Stellung der Solenogastren und die Phylogenie der Mollusken. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 72: 249 - 466." type="journal article" year="1902">Thiele (1902)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. This connection between gonoduct and mantle cavity is absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F73B6EE30FFE48A5E652A3F586A5B" authority="(Fretter, 1946)" baseAuthorityName="Fretter" baseAuthorityYear="1946" class="Gastropoda" family="Neritidae" genus="Theodoxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fluviatilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BD427EE30FFE48A5E652A388E6A5A" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">Theodoxus fluviatilis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48CE865083F206A5B" author="Fretter V" box="[931,1082,809,831]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="312 - 351" refId="ref73777" refString="Fretter V. 1946. The genital ducts of Theodoxus, Lamellaria and Trivia, and a discussion on their evolution in the prosobranchs. Journal of the Marine Biological Association (United Kingdom) 26: 312 - 351." type="journal article" year="1946">Fretter, 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48B07650B3FF56A5B" author="Bourne GC" box="[1100,1263,809,831]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="810 - 887" refId="ref72550" refString="Bourne GC. 1908. Contributions to the morphology of the group Neritacea of aspidobranch gastropods. Part I. The Neritidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1908: 810 - 887." type="journal article" year="1908">Bourne (1908)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the so-called oviduco-coelomic funnel (= gonopericardial canal), which connects the gonoduct with the extensive pericardial coelom. Despite careful searching,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48C6D658538D26ADE" author="Fretter V" box="[806,968,932,954]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="46 - 74" refId="ref73843" refString="Fretter V. 1965. Functional studies of the anatomy of some neritid prosobranchs. Journal of Zoology 147: 46 - 74." type="journal article" year="1965">Fretter (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was unable to confirm this.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA00835EE30FFE48C7465E23FDB6D89" blockId="6.[806,1422,196,1905]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">
|
||
Male reproductive anatomy typically consists of a testis, a distal vas deferens that is highly coiled and functions in the storage of sperm, and a highly glandular prostate that forms the spermatophore. The prostate is closed, discharging through an aperture adjacent to the anus, and is subdivided into two distinct masses of glands. The penis, when present, lies on the cephalic lappet, to the left of the right cephalic tentacle (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48CD962993F346DA9" author="Bourne GC" box="[914,1070,1208,1229]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="810 - 887" refId="ref72550" refString="Bourne GC. 1908. Contributions to the morphology of the group Neritacea of aspidobranch gastropods. Part I. The Neritidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1908: 810 - 887." type="journal article" year="1908">Bourne, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48B7062993FF26DA9" author="Andrews EA" box="[1083,1256,1208,1230]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="525 - 561" refId="ref71672" refString="Andrews EA. 1937. Certain reproductive organs in the Neritidae. Journal of Morphology 61: 525 - 561." type="journal article" year="1937">Andrews, 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48BBE629938456D89" author="Starmuhlner F" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="1 - 434" refId="ref80179" refString="Starmuhlner F. 1969. Die Gastropoden der Madagassischen Binnengewasser. Malacologia 8: 1 - 434." type="journal article" year="1969">Starmühlner, 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48C2062F63F096D88" author="Houston RS" box="[875,1043,1239,1260]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="103 - 110" refId="ref75913" refString="Houston RS. 1990. Reproductive systems of neritimorph archaeogastropods from the Eastern Pacific, with special reference to Nerita funiculata Menke, 1851. The Veliger 33: 103 - 110." type="journal article" year="1990">Houston, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48B5462F63FAF6D89" author="Sasaki T" box="[1055,1205,1239,1261]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="1 - 224" refId="ref79640" refString="Sasaki T. 1998. Comparative anatomy and phylogeny of the Recent Archaeogastropoda (Mollusca: Gastropoda). University of Tokyo Bulletin 38: 1 - 224." type="journal article" year="1998">Sasaki, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA00835EE30FFE48C7462D438766F39" blockId="6.[806,1422,196,1905]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">
|
||
The relatively conservative foregut anatomy consists of paired sublingual glands opening ventrally to the buccal cavity, and confluent buccal pouches and oesophageal glands lying anterior to the region of torsion; salivary glands are absent (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48BD063513E336CE1" author="Thiele J" box="[1179,1321,1392,1414]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="249 - 466" refId="ref80540" refString="Thiele J. 1902. Die systematische Stellung der Solenogastren und die Phylogenie der Mollusken. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 72: 249 - 466." type="journal article" year="1902">Thiele, 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48A7F635138456CC0" author="Bourne GC" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="810 - 887" refId="ref72550" refString="Bourne GC. 1908. Contributions to the morphology of the group Neritacea of aspidobranch gastropods. Part I. The Neritidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1908: 810 - 887." type="journal article" year="1908">Bourne, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48C2663AE3F3A6CC1" author="Whitaker MB" box="[877,1056,1423,1445]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="21 - 34" refId="ref80918" refString="Whitaker MB. 1951. On the homologies of the oesophageal glands of Theodoxus fluviatilis (L.). Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 29: 21 - 34." type="journal article" year="1951">Whitaker, 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48B6563AE3FD26CC1" author="Fretter V" box="[1070,1224,1423,1445]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="46 - 74" refId="ref73843" refString="Fretter V. 1965. Functional studies of the anatomy of some neritid prosobranchs. Journal of Zoology 147: 46 - 74." type="journal article" year="1965">Fretter, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). There are typically three sets of paired cartilages (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48B94638C3E906CA6" author="Lenssen J" box="[1247,1418,1453,1474]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="179 - 232" refId="ref76699" refString="Lenssen J. 1899. Systeme digestif et systeme genital de la Neritina fluviatilis. La Cellule 16: 179 - 232." type="journal article" year="1899">Lenssen, 1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48C6D63ED38DC6C85" author="Bourne GC" box="[806,966,1484,1505]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="810 - 887" refId="ref72550" refString="Bourne GC. 1908. Contributions to the morphology of the group Neritacea of aspidobranch gastropods. Part I. The Neritidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1908: 810 - 887." type="journal article" year="1908">Bourne, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48C9363ED3F6E6C86" author="Fretter V" box="[984,1140,1484,1506]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="312 - 351" refId="ref73777" refString="Fretter V. 1946. The genital ducts of Theodoxus, Lamellaria and Trivia, and a discussion on their evolution in the prosobranchs. Journal of the Marine Biological Association (United Kingdom) 26: 312 - 351." type="journal article" year="1946">Fretter, 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48BCD63ED3E986C86" author="Salvini-Plawen Lv" box="[1158,1410,1484,1506]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="301 - 379" refId="ref79596" refString="Salvini-Plawen Lv. 1988. The structure and function of molluscan digestive systems. In: Trueman ER, Clarke MR, eds. The Mollusca, 11: molluscan form and function. New York: Academic Press, 301 - 379." type="book chapter" year="1988">Salvini-Plawen, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); the median cartilages may be fused or unfused and a seventh unpaired cartilage may be present below the anterior tip of the subradular membrane (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48A726009387A6F39" author="Sasaki T" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="1 - 224" refId="ref79640" refString="Sasaki T. 1998. Comparative anatomy and phylogeny of the Recent Archaeogastropoda (Mollusca: Gastropoda). University of Tokyo Bulletin 38: 1 - 224." type="journal article" year="1998">Sasaki, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA00835EE30FFE58C74604739676852" blockId="6.[806,1422,196,1905]" lastBlockId="7.[155,771,196,954]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="454" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">
|
||
In general, the neritid midgut consists of a globular gastric chamber that bears a highly variable number of digestive gland duct openings; a small, textured pouch posterior to the gastric shield may be present (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48C6560C138A66F91" author="Haller B" box="[814,956,1760,1782]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" refId="ref74752" refString="Haller B. 1894. Studien uber Docoglosse und Rhipidoglosse Prosobranchier. Leipzig: Engelmann." type="book" year="1894">Haller, 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48C8C60C13F786F91" author="Bourne GC" box="[967,1122,1760,1781]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="810 - 887" refId="ref72550" refString="Bourne GC. 1908. Contributions to the morphology of the group Neritacea of aspidobranch gastropods. Part I. The Neritidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1908: 810 - 887." type="journal article" year="1908">Bourne, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48B2660C13E906F92" author="Fretter V & Graham A" box="[1133,1418,1760,1782]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" refId="ref73894" refString="Fretter V, Graham A. 1962. British prosobranch molluscs; their functional anatomy and ecology. London: Ray Society." type="book" year="1962">Fretter & Graham, 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48C6D60DE38DA6E71" author="Fretter V" box="[806,960,1791,1813]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="46 - 74" refId="ref73843" refString="Fretter V. 1965. Functional studies of the anatomy of some neritid prosobranchs. Journal of Zoology 147: 46 - 74." type="journal article" year="1965">Fretter, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A prominent fold associated with the minor typhlosole passes posteriorly into the caecum; this fold may be absent or elaborated into a well-developed sorting area (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE30FFE48CB2617A3F956E15" author="Fretter V" box="[1017,1167,1883,1905]" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" pagination="46 - 74" refId="ref73843" refString="Fretter V. 1965. Functional studies of the anatomy of some neritid prosobranchs. Journal of Zoology 147: 46 - 74." type="journal article" year="1965">Fretter, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F73B6EE30FFE48BEA617A3E946E14" baseAuthorityName="Fretter" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[1185,1422,1883,1904]" class="Gastropoda" family="Neritidae" genus="Theodoxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="6" pageNumber="453" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fluviatilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BD427EE30FFE48BEA617A3E946E14" box="[1185,1422,1883,1904]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="453">Theodoxus fluviatilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remains the only neritid described possessing a small transverse pouch just within the lip of the style sac (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE31FFE58FE967203A566873" author="Graham A" box="[162,332,257,279]" pageId="7" pageNumber="454" pagination="75 - 112" refId="ref74257" refString="Graham A. 1939. On the structure of the alimentary canal of style-bearing prosobranchs. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 109: 75 - 112." type="journal article" year="1939">Graham, 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, a similar pouch has been observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F73B6EE31FFE58E6C67003AE86851" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1822" box="[295,498,288,310]" class="Gastropoda" family="Neritidae" genus="Neritina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="7" pageNumber="454" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="reclivata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BD427EE31FFE58E6C67003AE86851" box="[295,498,288,310]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="454">Neritina reclivata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(pers. obs.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA00835EE31FFE58FF8671E394E6BE3" blockId="7.[155,771,196,954]" pageId="7" pageNumber="454">
|
||
The neritid reno-pericardial system comprises an enlarged pericardial coelom, a heart with two auricles, and a long, ciliated reno-pericardial canal that opens to the dorsal, glandular portion of the two-tiered kidney (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE31FFE58F9F67983A7668AB" author="Fretter V" box="[212,364,441,463]" pageId="7" pageNumber="454" pagination="46 - 74" refId="ref73843" refString="Fretter V. 1965. Functional studies of the anatomy of some neritid prosobranchs. Journal of Zoology 147: 46 - 74." type="journal article" year="1965">Fretter, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The ventral portion of the kidney forms a bladder into which the nephropore opens (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE31FFE58FE967D63A566B68" author="Lenssen J" box="[162,332,503,524]" pageId="7" pageNumber="454" pagination="289 - 332" refId="ref76722" refString="Lenssen J. 1902. Systeme nerveux, systeme circulatoire, systeme respiratoire et systeme excreteur de la Neritina fluviatilis. La Cellule 20: 289 - 332." type="journal article" year="1902">Lenssen, 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE31FFE58E1667D63AF56B68" author="Thiele J" box="[349,495,503,525]" pageId="7" pageNumber="454" pagination="249 - 466" refId="ref80540" refString="Thiele J. 1902. Die systematische Stellung der Solenogastren und die Phylogenie der Mollusken. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 72: 249 - 466." type="journal article" year="1902">Thiele, 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE31FFE58D4B67D639846B68" author="Bourne GC" box="[512,670,503,524]" pageId="7" pageNumber="454" pagination="810 - 887" refId="ref72550" refString="Bourne GC. 1908. Contributions to the morphology of the group Neritacea of aspidobranch gastropods. Part I. The Neritidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1908: 810 - 887." type="journal article" year="1908">Bourne, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE31FFE58DE467D63BCE6B4E" author="Sasaki T" pageId="7" pageNumber="454" pagination="1 - 224" refId="ref79640" refString="Sasaki T. 1998. Comparative anatomy and phylogeny of the Recent Archaeogastropoda (Mollusca: Gastropoda). University of Tokyo Bulletin 38: 1 - 224." type="journal article" year="1998">Sasaki, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE31FFE58FAB643439606B4F" author="Estabrooks WA & Kay EA & McCarthy SA" box="[224,634,533,555]" pageId="7" pageNumber="454" pagination="61 - 72" refId="ref73685" refString="Estabrooks WA, Kay EA, McCarthy SA. 1999. Structure of the excretory system of Hawaiian nerites (Gastropoda: Neritoidea). Journal of Molluscan Studies 65: 61 - 72." type="journal article" year="1999">Estabrooks, Kay & McCarthy, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The intestine pierces not only the ventricle, but the lumen of the kidney as well (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE31FFE58E0564723AC76B0D" author="Thiele J" box="[334,477,595,617]" pageId="7" pageNumber="454" pagination="249 - 466" refId="ref80540" refString="Thiele J. 1902. Die systematische Stellung der Solenogastren und die Phylogenie der Mollusken. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 72: 249 - 466." type="journal article" year="1902">Thiele, 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), posteriorly separating a portion of the reno-pericardial coelom.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA00835EE31FFE58FF864B139C16ADE" blockId="7.[155,771,196,954]" pageId="7" pageNumber="454">
|
||
The neritid nervous system is right zygoneurous and left dialyneurous, with paired visceral ganglia – one lying in the transverse pallial vein and the second adjacent to the vestigial gill (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE31FFE58EBC64CD39806A65" author="Bouvier E-L" box="[503,666,748,770]" pageId="7" pageNumber="454" pagination="1281 - 1283" refId="ref72652" refString="Bouvier E-L. 1892. Le systeme nerveux des Neritides. Comptes Rendus des Sciences, Paris 114: 1281 - 1283." type="journal article" year="1892">Bouvier, 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE31FFE58DE364CD3BCF6A45" author="Bourne GC" pageId="7" pageNumber="454" pagination="810 - 887" refId="ref72550" refString="Bourne GC. 1908. Contributions to the morphology of the group Neritacea of aspidobranch gastropods. Part I. The Neritidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1908: 810 - 887." type="journal article" year="1908">Bourne, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The pedal ganglia are united by a single commissure (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE31FFE58E4065083AB16A5A" author="Bourne GC" box="[267,427,809,830]" pageId="7" pageNumber="454" pagination="810 - 887" refId="ref72550" refString="Bourne GC. 1908. Contributions to the morphology of the group Neritacea of aspidobranch gastropods. Part I. The Neritidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1908: 810 - 887." type="journal article" year="1908">Bourne, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE31FFE58EF66508394D6A5B" author="Sasaki T" box="[445,599,809,831]" pageId="7" pageNumber="454" pagination="1 - 224" refId="ref79640" refString="Sasaki T. 1998. Comparative anatomy and phylogeny of the Recent Archaeogastropoda (Mollusca: Gastropoda). University of Tokyo Bulletin 38: 1 - 224." type="journal article" year="1998">Sasaki, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The identity and homology of the subintestinal ganglion, while previously in question (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE31FFE58ECE6546390E6A19" author="Haller B" box="[389,532,871,893]" pageId="7" pageNumber="454" refId="ref74752" refString="Haller B. 1894. Studien uber Docoglosse und Rhipidoglosse Prosobranchier. Leipzig: Engelmann." type="book" year="1894">Haller, 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), consists of a swelling lying between and just behind the pleural ganglia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE31FFE58FE965853A5B6ADD" author="Bouvier E-L" box="[162,321,932,954]" pageId="7" pageNumber="454" pagination="1281 - 1283" refId="ref72652" refString="Bouvier E-L. 1892. Le systeme nerveux des Neritides. Comptes Rendus des Sciences, Paris 114: 1281 - 1283." type="journal article" year="1892">Bouvier, 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE31FFE58E0565853AF26ADD" author="Bourne GC" box="[334,488,932,953]" pageId="7" pageNumber="454" pagination="810 - 887" refId="ref72550" refString="Bourne GC. 1908. Contributions to the morphology of the group Neritacea of aspidobranch gastropods. Part I. The Neritidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1908: 810 - 887." type="journal article" year="1908">Bourne, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E75C4EE31FFE58EBF658539CA6ADE" author="Starmuhlner F" box="[500,720,932,954]" pageId="7" pageNumber="454" pagination="1 - 434" refId="ref80179" refString="Starmuhlner F. 1969. Die Gastropoden der Madagassischen Binnengewasser. Malacologia 8: 1 - 434." type="journal article" year="1969">Starmühlner, 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |