175 lines
18 KiB
XML
175 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="0A1E777507A255DE9A739C27FBBF00CC" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930010023466" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5299771" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629999304536" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Skartveit, John" docDate="2010" docId="03AE752CFF90DA1E6241D828FD76B385" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.36.4.449-485.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 36 (4)" docSource="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00222930010023466" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C540815C53297EEE0623138269730482.2:JNatHist.2000-2002.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="C540815C53297EEE0623138269730482" docStyleName="JNatHist.2000-2002.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Bibio pomonae" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="460" masterDocId="FF970D54FF9ADA126315DD39FFB7B03F" masterDocTitle="The larvae of European Bibioninae (Diptera, Bibionidae)" masterLastPageNumber="485" masterPageNumber="449" pageNumber="458" updateTime="1699135042207" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="88A1FE19EC37F4A03C9D0EED0EC60C19">The larvae of European Bibioninae (Diptera, Bibionidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="810440EA4DA10E290CEE4EB687722869">Skartveit, John</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A4846852F532A799752BC1863A59796E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="96CA946B311BDE0E824D44B9A653A5D5">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="EE44512CC98E542524595F4C5BF71DAE">
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<mods:date id="1297F13FF47784BB7578558387621D97">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A4048CE80CBD9BA0F85202D1464A1586">2010-12-03</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="7832EBA84ECF60C7BF5F805AD8BD97BD">36</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="3506DEDCB23C9E2AAEEAFF84BF0D41E1">449</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="DBB6C27545AAC34846C24A72F3062142">https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00222930010023466</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="C84A5164A639F8C86BBEDAFE036A998D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="60AD7564B51FC239359C9E593A288CE6" type="DOI">10.1080/00222930010023466</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="46BF137E6FD00FB34581539BCFA5F447" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CBF27A2E08618C967F69AA28B8A90D49" type="Zenodo-Dep">5299771</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AE752CFF90DA1E6241D828FD76B385" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5306395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5306395" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE752CFF90DA1E6241D828FD76B385" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AE752CFF90DA1E6241D828FD76B385" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="460" pageId="10" pageNumber="458">
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<subSubSection id="C31D97B1FF90DA186241D828FE6DB546" pageId="10" pageNumber="458" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB8C43AFF90DA186241D828FCCAB516" blockId="10.[340,893,1297,1321]" box="[340,893,1297,1321]" pageId="10" pageNumber="458">
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<heading id="D0F07356FF90DA186241D828FCCAB516" box="[340,893,1297,1321]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="458" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C07BFB9FF90DA186241D828FD7EB516" ID-CoL="LRB6" authority="(Fabricius, 1775)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[340,713,1297,1321]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pomonae">
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<emphasis id="B9731828FF90DA186241D828FE4DB516" bold="true" box="[340,506,1297,1321]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="458">Bibio pomonae</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF96B9CBFF90DA18611AD828FD09B516" author="FABRICIUS, J. C." box="[527,702,1297,1321]" pageId="10" pageNumber="458" refId="ref15337" refString="FABRICIUS, J. C., 1775, Systema entomologiae, sistens insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus (Leipzig: Flensburg), 832 pp." type="book" year="1775">Fabricius, 1775</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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(®gures 12±18)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB8C43AFF90DA1863A6D878FE6DB546" blockId="10.[140,1095,1345,1687]" pageId="10" pageNumber="458">
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Larva described by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF96B9CBFF90DA18628AD878FDF1B566" author="MORRIS, H. M." box="[415,582,1345,1369]" pageId="10" pageNumber="458" pagination="232" refId="ref16049" refString="MORRIS, H. M., 1921, The larval and pupal stages of the Bibionidae, Bulletin of Entomologica l Research, 12, 221 ± 232." type="journal article" year="1921">Morris (1921)</bibRefCitation>
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, who was not quite sure about its identity, con®rmed by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF96B9CBFF90DA18623ED858FE61B546" author="BRINDLE, A." box="[299,470,1377,1401]" pageId="10" pageNumber="458" pagination="26" refId="ref15115" refString="BRINDLE, A., 1962, Taxonomic notes on the larvae of British Diptera. 6 DThe family Bibionidae, Entomologist, 81, 22 ± 26." type="journal article" year="1962">Brindle (1962)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31D97B1FF90DA1E63A6D8B8FD76B385" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="460" pageId="10" pageNumber="458" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB8C43AFF90DA1863A6D8B8FBF7B5A7" blockId="10.[140,1095,1345,1687]" box="[179,1088,1409,1433]" pageId="10" pageNumber="458">
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Reddish brown, dull. Total length full-grown
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<quantity id="4CFF69DFFF90DA1861D7D8B8FC81B5A7" box="[706,822,1409,1433]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="458" unit="mm" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">20±25 mm</quantity>
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. Processes rather long.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB8C43AFF90DA1863A6D898FC83B6A8" blockId="10.[140,1095,1345,1687]" pageId="10" pageNumber="458">
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<emphasis id="B9731828FF90DA1863A6D898FF41B586" box="[179,246,1441,1465]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="458">Head.</emphasis>
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Reddish. Head capsule width of sixth instar
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<quantity id="4CFF69DFFF90DA186029D898FC6EB587" box="[828,985,1441,1465]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1099999999999999" metricValueMax="1.23" metricValueMin="0.99" pageId="10" pageNumber="458" unit="mm" value="1.1099999999999999" valueMax="1.23" valueMin="0.99">0.99±1.23 mm</quantity>
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(
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<emphasis id="B9731828FF90DA1860E4D89BFC49B586" box="[1009,1022,1442,1465]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="458">n</emphasis>
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= 55), of seventh instar
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<quantity id="4CFF69DFFF90DA186271D8F9FDB6B5E7" box="[356,513,1472,1496]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.51" metricValueMax="1.67" metricValueMin="1.35" pageId="10" pageNumber="458" unit="mm" value="1.51" valueMax="1.67" valueMin="1.35">1.35±1.67 mm</quantity>
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(
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<emphasis id="B9731828FF90DA18610FD8F8FD90B5E7" box="[538,551,1473,1496]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="458">n</emphasis>
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=167). Labrum (®gure 12) with one pair of short setae on the transverse carina. Mandible (®gure 13) with ®ve teeth. Maxilla (®gure 14) comb with six teeth, seta on outer front margin rather long. Inner surface with long and pointed spines, 10±14 round`holes’. Row of ®ve spines on membraneous area of maxillary palp. Prementum (®gure 14) with 10 sensillae. Stemmata present in most individuals but usually few and weakly pigmented. Antenna diameter
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<emphasis id="B9731828FF90DA186399DBB9FF12B6A8" box="[140,165,1664,1687]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="458">ca</emphasis>
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<quantity id="4CFF69DFFF90DA1863B8DB46FF6DB6A8" box="[173,218,1663,1687]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="458" unit="m" value="60.0">
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60
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<emphasis id="B9731828FF90DA1863D9DB46FF6DB6A8" bold="true" box="[204,218,1663,1687]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="458">m</emphasis>
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</quantity>
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m with one large and three to four smaller sensillae.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF7894B2FF91DA196399DB34FE2EB6B2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5299779" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5299779" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5299779/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="459" startId="11.[140,156,1549,1570]" targetBox="[145,1089,130,1519]" targetPageId="11">
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<paragraph id="8BB8C43AFF91DA196399DB34FE2EB6B2" blockId="11.[140,1095,1549,1678]" pageId="11" pageNumber="459">
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FIGS 12±18.
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<emphasis id="B9731828FF91DA19620BDB34FE0DB61C" box="[286,442,1549,1571]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="459">
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<taxonomicName id="4C07BFB9FF91DA19620BDB34FE05B61C" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[286,434,1549,1571]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pomonae">Bibio pomonae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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(12) Labrum, dorsal view. (13) Mandible, internal view. (14) Maxilla and prementum, ventral view. (15) Cuticle of dorsal side of prothorax, anterior (a) and posterior (b) part of segment. (16) Cuticle of dorsal side of metathorax. (17) Cuticle of dorsal side of fourth abdominal segment. (18) Cuticle of dorsal side of ninth abdominal segment.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BB8C43AFF96DA1E63A6DDBCFDD2B244" blockId="12.[140,1095,133,954]" pageId="12" pageNumber="460">
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||
<emphasis id="B9731828FF96DA1E63A6DDBCFF43B0A2" box="[179,244,133,157]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="460">Body.</emphasis>
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Processes rather long. Dorsal processes arranged in three pairs, progressively shorter inwards. Posterior processes
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<emphasis id="B9731828FF96DA1E6190DD9FFD29B082" box="[645,670,166,189]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="460">ca</emphasis>
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||
3/5 as long as last segment. Postspiracular processes approximately 3.5 times as long as spiracle diameter, situated slightly more than one spiracle diameter posterior to spiracle. Cuticular scales: prothorax (®gure 15) in front of ®rst segment row rather rounded,
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||
<quantity id="4CFF69DFFF96DA1E6081DC3CFC5CB122" box="[916,1003,261,285]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="460" unit="m" value="27.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="20.0">
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||
20±35
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||
<emphasis id="B9731828FF96DA1E60C8DC3CFC5CB122" bold="true" box="[989,1003,261,285]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="460">m</emphasis>
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||
</quantity>
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||
m wide, each scale with 4±12 pointed spines which are slightly longer than the scale. In lateral view the spines appear rather strongly curved. Numerous smaller, unarmed scales between the larger, spine-bearing scales except in the very anterior end. The larger scales on the second and more posterior segments are rather irregular in outline. Metathorax (®gure 16) larger scales
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||
<quantity id="4CFF69DFFF96DA1E6191DC9DFD6CB183" box="[644,731,420,444]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="460" unit="m" value="40.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="30.0">
|
||
30±50
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||
<emphasis id="B9731828FF96DA1E61D8DC9DFD6CB183" bold="true" box="[717,731,420,444]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="460">m</emphasis>
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</quantity>
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m wide mostly with one to four, but some with up to 12 spines. Fourth abdominal segment (®gure 17) larger scales
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<quantity id="4CFF69DFFF96DA1E6399DCDDFF55B1C3" box="[140,226,484,508]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="460" unit="m" value="35.0" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="25.0">
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25± 45
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||
<emphasis id="B9731828FF96DA1E63C1DCDDFF55B1C3" bold="true" box="[212,226,484,508]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="460">m</emphasis>
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</quantity>
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m wide mostly with one, but some with up to three spines. Ninth abdominal segment (®gure 18) scales diameter
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<quantity id="4CFF69DFFF96DA1E6130DF3DFDCBB223" box="[549,636,516,540]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="460" unit="m" value="35.0" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="25.0">
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||
25±45
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||
<emphasis id="B9731828FF96DA1E617BDF3DFDCBB223" bold="true" box="[622,636,516,540]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="460">m</emphasis>
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||
</quantity>
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m, mostly with one short spine. Ventral surface scales of the ninth abdominal segment with rather large, single spines laterally, with tiny, slender spines mesally. Spiracles: projecting approximately onehalf spiracle diameter from body surface.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB8C43AFF96DA1E63A6DFBAFE68B2C4" blockId="12.[140,1095,133,954]" pageId="12" pageNumber="460">
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||
<emphasis id="B9731828FF96DA1E63A6DFBAFE88B2A4" box="[179,319,643,667]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="460">Distribution.</emphasis>
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All of Europe, but only in the highlands in the southern part.
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<collectingCountry id="F31084AAFF96DA1E6399DF9DFF4EB284" box="[140,249,675,699]" name="China" pageId="12" pageNumber="460">East Asia</collectingCountry>
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: Kamtchatka, Amur Area, probably generally distributed. Closely related species in
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<collectingCountry id="F31084AAFF96DA1E6213DFFDFEC0B2E4" box="[262,375,707,731]" name="China" pageId="12" pageNumber="460">East Asia</collectingCountry>
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||
(
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<taxonomicName id="4C07BFB9FF96DA1E629FDFFAFD00B2E4" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1869" box="[394,695,707,731]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consanguineus">
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<emphasis id="B9731828FF96DA1E629FDFFAFDDAB2E4" box="[394,621,707,731]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="460">Bibio consanguineus</emphasis>
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Loew
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</taxonomicName>
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) and North America (
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<taxonomicName id="4C07BFB9FF96DA1E60D2DFFAFF5FB2C4" authority="McAtee" authorityName="McAtee" authorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holtii">
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<emphasis id="B9731828FF96DA1E60D2DFFAFBF1B2E4" box="[967,1094,707,731]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="460">Bibio holtii</emphasis>
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McAtee
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C07BFB9FF96DA1E63E3DFDDFE64B2C4" authority="Johnson" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1929" box="[246,467,739,763]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bryanti">
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<emphasis id="B9731828FF96DA1E63E3DFDDFED1B2C4" box="[246,358,739,763]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="460">B. bryanti</emphasis>
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Johnson
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB8C43AFF96DA1E63A6DE3AFE4CB345" blockId="12.[140,1095,133,954]" pageId="12" pageNumber="460">
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<emphasis id="B9731828FF96DA1E63A6DE3AFEA3B324" box="[179,276,771,795]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="460">Ecology.</emphasis>
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Eurytopical species. Deciduous forest, heathlands, mountain meadows, willow shrubbery. Full-grown larvae in June to September (probably also the rest of the year because of long life cycle). Life cycle length in mountain areas at least 2 years, possibly longer.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BB8C43AFF96DA1E63A6DEBAFD76B385" blockId="12.[140,1095,133,954]" pageId="12" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9731828FF96DA1E63A6DEBAFEABB3A4" box="[179,284,899,923]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="460">Material.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B6FCE67FF96DA1E6222DEBAFD0FB385" collectingDate="1985-05-06" collectingDateMax="1985-09-16" collectingDateMin="1985-05-06" collectorName="P. Ottesen" country="Norway" county="Finse" location="Larvae" municipality="Ulvik" pageId="12" pageNumber="460" specimenCount="222" specimenCount-larva="222">
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||
<location id="8ED892E1FF96DA1E6222DEBAFE32B3A5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE752CFF90DA1E6241D828FD76B385:8ED892E1FF96DA1E6222DEBAFE32B3A5" box="[311,389,899,922]" country="Norway" county="Finse" municipality="Ulvik" name="Larvae" pageId="12" pageNumber="460">Larvae</location>
|
||
:
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<collectingCountry id="F31084AAFF96DA1E6281DEBAFE47B3A4" box="[404,496,899,923]" name="Norway" pageId="12" pageNumber="460">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
, HOI:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BDC5E40FF96DA1E6156DEBAFD35B3A4" box="[579,642,899,923]" pageId="12" pageNumber="460">Ulvik</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, near
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62D9BCB6FF96DA1E61DFDEBAFCB0B3A4" box="[714,775,899,923]" pageId="12" pageNumber="460">Finse</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
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<collectingMethod id="5246BC2DFF96DA1E6003DEBAFC59B3A5" box="[790,1006,899,923]" pageId="12" pageNumber="460">Barber pitfall traps</collectingMethod>
|
||
,
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||
<date id="FFB9E2FAFF96DA1E60E8DEBAFE33B385" pageId="12" pageNumber="460" value="1985-05-06" valueMax="1985-09-16" valueMin="1985-05-06">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFFD1B12FF96DA1E60E8DEBAFE33B385" pageId="12" pageNumber="460" value="1985-05-06" valueMax="1985-09-16" valueMin="1985-05-06">6 May to 16 September 1985</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26F2A1ECFF96DA1E6280DE9AFDBCB385" box="[405,523,930,954]" pageId="12" pageNumber="460">P. Ottesen</collectorName>
|
||
leg.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D010FB3FF96DA1E6151DE9BFD0FB385" box="[580,696,930,954]" pageId="12" pageNumber="460" type="larva">222 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |