144 lines
16 KiB
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144 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3788313" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1900f828-2e5e-41fa-9917-752c41a5315e" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163749766" ID-ISSN="1313–2970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3788313" approvalRequired="95" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="95" checkinTime="1587977121657" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Tauber, Catherine" docDate="2010" docId="03AC87E3FF90585264F3E3CDC41BFBD1" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_2195.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 44 (44)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@79747166" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Chrysopodes Navas 1913" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="FF95FF9BFF985858647FE74DC004FFE0" masterDocTitle="Revision of Neosuarius, a subgenus of Chrysopodes (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)" masterLastPageNumber="104" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1643563224695" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of Neosuarius, a subgenus of Chrysopodes (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Tauber, Catherine</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Cornell University, Davis ,, United States of America</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2010-04-30</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>44</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>44</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>104</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.44.387</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">1900f828-2e5e-41fa-9917-752c41a5315e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1313–2970</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576660</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3788313" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163749766" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3788313" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AC87E3FF90585264F3E3CDC41BFBD1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AC87E3FF90585264F3E3CDC41BFBD1" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[140,441,1151,1179]" box="[140,441,1151,1179]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<heading box="[140,441,1151,1179]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName authority="Navas, 1913" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1913" box="[140,441,1151,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,441,1151,1179]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,288,1152,1179]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Chrysopodes</emphasis>
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Navás, 1913
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="8.[140,1108,1223,1672]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<bibRefCitation author="Navas L" box="[140,283,1223,1249]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="292 - 330" refId="ref58350" refString="Navas L (1912 - 1913) Les Chrysopides (Ins. Nevr.) du Musee de Londres [Ia]. Annales de la Societe Scientifique de Bruxelles 37 (pt. 2): 292 - 330." type="journal article" year="1912">
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Navás (
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<date box="[223,283,1223,1249]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1912" valueMax="1913">1912</date>
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</bibRefCitation>
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–1913) described the genus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1913" box="[599,730,1223,1249]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[599,730,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Chrysopodes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on the basis of external adult features. Although the taxonomic value of chrysopid genitalic characters was recognized early in the 1950s (e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation author="Principi MM" box="[424,584,1293,1319]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="316 - 362" refId="ref59568" refString="Principi MM (1948 - 1949) [1949] Contributi allo studio dei Neurotteri Italiani. VIII. Morfologia, anatomia e funzionamento degli apparati genitali nel gen. Chrysopa Leach (Chrysopa septempunctata Wesm. e C. formosa Brauer). Bollettino dell'Istituto di Entomologia della [R.] Universita di Bologna 17: 316 - 362." type="journal article" year="1949">Principi 1949</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Principi MM" box="[599,660,1293,1320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="359 - 376" refId="ref59630" refString="Principi MM (1954) Contributi allo studio dei Neurotteri Italiani. XI. Chrysopa viridana Schn. Bollettino dell'Istituto di Entomologia della [R.] Universita di Bologna 20: 359 - 376." type="journal article" year="1954">1954</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Tjeder B" box="[673,820,1293,1320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="23 - 40" refId="ref60129" refString="Tjeder B (1954) Genital structures and terminology in the order Neuroptera. Entomologiske Meddelelser 27: 23 - 40." type="journal article" year="1954">Tjeder 1954</bibRefCitation>
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); the structures were not included in the treatment of any neotropical taxa until the mid-1970s (
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<bibRefCitation author="Adams PA" box="[945,1095,1328,1355]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="167 - 173" refId="ref57078" refString="Adams PA (1975) Status of the genera Ungla and Mallada Navas (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Psyche 82: 167 - 173." type="journal article" year="1975">Adams 1975</bibRefCitation>
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). As a result the genus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1913" box="[386,517,1363,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[386,517,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Chrysopodes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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remained poorly characterized until the mid 1980s when Adams (1985) and
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<bibRefCitation author="Adams PA & Penny ND" box="[431,722,1398,1425]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="413 - 479" refId="ref57145" refString="Adams PA, Penny ND (1985) [1987] Neuroptera of the Amazon Basin, Part 11 a. Introduction and Chrysopini. Acta Amazonica 15: 413 - 479." type="journal article" year="1985">Adams and Penny (1985)</bibRefCitation>
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included these characters in their treatment of the Amazonian species. Currently, the genital characteristics (especially those of females) remain undescribed for many
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1913" box="[677,808,1469,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[677,808,1469,1495]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Chrysopodes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[140,1108,1223,1672]" lastBlockId="9.[140,1108,1152,1671]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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In their work,
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<bibRefCitation author="Adams PA & Penny ND" box="[368,671,1504,1531]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="413 - 479" refId="ref57145" refString="Adams PA, Penny ND (1985) [1987] Neuroptera of the Amazon Basin, Part 11 a. Introduction and Chrysopini. Acta Amazonica 15: 413 - 479." type="journal article" year="1985">Adams and Penny (1985</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Adams PA & Penny ND" box="[687,748,1504,1531]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="21 - 23" refId="ref57178" refString="Adams PA, Penny ND (1986) Faunal relations of Amazonian Chrysopidae. In: Gepp J, Aspock H, Holzel H (Eds) Recent Research in Neuropterology. Proceedings of the 2 nd International Symposium on Neuropterology (21 - 23 August 1984, Hamburg, Germany; held in association with the XVII International Congress of Entomology). Privately printed, Graz, Austria. 119 - 124." type="book chapter" year="1986">1986</bibRefCitation>
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) also recognized the diversity of species contained within
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<emphasis box="[476,618,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1913" box="[476,614,1539,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chrysopodes</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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and they subdivided the genus into two subgenera:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1913" box="[272,406,1575,1601]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[272,406,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Chrysopodes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with sickle-shaped mandibles and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Adams and Penny" authorityYear="1987" box="[818,940,1575,1600]" class="Insecta" family="Neuroptera (awaiting allocation)" genus="Neosuarius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[818,940,1575,1600]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Neosuarius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with broadlybased mandibles.
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<bibRefCitation author="Brooks SJ & Barnard PC" box="[349,677,1610,1636]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="117 - 286" refId="ref57672" refString="Brooks SJ, Barnard PC (1990) The green lacewings of the world: a generic review (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, Entomology 59: 117 - 286." type="journal article" year="1990">Brooks and Barnard (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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, in their worldwide review of chrysopid genera, accepted the subgeneric classification; they provided re-descriptions of the genus and the two subgenera; and they assigned numerous species to one or the other subgenus.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768100" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3768100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768100/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[140,212,873,895]" targetBox="[315,948,165,830]" targetPageId="9">
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<paragraph blockId="9.[140,1108,873,1087]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,238,873,895]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figure 8.</emphasis>
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Measurements of female abdomen (exterior, lateral) on cleared specimen mounted in glycerine on slide with coverslip.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[356,395,905,927]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">c.c.</emphasis>
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callus cerci: maximum length (blue), maximum height (red)
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[958,990,905,927]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">g.l.</emphasis>
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gonapophysis lateralis: length at midpoint (blue); maximum height (red,)
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[729,757,937,959]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S7</emphasis>
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seventh sternite: length along ventral margin (blue); maximum height along basal margin and perpendicular to baseline (red)
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[971,1042,969,991]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">T8+ex</emphasis>
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eighth tergite plus lightly sclerotized extension: length along dorsal surface (blue), height of tergite at midsegment (red); height of extended section at midsegment (green);
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[724,878,1033,1055]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">T9+ectoproct</emphasis>
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: maximum height along anterior margin (red).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[140,1108,1152,1671]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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Unfortunately, the mandibular character-states used to differentiate the subgenera were not clearly defined or consistently applied. As a result, the species assigned to them did not form readily apparent natural groupings. Moreover, the subsequent inclusion of new species (
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<bibRefCitation author="Penny ND" box="[315,455,1328,1354]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref59431" refString="Penny ND (2001) New species of Chrysopinae (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from Costa Rica, with selected taxonomic notes and a neotype designation. Entomological News, Philadelphia 112: 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="2001">Penny 2001</bibRefCitation>
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) and species transferred from other genera (
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<bibRefCitation author="Tauber CA" box="[951,1099,1328,1354]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="472 - 490" refId="ref59722" refString="Tauber CA (2003) Generic characteristics of Chrysopodes (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), with new larval descriptions and a review of species from the United States and Canada. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 96: 472 - 490." type="journal article" year="2003">Tauber 2003</bibRefCitation>
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) increased the degree of diversity included within the genus and further confounded the limits of the two subgenera. Consequently, it has become increasingly difficult to characterize the genus and assign species to its subgenera. Some of the problems were discussed by
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<bibRefCitation author="Tauber CA" box="[285,453,1469,1495]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="472 - 490" refId="ref59722" refString="Tauber CA (2003) Generic characteristics of Chrysopodes (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), with new larval descriptions and a review of species from the United States and Canada. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 96: 472 - 490." type="journal article" year="2003">Tauber (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[140,1108,1152,1671]" lastBlockId="10.[140,1108,976,1074]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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With the goal of addressing the above issues, I examined the generic placement of each species included in the subgenus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Adams and Penny" authorityYear="1987" box="[581,700,1540,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Neuroptera (awaiting allocation)" genus="Neosuarius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[581,700,1540,1565]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Neosuarius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and narrowed the definition of the subgenus to those species with mandibles that are broad throughout their full length (from base to tip, not merely at the base, as apparently was the case previously). This restriction resulted in the identification of several additional features that helped delin- eate a cohesive subgenus containing two well-differentiated species-groups. This subgenus,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Adams and Penny" authorityYear="1987" box="[195,314,1012,1037]" class="Insecta" family="Neuroptera (awaiting allocation)" genus="Neosuarius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[195,314,1012,1037]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Neosuarius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, is revised herein. The remainder of the species (those with mandibles that are sickle-shaped distally) appear to fall within two or three other subgenera.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |