188 lines
19 KiB
XML
188 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="A70E59B8FC4C6B50C0863C29178A2E4E" ID-CLB-Dataset="62922" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6609100" ID-GBIF-Dataset="86c2b13a-7a7e-4f68-a732-9ccb383423dc" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-04-6" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6609100" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1654199812575" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier & Thomas E. Lacher, Jr" docDate="2017" docId="03AE87DDFF99BD15FA3EFA06F896F433" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_7_Spalacidae_0108.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Eospalax smithii" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="134" masterDocId="FF97FFA5FF9CBD10FF87FFBFFF9BFFAA" masterDocTitle="Spalacidae" masterLastPageNumber="142" masterPageNumber="108" pageNumber="134" updateTime="1699338824828" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="1770F46E2D2AEDDC70EE57928B5428A9">
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<mods:title id="4541FCF59555056F48786F021A989A3A">Spalacidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F38F112C6D66A898B5A1B81F2B10A134">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E65B9DAFD869AD3C5433B90704D1679E">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B0B9CEAD49F85BA68517A94D1C0E2EF8">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:publisher id="062B609D39CA49A052C134E51332FA27">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:title id="A7834BE130430F5F56370ECFA98C0347">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03AE87DDFF99BD15FA3EFA06F896F433" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6608858" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195728728" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6608858" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE87DDFF99BD15FA3EFA06F896F433" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AE87DDFF99BD15FA3EFA06F896F433" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">
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<heading id="D0F081A7FF99BD15FA3EFA06FA6BFA4D" box="[1465,1520,1465,1511]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">
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<figureCitation id="133C2A4EFF99BD15FA3EFA06FA6BFA4D" box="[1465,1520,1465,1511]" captionStart="Plate 5: Spalacidae" captionStartId="2.[102,132,3298,3323]" captionTargetBox="[14,2754,13,3646]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Altai Zokor (Myospalax myospalax), 2. Steppe Zokor (Myospalax aspalax), 3. Armand’s Zokor (Mpyospalax armandii), 4. Manchurian Zokor (Myospalax psilurus), 5. Khingan Zokor (Myospalax epsilanus), 6. Fontanier’s Zokor (FEospalax fontaniern), 7. Gansu Zokor (Fospalax cansus), 8. Qinling Zokor (Fospalax rufescens), 9. Plateau Zokor (FEospalax bailey), 10. Rothschild’s Zokor (Eospalax rothschildi), 11. Smith’s Zokor (Eospalax smithu), 12. Chinese Bamboo Rat (Rhizomys sinensis), 13. Hoary Bamboo Rat (Rhizomys pruinosus), 14. Indomalayan Bamboo Rat (Rhizomys sumatrensis), 15. Lesser Bamboo Rat (Cannomys badius), 16. African Root Rat (Tachyoryctes splendens), 17. Giant Root Rat (Tachyoryctes macrocephalus), 18. Oltenia Blind Mole-rat (Spalax istricus), 19. Mehely’s Blind Mole-rat (Spalax antiquus), 20. Bukovina Blind Mole-rat (Spalax graecus), 21. Podolsk Blind Mole-rat (Spalax zemni), 22. Sandy Blind Mole-rat (Spalax arenarius), 23. Greater Blind Mole-rat (Spalax microphthalmus), 24. Giant Blind Mole-rat (Spalax giganteus), 25. Kazakhstan Blind Mole-rat (Spalax uralensis), 26. Lesser Blind Mole-rat (Nannospalax leucodon), 27. Anatolian Blind Mole-rat (Nannospalax xanthodon), 28. Middle East Blind Mole-rat (Nannospalax ehrenbergi)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6609169" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6609169/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">11.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF99BD15F986FA06F8BDFA4D" box="[1537,1830,1465,1511]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF99BD15F986FA06F8BDFA4D" blockId="5.[1461,2251,1465,1553]" box="[1537,1830,1465,1511]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">
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<heading id="D0F081A7FF99BD15F986FA06F8BDFA4D" box="[1537,1830,1465,1511]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">
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<vernacularName id="050446E5FF99BD15F986FA06F8BDFA4D" box="[1537,1830,1465,1511]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">Smith’s Zokor</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF99BD15F8D0FA06F714FA4D" box="[1879,2191,1465,1511]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF99BD15F8D0FA06F714FA4D" blockId="5.[1461,2251,1465,1553]" box="[1879,2191,1465,1511]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">
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<heading id="D0F081A7FF99BD15F8D0FA06F714FA4D" box="[1879,2191,1465,1511]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF99BD15F8D0FA06F714FA4D" ID-CoL="6FKHT" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1879,2191,1465,1511]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Eospalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="smithii">
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<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF99BD15F8D0FA06F714FA4D" box="[1879,2191,1465,1511]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">Eospalax smithii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF99BD15FA31FA46F752F9A4" box="[1462,2249,1529,1550]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF99BD15FA31FA46F752F9A4" blockId="5.[1461,2251,1465,1553]" box="[1462,2249,1529,1550]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">
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<heading id="D0F081A7FF99BD15FA31FA46F752F9A4" box="[1462,2249,1529,1550]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">
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<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF99BD15FA31FA46F999F9A4" bold="true" box="[1462,1538,1529,1550]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050446E5FF99BD15F98DFA46F939F9A4" box="[1546,1698,1529,1550]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">Zokor de Smith</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF99BD15F930FA46F889F9A4" bold="true" box="[1719,1810,1529,1550]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050446E5FF99BD15F89CFA46F82CF9A4" box="[1819,1975,1529,1550]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">Smith-Blindmull</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF99BD15F84AFA46F7B2F9A4" bold="true" box="[1997,2089,1529,1550]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050446E5FF99BD15F7B6FA46F752F9A4" box="[2097,2249,1529,1550]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">Zocor de Smith</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF99BD15F79DF986F7F8F928" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF99BD15F79DF986F7F8F928" blockId="5.[2074,2670,1593,2020]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">
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<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF99BD15F79DF986F72EF9F0" bold="true" box="[2074,2229,1593,1626]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF99BD15F751F986F7C5F928" ID-CoL="4567L" authority="Thomas" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1911" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Myospalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="smithii">Myospalax smithii Thomas, 1911</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF99BD15F7E8F9DAF73FF900" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF99BD15F7E8F9DAF73FF900" blockId="5.[2074,2670,1593,2020]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">
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<materialsCitation id="3B6F3C96FF99BD15F7E8F9DAF73FF900" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3802165318" country="China" location="Tao-chou" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Gansu">
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<locationDeviation id="9A0A2FE9FF99BD15F7E8F9DAF727F928" box="[2159,2236,1637,1666]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.828032" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" unit="mi" value="30.0">30 mi</locationDeviation>
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</quantity>
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(
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<locationDeviation id="9A0A2FE9FF99BD15F755F9DAF6B0F928" box="[2258,2347,1637,1666]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" unit="km" value="48.0">48 km</locationDeviation>
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</quantity>
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) SE of
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<location id="8ED86010FF99BD15F614F9DAF583F928" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE87DDFF99BD15FA3EFA06F896F433:8ED86010FF99BD15F614F9DAF583F928" box="[2451,2584,1637,1666]" country="China" name="Tao-chou" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" stateProvince="Gansu">Tao-chou</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49C3F829FF99BD15F5AEF9DAF7A2F900" country="China" name="Gansu" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">Gansu</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F310765BFF99BD15F7CDF932F73BF900" box="[2122,2208,1677,1706]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">China</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF99BD15F79CF910F800F7A5" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF99BD15F79CF910F800F7A5" blockId="5.[2074,2670,1593,2020]" lastBlockId="5.[1463,2672,2030,2969]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">
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G. M. Allen in 1940 suggested that E. smith-#2 may be a hybrid between
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF99BD15F62FF968F5CAF952" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[2472,2641,1751,1784]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Eospalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rothschildi">E. rothschildi</taxonomicName>
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x
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF99BD15F79CF8B9F70DF8B5" authorityName="Lyon" authorityYear="1907" box="[2075,2198,1798,1823]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Myotalpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cansus">E. cansus</taxonomicName>
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, but subsequent authorities have not adopted this position. On the basis of tooth morphology and smaller body size, M. A. Lawrence in 1991 argued for a sister relationship to
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF99BD15F6A3F823F656F817" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[2340,2509,1948,1981]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Eospalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rothschildi">E. rothschildi</taxonomicName>
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. Molecular data weakly suggest a close relationship to
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF99BD15FA30F851F9D7F7A5" box="[1463,1612,2030,2063]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Fospalax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rufescens">E. rufescens</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF99BD15F9FCF851F96BF7A5" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1911" box="[1659,1776,2030,2063]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Myospalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="baileyi">E. baileyi</taxonomicName>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF99BD15FA30F7A7F6EDF79F" box="[1463,2422,2072,2101]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" type="multiple">
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<caption id="DF786643FF99BD15FA30F7A7F6EDF79F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6609128" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6609128" box="[1463,2422,2072,2101]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6609128/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" targetBox="[1460,2050,1606,2019]" targetPageId="5">
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<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF99BD15FA30F7A7F6EDF79F" blockId="5.[1463,2672,2030,2969]" box="[1463,2422,2072,2101]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">
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<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF99BD15FA30F7A7F9FCF79F" bold="true" box="[1463,1639,2072,2101]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Gansu, Ningxia, N Sichuan, and W Shaanxi (C China).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF99BD15FA3FF784F805F6E3" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF99BD15FA3FF784F805F6E3" blockId="5.[1463,2672,2030,2969]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">
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<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF99BD15FA3FF784F92BF7F6" bold="true" box="[1464,1712,2107,2140]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 162-255 mm,tail 34-39 mm; weight 180-460 g. Smith's Zokor has dark brown dorsal pelage, with slight cinnamon colored tips. Back of head is dark gray to velvety black, area around ears is dark brown, and vibrissae are black and white. White forehead blaze is present in some individuals. Venter is grayish brown, also mixed with cinnamon. Immature individuals are bluish gray, with sooty gray head. Temporal ridges are more pronounced, and auditory bullae are more flattened compared with other species of zokors.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF99BD15FA3EF6F0F5B0F6DA" box="[1465,2603,2383,2416]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF99BD15FA3EF6F0F5B0F6DA" blockId="5.[1463,2672,2030,2969]" box="[1465,2603,2383,2416]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">
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||
<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF99BD15FA3EF6F0F9B3F6DA" bold="true" box="[1465,1576,2383,2416]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Steppe, open fields, grassland, and cropland at elevations above 2000 m.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF99BD15FA3EF6C8F75DF632" box="[1465,2246,2423,2456]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF99BD15FA3EF6C8F75DF632" blockId="5.[1463,2672,2030,2969]" box="[1465,2246,2423,2456]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">
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<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF99BD15FA3EF6C8F925F632" bold="true" box="[1465,1726,2423,2456]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Smith’s Zokor eats primarily grasses.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF99BD15FA3EF622F85BF5A4" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF99BD15FA3EF622F85BF5A4" blockId="5.[1463,2672,2030,2969]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF99BD15FA3EF622F9A4F614" bold="true" box="[1465,1599,2461,2494]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Breeding of Smith’s Zokor peaks in June-July, and offspring are born in May-September. Litter size is usually 2-4 young but can be as high as eight young. Females produce two litters annually.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF99BD15FA3FF5AAF809F59C" box="[1464,1938,2581,2614]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF99BD15FA3FF5AAF809F59C" blockId="5.[1463,2672,2030,2969]" box="[1464,1938,2581,2614]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF99BD15FA3FF5AAF938F59C" bold="true" box="[1464,1699,2581,2614]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF99BD15FA3DF584F897F52F" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF99BD15FA3DF584F897F52F" blockId="5.[1463,2672,2030,2969]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF99BD15FA3DF584F7E6F5F6" bold="true" box="[1466,2173,2619,2652]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Smith’s Zokors construct complex burrows in soft wetsoils.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF99BD15FA3CF535F902F488" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF99BD15FA3CF535F902F488" blockId="5.[1463,2672,2030,2969]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF99BD15FA3CF535F88DF501" bold="true" box="[1467,1814,2698,2731]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List and as near threatened on the 2016 China Red List. Smith’s Zokor reportedly has a wide distribution and large population, does not face major threats, and is found in one or more protected areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF99BD15FA3BF48FF896F433" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF99BD15FA3BF48FF896F433" blockId="5.[1463,2672,2030,2969]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF99BD15FA3BF48FF9CFF4E3" bold="true" box="[1468,1620,2864,2889]" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Allen (1940), Fan Naichang & Shi Yinzhu (1982), He Ya etal. (2012), Jiang Zhigang et al. (2016), Lawrence (1991), Li Baoguo & Chen Fuguan (1989), Musser & Carleton (2005), Smith (2008), Smith & Johnston (2008c), Su Junhu et al. (2014).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |