186 lines
20 KiB
XML
186 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="87647B66ADCAECF15EF9047C8C13DBF7" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930010023466" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5299771" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629999304536" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Skartveit, John" docDate="2010" docId="03AE752CFF8BDA016273D875FCB4B43E" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.36.4.449-485.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 36 (4)" docSource="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00222930010023466" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C540815C53297EEE0623138269730482.2:JNatHist.2000-2002.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="C540815C53297EEE0623138269730482" docStyleName="JNatHist.2000-2002.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Bibio varipes Meigen 1830" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="467" masterDocId="FF970D54FF9ADA126315DD39FFB7B03F" masterDocTitle="The larvae of European Bibioninae (Diptera, Bibionidae)" masterLastPageNumber="485" masterPageNumber="449" pageNumber="465" updateTime="1699135042207" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="34B1BDB4A0B04363FD4350C2C37ADB91">The larvae of European Bibioninae (Diptera, Bibionidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EAB590D84B4AAD5507FFF52F7C16A649">Skartveit, John</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="AED6F48EE6B0A21963FEC258B27A7359">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9A7A8C9E1A857A09A2E55C3245A5A4D7">
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<mods:date id="9CA0931C3E2CA8325AB9DF96C3527CC2">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9418DBC638680F2FB468C2C6A989FF93">2010-12-03</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="09F3F017090FF7218D9687036D124F9F">36</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="79A8E4E4CC32B91FD85D208ED781C624">https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00222930010023466</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="2C245D877A20DE69CB1D0074651E2954" type="DOI">10.1080/00222930010023466</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="183544C71A5E620A079A9670ED18ECC8" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AE752CFF8BDA016273D875FCB4B43E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5306410" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5306410" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE752CFF8BDA016273D875FCB4B43E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AE752CFF8BDA016273D875FCB4B43E" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="467" pageId="17" pageNumber="465">
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<subSubSection id="C31D97B1FF8BDA036273D875FB9CB587" pageId="17" pageNumber="465" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB8C43AFF8BDA036273D875FCDBB55B" blockId="17.[358,876,1356,1380]" box="[358,876,1356,1380]" pageId="17" pageNumber="465">
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<heading id="D0F07356FF8BDA036273D875FCDBB55B" box="[358,876,1356,1380]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="465" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C07BFB9FF8BDA036273D875FD2EB55B" ID-CoL="929VT" authority="Meigen, 1830" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1830" box="[358,665,1356,1380]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varipes">
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<emphasis id="B9731828FF8BDA036273D875FE40B55B" bold="true" box="[358,503,1356,1380]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="465">Bibio varipes</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF96B9CBFF8BDA0362EAD875FD2EB55B" author="MEIGEN, J. W." box="[511,665,1356,1380]" pageId="17" pageNumber="465" refId="ref15970" refString="MEIGEN, J. W., 1830, Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europaEischen zweiuEgeligen Insekten, Sechster Theil (Hamm: Schulz), 401 pp." type="book" year="1830">Meigen, 1830</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(®gures 1, 40 ±46)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB8C43AFF8BDA0363A6D8B8FB9CB587" blockId="17.[140,1095,1409,1687]" pageId="17" pageNumber="465">
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Larva not previously described although aspects of its biology has been treated by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF96B9CBFF8BDA0363A4D898FEF9B586" author="BELING, T." box="[177,334,1441,1465]" pageId="17" pageNumber="465" pagination="650" refId="ref14899" refString="BELING, T., 1872, Beitrag zur Naturgeschichte der ZweiuEgler-Gattungen Bibio und Dilophus, Verhandlunge n zoologisch-bot anischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 22, 617 ± 650." type="journal article" year="1872">Beling (1872)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF96B9CBFF8BDA036248D898FD86B586" author="SCHREMMER, F." box="[349,561,1441,1465]" pageId="17" pageNumber="465" pagination="153" refId="ref16423" refString="SCHREMMER, F., 1958, Bibiolarven als Verarbeiter von Nadelstreu, Anzeiger fuEr SchaEdlingskunde, 31, 151 ± 153." type="journal article" year="1958">Schremmer (1958)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EF96B9CBFF8BDA036178D898FCADB586" author="HELLRIGL, K." box="[621,794,1441,1465]" pageId="17" pageNumber="465" pagination="81" refId="ref15520" refString="HELLRIGL, K., 1995, Large numbers of Bibio larvae (Dipt., Bibionidae) in South Tyrol and their importance for woodland, Anzeiger fuEr SchaEdlingskunde, Panzenschutz und Umweltschutz, 68, 79 ± 81." type="journal article" year="1995">Hellrigl (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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. Yellowish brown, dull.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31D97B1FF8BDA0163A6D8F9FCB4B43E" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="467" pageId="17" pageNumber="465" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB8C43AFF8BDA0163A6D8F9FBF2B0E2" blockId="17.[140,1095,1409,1687]" lastBlockId="19.[140,1095,133,1025]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="467" pageId="17" pageNumber="465">
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<emphasis id="B9731828FF8BDA0363A6D8F9FF41B5E7" box="[179,246,1472,1496]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="465">Head.</emphasis>
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Head capsule width ®rst instar
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<quantity id="4CFF69DFFF8BDA0361D3D8F9FC92B5E7" box="[710,805,1472,1496]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="17" pageNumber="465" unit="mm" value="0.19">0.19 mm</quantity>
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(
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<emphasis id="B9731828FF8BDA036053D8F8FCE4B5E7" box="[838,851,1473,1496]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="465">n</emphasis>
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= 3), fourth instar
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<quantity id="4CFF69DFFF8BDA036399D8D9FE9FB5C7" box="[140,296,1504,1528]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.05" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="17" pageNumber="465" unit="mm" value="0.405" valueMax="0.42" valueMin="0.39">0.39±0.42 mm</quantity>
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(
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<emphasis id="B9731828FF8BDA036229D8D8FEFEB5C7" box="[316,329,1505,1528]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="465">n</emphasis>
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=27), ®fth instar
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<quantity id="4CFF69DFFF8BDA036108D8D9FD0DB5C7" box="[541,698,1504,1528]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.15" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="4.8" pageId="17" pageNumber="465" unit="mm" value="0.515" valueMax="0.55" valueMin="0.48">0.48±0.55 mm</quantity>
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||
(
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||
<emphasis id="B9731828FF8BDA0361D8D8D8FD6DB5C7" box="[717,730,1505,1528]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="465">n</emphasis>
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= 9), sixth instar
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<quantity id="4CFF69DFFF8BDA0360BCD8D9FBF1B5C7" box="[937,1094,1504,1528]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.8" pageId="17" pageNumber="465" unit="mm" value="0.74" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.68">0.68±0.80 mm</quantity>
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(
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<emphasis id="B9731828FF8BDA036381DB38FF16B627" box="[148,161,1537,1560]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="465">n</emphasis>
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=33), seventh instar
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<quantity id="4CFF69DFFF8BDA03628FDB39FD80B627" box="[410,567,1536,1560]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.95" metricValueMax="10.6" metricValueMin="9.3" pageId="17" pageNumber="465" unit="mm" value="0.995" valueMax="1.06" valueMin="0.93">0.93±1.06 mm</quantity>
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(
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<emphasis id="B9731828FF8BDA03615FDB38FDE0B627" box="[586,599,1537,1560]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="465">n</emphasis>
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=10). Labrum (®gure 40) with one pair of rather short, pointed setae on transverse carina. Mandible (®gure 41) with four teeth. Maxilla (®gure 42) mesally with two very strong teeth plus two small teeth on the inner edge, maxillary comb indistinct, with ®ve weak prominences. Seta on outer front edge rather long. Inside of maxilla with 6±11 round`holes’, spines on inner surface all pointed. Maxillary palp with a series of four to ®ve spines on membraneous area. Prementum (®gure 42) with anterior corners not prominent, 8±11 sensillae. Stemmata present in most individuals. Antenna diameter
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<quantity id="4CFF69DFFF89DA0160C4DDFCFB9FB0E2" box="[977,1064,197,221]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="467" unit="m" value="50.0" valueMax="55.0" valueMin="45.0">
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45±55
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<emphasis id="B9731828FF89DA01670FDDFCFB9FB0E2" bold="true" box="[1050,1064,197,221]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="467">m</emphasis>
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||
</quantity>
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||
m.
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</paragraph>
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||
<caption id="DF7894B2FF88DA006399DB1AFCDBB6B7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5299787" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5299787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5299787/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="466" startId="18.[140,156,1571,1592]" targetBox="[147,1087,138,1542]" targetPageId="18">
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||
<paragraph id="8BB8C43AFF88DA006399DB1AFCDBB6B7" blockId="18.[140,1095,1571,1672]" pageId="18" pageNumber="466">
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||
FIGS 40±46.
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||
<emphasis id="B9731828FF88DA006235DB1AFE1CB607" box="[288,427,1571,1593]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="466">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C07BFB9FF88DA006235DB1AFE13B607" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1830" box="[288,420,1571,1593]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varipes">Bibio varipes</taxonomicName>
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.
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||
</emphasis>
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||
(40) Labrum, dorsal view. (41) Mandible, internal view. (42) Maxilla and prementum, ventral view. (43) Cuticle of dorsal side of prothorax. (44) Cuticle of dorsal side of metathorax. (45) Cuticle of dorsal side of fourth abdominal segment. (46) Cuticle of dorsal side of ninth abdominal segment.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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||
<paragraph id="8BB8C43AFF89DA0163A6DDDFFD71B2C0" blockId="19.[140,1095,133,1025]" pageId="19" pageNumber="467">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9731828FF89DA0163A6DDDFFF43B0C1" box="[179,244,230,254]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="467">Body.</emphasis>
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Dorsal processes arranged in three pairs, rather stout, the median pair slightly shorter than the other processes. Post-spiracular processes three to four times as long as diameter of spiracle, placed approximatel y 2.5 times spiracle diameter posterior to the spiracle. Processes on ninth abdominal segment approximately as long as the segment. Cuticle: prothorax (®gure 43) scales in front of ®rst process row closely packed, irregularly oval,
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||
<quantity id="4CFF69DFFF89DA016156DCBFFD2DB1A1" box="[579,666,390,414]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="19" pageNumber="467" unit="m" value="21.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="13.0">
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13±30
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||
<emphasis id="B9731828FF89DA016199DCBFFD2DB1A1" bold="true" box="[652,666,390,414]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="467">m</emphasis>
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</quantity>
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||
m wide, most bearing 10±25 slender spines which are approximately as long as the scales. Prothorax behind ®rst process row with smaller scales, the spine-bearing ones each bear 2±10 spines. Outline of scales progressively more irregular and indistinct towards the rear end, with fewer and blunter spines. Metathorax (®gure 44) scales
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<emphasis id="B9731828FF89DA0161CFDF31FD44B220" box="[730,755,520,543]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="467">ca</emphasis>
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||
<quantity id="4CFF69DFFF89DA0161EADF3EFCE1B220" box="[767,854,519,543]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="19" pageNumber="467" unit="m" value="19.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="13.0">
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13± 25
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||
<emphasis id="B9731828FF89DA01605DDF3EFCE1B220" bold="true" box="[840,854,519,543]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="467">m</emphasis>
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||
</quantity>
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m wide with two to eight spines. Fourth abdominal segment (®gure 45) scales
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||
<quantity id="4CFF69DFFF89DA016037DF1EFCCFB200" box="[802,888,551,575]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="467" unit="m" value="22.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="15.0">
|
||
15±30
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||
<emphasis id="B9731828FF89DA01607FDF1EFCCFB200" bold="true" box="[874,888,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="467">m</emphasis>
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||
</quantity>
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||
m wide with three to six spines. Eighth abdominal segment scales mostly with two to four spines, ninth abdominal segment (®gure 46) scales on dorsal side
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||
<emphasis id="B9731828FF89DA0161C1DF51FD5AB240" box="[724,749,616,639]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="467">ca</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CFF69DFFF89DA0161E1DF5EFCFCB240" box="[756,843,615,639]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="467" unit="m" value="20.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="15.0">
|
||
15±25
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||
<emphasis id="B9731828FF89DA016028DF5EFCFCB240" bold="true" box="[829,843,615,639]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="467">m</emphasis>
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||
</quantity>
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||
m wide without spines but many with one or two blunt tubercles, outline very indistinct and irregular but apparently closely packed. On the ventral surface of the ninth abdominal segment some of the scales bear one to four blunt spines. Spiracles protruding approximatel y as far as spiracle diameter from the body surface.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB8C43AFF89DA0163A6DE31FCCEB31F" blockId="19.[140,1095,133,1025]" box="[179,889,776,800]" pageId="19" pageNumber="467">
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<emphasis id="B9731828FF89DA0163A6DE31FE88B31F" box="[179,319,776,800]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="467">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Western Europe, north to approximately 63ssN.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB8C43AFF89DA0163A6DE11FED6B3BF" blockId="19.[140,1095,133,1025]" pageId="19" pageNumber="467">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9731828FF89DA0163A6DE11FEA3B37F" box="[179,276,808,832]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="467">Ecology.</emphasis>
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Most common in deciduous forest, where the larvae feed on leaf litter, but also occurs in coniferous forest (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF96B9CBFF89DA01614EDE71FC9EB35F" author="SCHREMMER, F." box="[603,809,840,864]" pageId="19" pageNumber="467" pagination="153" refId="ref16423" refString="SCHREMMER, F., 1958, Bibiolarven als Verarbeiter von Nadelstreu, Anzeiger fuEr SchaEdlingskunde, 31, 151 ± 153." type="journal article" year="1958">Schremmer, 1958</bibRefCitation>
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). Full-grown larvae in February to April.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB8C43AFF89DA0163A6DEB0FCB4B43E" blockId="19.[140,1095,133,1025]" pageId="19" pageNumber="467">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9731828FF89DA0163A6DEB0FEABB39E" box="[179,284,905,929]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="467">Material.</emphasis>
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B6FCE67FF89DA016222DEB3FCFCB39E" box="[311,843,905,930]" collectorName="Sevheim" country="Norway" location="Finnuy" pageId="19" pageNumber="467" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31084AAFF89DA016222DEB3FE25B39D" box="[311,402,906,930]" name="Norway" pageId="19" pageNumber="467">Norway</collectingCountry>
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||
, RY:
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<location id="8ED892E1FF89DA0162F0DEB0FD8DB39E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE752CFF8BDA016273D875FCB4B43E:8ED892E1FF89DA0162F0DEB0FD8DB39E" box="[485,570,905,929]" country="Norway" name="Finnuy" pageId="19" pageNumber="467">Finnùy</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26F2A1ECFF89DA016158DEB0FD1CB39E" box="[589,683,905,929]" pageId="19" pageNumber="467">Sevheim</collectorName>
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||
, birch forest
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
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<date id="FFB9E2FAFF89DA016074DEB0FB9CB39E" box="[865,1067,905,929]" pageId="19" pageNumber="467" value="1993-10-25">25 October 1993</date>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D010FB3FF89DA01672FDEB3FF78B3FE" pageId="19" pageNumber="467" type="larva">7 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB9E2FAFF89DA0163F4DE90FE1CB3FE" box="[225,427,937,961]" pageId="19" pageNumber="467" value="1993-12-03">3 December 1993</date>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D010FB3FF89DA0162A1DE90FDA7B3FE" box="[436,528,937,961]" pageId="19" pageNumber="467" type="larva">4 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
,
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||
<date id="FFB9E2FAFF89DA016134DE90FD66B3FE" box="[545,721,937,961]" pageId="19" pageNumber="467" value="1994-03-25">25 March 1994</date>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D010FB3FF89DA0161CEDE90FC82B3FE" box="[731,821,937,961]" pageId="19" pageNumber="467" type="larva">6 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB9E2FAFF89DA01605DDE90FC6EB3FE" box="[840,985,937,961]" pageId="19" pageNumber="467" value="1994-04-03">3 April 1994</date>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D010FB3FF89DA0160F6DE90FB89B3FE" box="[995,1086,937,961]" pageId="19" pageNumber="467" type="larva">4 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB9E2FAFF89DA016399DEF0FE98B3DE" box="[140,303,969,993]" pageId="19" pageNumber="467" value="1994-04-26">26 April 1994</date>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D010FB3FF89DA01622EDEF0FE3BB3DE" box="[315,396,969,993]" pageId="19" pageNumber="467" type="larva">1 larva</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB9E2FAFF89DA0162B5DEF0FDD3B3DE" box="[416,612,969,993]" pageId="19" pageNumber="467" value="1994-10-23">23 October 1994</date>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D010FB3FF89DA01617ADEF0FD6DB3DE" box="[623,730,969,993]" pageId="19" pageNumber="467" type="larva">64 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB9E2FAFF89DA0161F8DEF0FC7FB3DE" box="[749,968,969,993]" pageId="19" pageNumber="467" value="1994-12-31">31 December 1994</date>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D010FB3FF89DA0160C1DEF0FB89B3DE" box="[980,1086,969,993]" pageId="19" pageNumber="467" type="larva">47 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B6FCE67FF89DA016399DED0FD4CB43E" box="[140,763,1001,1025]" collectingDate="1995-02-16" collectionCode="ZMUB" collectorName="J. Skartveit" country="Norway" pageId="19" pageNumber="467" specimenCount="96" specimenCount-larva="96">
|
||
<date id="FFB9E2FAFF89DA016399DED0FEE1B43E" box="[140,342,1001,1025]" pageId="19" pageNumber="467" value="1995-02-16">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFFD1B12FF89DA016399DED0FEE1B43E" box="[140,342,1001,1025]" pageId="19" pageNumber="467" value="1995-02-16">16 February 1995</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D010FB3FF89DA01624ADED0FE71B43E" box="[351,454,1001,1025]" pageId="19" pageNumber="467" type="larva">96 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26F2A1ECFF89DA0162C2DED3FDEDB43E" box="[471,602,1001,1025]" pageId="19" pageNumber="467">J. Skartveit</collectorName>
|
||
leg. (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED165CFFFF89DA016188DED0FD44B43E" box="[669,755,1001,1025]" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5b4j-820w" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Vertebrate collections" pageId="19" pageNumber="467">ZMUB</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |