203 lines
22 KiB
XML
203 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="6ACA01A8104230735592A8F268A05CE4">An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F50DBD5B95D98277DDFCA87E049D7E94">Ebert, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8AA429BC0EFC87B9EF10B6BE96D5FF07">Wintner, Sabine P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="68D0324C368565BBC5BE56B0B783C1F3">Kyne, Peter M.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="039287A19528FFCFCFF75883FC112562" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614827" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181006919" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4614827" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287A19528FFCFCFF75883FC112562" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039287A19528FFCFCFF75883FC112562" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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<subSubSection id="C321653C9528FFCFCFF75883FED422A2" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8436B79528FFCFCFF75883FD4E22C7" blockId="65.[151,1436,654,1113]" box="[151,695,654,681]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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<heading id="D0CC81DB9528FFCFCFF75883FD4E22C7" bold="true" box="[151,695,654,681]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349528FFCFCFF75883FD4E22C7" ID-CoL="3W9KT" ID-ENA="1214714" authority="(Muller & Henle, 1839)" baseAuthorityName="Muller & Henle" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[151,695,654,681]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Loxodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrorhinus">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59528FFCFCFF75883FD4E22C7" bold="true" box="[151,695,654,681]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59528FFCFCFF75883FE6322C6" bold="true" box="[151,410,654,681]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Loxodon macrorhinus</emphasis>
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(Müller &
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469528FFCFCD425882FD5622C7" author="Henle" box="[546,687,654,681]" firstAuthor="Henle" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="29 - 102" refId="ref110013" refString="M ʾ ller, J. & Henle, F. G. J. (1839) s. n. In: Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen. Plagiostomen, Berlin, pp. 29 - 102." type="book chapter" year="1839">Henle, 1839</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B8436B79528FFCFCFF758BEFED422A2" blockId="65.[151,1436,654,1113]" box="[151,301,691,717]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Sliteye Shark</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C321653C9528FFCFCFF758DAFEC723CA" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B8436B79528FFCFCFF758DAFE94237A" blockId="65.[151,1436,654,1113]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2B11999528FFCFCFF758DAFE94237A" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349528FFCFCFF758DAFE76229E" ID-CoL="3W9KT" baseAuthorityName="Muller & Henle" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[151,399,727,753]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Loxodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrorhinus">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59528FFCFCFF758DAFE76229E" box="[151,399,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Loxodon macrorhinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<materialsCitation id="3B533CEA9528FFCFCEF658DAFE94237A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3072574369" collectionCode="ZMB" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" specimenCode="ZMB 4479" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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M̹ller &
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A69528FFCFCD6858DAFD46229E" author="Henle, F. G. J." box="[520,703,727,753]" page="61" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" year="1839">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469528FFCFCD6858DAFD46229E" author="Henle" box="[520,703,727,753]" firstAuthor="Henle" page="61" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="29 - 102" refId="ref110013" refString="M ʾ ller, J. & Henle, F. G. J. (1839) s. n. In: Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen. Plagiostomen, Berlin, pp. 29 - 102." type="book chapter" year="1839">Henle, 1839: 61</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, pl. 25.
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<typeStatus id="548088159528FFCFCC7A58DAFC7E229E" box="[794,903,727,753]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
:
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||
<specimenCode id="DB9D9ECC9528FFCFCCF258DAFBEA229E" box="[914,1043,727,753]" collectionCode="ZMB" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="Museum">ZMB 4479</specimenCode>
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. Type locality: unknown (probably Indian Ocean).
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</materialsCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8436B79528FFCFCFF75912FEC723CA" blockId="65.[151,1436,654,1113]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59528FFCFCFF75912FEA22356" bold="true" box="[151,347,799,825]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Local synonymy</emphasis>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349528FFCFCE0B5912FC922356" ID-CoL="3W9KT" authority=": Bass et al., 1975 b: 37" authorityName="Bass" authorityPageNumber="37" authorityYear="1975" box="[363,875,798,825]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Loxodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrorhinus">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59528FFCFCE0B5912FD9A2356" box="[363,611,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Loxodon macrorhinus</emphasis>
|
||
:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469528FFCFCD125912FC922356" author="Bass" box="[626,875,798,825]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bass" page="37" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 100" refId="ref92970" refString="Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1975 b) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. III. The families Carcharhinidae (excluding Mustelus and Carcharhinus) and Sphyrnidae. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 38, 1 - 100." type="journal article" year="1975" yearSuffix="b">
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Bass
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59528FFCFCDCF5912FD112357" box="[687,744,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
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||
, 1975b: 37
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, fig. 22;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469528FFCFCCB15912FB272356" author="Compagno" box="[977,1246,798,825]" firstAuthor="Compagno" page="514" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="251 - 655" refId="ref95496" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 b) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 251 - 655." type="book chapter" year="1984" yearSuffix="b">Compagno, 1984b: 514</bibRefCitation>
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, fig.;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469528FFCFCA405912FED22332" author="Bass, A. J. & Compagno, L. J. V." editor="Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C." journalOrPublisher="Macmillan, Johannesburg" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="104 - 105" refId="ref93292" refString="Bass, A. J. & Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Echinorhinidae, Proscyllidae, Odontaspidiidae, Mitsukurinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 63 + 103 + 104 - 105." title="Families Echinorhinidae, Proscyllidae, Odontaspidiidae, Mitsukurinidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Smith's Sea Fishes" year="1986">
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Bass
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59528FFCFCA3C5912FA772356" box="[1372,1422,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">et al</emphasis>
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||
., 1986: 80
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</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 9.25;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469528FFCFCEC6594EFD5A2332" author="Compagno" box="[422,675,835,861]" firstAuthor="Compagno" page="16" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refId="ref95624" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1988 a) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 486 pp." type="book" year="1988" yearSuffix="a">Compagno, 1988a: 16</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469528FFCFCDCF594EFC272332" author="Compagno" box="[687,990,835,861]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Compagno" page="68" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refId="ref96138" refString="Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp." type="book" year="1989">
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||
Compagno
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59528FFCFCC51594EFC9A2332" box="[817,867,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">et al</emphasis>
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||
., 1989: 68
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
, pl.;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469528FFCFCB77594EFAEC2332" author="Compagno" box="[1047,1301,835,861]" firstAuthor="Compagno" page="120" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="75 - 120" refId="ref95720" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406" type="journal article" year="1999">Compagno, 1999: 120</bibRefCitation>
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;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469528FFCFCA41594EFE7C23EE" author="Compagno" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Compagno" page="314" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refId="ref95897" refString="Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp." type="book" year="2005">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A69528FFCFCA41594EFEB223EE" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
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Compagno
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59528FFCFCFA6596AFF0023EE" box="[198,249,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2005
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
: 314
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
, fig., pl. 60;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469528FFCFCD79596AFD1D23EE" author="Ebert, D. A. & Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V." box="[537,740,871,897]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refId="ref99433" refString="Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp." type="book" year="2013">
|
||
Ebert
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||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59528FFCFCD3E596AFD6123EE" box="[606,664,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
a: 492, fig., pl. 73;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469528FFCFCCDE596AFAE923EE" author="Ebert & van Hees" box="[958,1296,870,897]" firstAuthor="Ebert" page="146" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="141 - 156" refId="ref99877" refString="Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the " Lost Sharks " of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730" type="journal article" year="2015">Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 146</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469528FFCFCA7D596AFEC323CA" author="Weigmann, S." pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="837 - 1037" refId="ref118762" refString="Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874" type="journal article" year="2016">Weigmann, 2016: 861</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C321653C9528FFCFCFF759A3FD762382" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8B8436B79528FFCFCFF759A3FC1523A6" blockId="65.[151,1436,654,1113]" box="[151,1004,942,969]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59528FFCFCFF759A3FDFB23A7" bold="true" box="[151,514,942,969]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32C76279528FFCFCFF759A3FED623A7" box="[151,303,942,968]" name="South Africa" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
voucher material
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE729528FFCFCD7159A2FD9C23A6" box="[529,613,943,969]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
|
||
6178,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE729528FFCFCDD259A2FCFF23A6" box="[690,774,943,969]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
|
||
6202,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE729528FFCFCC3359A2FC5E23A6" box="[851,935,943,969]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
|
||
6211.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436B79528FFCFCFF759DFFD762382" blockId="65.[151,1436,654,1113]" box="[151,655,978,1005]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59528FFCFCFF759DFFE2A2383" bold="true" box="[151,467,978,1004]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">South African distribution</emphasis>
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||
: Northern KZN.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C321653C9528FFCFCFF759FAFC112562" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436B79528FFCFCFF759FAFEFE245A" blockId="65.[151,1436,654,1113]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59528FFCFCFF759FAFEFD247E" bold="true" box="[151,260,1015,1041]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
:A small coastal tropical species with a wide Indo-West Pacific range but occurring locally only in northern KZN.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436B79528FFCFCFF75E33FDE92436" blockId="65.[151,1436,654,1113]" box="[151,528,1086,1113]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59528FFCFCFF75E33FE7D2436" bold="true" box="[151,388,1086,1113]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Conservation status</emphasis>
|
||
: LC (2003).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436B79528FFCFCFF75E8BFDF624CF" blockId="65.[151,1436,1158,1293]" box="[151,527,1158,1185]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59528FFCFCFF75E8BFDF624CF" bold="true" box="[151,527,1158,1185]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
Genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349528FFCFCF8A5E8AFDF624CF" authority="Whitley, 1940" authorityName="Whitley" authorityYear="1940" box="[234,527,1158,1185]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Negaprion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59528FFCFCF8A5E8AFE9C24CE" bold="true" box="[234,357,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Negaprion</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469528FFCFCE0C5E8BFDF624CF" author="Whitley, G. P." box="[364,527,1158,1184]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refId="ref120458" refString="Whitley, G. P. (1940) The Fishes of Australia. Part I. The Sharks, Rays, Devil-fish, and Other Primitive Fishes of Australia and New Zealand. Australian Zoological Handbook. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, Sydney, 280 pp." type="book" year="1940">Whitley, 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436B79528FFCFCFF75EA6FEC324AA" blockId="65.[151,1436,1158,1293]" box="[151,314,1195,1221]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Lemon Sharks</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436B79528FFCFCFF75EC2FC112562" blockId="65.[151,1436,1158,1293]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349528FFCFCFF75EC2FE0C2486" authority="Whitley, 1940: 111" authorityName="Whitley" authorityPageNumber="111" authorityYear="1940" box="[151,501,1231,1257]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Negaprion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59528FFCFCFF75EC2FEF62487" box="[151,271,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Negaprion</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469528FFCFCE785EC2FE0C2486" author="Whitley, G. P." box="[280,501,1231,1257]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refId="ref120458" refString="Whitley, G. P. (1940) The Fishes of Australia. Part I. The Sharks, Rays, Devil-fish, and Other Primitive Fishes of Australia and New Zealand. Australian Zoological Handbook. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, Sydney, 280 pp." type="book" year="1940">Whitley, 1940: 111</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="548088159528FFCFCD625EC2FDC32486" box="[514,570,1231,1257]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349528FFCFCDC65EC2FAEB2486" authority="Whitley, 1939 b" authorityName="Whitley" authorityYear="1939" box="[678,1298,1231,1257]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Aprionodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="acutidens" subSpecies="queenslandicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59528FFCFCDC65EC2FBAE2486" box="[678,1111,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Aprionodon acutidens queenslandicus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469528FFCFCB005EC2FAFA2486" author="Whitley, G. P." box="[1120,1283,1231,1257]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="227 - 262" refId="ref120430" refString="Whitley, G. P. (1939) Taxonomic notes on sharks and rays. Australian Zoologist, 9 (3), 227 - 262." type="journal article" year="1939">Whitley, 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
b
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by original designation, a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349528FFCFCD5E5EFEFCD12562" baseAuthorityName="Ruppell" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[574,808,1267,1293]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Negaprion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutidens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59528FFCFCD5E5EFEFCD12562" box="[574,808,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Negaprion acutidens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(R̹ppell, 1837).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |