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<document id="6F6C859557CE4278187357C1F3DA5F81" ID-CLB-Dataset="29003" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4498.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e3157d39-d48d-4df2-94a8-b097803e4342" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1459138" ID-ZooBank="334E786F-2793-4F10-909C-4ABBDA4075ED" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1539326425413" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Takaoka, Hiroyuki, Ya’Cob, Zubaidah &amp; Sofian-Azirun, Mohd" docDate="2018" docId="03951057FFC4CA66FF3D109DFCCAFDCA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4498.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4498 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Simulium (Gomphostilbia) decuplum Takaoka &amp; Davies 1995" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="FFAC682FFFC9CA69FFAA100AFF94FFD2" masterDocTitle="Classification, annotated list and keys for the black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Peninsular Malaysia" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1698579078717" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="4C46B6B7B3CCA94863A536E67C6AB2CD">Classification, annotated list and keys for the black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Peninsular Malaysia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B891CCB8C24F40DA27A38F58988F5C5F">Takaoka, Hiroyuki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0B4080395A26D2BAEC2861FB9FF725F4">Ya’Cob, Zubaidah</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C98A18C0D29FE6A83247F5A8BE4DB252">Sofian-Azirun, Mohd</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="8F296EAA9F57C1B3F7E40FBDD697328E">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8703DAAA200405AE6D59D4FF487E7B0E">2018-10-12</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="7B4F74A29BB49F5577CA5E0EAB625973">4498</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03951057FFC4CA66FF3D109DFCCAFDCA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5980452" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148695304" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5980452" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03951057FFC4CA66FF3D109DFCCAFDCA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03951057FFC4CA66FF3D109DFCCAFDCA" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<subSubSection id="C326F2CAFFC4CA64FF3D109DFC03FF62" box="[151,919,151,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B83A141FFC4CA64FF3D109DFC03FF62" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[151,919,151,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="D0CB162DFFC4CA64FF3D109DFC03FF62" bold="true" box="[151,919,151,176]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC4CA64FF3D109DFC03FF62" bold="true" box="[151,919,151,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
13.
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDAC2FFC4CA64FF6B109DFC03FF62" ID-CoL="8DXFV" authority="Takaoka &amp; Davies, 1995" authorityName="Takaoka &amp; Davies" authorityYear="1995" box="[193,919,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decuplum" subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC4CA64FF6B109DFEA7FF62" bold="true" box="[193,307,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Simulium</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC4CA64FEE9109DFE79FF62" bold="true" box="[323,493,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Gomphostilbia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC4CA64FE56109DFDFAFF62" bold="true" box="[508,622,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">decuplum</emphasis>
Takaoka &amp; Davies, 1995
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C326F2CAFFC4CA64FF3D10B6FC81FEB7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B83A141FFC4CA64FF3D10B6FB59FF07" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[151,1229,188,213]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDAC2FFC4CA64FF3D10B6FCE8FF07" ID-CoL="8DXFV" authority="Takaoka &amp; Davies, 1995: 46" authorityName="Takaoka &amp; Davies" authorityPageNumber="46" authorityYear="1995" box="[151,892,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decuplum" subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC4CA64FF3D10B6FE95FF06" box="[151,257,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Simulium</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC4CA64FEBB10B6FE23FF06" box="[273,439,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Gomphostilbia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC4CA64FE6210B6FDA1FF06" box="[456,565,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">decuplum</emphasis>
Takaoka &amp; Davies, 1995: 46
</taxonomicName>
–50 (Female, pupa and larva).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83A141FFC4CA64FF6D10D5FC81FEB7" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">This species was described from females, pupae and larvae (Takaoka and Davies, 1995). It is characterized in the female by the elongate sensory vesicle, in the male by abdominal segments 2, 6 and 7 each with a pair of shiny dorsolateral patches, in the pupa by the gill with 10 short slender filaments, and in the larva by the deep postgenal cleft approaching the posterior margin of the hypostoma.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C326F2CAFFC4CA66FF6D117AFC2DFE7F" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B83A141FFC4CA64FF6D117AFA94FE7F" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
It is widely distributed throughout the mainland of Peninsular Malaysia. The aquatic stages were found in small streams at low to high elevations (
<quantity id="4CC40CA4FFC4CA64FDF3119EFD64FE7E" box="[601,752,404,429]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.545" metricValueMax="17.5" metricValueMin="1.59" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="954.5" valueMax="1750.0" valueMin="159.0">159–1,750 m</quantity>
) in Cameron Highlands (Ya’cob
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC4CA64FBC9119FFB07FE7E" box="[1123,1171,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al</emphasis>
., 2016b).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83A141FFC4CA64FF6D11BDFCA9FD7A" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
This species was recorded from Thailand (
<bibRefCitation id="EFADDCB0FFC4CA64FD1A11BDFC5BFE02" box="[688,975,439,464]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref67476" refString="Takaoka, H. &amp; Saito, K. (1996) A new species and new records of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Thailand. Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 24, 163 - 169. https: // doi. org / 10.2149 / tmh 1973.24.163" type="journal article">Takaoka and Saito, 1996</bibRefCitation>
) and Assam, India (
<bibRefCitation id="EFADDCB0FFC4CA64FB1311BDFA05FE02" box="[1209,1425,439,464]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref64624" refString="Borah, S., Rahman, I., Goswami, S., Manab Deka, M. &amp; Takaoka, H. (2012) Notes on black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from North-East India: New records of five species from Arunachal Pradesh and taxonomic reviews of two species from Assam. Tropical Biomedicine, 29, 92 - 97." type="journal article">
Borah
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC4CA64FAA311B3FAAFFE02" box="[1289,1339,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al</emphasis>
., 2012
</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFADDCB0FFC4CA64FF3D11D6FE04FE26" box="[151,400,476,501]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref69093" refString="Takaoka, H., Srisuka, W., Low, V. L. &amp; Saeung, A. (2018 c) Five new species of the Simulium decuplum subgroup of the Simulium (Gomphostilbia) batoense species-group (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Thailand. Acta Tropica, 182, 271 - 284. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. actatropica. 2018.03.019" type="journal article">
Takaoka
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC4CA64FF5611D7FEB8FE26" box="[252,300,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al</emphasis>
. (2018c)
</bibRefCitation>
noted that
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDAC2FFC4CA64FDA611D6FD51FE26" authorityName="Takaoka &amp; Davies" authorityYear="1995" box="[524,709,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decuplum" subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC4CA64FDA611D6FD8EFE21" box="[524,538,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC4CA64FD9A11D6FDD5FE21" box="[560,577,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">G</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC4CA64FDF211D6FD51FE26" box="[600,709,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">decuplum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Thailand is morphologically and molecularly divided into five new species and that the previous record of
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDAC2FFC4CA64FD39120AFCC5FDCA" authorityName="Takaoka &amp; Davies" authorityYear="1995" box="[659,849,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decuplum" subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC4CA64FD39120AFD35FDC5" box="[659,673,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC4CA64FD10120AFD5FFDC5" box="[698,715,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">G</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC4CA64FD4E120AFCC5FDCA" box="[740,849,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">decuplum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Thailand by
<bibRefCitation id="EFADDCB0FFC4CA64FB8111F5FAC6FDCA" box="[1067,1362,511,536]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref67476" refString="Takaoka, H. &amp; Saito, K. (1996) A new species and new records of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Thailand. Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 24, 163 - 169. https: // doi. org / 10.2149 / tmh 1973.24.163" type="journal article">Takaoka and Saito (1996)</bibRefCitation>
might have been based on
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDAC2FFC4CA64FE20122EFC3FFDEE" authority="Takaoka, Srisuka &amp; Low" authorityName="Takaoka, Srisuka &amp; Low" box="[394,939,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huaikaeoense" subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC4CA64FE20122EFE0CFDE9" box="[394,408,548,571]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC4CA64FE1E122EFE51FDE9" box="[436,453,548,571]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">G</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC4CA64FE4B122EFDEDFDEE" box="[481,633,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">huaikaeoense</emphasis>
Takaoka, Srisuka &amp; Low
</taxonomicName>
, one of five new species, and true
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDAC2FFC4CA64FAFB122EFE90FDB2" authorityName="Takaoka &amp; Davies" authorityYear="1995" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decuplum" subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC4CA64FAFB122EFACBFDE9" box="[1361,1375,548,571]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC4CA64FAD1122EFA18FDE9" box="[1403,1420,548,571]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">G</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC4CA64FF3D1242FE90FDB2" box="[151,260,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">decuplum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has not been collected from Thailand. Similarly, the record of this species from Assam, India (
<bibRefCitation id="EFADDCB0FFC4CA64FA90124DFF69FD56" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref64624" refString="Borah, S., Rahman, I., Goswami, S., Manab Deka, M. &amp; Takaoka, H. (2012) Notes on black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from North-East India: New records of five species from Arunachal Pradesh and taxonomic reviews of two species from Assam. Tropical Biomedicine, 29, 92 - 97." type="journal article">
Borah
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC4CA64FA221243FF39FD56" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al</emphasis>
., 2012
</bibRefCitation>
) should be reconfirmed. There is a possibility that the species identified as
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDAC2FFC4CA64FBFE1266FA84FD56" authorityName="Takaoka &amp; Davies" authorityYear="1995" box="[1108,1296,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decuplum" subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC4CA64FBFE1266FBF6FD51" box="[1108,1122,620,643]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC4CA64FBD01266FB1FFD51" box="[1146,1163,620,643]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">G</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC4CA64FB091266FA84FD56" box="[1187,1296,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">decuplum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Assam is one of five new species described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFADDCB0FFC4CA64FD901285FCADFD7A" box="[570,825,655,680]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref69093" refString="Takaoka, H., Srisuka, W., Low, V. L. &amp; Saeung, A. (2018 c) Five new species of the Simulium decuplum subgroup of the Simulium (Gomphostilbia) batoense species-group (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Thailand. Acta Tropica, 182, 271 - 284. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. actatropica. 2018.03.019" type="journal article">
Takaoka
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC4CA64FD35129BFD44FD7A" box="[671,720,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al</emphasis>
. (2018c)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83A141FFC4CA64FF6D12BEFCCAFD1F" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,862,692,717]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">The male of this species is here described for the first time.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83A141FFC4CA64FF6D12DDFA09F932" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC4CA64FF6D12DDFE90FD22" bold="true" box="[199,260,727,752]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Male</emphasis>
. Body length
<quantity id="4CC40CA4FFC4CA64FE0712D2FDAEFD3D" box="[429,570,728,752]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="2.05" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.9">1.9–2.2 mm</quantity>
.
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC4CA64FDE212DDFD12FD22" bold="true" box="[584,646,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Head</emphasis>
. Slightly wider than thorax. Upper eye consisting of 13–15 vertical columns and 14–16 horizontal rows of large facets. Face brownish black. Clypeus brownish black, moderately covered with yellow short hairs interspersed with dark brown longer hairs. Antenna composed of scape, pedicel and nine flagellomeres, dark brown except scape, pedicel and base of first flagellomere yellow, or dark brown except base of first flagellomere yellow; first flagellomere elongate, 1.8 times as long as second one. Maxillary palp with five segments, light brown, proportional lengths of third, fourth, and fifth segments 1.0:1.2:2.4; third segment (
<figureCitation id="1307BDC4FFC4CA64FEA913A5FECDFC1A" box="[259,345,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1830,1852]" captionTargetBox="[219,1364,548,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[150,1436,483,1805]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 1. Male of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) decuplum. (A) Third maxillary palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; front view). (B) Basitarsus and second tarsomere of hind leg (left side; outer view). (C) Coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view). (D) Style (right side; ventrolateral view). (E) Ventral plate with median sclerite (lateral view). (F) Ventral plate (caudal view). (G) Median sclerite (caudal view). (H) Paramere (left side: caudal view). (I) Aedeagal membrane (caudal view). (J) and (K) Abdominal segment 10 and cerci (right side; J, lateral view: K, caudal view). Scales. 0.05 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A and C– K." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459140/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
) widened apically; sensory vesicle (
<figureCitation id="1307BDC4FFC4CA64FD5A13A5FCD3FC1A" box="[752,839,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1830,1852]" captionTargetBox="[219,1364,548,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[150,1436,483,1805]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 1. Male of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) decuplum. (A) Third maxillary palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; front view). (B) Basitarsus and second tarsomere of hind leg (left side; outer view). (C) Coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view). (D) Style (right side; ventrolateral view). (E) Ventral plate with median sclerite (lateral view). (F) Ventral plate (caudal view). (G) Median sclerite (caudal view). (H) Paramere (left side: caudal view). (I) Aedeagal membrane (caudal view). (J) and (K) Abdominal segment 10 and cerci (right side; J, lateral view: K, caudal view). Scales. 0.05 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A and C– K." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459140/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
) globular, small, 0.16 times as long as third segment, and with small opening.
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC4CA64FE1A13DEFD91FC3F" bold="true" box="[432,517,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Thorax</emphasis>
. Brownish black to black, whitish-gray pruinose and shiny along lateral margins and on prescutellar areas, covered with yellow short hairs. Scutellum brownish black, with dark brown upright long hairs and yellow short hairs. Postnotum brownish black to black and bare. Pleural membrane bare. Katepisternum brownish black to black, shiny, covered with dark brown short hairs and yellow fine short hairs.
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC4CA64FB52144AFABAFB85" bold="true" box="[1272,1326,1088,1111]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Legs</emphasis>
. Foreleg: coxa and trochanter light to medium brown; femur light to medium brown with apical cap dark brown; tibia dark brown except median large portion on outer surface light to medium brown; tarsus brownish black, with moderate dorsal hair crest; basitarsus somewhat dilated, 6.6–6.9 times as long as its greatest width. Midleg: coxa dark brown to brownish black; trochanter medium brown except base light brown; femur medium brown with apical cap dark brown; tibia medium to dark brown except extreme base yellow; tarsus dark brown except basal one-fifth or onefourth of basitarsus dark yellow to light brown. Hind leg: coxa dark brown; trochanter dark yellow to light brown; femur medium brown except basal tip yellow to dark yellow and apical cap dark brown; tibia light to medium brown except basal tip yellow, and subbasal area and apical cap dark brown; tarsus (
<figureCitation id="1307BDC4FFC4CA64FBF51555FB22FAAA" box="[1119,1206,1375,1400]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1830,1852]" captionTargetBox="[219,1364,548,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[150,1436,483,1805]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 1. Male of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) decuplum. (A) Third maxillary palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; front view). (B) Basitarsus and second tarsomere of hind leg (left side; outer view). (C) Coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view). (D) Style (right side; ventrolateral view). (E) Ventral plate with median sclerite (lateral view). (F) Ventral plate (caudal view). (G) Median sclerite (caudal view). (H) Paramere (left side: caudal view). (I) Aedeagal membrane (caudal view). (J) and (K) Abdominal segment 10 and cerci (right side; J, lateral view: K, caudal view). Scales. 0.05 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A and C– K." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459140/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
) dark brown except little more than basal three-fifths of basitarsus (though base light brown) and little less than basal half of second tarsomere yellow to grayish yellow; basitarsus (
<figureCitation id="1307BDC4FFC4CA64FD0615ADFC95FA12" box="[684,769,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1830,1852]" captionTargetBox="[219,1364,548,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[150,1436,483,1805]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 1. Male of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) decuplum. (A) Third maxillary palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; front view). (B) Basitarsus and second tarsomere of hind leg (left side; outer view). (C) Coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view). (D) Style (right side; ventrolateral view). (E) Ventral plate with median sclerite (lateral view). (F) Ventral plate (caudal view). (G) Median sclerite (caudal view). (H) Paramere (left side: caudal view). (I) Aedeagal membrane (caudal view). (J) and (K) Abdominal segment 10 and cerci (right side; J, lateral view: K, caudal view). Scales. 0.05 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A and C– K." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459140/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
) narrow, nearly parallel-sided (though somewhat tapered in apical one-third), 5.3–5.6 times as long as wide, and 0.61–0.64 times as wide as greatest width of tibia, which is as wide as femur; calcipala (
<figureCitation id="1307BDC4FFC4CA64FE6915E5FD8FF9DA" box="[451,539,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1830,1852]" captionTargetBox="[219,1364,548,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[150,1436,483,1805]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 1. Male of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) decuplum. (A) Third maxillary palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; front view). (B) Basitarsus and second tarsomere of hind leg (left side; outer view). (C) Coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view). (D) Style (right side; ventrolateral view). (E) Ventral plate with median sclerite (lateral view). (F) Ventral plate (caudal view). (G) Median sclerite (caudal view). (H) Paramere (left side: caudal view). (I) Aedeagal membrane (caudal view). (J) and (K) Abdominal segment 10 and cerci (right side; J, lateral view: K, caudal view). Scales. 0.05 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A and C– K." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459140/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
) well developed, as long as wide, and 0.5 times as wide as greatest width of basitarsus; pedisulcus (
<figureCitation id="1307BDC4FFC4CA64FE34161EFE61F9FE" box="[414,501,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1830,1852]" captionTargetBox="[219,1364,548,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[150,1436,483,1805]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 1. Male of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) decuplum. (A) Third maxillary palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; front view). (B) Basitarsus and second tarsomere of hind leg (left side; outer view). (C) Coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view). (D) Style (right side; ventrolateral view). (E) Ventral plate with median sclerite (lateral view). (F) Ventral plate (caudal view). (G) Median sclerite (caudal view). (H) Paramere (left side: caudal view). (I) Aedeagal membrane (caudal view). (J) and (K) Abdominal segment 10 and cerci (right side; J, lateral view: K, caudal view). Scales. 0.05 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A and C– K." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459140/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
) well developed.
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC4CA64FD6F161EFC95F9FF" bold="true" box="[709,769,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Wing</emphasis>
. Length
<quantity id="4CC40CA4FFC4CA64FCC1161EFC6CF9FE" box="[875,1016,1556,1581]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="1.55" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.6 mm</quantity>
. costa with dark brown spinules and dark brown hairs except basal portion with patch of yellowish hairs. Subcosta without hairs. Hair tuft on base of radius dark brown. Basal portion of radius fully haired. Basal cell absent.
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDAC2FFC4CA64FC591656FBA8F9A7" authorityName="Rambur" authorityYear="1842" box="[1011,1084,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Nemopteridae" genus="Halter" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC4CA64FC591656FBA8F9A7" bold="true" box="[1011,1084,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Halter</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Dull white except basal stem partially darkened.
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC4CA64FEC51675FE49F94A" bold="true" box="[367,477,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Abdomen</emphasis>
. Basal scale medium brown, with fringe of medium-brown long hairs. Dorsal surface of abdomen medium to dark brown except basal half of segment 2 yellow, covered with dark brown short to long hairs; segments 2, 6 and 7 each with pair of shiny dorsolateral patches, when illuminated at certain angles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83A141FFC4CA67FF3D16E6FEF0FE7F" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,151,429]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC4CA64FF3D16E6FE96F8D7" bold="true" box="[151,258,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Genitalia</emphasis>
. Coxite in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="1307BDC4FFC4CA64FD8116E6FD17F8D6" box="[555,643,1772,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1830,1852]" captionTargetBox="[219,1364,548,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[150,1436,483,1805]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 1. Male of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) decuplum. (A) Third maxillary palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; front view). (B) Basitarsus and second tarsomere of hind leg (left side; outer view). (C) Coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view). (D) Style (right side; ventrolateral view). (E) Ventral plate with median sclerite (lateral view). (F) Ventral plate (caudal view). (G) Median sclerite (caudal view). (H) Paramere (left side: caudal view). (I) Aedeagal membrane (caudal view). (J) and (K) Abdominal segment 10 and cerci (right side; J, lateral view: K, caudal view). Scales. 0.05 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A and C– K." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459140/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
) nearly rectangular, 1.3 times as long as its greatest width. Style in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="1307BDC4FFC4CA64FEEB1705FE0AF8FA" box="[321,414,1807,1832]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1830,1852]" captionTargetBox="[219,1364,548,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[150,1436,483,1805]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 1. Male of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) decuplum. (A) Third maxillary palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; front view). (B) Basitarsus and second tarsomere of hind leg (left side; outer view). (C) Coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view). (D) Style (right side; ventrolateral view). (E) Ventral plate with median sclerite (lateral view). (F) Ventral plate (caudal view). (G) Median sclerite (caudal view). (H) Paramere (left side: caudal view). (I) Aedeagal membrane (caudal view). (J) and (K) Abdominal segment 10 and cerci (right side; J, lateral view: K, caudal view). Scales. 0.05 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A and C– K." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459140/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
) slender, tapered toward apex, markedly curved inward, with apical spine; style in ventrolateral view (
<figureCitation id="1307BDC4FFC4CA64FED9173EFE5EF89E" box="[371,458,1844,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1830,1852]" captionTargetBox="[219,1364,548,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[150,1436,483,1805]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 1. Male of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) decuplum. (A) Third maxillary palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; front view). (B) Basitarsus and second tarsomere of hind leg (left side; outer view). (C) Coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view). (D) Style (right side; ventrolateral view). (E) Ventral plate with median sclerite (lateral view). (F) Ventral plate (caudal view). (G) Median sclerite (caudal view). (H) Paramere (left side: caudal view). (I) Aedeagal membrane (caudal view). (J) and (K) Abdominal segment 10 and cerci (right side; J, lateral view: K, caudal view). Scales. 0.05 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A and C– K." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459140/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
) slightly tapered toward basal one-third, moderately tapered to apical one-fourth, then somewhat widened toward blunt apex; style in lateral view with apical one-fourth markedly curved mediodorsally. Ventral plate in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="1307BDC4FFC4CA64FE4D1776FDA9F846" box="[487,573,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1830,1852]" captionTargetBox="[219,1364,548,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[150,1436,483,1805]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 1. Male of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) decuplum. (A) Third maxillary palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; front view). (B) Basitarsus and second tarsomere of hind leg (left side; outer view). (C) Coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view). (D) Style (right side; ventrolateral view). (E) Ventral plate with median sclerite (lateral view). (F) Ventral plate (caudal view). (G) Median sclerite (caudal view). (H) Paramere (left side: caudal view). (I) Aedeagal membrane (caudal view). (J) and (K) Abdominal segment 10 and cerci (right side; J, lateral view: K, caudal view). Scales. 0.05 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A and C– K." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459140/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
) transverse, much wider than long, tapered posteriorly, with anterior margin produced anteromedially, posterior margin much concave medially, and densely covered with microsetae on ventral surface except each anterolateral portion bare; basal arms of moderate length, divergent, then parallel-sided; ventral plate in lateral view (Fig. E) nearly flat, not produced ventrally; ventral plate in caudal view (
<figureCitation id="1307BDC4FFC7CA67FAA6109DFACAFF62" box="[1292,1374,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1830,1852]" captionTargetBox="[219,1364,548,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[150,1436,483,1805]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 1. Male of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) decuplum. (A) Third maxillary palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; front view). (B) Basitarsus and second tarsomere of hind leg (left side; outer view). (C) Coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view). (D) Style (right side; ventrolateral view). (E) Ventral plate with median sclerite (lateral view). (F) Ventral plate (caudal view). (G) Median sclerite (caudal view). (H) Paramere (left side: caudal view). (I) Aedeagal membrane (caudal view). (J) and (K) Abdominal segment 10 and cerci (right side; J, lateral view: K, caudal view). Scales. 0.05 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A and C– K." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459140/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
) flat, moderately covered with microsetae except both lateral areas mostly bare; ventral margin slightly concave ventromedially and dorsal margin widely concave. Median sclerite in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="1307BDC4FFC7CA67FBCD10D5FB2BFF2A" box="[1127,1215,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1830,1852]" captionTargetBox="[219,1364,548,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[150,1436,483,1805]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 1. Male of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) decuplum. (A) Third maxillary palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; front view). (B) Basitarsus and second tarsomere of hind leg (left side; outer view). (C) Coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view). (D) Style (right side; ventrolateral view). (E) Ventral plate with median sclerite (lateral view). (F) Ventral plate (caudal view). (G) Median sclerite (caudal view). (H) Paramere (left side: caudal view). (I) Aedeagal membrane (caudal view). (J) and (K) Abdominal segment 10 and cerci (right side; J, lateral view: K, caudal view). Scales. 0.05 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A and C– K." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459140/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
) arising from near anterior tip of ventral plate and directed dorsally; median sclerite in caudal view (
<figureCitation id="1307BDC4FFC7CA67FB88110EFBE3FECE" box="[1058,1143,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1830,1852]" captionTargetBox="[219,1364,548,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[150,1436,483,1805]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 1. Male of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) decuplum. (A) Third maxillary palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; front view). (B) Basitarsus and second tarsomere of hind leg (left side; outer view). (C) Coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view). (D) Style (right side; ventrolateral view). (E) Ventral plate with median sclerite (lateral view). (F) Ventral plate (caudal view). (G) Median sclerite (caudal view). (H) Paramere (left side: caudal view). (I) Aedeagal membrane (caudal view). (J) and (K) Abdominal segment 10 and cerci (right side; J, lateral view: K, caudal view). Scales. 0.05 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A and C– K." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459140/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 1G</figureCitation>
) flat, narrowly pigmented mediolongitudinally. Paramere (
<figureCitation id="1307BDC4FFC7CA67FDAA112DFDC3FE92" box="[512,599,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1830,1852]" captionTargetBox="[219,1364,548,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[150,1436,483,1805]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 1. Male of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) decuplum. (A) Third maxillary palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; front view). (B) Basitarsus and second tarsomere of hind leg (left side; outer view). (C) Coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view). (D) Style (right side; ventrolateral view). (E) Ventral plate with median sclerite (lateral view). (F) Ventral plate (caudal view). (G) Median sclerite (caudal view). (H) Paramere (left side: caudal view). (I) Aedeagal membrane (caudal view). (J) and (K) Abdominal segment 10 and cerci (right side; J, lateral view: K, caudal view). Scales. 0.05 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A and C– K." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459140/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 1H</figureCitation>
) slender, with several long distinct hooks and few smaller ones near apex. Aedeagal membrane (
<figureCitation id="1307BDC4FFC7CA67FE3D1146FE73FEB6" box="[407,487,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1830,1852]" captionTargetBox="[219,1364,548,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[150,1436,483,1805]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 1. Male of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) decuplum. (A) Third maxillary palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; front view). (B) Basitarsus and second tarsomere of hind leg (left side; outer view). (C) Coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view). (D) Style (right side; ventrolateral view). (E) Ventral plate with median sclerite (lateral view). (F) Ventral plate (caudal view). (G) Median sclerite (caudal view). (H) Paramere (left side: caudal view). (I) Aedeagal membrane (caudal view). (J) and (K) Abdominal segment 10 and cerci (right side; J, lateral view: K, caudal view). Scales. 0.05 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A and C– K." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459140/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Fig.
<date id="FF828781FFC7CA67FE7A1146FE73FEB6" box="[464,487,332,356]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1I</date>
</figureCitation>
) not pigmented, densely covered with short microsetae. Ventral surface of tenth abdominal segment without distinct hairs near posterior margin on each side. Cercus (
<figureCitation id="1307BDC4FFC7CA67FBF71165FB5AFE5A" box="[1117,1230,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1830,1852]" captionTargetBox="[219,1364,548,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[150,1436,483,1805]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 1. Male of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) decuplum. (A) Third maxillary palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; front view). (B) Basitarsus and second tarsomere of hind leg (left side; outer view). (C) Coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view). (D) Style (right side; ventrolateral view). (E) Ventral plate with median sclerite (lateral view). (F) Ventral plate (caudal view). (G) Median sclerite (caudal view). (H) Paramere (left side: caudal view). (I) Aedeagal membrane (caudal view). (J) and (K) Abdominal segment 10 and cerci (right side; J, lateral view: K, caudal view). Scales. 0.05 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A and C– K." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459140/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 1J, K</figureCitation>
) not well defined, with 9 or 10 hairs.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF43F1C9FFC7CA67FF3D172CFF24F807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459140/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[151,250,1830,1852]" targetBox="[219,1364,548,1784]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="8B83A141FFC7CA67FF3D172CFF24F807" blockId="14.[151,1436,1830,2005]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC7CA67FF3D172CFE86F8E9" bold="true" box="[151,274,1830,1852]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Male of
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDAC2FFC7CA67FEC7172CFD77F8EE" authorityName="Takaoka &amp; Davies" authorityYear="1995" box="[365,739,1830,1852]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decuplum" subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC7CA67FEC7172CFE59F8EE" box="[365,461,1830,1852]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Simulium</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC7CA67FE71172CFDE5F8EE" box="[475,625,1830,1852]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Gomphostilbia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC7CA67FD2A172CFD77F8EE" box="[640,739,1830,1852]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">decuplum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. (A) Third maxillary palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; front view). (B) Basitarsus and second tarsomere of hind leg (left side; outer view). (C) Coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view). (D) Style (right side; ventrolateral view). (E) Ventral plate with median sclerite (lateral view). (F) Ventral plate (caudal view). (G) Median sclerite (caudal view). (H) Paramere (left side: caudal view). (I) Aedeagal membrane (caudal view). (J) and (K) Abdominal segment 10 and cerci (right side; J, lateral view: K, caudal view). Scales. 0.05 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A and C– K.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B83A141FFC6CA66FF6D109DFC2DFE7F" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<materialsCitation id="3B54AB1CFFC6CA66FF6D109DFB2EFF2A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1918153441" collectingDate="2011-12-20" collectorName="H. Takaoka &amp; Z. Ya'cob &amp; M. Sofian-Azirun" country="Malaysia" elevation="6" location="Sungai Koyan" municipality="Raub" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pahang">
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC6CA66FF6D109DFE52FF62" bold="true" box="[199,454,151,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
Two males reared from pupae collected from a stream (width
<elevation id="00114672FFC6CA66FB29109DFB51FF7D" box="[1155,1221,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="0.6">
<quantity id="4CC40CA4FFC6CA66FB29109DFB51FF7D" box="[1155,1221,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="0.6">0.6 m</quantity>
</elevation>
, water temperature 23.9˚C, partially shaded,
<elevation id="00114672FFC6CA66FE1E10B6FDF9FF06" box="[436,621,188,213]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.88" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="388.0">
elevation
<quantity id="4CC40CA4FFC6CA66FD8910B6FDF9FF06" box="[547,621,188,212]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.88" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="388.0">388 m</quantity>
</elevation>
, 04°23’429” N, 101°36’265” E), moderately flowing in a forest,
<location id="8EE3F79AFFC6CA66FAE410B6FF70FF2A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03951057FFC4CA66FF3D109DFCCAFDCA:8EE3F79AFFC6CA66FAE410B6FF70FF2A" country="Malaysia" municipality="Raub" name="Sungai Koyan" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Pahang">Sungai Koyan</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE73B3BFFC6CA66FF5A10D5FEBAFF2A" box="[240,302,223,248]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Raub</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="49F86FA3FFC6CA66FE9310D5FE1AFF2A" box="[313,398,223,248]" country="Malaysia" name="Pahang" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pahang</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32BE1D1FFC6CA66FE3010D5FD90FF2A" box="[410,516,223,248]" name="Malaysia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingDate id="EFC67E69FFC6CA66FDA510EAFD0AFF2A" box="[527,670,224,248]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2011-12-20">
<date id="FF828781FFC6CA66FDA510EAFD0AFF2A" box="[527,670,224,248]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2011-12-20">20-XII-2011</date>
</collectingDate>
, by
<collectorName id="26C9C497FFC6CA66FD6710EAFCC5FF2A" box="[717,849,223,248]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">H. Takaoka</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26C9C497FFC6CA66FCF610EAFC5EFF2A" box="[860,970,223,248]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Z. Ya’cob</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26C9C497FFC6CA66FC4510EAFB2EFF2A" box="[1007,1210,223,248]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">M. Sofian-Azirun</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B54AB1CFFC6CA66FB6C10EAFE1DFEB7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1918153471" collectingDate="2011-12-19" collectorName="H. Takaoka &amp; Z. Ya'cob &amp; M. Sofian-Azirun" country="Malaysia" elevation="3" location="Simpang Pulai" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Perak">
<specimenCount id="9D3A6AC8FFC6CA66FB6C10EAFA85FF2A" box="[1222,1297,223,248]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
reared from a pupa collected from a fast flowing stream (width
<elevation id="00114672FFC6CA66FD72110EFC8FFECE" box="[728,795,260,284]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="3.1">
<quantity id="4CC40CA4FFC6CA66FD72110EFC8FFECE" box="[728,795,260,284]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="3.1">3.1 m</quantity>
</elevation>
, water temperature 23.9˚C, exposed to the sun,
<elevation id="00114672FFC6CA66FA9F110EFF61FEED" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.315" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="1315.0">
elevation
<quantity id="4CC40CA4FFC6CA66FF3D112DFF61FEED" box="[151,245,295,320]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.315" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="1315.0">1,315 m</quantity>
</elevation>
, 04°34'573&quot; N, 101°20'430&quot; E),
<location id="8EE3F79AFFC6CA66FDCC112DFC9AFE92" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03951057FFC4CA66FF3D109DFCCAFDCA:8EE3F79AFFC6CA66FDCC112DFC9AFE92" box="[614,782,295,320]" country="Malaysia" name="Simpang Pulai" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Perak">Simpang Pulai</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49F86FA3FFC6CA66FCB0112DFCC9FE92" box="[794,861,295,320]" country="Malaysia" name="Perak" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Perak</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32BE1D1FFC6CA66FCC2112DFC46FE92" box="[872,978,295,320]" name="Malaysia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingDate id="EFC67E69FFC6CA66FC741122FBF9FE92" box="[990,1133,296,320]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2011-12-19">
<date id="FF828781FFC6CA66FC741122FBF9FE92" box="[990,1133,296,320]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2011-12-19">19-XII-2011</date>
</collectingDate>
, by
<collectorName id="26C9C497FFC6CA66FB371122FAB6FE92" box="[1181,1314,295,320]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">H. Takaoka</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26C9C497FFC6CA66FA871122FA08FE92" box="[1325,1436,295,320]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Z. Ya’cob</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26C9C497FFC6CA66FF131147FE1DFEB7" box="[185,393,332,357]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">M. Sofian-Azirun</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B54AB1CFFC6CA66FE301146FC2DFE7F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1918153347" collectingDate="2011-12-19" collectorName="H. Takaoka &amp; Z. Ya'cob &amp; M. Sofian-Azirun." country="Malaysia" elevation="4" location="Jalan Tapah" municipality="Cameron Highlands" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="9D3A6AC8FFC6CA66FE301146FE7EFEB7" box="[410,490,332,357]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
reared from a pupa collected from a slow flowing stream (width
<elevation id="00114672FFC6CA66FAAF1146FAD9FEB6" box="[1285,1357,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="0.4">
<quantity id="4CC40CA4FFC6CA66FAAF1146FAD9FEB6" box="[1285,1357,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="0.4">0.4 m</quantity>
</elevation>
, water temperature 19.4˚C, shaded,
<elevation id="00114672FFC6CA66FE741165FD3FFE55" box="[478,683,367,392]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.033" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="1033.0">
elevation
<quantity id="4CC40CA4FFC6CA66FDE6117AFD3FFE55" box="[588,683,368,392]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.033" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="1033.0">1,033 m</quantity>
</elevation>
, 04°24'672&quot; N, 101°22'213&quot; E),
<location id="8EE3F79AFFC6CA66FBB51165FB33FE5A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03951057FFC4CA66FF3D109DFCCAFDCA:8EE3F79AFFC6CA66FBB51165FB33FE5A" box="[1055,1191,367,392]" country="Malaysia" municipality="Cameron Highlands" name="Jalan Tapah" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Jalan Tapah</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE73B3BFFC6CA66FB19117AFA0CFE5A" box="[1203,1432,367,392]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cameron Highlands</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32BE1D1FFC6CA66FF3D119EFE95FE7F" box="[151,257,404,429]" name="Malaysia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingDate id="EFC67E69FFC6CA66FEA6119EFE0FFE7E" box="[268,411,404,428]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2011-12-19">
<date id="FF828781FFC6CA66FEA6119EFE0FFE7E" box="[268,411,404,428]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2011-12-19">19-XII-2011</date>
</collectingDate>
, by
<collectorName id="26C9C497FFC6CA66FE63119FFDD9FE7F" box="[457,589,404,429]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">H. Takaoka</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26C9C497FFC6CA66FDFD119FFD52FE7F" box="[599,710,404,429]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Z. Ya’cob</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26C9C497FFC6CA66FD40119FFC2DFE7F" box="[746,953,404,429]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">M. Sofian-Azirun.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C326F2CAFFC6CA66FF6D11BDFCCAFDCA" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B83A141FFC6CA66FF6D11BDFCCAFDCA" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC6CA66FF6D11BDFEA0FE02" bold="true" box="[199,308,439,464]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Remarks</emphasis>
. The male of this species is most similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDAC2FFC6CA66FC2011B2FA08FE1D" authority="Takaoka, Srisuka &amp; Low" authorityName="Takaoka, Srisuka &amp; Low" box="[906,1436,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huaikaeoense" subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC6CA66FC2011B2FC0CFE1D" box="[906,920,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">S</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC6CA66FC1811B2FC57FE1D" box="[946,963,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">G</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B9487D53FFC6CA66FC7611B2FBE0FE02" box="[988,1140,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">huaikaeoense</emphasis>
Takaoka, Srisuka &amp; Low
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F32BE1D1FFC6CA66FF7311D6FEA9FE27" box="[217,317,476,501]" name="Thailand" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Thailand</collectingCountry>
in many characters including the number of upper-eye large facets, relative length of the fore basistarsus against its greatest width, wing length and genitalia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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