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<document id="712508204174AA9B96A494EC7B9E165E" ID-CLB-Dataset="58532" ID-DOI="10.12651/JSR.2015.4.1.001" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a0c1a8e5-7c6d-4083-820d-02293daa5e23" ID-ISSN="2713-8615" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8135064" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1688644862808" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Blakemore, Robert J., Lee, Seunghan &amp; Seo, Hong-Yul" docDate="2015" docId="03ACEB12FFEEF561FCA40A46FF0CC899" docLanguage="en" docName="JSpeciesRes.4.1.1-22.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Species Research 4 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2015.4.1.001" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4D398BFF45FF8CA9E08F546BB06AE372.1:JSpeciesRes.2012-.journal_article" docStyleId="4D398BFF45FF8CA9E08F546BB06AE372" docStyleName="JSpeciesRes.2012-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Amynthas tokioensis subsp. oculo Blakemore" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FF95936AFFE8F569FF920F43FFE7CE06" masterDocTitle="Account of montane and insular speciation in some Korean megadriles (Annelida: Oligochaeta)" masterLastPageNumber="22" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1689078404979" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="3831E2DFEF414196E4007087E8725FE1">Account of montane and insular speciation in some Korean megadriles (Annelida: Oligochaeta)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3D8F9E8AEF336B372ED4A49BE35A5E9F">Blakemore, Robert J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D63FEAD1DDF2B058F7B9C5C0B6FFE46A">Lee, Seunghan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A1751B9FC4DFC03653461CE3E23FE038">Seo, Hong-Yul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D9574BE1226780A26EBEB1522683B08E">Journal of Species Research</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03ACEB12FFEEF561FCA40A46FF0CC899" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8135106" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8135106" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ACEB12FFEEF561FCA40A46FF0CC899" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ACEB12FFEEF561FCA40A46FF0CC899" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<subSubSection id="C31F098FFFEEF56FFCA40A46FA6ECB1B" box="[822,1417,1285,1309]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBA5A04FFEEF56FFCA40A46FA6ECB1B" blockId="6.[822,1417,1285,1309]" box="[822,1417,1285,1309]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<heading id="D0F2ED68FFEEF56FFCA40A46FA6ECB1B" bold="true" box="[822,1417,1285,1309]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B9718616FFEEF56FFCA40A46FA6ECB1B" bold="true" box="[822,1417,1285,1309]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
9.
<taxonomicName id="4C052187FFEEF56FFCC30A46FB1DCB1B" authority="Blakemore" authorityName="Blakemore" box="[849,1274,1285,1309]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="tokioensis" subSpecies="oculo">
<emphasis id="B9718616FFEEF56FFCC30A46FB9FCB1B" bold="true" box="[849,1144,1285,1309]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Amynthas tokioensis oculo</emphasis>
Blakemore
</taxonomicName>
sub-sp. nov.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31F098FFFEEF56FFCC30A66FC5ECB38" box="[849,953,1317,1342]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBA5A04FFEEF56FFCC30A66FC5ECB38" blockId="6.[849,953,1317,1342]" box="[849,953,1317,1342]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
(
<figureCitation id="133E4681FFEEF56FFCCB0A66FC4ACB38" box="[857,941,1317,1342]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[159,192,1556,1577]" captionTargetBox="[365,1166,278,1496]" captionTargetId="figure-196@7.[357,1189,267,1537]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. 4A. Amynthas cf. chiakensis Hong &amp; James, 2013. Boxed sketch of male pore region (spermathecae and anterior GMs lacking). 4B. Amynthas tokioensis oculo sub-sp. nov. Holotype with enlargement of spermathecal pore 7/8 rhs(male pores and posterior GMs lacking)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8135080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8135080/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31F098FFFEEF56FFCA40A25FBA9C899" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBA5A04FFEEF56FFCA40A25FBA9C899" blockId="6.[822,1428,1382,1985]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B9718616FFEEF56FFCA40A25FC44CB78" bold="true" box="[822,931,1382,1406]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Material.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED14C2C1FFEEF56FFC3F0A25FC2ECB78" box="[941,969,1382,1406]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">IV</collectionCode>
0000261311 (DNA sample HY8) mature from Jeombongsan Mt. (38̊01′16.39′′N 128̊25′6.36′′ E), boundaries of Inje and Yangyang in eastern
<collectingCountry id="F3121A94FFEEF56FFAC60AE5FC9ECBD8" name="South Korea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">South Korea</collectingCountry>
, collected by Dr H.-Y. Seo, 25
<superScript id="7C70F74CFFEEF56FFB520A87FB2ACBD2" attach="left" box="[1216,1229,1476,1492]" fontSize="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">th</superScript>
July, 2013. Found with four other specimens, two other
<taxonomicName id="4C052187FFEEF56FFB5C0AA5FAB9CBF8" box="[1230,1374,1510,1534]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9718616FFEEF56FFB5C0AA5FAD0CBF8" box="[1230,1335,1510,1534]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Amynthas</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
described below and a
<taxonomicName id="4C052187FFEEF56FFB870945FC89C839" authority="Blakemore, 2014" authorityName="Blakemore" authorityYear="2014" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Drawida" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="jeombongsan">
<emphasis id="B9718616FFEEF56FFB870945FAEAC818" box="[1045,1293,1542,1566]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Drawida jeombongsan</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9427F5FFEEF56FFA850945FC89C839" author="Blakemore, R. J. &amp; S. Lee &amp; H. - Y. Seo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="127 - 166" refId="ref10854" refString="Blakemore, R. J., S. Lee and H. - Y. Seo. 2014. Reports of Drawida (Oligochaeta: Moniligastridae) from far East Asia. Journal of Species Research 3 (2): 127 - 166 [Available from: http: // www. nibr. go. kr / download? attach _ path = journal &amp; attach = 2014 vol 3 no 2 _ 3. pdf]." type="journal article" year="2014">Blakemore, 2014</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, plus
<collectionCode id="ED14C2C1FFEEF56FFC200965FC2AC838" box="[946,973,1574,1598]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">IV</collectionCode>
0000261310 an
<taxonomicName id="4C052187FFEEF56FFB120964FAF9C839" baseAuthorityName="Michaelsen" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[1152,1310,1575,1599]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hilgendorfi">
<emphasis id="B9718616FFEEF56FFB120964FAF9C839" box="[1152,1310,1575,1599]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. hilgendorfi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen.
<collectionCode id="ED14C2C1FFEEF56FFCA40904FCB6C859" box="[822,849,1607,1631]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">IV</collectionCode>
0000261308 (P) is a superficially similar mature with same details collected 11
<superScript id="7C70F74CFFEEF56FFBDE0926FBBDC873" attach="left" box="[1100,1114,1637,1653]" fontSize="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">th</superScript>
July, 2013 along with
<taxonomicName id="4C052187FFEEF56FFACD092BFC68C898" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Drawida" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9718616FFEEF56FFACD092BFC8DC899" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Drawida</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(IV0000261309).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31F098FFFEEF56FFCA409E4FB1EC8D9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BBA5A04FFEEF56FFCA409E4FB1EC8D9" blockId="6.[822,1428,1382,1985]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B9718616FFEEF56FFCA409E4FC5FC8B9" bold="true" box="[822,952,1703,1727]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Etymology.</emphasis>
Latin
<emphasis id="B9718616FFEEF56FFC6D09E4FBDDC8B9" box="[1023,1082,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">oculo</emphasis>
(m noun) for “black eye” referring to the look of the spermathecal pores.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31F098FFFEEF56FFCA409A4FBF5C986" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BBA5A04FFEEF56FFCA409A4FBF5C986" blockId="6.[822,1428,1382,1985]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B9718616FFEEF56FFCA409A4FC2FC8F9" bold="true" box="[822,968,1767,1791]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution.</emphasis>
Widespread in
<collectingCountry id="F3121A94FFEEF56FFBE109ABFB57C8F9" box="[1139,1200,1768,1791]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Japan</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F3121A94FFEEF56FFB7409ABFACDC8F9" box="[1254,1322,1768,1791]" name="South Korea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Korea</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C052187FFEEF56FFAA409ABFC8AC919" baseAuthorityName="Beddard" baseAuthorityYear="1892" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tokioensis">
<emphasis id="B9718616FFEEF56FFAA409ABFC8AC919" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A. tokioensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an introduction to
<collectingCountry id="F3121A94FFEEF56FFBFB084BFB78C926" box="[1129,1183,1800,1824]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">USA</collectingCountry>
(also as synonym
<taxonomicName id="4C052187FFEEF56FFAE7084BFC8FC946" baseAuthorityName="Horst" baseAuthorityYear="1893" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="levis">
<emphasis id="B9718616FFEEF56FFAE7084BFC8FC946" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. levis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) but, in view of many misidentifications “
<taxonomicName id="4C052187FFEEF56FFADE086BFC30C966" baseAuthorityName="Beddard" baseAuthorityYear="1892" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tokioensis">
<emphasis id="B9718616FFEEF56FFADE086BFC30C966" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Amynthas tokioensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group from central
<collectingCountry id="F3121A94FFEEF56FFA9F080BFA89C966" box="[1293,1390,1864,1888]" name="Thailand" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Thailand</collectingCountry>
” is considered doubtful.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31F098FFFEEF56EFCA408CBFE29C978" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBA5A04FFEEF56EFCA408CBFE29C978" blockId="6.[822,1428,1382,1985]" lastBlockId="7.[159,764,1669,1983]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B9718616FFEEF56FFCA408CBFC59C9A6" bold="true" box="[822,958,1928,1952]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Description</emphasis>
(current specimens). Length 60 (P) to
<quantity id="4CFDF7E1FFEEF56FFAEA08CBFCB8C9C6" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="85.0">85 mm</quantity>
with 90 segments (H). Reddish-brown dorsum. Peri-
<quantity id="4CFDF7E1FFEFF56EFCEB0A98FC4CCBF6" box="[889,939,1499,1520]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
chaetine with 40-50 setae. Clitellum 14-16. Spermathecae eye-like in 6/7/
<quantity id="4CFDF7E1FFEFF56EFED709E6FE8AC8BB" box="[325,365,1701,1725]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="in" value="8.0">8 in</quantity>
lateral dark patches also enclosing a single GM papilla below each pore. Female pore single, central on clitellum. Male pores absent. Spermathecal ampullae deflated with clavate diverticulum on muscular duct. GM glands correspond internally to the spermathecal papillae. Seminal vesicles in 11 and 12. Last hearts in 13. Caeca manicate in 27.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF7A0A8CFFEFF56EFF0D0957FA9BC842" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8135080" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8135080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8135080/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[159,192,1556,1577]" targetBox="[365,1166,278,1496]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BBA5A04FFEFF56EFF0D0957FA9BC842" blockId="7.[159,1430,1556,1604]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9718616FFEFF56EFF0D0957FF3CC82F" bold="true" box="[159,219,1556,1577]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
4A.
<taxonomicName id="4C052187FFEFF56EFE9B0957FD4AC82F" authority="Hong &amp; James, 2013" authorityName="Hong &amp; James" authorityYear="2013" box="[265,685,1556,1577]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="chiakensis">
<emphasis id="B9718616FFEFF56EFE9B0957FE85C82E" box="[265,354,1556,1576]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Amynthas</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B9718616FFEFF56EFE170957FE04C82E" box="[389,483,1556,1576]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">chiakensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9427F5FFEFF56EFE780957FD4AC82F" author="Hong, Y. &amp; S. James" box="[490,685,1556,1577]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="75 - 81" refId="ref11283" refString="Hong, Y. and S. James. 2013. Three new earthworm species of the genus Amynthas (Clitellata: Megascolecidae) from Mt. Chiak National Park, Korea. Zootaxa 3646: 75 - 81." type="journal article" year="2013">Hong &amp; James, 2013</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Boxed sketch of male pore region (spermathecae and anterior GMs lacking). 4B.
<taxonomicName id="4C052187FFEFF56EFF0D096CFE77C845" box="[159,400,1583,1603]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="tokioensis" subSpecies="oculo">
<emphasis id="B9718616FFEFF56EFF0D096CFE77C845" box="[159,400,1583,1603]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Amynthas tokioensis oculo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sub-sp. nov. Holotype with enlargement of spermathecal pore 7/8 rhs (male pores and posterior GMs lacking).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C31F098FFFEFF561FF0D08C5FF0CC899" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBA5A04FFEFF561FF0D08C5FD53CF5F" blockId="7.[159,764,1669,1983]" lastBlockId="8.[157,762,257,1695]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9718616FFEFF56EFF0D08C5FEEAC998" bold="true" box="[159,269,1926,1950]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Remarks.</emphasis>
These clearly parthenogenetic specimens resemble part of the
<taxonomicName id="4C052187FFEFF56EFEF408E5FD1BC9B9" authority="(Beddard, 1892)" baseAuthorityName="Beddard" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[358,764,1958,1983]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tokioensis">
<emphasis id="B9718616FFEFF56EFEF408E5FDA3C9B8" box="[358,580,1958,1982]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Amynthas tokioensis</emphasis>
(Beddard, 1892)
</taxonomicName>
species-complex as described by
<bibRefCitation id="EF9427F5FFEFF56EFB0409C6FAA9C89B" author="Blakemore, R. J." box="[1174,1358,1669,1693]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="241 - 244" refId="ref9778" refString="Blakemore, R. J. 2003. Japanese earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta): a review and checklist of species. Organisms, Diversity and Evolution 3 (3): 241 - 244 [Available from: http: // www. urbanfischer. de / journals / ode /; www. sencken berg. de / odes / 03 - 11. htm]." type="journal article" year="2003">Blakemore (2003</bibRefCitation>
; 2010; 2012f). In the latest revision by
<bibRefCitation id="EF9427F5FFEFF56EFB1809E6FAAEC8B8" author="Blakemore, R. J. &amp; S. Lee &amp; H. - Y. Seo" box="[1162,1353,1701,1726]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="127 - 166" refId="ref10854" refString="Blakemore, R. J., S. Lee and H. - Y. Seo. 2014. Reports of Drawida (Oligochaeta: Moniligastridae) from far East Asia. Journal of Species Research 3 (2): 127 - 166 [Available from: http: // www. nibr. go. kr / download? attach _ path = journal &amp; attach = 2014 vol 3 no 2 _ 3. pdf]." type="journal article" year="2014">Blakemore (2014)</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicName id="4C052187FFEFF56EFAC209E5FB6AC8D8" authority="(Beddard, 1892)" baseAuthorityName="Beddard" baseAuthorityYear="1892" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tokioensis">
<emphasis id="B9718616FFEFF56EFAC209E5FC3FC8DB" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Amynthas tokioensis</emphasis>
(Beddard, 1892)
</taxonomicName>
has the following synonyms:?
<emphasis id="B9718616FFEFF56EFC0609A5FBF7C8F8" box="[916,1040,1766,1790]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">schizopora</emphasis>
,?
<emphasis id="B9718616FFEFF56EFBBD09A5FB4CC8F8" box="[1071,1195,1766,1790]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">irregularis</emphasis>
, levis,?
<emphasis id="B9718616FFEFF56EFA8309A5FA6AC8FB" box="[1297,1421,1766,1789]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">parvicystis</emphasis>
;?
<emphasis id="B9718616FFEFF56EFCD60845FC41C91B" box="[836,934,1798,1821]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">verticosa</emphasis>
all by
<bibRefCitation id="EF9427F5FFEFF56EFC6B0845FB3FC918" author="Goto, S. &amp; S. Hatai" box="[1017,1240,1798,1822]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="65 - 78" refId="ref11041" refString="Goto, S. and S. Hatai. 1898. New or imperfectly known species of earthworms. No. 1. Annotations Zoologicae Japonensis 2: 65 - 78 [Printed 30 th Sept. 1898]." type="journal article" year="1898">Goto &amp; Hatai, 1898</bibRefCitation>
/
<bibRefCitation id="EF9427F5FFEFF56EFB730845FAFFC918" author="Goto, S. &amp; S. Hatai" box="[1249,1304,1798,1822]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="13 - 24" refId="ref11081" refString="Goto, S. and S. Hatai. 1899. New or imperfectly known species of earthworms. No. 2. Annotations Zoologicae Japonensis 3 (1): 13 - 24." type="journal article" year="1899">1899</bibRefCitation>
;?
<taxonomicName id="4C052187FFEFF56EFAA30845FC8AC938" authorityName="Song &amp; Paik" authorityYear="1970" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gucheonensis">
<emphasis id="B9718616FFEFF56EFAA30845FC8AC938" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">gucheonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Song &amp; Paik, 1970;
<emphasis id="B9718616FFEFF56EFBC90864FB56C938" box="[1115,1201,1831,1854]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">jiriensis</emphasis>
Song &amp; Paik, 1971;
<emphasis id="B9718616FFEFF56EFCAA0804FC6DC958" box="[824,906,1863,1886]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">surcata</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B9718616FFEFF56EFC540804FBCCC958" box="[966,1067,1863,1886]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">verticosa</emphasis>
Ishizuka, 1999;?
<taxonomicName id="4C052187FFEFF56EFB6A0805FA92C959" authority="Hong" authorityName="Hong" box="[1272,1397,1862,1887]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="paiki">
<emphasis id="B9718616FFEFF56EFB6A0805FAC8C958" box="[1272,1327,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">paiki</emphasis>
Hong
</taxonomicName>
in Hong, Lee &amp; Kim, 2001;?
<emphasis id="B9718616FFEFF56EFBFB0825FB1DC978" box="[1129,1274,1894,1918]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">yongshilensis</emphasis>
,?
<emphasis id="B9718616FFEFF56EFA840824FA83C978" box="[1302,1380,1895,1918]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">eastoni</emphasis>
and?
<emphasis id="B9718616FFEFF56EFCD608C5FC2CC998" box="[836,971,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">boletiformis</emphasis>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EF9427F5FFEFF56EFC6E08C4FB13C998" author="Hong, Y. &amp; S. W. James" box="[1020,1268,1926,1951]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="65 - 93" refId="ref11241" refString="Hong, Y. and S. W. James. 2001. New species of Korean Amynthas Kinberg, 1867 (Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae) with two pairs of spermathecae. Revue suisse de Zoologie 108: 65 - 93." type="journal article" year="2001">Hong &amp; James, 2001</bibRefCitation>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C052187FFEFF56EFA9008C4FBC4C9B9" authority="Hong &amp; James, 2009" authorityName="Hong &amp; James" authorityYear="2009" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sonjaesiki">
<emphasis id="B9718616FFEFF56EFA9008C4FA72C998" box="[1282,1429,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. sonjaesiki</emphasis>
Hong &amp; James, 2009
</taxonomicName>
(these last nine synonyms as per
<bibRefCitation id="EF9427F5FFE0F561FF0F0E42FEB2CF1F" author="Blakemore, R. J." box="[157,341,257,281]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="241 - 244" refId="ref9778" refString="Blakemore, R. J. 2003. Japanese earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta): a review and checklist of species. Organisms, Diversity and Evolution 3 (3): 241 - 244 [Available from: http: // www. urbanfischer. de / journals / ode /; www. sencken berg. de / odes / 03 - 11. htm]." type="journal article" year="2003">Blakemore, 2003</bibRefCitation>
b: 43; 2006; 2008; 2010; 2012f;
<quantity id="4CFDF7E1FFE0F561FD3A0E42FD09CF1F" box="[680,750,257,281]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.0119999999999996" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="g" value="2012.0">2012g</quantity>
); plus
<taxonomicName id="4C052187FFE0F561FF440E62FF35CF5F" authority="Hong &amp; James, 2009: 1241" authorityName="Hong &amp; James, 2009:" authorityPageNumber="1241" authorityYear="1241" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="conferticurtus">
<emphasis id="B9718616FFE0F561FF440E62FE17CF3F" box="[214,496,289,313]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Amynthas conferticurtus</emphasis>
Hong &amp; James, 2009: 1241
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9718616FFE0F561FF4B0E01FE53CF5F" box="[217,436,321,345]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">species inquirendum</emphasis>
and possible syn. nov.?
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBA5A04FFE0F561FF210E22FE0DCDFA" blockId="8.[157,762,257,1695]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C052187FFE0F561FF210E22FE24CF7C" authorityName="Hong &amp; James, 2009:" authorityYear="1241" box="[179,451,353,378]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="conferticurtus">
<emphasis id="B9718616FFE0F561FF210E22FE24CF7C" box="[179,451,353,378]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Amynthas conferticurtus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="54BEE4A6FFE0F561FE5C0E21FDEFCF7C" box="[462,520,354,378]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">types</typeStatus>
(IV0000120468 H &amp; 479 P) are not traceable in NIBR (pers. obs.) but it appears to be misdescribed in several key characters: e.g., the spermathecal pores are said to be on 7 and 8 (thus allegedly qualifying for an
<taxonomicName id="4C052187FFE0F561FE5C0EA1FDB6CFFC" baseAuthorityName="Gates" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[462,593,482,506]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pomellus">
<emphasis id="B9718616FFE0F561FE5C0EA1FDB6CFFC" box="[462,593,482,506]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. pomellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group) however, they are shown in their fig. 7 to be in 6/7/8! Moreover the supposed genital markings on 7 and 8 are not shown in their fig. 7 (?). Its description appears indistinguishable from their subsequent
<taxonomicName id="4C052187FFE0F561FDBE0D20FEDBCC9D" authority="Hong &amp; James, 2009" authorityName="Hong &amp; James" authorityYear="2009" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sonjaesiki">
<emphasis id="B9718616FFE0F561FDBE0D20FD50CC7D" box="[556,695,611,635]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. sonjaesiki</emphasis>
Hong &amp; James, 2009
</taxonomicName>
that was placed in synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="4C052187FFE0F561FD0C0DC0FF35CCBD" baseAuthorityName="Beddard" baseAuthorityYear="1892" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tokioensis">
<emphasis id="B9718616FFE0F561FD0C0DC0FF35CCBD" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. tokioensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Blakemore (2010). Seemingly the
<taxonomicName id="4C052187FFE0F561FDE00DE0FF33CCDD" authorityName="Hong &amp; James, 2009:" authorityYear="1241" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="conferticurtus">
<emphasis id="B9718616FFE0F561FDE00DE0FF33CCDD" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. conferticurtus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
name also belongs there. According to the description, it also appears to be similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C052187FFE0F561FDB20DA0FD1ECCFD" authority="Hong, 2001" authorityName="Hong" authorityYear="2001" box="[544,761,739,764]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="paiki">
<emphasis id="B9718616FFE0F561FDB20DA0FD94CCFD" box="[544,627,739,763]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. paiki</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9427F5FFE0F561FDE90DA7FD1ECCFD" author="Hong, Y. &amp; S. W. James" box="[635,761,739,764]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="65 - 93" refId="ref11241" refString="Hong, Y. and S. W. James. 2001. New species of Korean Amynthas Kinberg, 1867 (Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae) with two pairs of spermathecae. Revue suisse de Zoologie 108: 65 - 93." type="journal article" year="2001">Hong, 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
or to
<taxonomicName id="4C052187FFE0F561FF480C47FD8FCD1D" authority="Hong &amp; James, 2001" authorityName="Hong &amp; James" authorityYear="2001" box="[218,616,771,796]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fasciiformis">
<emphasis id="B9718616FFE0F561FF480C47FE9FCD1D" box="[218,376,771,795]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. fasciiformis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9427F5FFE0F561FE120C47FD8FCD1D" author="Hong, Y. &amp; S. W. James" box="[384,616,771,796]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="65 - 93" refId="ref11241" refString="Hong, Y. and S. W. James. 2001. New species of Korean Amynthas Kinberg, 1867 (Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae) with two pairs of spermathecae. Revue suisse de Zoologie 108: 65 - 93." type="journal article" year="2001">Hong &amp; James, 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and both are probably in an
<taxonomicName id="4C052187FFE0F561FEDB0C67FE31CD3D" baseAuthorityName="Beddard" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[329,470,803,827]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tokioensis">
<emphasis id="B9718616FFE0F561FEDB0C67FE31CD3D" box="[329,470,803,827]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. tokioensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group, if not also synonyms. The
<typeStatus id="54BEE4A6FFE0F561FEDE0C07FE63CD5A" box="[332,388,836,860]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">types</typeStatus>
of the other synonym,
<taxonomicName id="4C052187FFE0F561FD190C07FE17CD7A" authority="Hong &amp; James, 2009: 1243" authorityName="Hong &amp; James" authorityPageNumber="1243" authorityYear="2009" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sonjaesiki">
<emphasis id="B9718616FFE0F561FD190C07FF25CD7A" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. sonjaesiki</emphasis>
Hong &amp; James, 2009: 1243
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="54BEE4A6FFE0F561FE6E0C27FDD1CD7A" box="[508,566,868,892]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">types</typeStatus>
IV0000120469 H &amp; 480 P) are also not traceable in NIBR (pers. obs.) but its markings resemble those claimed for
<taxonomicName id="4C052187FFE0F561FDC80CE7FF5BCDDA" authorityName="Hong &amp; James, 2009:" authorityYear="1241" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="conferticurtus">
<emphasis id="B9718616FFE0F561FDC80CE7FF5BCDDA" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. conferticurtus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These authors need to fix these issues before they erect any further “new” names.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7A0A8CFFE0F561FCA40C4FFB2ACD24" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8135082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8135082" box="[822,1229,780,802]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8135082/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[822,855,780,801]" targetBox="[834,1401,251,756]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BBA5A04FFE0F561FCA40C4FFB2ACD24" blockId="8.[822,1229,780,802]" box="[822,1229,780,802]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B9718616FFE0F561FCA40C4FFC95CD27" bold="true" box="[822,882,780,801]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C052187FFE0F561FCE50C4EFBC7CD27" authority="Blakemore &amp; Lee &amp; Seo, 2015" authorityName="Blakemore &amp; Lee &amp; Seo" authorityYear="2015" box="[887,1056,781,801]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="muuido" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9718616FFE0F561FCE50C4EFBC7CD27" box="[887,1056,781,801]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Metaphire muuido</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2423B6DFFE0F561FBB70C4EFB89CD24" box="[1061,1134,781,802]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Holotype.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBA5A04FFE0F561FF210B47FDB4CB3B" blockId="8.[157,762,257,1695]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Regarding the current specimens, it is surprising that the nearest BLAST similarity is only 88% for
<taxonomicName id="4C052187FFE0F561FD180B67FEECCA5B" baseAuthorityName="Goto &amp; Hatai" baseAuthorityYear="1899" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vesiculata">
<emphasis id="B9718616FFE0F561FD180B67FEECCA5B" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Metaphire vesiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(AB542689 from
<collectingRegion id="49C194E6FFE0F561FE480B06FDC4CA5B" box="[474,547,1093,1117]" country="Japan" name="Tokyo" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tokyo</collectingRegion>
, Okutama) or 88% for the
<taxonomicName id="4C052187FFE0F561FF7F0B26FE93CA7B" baseAuthorityName="Kobayashi" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[237,372,1125,1149]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="soulensis">
<emphasis id="B9718616FFE0F561FF7F0B26FE93CA7B" box="[237,372,1125,1149]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. soulensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
matches noted above.
<figureCitation id="133E4681FFE0F561FDFD0B26FD49CA7B" box="[623,686,1125,1149]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[159,192,1051,1072]" captionTargetBox="[326,1275,262,1016]" captionTargetId="figure-330@1.[318,1308,235,1045]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. MEGA6 Neighbour-Joining phylogram of DNA barcode results for evolutionary analyses using program defaults [see Tamura K., Stecher G., Peterson D., Filipski A., and Kumar S. (2013). MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30: 2725-2729]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8135068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8135068/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
shows separation from taxa under consideration here. It may seem precipitous to put a new name to these specimens despite the lack of a genetic match, however it will hopefully provide an unambiguous starting point for conscientious resolution of all the earliest taxa noted above progressively by any concerned workers.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBA5A04FFE0F561FF210A05FF0CC899" blockId="8.[157,762,257,1695]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Repeated searches by the senior author of the
<collectingRegion id="49C194E6FFE0F561FD260A05FD1DCB58" box="[692,762,1350,1374]" country="Japan" name="Tokyo" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tokyo</collectingRegion>
environs for new topotypic material of
<taxonomicName id="4C052187FFE0F561FDD80A25FF35CB98" baseAuthorityName="Beddard" baseAuthorityYear="1892" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tokioensis">
<emphasis id="B9718616FFE0F561FDD80A25FF35CB98" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Amynthas tokioensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have thus far been unsuccessful, although a record from nearby Hachioji is claimed in Genbank (accession AB542558 by Minamiya
<emphasis id="B9718616FFE0F561FE280A84FE0BCBD8" box="[442,492,1478,1502]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al</emphasis>
., 2010, unpublished). If their identification is correct, this may provide the closest match to a topotype’s DNA. However, the current specimen HY8 vs. AB542558 of Hachioji=523/614 (85%) which is far removed and questions the close identity of either or both with “
<taxonomicName id="4C052187FFE0F561FE150924FD8EC879" baseAuthorityName="Beddard" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[391,617,1639,1663]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tokioensis">
<emphasis id="B9718616FFE0F561FE150924FD8EC879" box="[391,617,1639,1663]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Amynthas tokioensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” proper (see
<figureCitation id="133E4681FFE0F561FF0F09C4FF3CC899" box="[157,219,1671,1695]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[159,192,1051,1072]" captionTargetBox="[326,1275,262,1016]" captionTargetId="figure-330@1.[318,1308,235,1045]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. MEGA6 Neighbour-Joining phylogram of DNA barcode results for evolutionary analyses using program defaults [see Tamura K., Stecher G., Peterson D., Filipski A., and Kumar S. (2013). MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30: 2725-2729]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8135068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8135068/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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