288 lines
41 KiB
XML
288 lines
41 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="C1B1E8AEF618CCC210DCA76FEFF4C034">
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<mods:title id="A330A3ABF36408DDDCDA87840569E96F">An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="1CDC5F55F16C39453C61BDB6F60F1732" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="03BE50666B1425D3A0F810B758A7E19A">Ebert, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="65AFC462ABBCC8F49733E2C82E0D7008">Wintner, Sabine P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="894B255F112AE015D04D3464373E6A0E">Kyne, Peter M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0DB4137BE7AB29FE4C64164C21865BAC" type="email">debert@mlml.calstate.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="D2F0D2689101A12BAF5DB9A5D96EF97F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="94281E8E0928B0486FA126EB08C34493">
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<mods:date id="A35197ED5C7A4003AD111C9C84C955E1">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C98B3D9C09DC166C6541844261E8A3A5">2021-03-17</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B36A3CEBA13204E523E36307F210E3B3">4947</mods:number>
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<treatment id="039287A19508FFECCFF75D5BFDEC23CB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4615052" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181007051" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4615052" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287A19508FFECCFF75D5BFDEC23CB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039287A19508FFECCFF75D5BFDEC23CB" lastPageId="98" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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<subSubSection id="C321653C9508FFEFCFF75D5BFF0227FA" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8436B79508FFEFCFF75D5BFDD6271F" blockId="97.[151,1436,1878,2013]" box="[151,559,1878,1905]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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<heading id="D0CC81DB9508FFEFCFF75D5BFDD6271F" bold="true" box="[151,559,1878,1905]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349508FFEFCFF75D5BFDD6271F" ID-CoL="453C6" ID-ENA="990611" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,559,1878,1905]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Myliobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aquila">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59508FFEFCFF75D5BFDD6271F" bold="true" box="[151,559,1878,1905]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59508FFEFCFF75D5BFE98271E" bold="true" box="[151,353,1878,1905]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Myliobatis aquila</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469508FFEFCE115D5BFDDF271F" author="Linnaeus" box="[369,550,1878,1904]" firstAuthor="Linnaeus" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" refId="ref108777" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae, Ed. X. (Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8436B79508FFEFCFF75D77FF0227FA" blockId="97.[151,1436,1878,2013]" box="[151,251,1914,1941]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Bull Ray</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C321653C9508FFECCFF75D92FBC921BF" lastPageId="98" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B8436B79508FFEFCFF75D92FDB127B2" blockId="97.[151,1436,1878,2013]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2B11999508FFEFCFF75D92FDB127B2" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A69508FFEFCFF75D92FDEF27D7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3912228" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3912228" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1861E3F6-1173-44DB-9324-1D994D8FFEF6" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[151,534,1950,1977]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/84FACC22345A84C8009135796255494B" page="232" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" year="1758">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349508FFEFCFF75D92FDEF27D7" ID-CoL="793MN" authority="Linnaeus, 1758: 232" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="232" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,534,1950,1977]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aquila">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59508FFEFCFF75D92FEE727D7" box="[151,286,1950,1976]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Raja aquila</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B533CEA9508FFEFCE475D93FDEF27D7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3072574481" box="[295,534,1950,1977]" location="Mediterranean Sea" municipality="Northeastern Atlantic" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" specimenCount="2">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469508FFEFCE475D93FDEF27D7" author="Linnaeus" box="[295,534,1950,1977]" firstAuthor="Linnaeus" page="232" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" refId="ref108777" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae, Ed. X. (Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758: 232</bibRefCitation>
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</materialsCitation>
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. No known
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<typeStatus id="548088159508FFEFCDC55D92FD1D27D6" box="[677,740,1951,1977]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">types</typeStatus>
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.
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<typeStatus id="548088159508FFEFCD915D92FCD027D6" box="[753,809,1951,1977]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Type</typeStatus>
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locality:
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<location id="8EE4606C9508FFEFCCF85D93FB9427D7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287A19508FFECCFF75D5BFDEC23CB:8EE4606C9508FFEFCCF85D93FB9427D7" box="[920,1133,1950,1976]" municipality="Northeastern Atlantic" name="Mediterranean Sea" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Mediterranean Sea</location>
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and
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BE0ACCD9508FFEFCBC95D93FA6527D7" box="[1193,1436,1950,1976]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Northeastern Atlantic</collectingMunicipality>
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[original: “in Mari Mediterraneo”]
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8436B7950BFFECCFF75A9BFBC921BF" blockId="98.[151,1437,150,933]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA5950BFFECCFF75A9BFEA420DF" bold="true" box="[151,349,150,176]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Local synonymy</emphasis>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D34950BFFECCE0E5A9BFCDF20DE" ID-CoL="453C6" authority=": Bleeker, 1860 b: 59" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityPageNumber="59" authorityYear="1860" box="[366,806,150,177]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Myliobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aquila">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA5950BFFECCE0E5A9BFDC120DF" box="[366,568,150,176]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Myliobatis aquila</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46950BFFECCD295A9BFCDF20DE" author="Bleeker" box="[585,806,150,177]" firstAuthor="Bleeker" page="59" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 104" refId="ref94090" refString="Bleeker, P. (1860 b) Zesde bijdrage tot de kennis der vischfauna van Japan. Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neerlandicae, 8 (1), 1 - 104. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 144153" type="journal article" year="1860" yearSuffix="b">Bleeker, 1860b: 59</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46950BFFECCC545A9BFBE120DF" author="Dumeril" box="[820,1048,150,177]" firstAuthor="Dumeril" page="634" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref97924" refString="Dumeril, A. H. A. (1865) Histoire naturelle des poissons ou ichthyologie generale. Tome Premier. I. Elasmobranches. Plagiostomes et Holocephales ou Chimeres. Vol. 1. Librarie Encylopedique de Roret, Paris, 720 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2111" type="book" year="1865">Duméril, 1865: 634</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46950BFFECCB475A9BFAE920DF" author="Gilchrist" box="[1063,1296,150,176]" firstAuthor="Gilchrist" page="169" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="97 - 179" refId="ref102454" refString="Gilchrist, J. D. F. (1902) Catalogue of fishes recorded from South Africa. Cape of Good Hope, Department of Agriculture, Marine Investigations in South Africa, 1, 97 - 179." type="journal article" year="1902">Gilchrist, 1902: 169</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46950BFFECCA7D5A9BFEC120BA" author="Thompson, W. W." pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="132 - 167" refId="ref117072" refString="Thompson, W. W. (1914) Catalogue of the fishes of the Cape Province (Pt 1). Marine Biological Report, Cape Town, 2 (8), 132 - 167." type="journal article" year="1914">Thompson, 1914: 165</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46950BFFECCE235AB7FD4420BB" author="Gilchrist & Thompson" box="[323,701,186,212]" firstAuthor="Gilchrist" page="280" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="255 - 290" refId="ref102877" refString="Gilchrist, J. D. F. & Thompson, W. W. (1916) A catalogue of the sea fishes recorded from Natal. Part I. Annals of the Durban Museum, 1 (3), 255 - 290." type="journal article" year="1916">Gilchrist & Thompson, 1916: 280</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46950BFFECCDA75AB6FBED20BB" author="von Bonde, C. & Swart, D. B." box="[711,1044,186,213]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref118185" refString="von Bonde, C. & Swart, D. B. (1923) The Platosomia (skates and rays) collected by the S. S. " Pickle ". University of South Africa, Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey Report, 3 (5), 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1923">von Bonde & Swart, 1923: 17</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46950BFFECCB7E5AB7FB1020BB" author="Barnard" box="[1054,1257,186,213]" firstAuthor="Barnard" page="82" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 418" refId="ref92438" refString="Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418." type="journal article" year="1925">Barnard, 1925: 82</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 7, pl.4;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46950BFFECCA125AB6FE7A2097" author="von Bonde, C." pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref117977" refString="von Bonde, C. (1934) Shark fishing as an industry. Union of South Africa, Department of Commerce and Industry, Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Investigational Report, Series 2, 1 - 19." type="book chapter" year="1934">von Bonde, 1934: 17</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46950BFFECCEF05AD3FDAC2097" author="Smith, J. L. B." box="[400,597,222,249]" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Albany Museum" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="169 - 235" part="4" refId="ref114396" refString="Smith, J. L. B. (1935) New and little known fishes from South Africa. Records of the Albany Museum, 4 (2), 169 - 235." title="New and little known fishes from South Africa" type="journal article" year="1935">Smith, 1935: 169</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46950BFFECCD015AD3FCD62097" author="Barnard" box="[609,815,222,248]" firstAuthor="Barnard" page="28" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref92649" refString="Barnard, K. H. (1947) A Pictorial Guide to South African Fishes. Marine and Freshwater. Maskew Miller Ltd, Cape Town, 226 pp." type="book" year="1947">Barnard, 1947: 28</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 6, pl. 4;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46950BFFECCCA65AD3FB7E2097" author="Smith, J. L. B." box="[966,1159,222,248]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref114538" refString="Smith, J. L. B. (1949 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 550 pp." type="book" year="1949">Smith, 1949a: 69</bibRefCitation>
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(doubtful from southern Africa);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46950BFFECCE475B0FFE262173" author="Smith, J. L. B." box="[295,479,258,285]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref115700" refString="Smith, J. L. B. (1965) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 5 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., 580 pp." type="book" year="1965">Smith, 1965: 69</bibRefCitation>
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(doubtful from southern Africa);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46950BFFECCC005B0FFBC42173" author="Wallace, J. H." box="[864,1085,258,284]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref118483" refString="Wallace, J. H. (1967 c) The batoid fishes of the east coast of southern Africa. Part II: manta, eagle, duckbill, cownose, butterfly and sting rays. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 16, 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1967">Wallace, 1967c: 17</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 8;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46950BFFECCBF85B0FFA6E2173" author="Compagno" box="[1176,1431,258,284]" firstAuthor="Compagno" page="133" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="144 - 147" refId="ref95556" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Pristidae, Narkidae, Rhinobatidae, Myliobatidae, Mobulidae, Dasyatidae, Chimaeridae, Rhinochimaeridae, Callorhinchidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 110 - 142, 144 - 147." type="journal article" year="1986">Compagno, 1986: 133</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 28.2, pl. 5;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46950BFFECCE125B2BFD54212F" author="Compagno" box="[370,685,294,321]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Compagno" page="112" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref96138" refString="Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp." type="book" year="1989">
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Compagno
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA5950BFFECCE945B2AFDDC212F" box="[500,549,294,320]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al</emphasis>
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., 1989: 112
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pl.;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46950BFFECCD835B2BFBE7212F" author="Compagno" box="[739,1054,294,321]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Compagno" page="108" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="43 - 139" refId="ref96066" refString="Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Cowley, P. D. (1991) Distribution of offshore demersal cartilaginous fishes (class Chondrichthyes) of the west coast of southern Africa, with notes on their systematics. South African Journal of Marine Science, 11, 43 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 025776191784287664" type="journal article" year="1991">
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Compagno
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA5950BFFECCC055B2AFC6F212F" box="[869,918,294,320]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al</emphasis>
|
|
., 1991: 108
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
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|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46950BFFECCB4A5B2BFADC212F" author="Compagno" box="[1066,1317,294,320]" firstAuthor="Compagno" page="117" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="75 - 120" refId="ref95720" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406" type="journal article" year="1999">Compagno, 1999: 117</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46950BFFECCA515B2AFE32210B" author="Heemstra & Heemstra" firstAuthor="Heemstra" page="86" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref104374" refString="Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. National Inquiry Service Centre and South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 488 pp." type="book" year="2004">Heemstra & Heemstra, 2004: 86</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46950BFFECCEBB5B46FD5D210B" author="Mann" box="[475,676,330,357]" firstAuthor="Mann" page="132" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 343" refId="ref109360" refString="Mann, B. Q. (2013) Southern African marine linefish species profiles. Oceanographic Research Institute, Special Publication, 9, 1 - 343." type="journal article" year="2013">Mann, 2013: 132</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46950BFFECCDD35B47FC83210A" author="NPOA" box="[691,890,330,357]" firstAuthor="NPOA" page="59" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref110949" refString="NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp." type="book" year="2013">NPOA, 2013: 59</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46950BFFECCCE95B47FB4C210B" author="da Silva" box="[905,1205,330,357]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="da Silva" page="247" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="233 - 248" refId="ref96965" refString="da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471" type="journal article" year="2015">
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|
da Silva
|
|
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5950BFFECCC915B46FBDF210B" box="[1009,1062,330,356]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al</emphasis>
|
|
., 2015: 247
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
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|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46950BFFECCBA45B47FEC221E7" author="Ebert & van Hees" firstAuthor="Ebert" page="148" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="141 - 156" refId="ref99877" refString="Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the " Lost Sharks " of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730" type="journal article" year="2015">Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 148</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46950BFFECCE285B63FDBD21E7" author="Weigmann, S." box="[328,580,366,392]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="837 - 1037" refId="ref118762" refString="Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874" type="journal article" year="2016">Weigmann, 2016: 986</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46950BFFECCD315B63FC8421E6" author="Last, P. R. & White, W. T. & de Carvalho, M. E. & Seret, B. & Stehmann, M. F. W. & Naylor, G. J. P." box="[593,893,366,393]" firstAuthor="White" page="715" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref107948" refString="Last, P. R., White, W. T., de Carvalho, M. E., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Naylor, G. J. P. (2016 a) Rays of the World. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York 790 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148" type="book" year="2016" yearSuffix="a">White & Last, 2016a: 715</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 30.8.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D34950BFFECCC985B63FA6E21E7" ID-CoL="453CD" authority=": Smith, 1935: 169" authorityName=": Smith" authorityPageNumber="169" authorityYear="1935" box="[1016,1431,366,393]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Myliobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cervus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5950BFFECCC985B63FB3821E7" box="[1016,1217,366,392]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Myliobatis cervus</emphasis>
|
|
:
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46950BFFECCBB15B63FA6E21E7" author="Smith, J. L. B." box="[1233,1431,366,393]" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Albany Museum" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="169 - 235" part="4" refId="ref114396" refString="Smith, J. L. B. (1935) New and little known fishes from South Africa. Records of the Albany Museum, 4 (2), 169 - 235." title="New and little known fishes from South Africa" type="journal article" year="1935">Smith, 1935: 169</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, fig. 1 (original description;
|
|
<typeStatus id="54808815950BFFECCE9E5B9EFD9921C2" box="[510,608,403,429]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
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missing);
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46950BFFECCDB95B9FFC6421C3" author="Smith, J. L. B." box="[729,925,402,428]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref114538" refString="Smith, J. L. B. (1949 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 550 pp." type="book" year="1949">Smith, 1949a: 68</bibRefCitation>
|
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, fig. 75, pl. 3;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46950BFFECCB255B9FFB0421C3" author="Smith, J. L. B." box="[1093,1277,402,429]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref115700" refString="Smith, J. L. B. (1965) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 5 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., 580 pp." type="book" year="1965">Smith, 1965: 68</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, fig. 75, pl. 3.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D34950BFFECCFA65BBBFD8A21BE" authority=": Fowler, 1941: 459" authorityName=": Fowler" authorityPageNumber="459" authorityYear="1941" box="[198,627,438,465]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Holorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aquila">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5950BFFECCFA65BBBFE6D21BF" box="[198,404,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Holorhinus aquila</emphasis>
|
|
:
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46950BFFECCEC25BBBFD8A21BE" author="Fowler" box="[418,627,438,465]" firstAuthor="Fowler" page="459" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 879" refId="ref101290" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1941) The fishes of the groups Elasmobranchii, Holocephali, Isospondyli, and Ostarophysi obtained by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries streamer " Albatross " in 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. Bulletin United States National Museum, 100, 1 - 879." type="journal article" year="1941">Fowler, 1941: 459</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D34950BFFECCD1D5BBBFBD521BF" authority=": Fowler, 1941: 460" authorityName="Fowler" authorityPageNumber="460" authorityYear="1941" box="[637,1068,438,465]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Holorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cervus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5950BFFECCD1D5BBBFCB521BF" box="[637,844,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Holorhinus cervus</emphasis>
|
|
:
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46950BFFECCC3B5BBBFBD521BF" author="Fowler" box="[859,1068,438,464]" firstAuthor="Fowler" page="460" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 879" refId="ref101290" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1941) The fishes of the groups Elasmobranchii, Holocephali, Isospondyli, and Ostarophysi obtained by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries streamer " Albatross " in 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. Bulletin United States National Museum, 100, 1 - 879." type="journal article" year="1941">Fowler, 1941: 460</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C321653C950BFFECCFF75BD7FBF122EA" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8436B7950BFFECCFF75BD7FD79220F" blockId="98.[151,1437,150,933]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5950BFFECCFF75BD7FE04219B" bold="true" box="[151,509,474,500]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F32C7627950BFFECCFF75BD7FED4219B" box="[151,301,474,500]" name="South Africa" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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|
voucher material
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
:
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE72950BFFECCD6A5BD7FDA7219B" box="[522,606,474,500]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
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2860,
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<collectionCode id="ED2AAE72950BFFECCDC85BD7FD05219B" box="[680,764,474,500]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
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7844,
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<collectionCode id="ED2AAE72950BFFECCC265BD7FC63219B" box="[838,922,474,500]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
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10423,
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<collectionCode id="ED2AAE72950BFFECCC925BD7FBBF219B" box="[1010,1094,474,500]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
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12111,
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<collectionCode id="ED2AAE72950BFFECCBFC5BD7FB09219B" box="[1180,1264,474,500]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
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12842,
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<collectionCode id="ED2AAE72950BFFECCA285BD7FA65219B" box="[1352,1436,474,500]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
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19823,
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<collectionCode id="ED2AAE72950BFFECCE7B5BF3FE962277" box="[283,367,510,536]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
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19864,
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<collectionCode id="ED2AAE72950BFFECCEAE5BF3FDDB2277" box="[462,546,510,536]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
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26451,
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<collectionCode id="ED2AAE72950BFFECCDE05BF3FD2D2277" box="[640,724,510,536]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
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26452,
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<collectionCode id="ED2AAE72950BFFECCC525BF3FC7F2277" box="[818,902,510,536]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
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26453,
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<collectionCode id="ED2AAE72950BFFECCC845BF3FBC12277" box="[996,1080,510,536]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
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26504,
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<collectionCode id="ED2AAE72950BFFECCBF65BF3FB132277" box="[1174,1258,510,536]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
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26505,
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<collectionCode id="ED2AAE72950BFFECCA285BF3FA652277" box="[1352,1436,510,536]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
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26961,
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<collectionCode id="ED2AAE72950BFFECCE7B582FFE962253" box="[283,367,546,572]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
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44344,
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<collectionCode id="ED2AAE72950BFFECCEAE582FFDDB2253" box="[462,546,546,572]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
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44345,
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<collectionCode id="ED2AAE72950BFFECCDE0582FFD2D2253" box="[640,724,546,572]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
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44346,
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<collectionCode id="ED2AAE72950BFFECCC52582FFC7F2253" box="[818,902,546,572]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
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44347,
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<collectionCode id="ED2AAE72950BFFECCC84582FFBC12253" box="[996,1080,546,572]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
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44350,
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<collectionCode id="ED2AAE72950BFFECCBF6582FFB132253" box="[1174,1258,546,572]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
|
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44352,
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<collectionCode id="ED2AAE72950BFFECCA28582FFA652253" box="[1352,1436,546,572]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
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48515,
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<collectionCode id="ED2AAE72950BFFECCE7A584BFE97220F" box="[282,366,582,608]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
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50843,
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<collectionCode id="ED2AAE72950BFFECCEA9584BFDE4220F" box="[457,541,582,608]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
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207767.
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</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8436B7950BFFECCFF75867FBF122EA" blockId="98.[151,1437,150,933]" box="[151,1032,618,645]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5950BFFECCFF75867FE2A22EB" bold="true" box="[151,467,618,644]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">South African distribution</emphasis>
|
|
: The Orange River (NC) to at least
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D34950BFFECCC055867FBF122EA" authority=", KZN." authorityName="KZN." box="[869,1032,618,645]" genus="Durban" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Durban, KZN.</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C321653C950BFFECCFF75883FDEC23CB" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="discussion">
|
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<paragraph id="8B8436B7950BFFECCFF75883FE8F23EF" blockId="98.[151,1437,150,933]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5950BFFECCFF75883FEFD22C7" bold="true" box="[151,260,654,680]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Remarks</emphasis>
|
|
:
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46950BFFECCE765883FE5722C6" author="Smith, J. L. B." box="[278,430,654,681]" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Albany Museum" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="169 - 235" part="4" refId="ref114396" refString="Smith, J. L. B. (1935) New and little known fishes from South Africa. Records of the Albany Museum, 4 (2), 169 - 235." title="New and little known fishes from South Africa" type="journal article" year="1935">Smith (1935)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
described a new species
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D34950BFFECCDBB5883FC5F22C7" authorityName=": Smith" authorityYear="1935" box="[731,934,654,680]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Myliobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cervus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5950BFFECCDBB5883FC5F22C7" box="[731,934,654,680]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Myliobatis cervus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from two specimens (designated
|
|
<typeStatus id="54808815950BFFECCA515882FA6C22C6" box="[1329,1429,655,681]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
|
) caught off Knysna (WC). In subsequent publications,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46950BFFECCC5858BFFC2F22A3" author="Smith, J. L. B." box="[824,982,690,716]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref114538" refString="Smith, J. L. B. (1949 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 550 pp." type="book" year="1949">
|
|
Smith (1949
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46950BFFECCCA958BFFC2F22A3" author="Van Bruggen, A. C." box="[969,982,690,716]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="190 - 191" refId="ref117110" refString="Van Bruggen, A. C. (1965) Records and observations in the Port Elizabeth oceanarium in 1960. Zoologische Garten, Leipzig, 31 (3 / 4), 190 - 191." type="journal article" year="1965">a</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, 1965) commented that he doubted the European
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D34950BFFECCE5858DAFE5D229F" authorityName=": Fowler" authorityYear="1941" box="[312,420,726,752]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Holorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aquila">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA5950BFFECCE5858DAFE5D229F" box="[312,420,726,752]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">M. aquila</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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occurred in the region and used the presence of orbital horns to distinguish his new species (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46950BFFECCFAE58F7FE94237A" author="Smith, J. L. B." box="[206,365,762,789]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref115467" refString="Smith, J. L. B. (1961 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 4 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., Cape Town, 580 pp." type="book" year="1961">Smith, 1961a</bibRefCitation>
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). However,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46950BFFECCE9C58F7FD41237A" author="Wallace, J. H." box="[508,696,762,789]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref118483" refString="Wallace, J. H. (1967 c) The batoid fishes of the east coast of southern Africa. Part II: manta, eagle, duckbill, cownose, butterfly and sting rays. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 16, 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1967">Wallace (1967c)</bibRefCitation>
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|
reviewed the issue and concluded that the taxonomic value of the horns was dubious and was a secondary sexual characteristic; a conclusion agreed with by contemporary researchers (
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|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46950BFFECCE32594FFDE12333" author="Compagno" box="[338,536,834,860]" firstAuthor="Compagno" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="144 - 147" refId="ref95556" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Pristidae, Narkidae, Rhinobatidae, Myliobatidae, Mobulidae, Dasyatidae, Chimaeridae, Rhinochimaeridae, Callorhinchidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 110 - 142, 144 - 147." type="journal article" year="1986">Compagno, 1986</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46950BFFECCD44594FFCDF2333" author="Compagno" box="[548,806,834,861]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Compagno" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref96138" refString="Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp." type="book" year="1989">
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Compagno
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA5950BFFECCDC6594EFD2E2333" box="[678,727,834,860]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al</emphasis>
|
|
., 1989
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
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|
;
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|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46950BFFECCC52594FFBEC2332" author="White, W. T. & Last, P. R." box="[818,1045,834,861]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="706 - 725" refId="ref119813" refString="White, W. T. & Last, P. R. (2016 a) Eagle rays. Family Myliobatidae. In: Last, P. R., White, W. T., de Carvalho, M. E., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Naylor, G. J. P. (Eds.), Rays of the World. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 706 - 725. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148" type="book chapter" year="2016">White & Last, 2016</bibRefCitation>
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|
). See “Local synonymy” above for full accounting.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8436B7950BFFECCFF75987FDEC23CB" blockId="98.[151,1437,150,933]" box="[151,533,906,933]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
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|
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5950BFFECCFF75987FE7D23CB" bold="true" box="[151,388,906,932]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Conservation status</emphasis>
|
|
: DD (2009).
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|
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |