426 lines
55 KiB
XML
426 lines
55 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="5C03BE283766ED2A4D30484797BDD555">Revision of the African cichlid fish genus Ctenochromis (Teleostei, Cichliformes), including a description of the new genus Shuja from Lake Tanganyika and the new species Ctenochromis scatebra from northern Tanzania</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="358C11E2FC7CBC203D3B3D4CDBE9AA16">Shechonge, Asilatu H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AA9869CA9BC85D6C2F29285F4AB5549C">Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute (TAFIRI) P. O. Box 9750, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CFCCFAFC8A7558464C02D381AD470620">Ngatunga, Benjamin P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D1482F3EA4C075886EA23B250CC11746" type="email">bpngatunga@yahoo.co.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="90E48540EAEAA4BC25337674E7EA4D4E">School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL 57 2 UW, United Kingdom.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="11E52B9A45820819864AE4418A967FC4">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<treatment id="0390B0596037EC2151B3FECD643D365A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6560665" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195349789" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6560665" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8B105DD6-6E73-4679-81D1-1A63CF668E5C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0390B0596037EC2151B3FECD643D365A" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="B94DDD5D6037EC2E51B3FECD67CD320E" bold="true" box="[474,755,302,329]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">Ctenochromis scatebra</emphasis>
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Genner, Ngatunga & Turner
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<paragraph id="8B86014F6037EC2E52BBFE95669332D7" blockId="23.[406,1257,302,400]" box="[722,941,374,400]" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">
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<figureCitation id="13021DCA6037EC2E52BBFE95667D32D7" box="[722,835,374,400]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[227,270,1859,1885]" captionTargetBox="[227,1436,895,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-184@20.[227,1436,895,1805]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 6. a. Ctenochomis pectoralis Pfeffer, 1893, lectotype ZMH402 from Korogwe (imaged by Thilo Weddehage). b. C. pectoralis, paralectotype BMNH 1899.2.27.1 from Korogwe. c. C. pectoralis, ♂ from Ruvu River shortly after capture (part of BMNH 2021.7.15.1-3). d. C. pectoralis, ♂ from Ruvu River preserved state (part of BMNH 2021.7.15.1-3). e. C. scatebra Genner, Ngatunga & Turner sp. nov., ♂ from Chemka Springs shortly after capture (part of BMNH 2021.7.15.1-3). f. C. scatebra sp. nov. holotype BMNH 2021.7.15.4. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6554371" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6554371/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">Figs 6e–f</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13021DCA6037EC2E5326FE9566BB32D7" box="[847,901,374,400]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[227,270,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox="[227,1436,906,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-179@21.[227,1436,906,1824]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 7. Morphologyof Ctenochromis Pfeffer, 1893.a, d, g. Oral teeth.b, e, h. Chest squamation illustrating scale-free patches. c, f, i. Cheek squamation illustrating the reduction in scale number towards the ventral section of the cheek. a–c. Ctenochomis pectoralis Pfeffer, 1893 from Korogwe (paralectotype BMNH 1899.2.27.1); d–f. C. pectoralis from the Ruvu River (part of BMNH 2021.7.15.1-3); g–i. C. scatebra Genner, Ngatunga & Turner sp. nov. from Chemka Springs (holotype BMNH 2021.7.15.4). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6554377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6554377/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">
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–i
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,
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<figureCitation id="13021DCA6037EC2E53F8FE95669332D7" box="[913,941,374,400]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[227,270,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[240,1420,302,1895]" captionTargetId="figure-73@22.[240,1420,302,1895]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 8. Morphology of Ctenochromis Pfeffer, 1893, imaged using x-ray tomography micro CT. a. Ctenochomis pectoralis Pfeffer, 1893, paralectotype BMNH 1899.2.27.1 from Korogwe. b. C. pectoralis from the Ruvu River (part of BMNH 2021.7.15.1-3). c. C. scatebra Genner, Ngatunga & Turner sp. nov., holotype BMNH 2021.7.15.4. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6554383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6554383/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">8c</figureCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C397ACC6037EC2E508AFE54673B3296" ID-CoL="325L5" authorityName="Pfeffer" authorityYear="1893" box="[227,517,439,465]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ctenochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pectoralis">Ctenochromis pectoralis</taxonomicName>
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–
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</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A98275E6037EC2E5249FE5467CE3295" author="de Graaf J." box="[544,752,439,466]" page="38" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" year="2011">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA87CBE6037EC2E5249FE5467CE3295" author="de Graaf J." box="[544,752,439,466]" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" pagination="38 - 39" refId="ref14543" refString="de Graaf J. 2011. The real Ctenochromis pectoralis. Eggspots 5: 38 - 39." type="journal article" year="2011">de Graaf 2011: 38</bibRefCitation>
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(specimens from Chemka Springs). —
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<treatmentCitation id="0A98275E6037EC2E54D5FE5B646532B2" author="Van Heusden H." page="24" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" year="2015">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87CBE6037EC2E54D5FE5B646532B2" author="Van Heusden H." pageId="23" pageNumber="46" pagination="24 - 29" refId="ref17111" refString="Van Heusden H. 2015. Ctenochromis pectoralis: a most mysterious cichlid. Cichlid News 24: 24 - 29." type="journal article" year="2015">van Heusden 2015: 24–27</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 29 (part, specimens from Chemka Springs). —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A98275E6037EC2E53E5FE3861F732B2" author="Schedel F. D. B. & Musilova Z. & Schliewen U. K." box="[908,1225,475,501]" page="27" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" year="2019">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87CBE6037EC2E53E5FE3861F732B2" author="Schedel F. D. B. & Musilova Z. & Schliewen U. K." box="[908,1225,475,501]" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" pagination="94" refId="ref16518" refString="Schedel F. D. B., Musilova Z. & Schliewen U. K. 2019. East African cichlid lineages (Teleostei: Cichlidae) might be older than their ancient host lakes: new divergence estimates for the east African cichlid radiation. BMC Evolutionary Biology 19: 94. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12862 - 019 - 1417 - 0" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Schedel
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DDD5D6037EC2E5398FE3F611232B2" box="[1009,1068,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019: 27–30
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A98275E6037EC2E549FFE3864A9315F" author="Carleton K. L. & Conte M. A. & Malinsky M. & Nandamuri S. P. & Sandkam B. A. & Meier J. I. & Mwaiko S. & Seehausen O. & Kocher T. D." page="4961" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" year="2020">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87CBE6037EC2E549FFE3864A9315F" author="Carleton K. L. & Conte M. A. & Malinsky M. & Nandamuri S. P. & Sandkam B. A. & Meier J. I. & Mwaiko S. & Seehausen O. & Kocher T. D." pageId="23" pageNumber="46" pagination="4956 - 4969" refId="ref14265" refString="Carleton K. L., Conte M. A., Malinsky M., Nandamuri S. P., Sandkam B. A., Meier J. I., Mwaiko S., Seehausen O. & Kocher T. D. 2020. Movement of transposable elements contributes to cichlid diversity. Molecular Ecology 29: 4956 - 4969. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / mec. 15685" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Carleton
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DDD5D6037EC2E550BFE3F60A232B2" box="[1378,1436,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020: 4961
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 4964, fig 2.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86014F6037EC2E508AFDC266A9317C" blockId="23.[227,1437,439,572]" box="[227,919,545,572]" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2926616037EC2E508AFDC266A9317C" box="[227,919,545,572]" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397ACC6037EC2E508AFDC2648F317B" box="[227,433,545,572]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ctenochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DDD5D6037EC2E508AFDC264B6317C" box="[227,392,545,571]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">Ctenochromis</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A98275E6037EC2E51A7FDC267E3317C" author="Kalacska M. & Arroyo-Mora J. P. & Lucanus O. & Kishe-Machumu M. A." box="[462,733,545,571]" page="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" year="2017">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87CBE6037EC2E51A7FDC267E3317C" author="Kalacska M. & Arroyo-Mora J. P. & Lucanus O. & Kishe-Machumu M. A." box="[462,733,545,571]" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" pagination="623" refId="ref15113" refString="Kalacska M., Arroyo-Mora J. P., Lucanus O. & Kishe-Machumu M. A. 2017. Land cover, land use, and climate change impacts on endemic cichlid habitats in northern Tanzania. Remote Sensing 9: 623. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / rs 9060623" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Kalacska
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DDD5D6037EC2E5228FDC16743317C" box="[577,637,545,571]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017: 4
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–6,18, fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1ACAA6037EC2E5332FDC26647317C" box="[859,889,545,571]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" unit="g" value="2.0">2g</quantity>
|
||
–j.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32352C46037EC2E508AFD8064C23019" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86014F6037EC2E508AFD806463313A" blockId="23.[227,349,611,637]" box="[227,349,611,637]" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<heading id="D0CEB6236037EC2E508AFD806463313A" bold="true" box="[227,349,611,637]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DDD5D6037EC2E508AFD806463313A" bold="true" box="[227,349,611,637]" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86014F6037EC2E508AFD7264C23019" blockId="23.[225,1436,657,863]" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397ACC6037EC2E508AFD7264CA31EC" authority="Genner & Hsu & Collins & Smith & Saxon & Shechonge & Ngatunga & Turner, 2022" authorityName="Genner & Hsu & Collins & Smith & Saxon & Shechonge & Ngatunga & Turner" authorityYear="2022" box="[227,500,657,683]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ctenochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scatebra" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DDD5D6037EC2E508AFD7264CA31EC" box="[227,500,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">Ctenochromis scatebra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E60266037EC2E5193FD71676D31EB" box="[506,595,658,684]" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is recognised as a member of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397ACC6037EC2E53C5FD72616F31EC" authorityName="Pfeffer" authorityYear="1893" box="[940,1105,657,683]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ctenochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DDD5D6037EC2E53C5FD72616F31EC" box="[940,1105,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">Ctenochromis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This is because it possesses the diagnostic feature of a sharp break from small anterior scales to large posterior scales between the pectoral and pelvic fins, and it possesses scaleless areas on either side of the chest (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87CBE6037EC2E54D4FD3A60B131B4" author="Greenwood P. H." box="[1213,1423,729,755]" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" pagination="265 - 322" refId="ref14894" refString="Greenwood P. H. 1979. Towards a phyletic classification of the ' genus' Haplochromis (Pisces, Cichlidae) and related taxa. Part I. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology) 35: 265 - 322. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 20455" type="journal article" year="1979">Greenwood 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397ACC6037EC2E516BFD1E64B73051" authority="Genner & Hsu & Collins & Smith & Saxon & Shechonge & Ngatunga & Turner, 2022" authorityName="Genner & Hsu & Collins & Smith & Saxon & Shechonge & Ngatunga & Turner" authorityYear="2022" box="[258,393,764,791]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ctenochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scatebra" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DDD5D6037EC2E516BFD1E64B73051" box="[258,393,764,791]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">C. scatebra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E60266037EC2E51F9FD1E64D43050" box="[400,490,765,791]" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
squamation is absent from the ventral part of the cheek, which is characteristic of the genus
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DDD5D6037EC2E5133FCC36739307D" box="[346,519,800,826]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397ACC6037EC2E5133FCC3673D307D" authorityName="Pfeffer" authorityYear="1893" box="[346,515,800,826]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ctenochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ctenochromis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Mature adult male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397ACC6037EC2E5284FCC26648307D" authority="Genner & Hsu & Collins & Smith & Saxon & Shechonge & Ngatunga & Turner, 2022" authorityName="Genner & Hsu & Collins & Smith & Saxon & Shechonge & Ngatunga & Turner" authorityYear="2022" box="[749,886,800,827]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ctenochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scatebra" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DDD5D6037EC2E5284FCC26648307D" box="[749,886,800,827]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">C. scatebra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E60266037EC2E5317FCC266E6307C" box="[894,984,801,827]" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
possess at least one clear non-ocellate egg spot on the anal fin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32352C46037EC2E508AFC65615930B4" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86014F6037EC2E508AFC65645530E7" blockId="23.[227,363,902,928]" box="[227,363,902,928]" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<heading id="D0CEB6236037EC2E508AFC65645530E7" bold="true" box="[227,363,902,928]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DDD5D6037EC2E508AFC65645530E7" bold="true" box="[227,363,902,928]" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86014F6037EC2E508AFC56615930B4" blockId="23.[227,1436,949,1012]" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">
|
||
The species is named from the Latin noun ‛scatebra’, meaning ‛spring’ or ‛a gush of water from the ground’, referring to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482BFED6037EC2E526FFC39670730B3" box="[518,569,986,1012]" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality which is a spring in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32E41DF6037EC2E539FFC3A615D30B4" box="[1014,1123,985,1011]" name="Tanzania" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32352C46037EC2E508AFBF867E33670" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86014F6037EC2E508AFBF864ED3772" blockId="23.[227,467,1051,1077]" box="[227,467,1051,1077]" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<heading id="D0CEB6236037EC2E508AFBF864ED3772" bold="true" box="[227,467,1051,1077]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DDD5D6037EC2E508AFBF864ED3772" bold="true" box="[227,467,1051,1077]" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86014F6037EC2E5179FBA8648437EB" blockId="23.[224,1436,1099,1196]" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B510B126037EC2E5179FBA8648437EB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3770149303" collectingDate="2015-08-17" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Tanzania" latitude="-3.443" location="Chemka Springs" longLatPrecision="78" longitude="37.194" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" specimenCode="BMNH 2021.7.15.4" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DDD5D6037EC2E5179FBA864BD3722" bold="true" box="[272,387,1099,1125]" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482BFED6037EC2E5179FBA864BD3722" box="[272,387,1099,1125]" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32E41DF6037EC2E508AFB8C644637CE" box="[227,376,1135,1161]" name="Tanzania" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">TANZANIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3FCAC66037EC2E51E3FB8C649E37CE" box="[394,416,1135,1161]" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1ACAA6037EC2E51C6FB8D672B37CE" box="[431,533,1134,1161]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.49" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="54.9">54.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL);
|
||
<location id="8EE657946037EC2E523BFB8D662C37CF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0390B0596037EC2151B3FECD643D365A:8EE657946037EC2E523BFB8D662C37CF" box="[594,786,1134,1160]" country="Tanzania" latitude="-3.443" longLatPrecision="78" longitude="37.194" name="Chemka Springs" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">Chemka Springs</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D67886037EC2E5376FB8D66BD37CF" box="[799,899,1134,1160]" degrees="3.443" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" precision="55" value="-3.443">3.443° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D67886037EC2E53E7FB8D613F37CE" box="[910,1025,1134,1161]" degrees="37.194" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" precision="55" value="37.194">37.194° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="FF87278F6037EC2E5467FB8D619637CE" box="[1038,1192,1134,1161]" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" value="2015-08-17">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC3DE676037EC2E5467FB8D619637CE" box="[1038,1192,1134,1161]" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" value="2015-08-17">17Aug. 2015</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB9FA9346037EC2E54DDFB8C60A237CE" box="[1204,1436,1134,1161]" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">BMNH 2021.7.15.4</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13021DCA6037EC2E5081FB71640137EB" box="[232,319,1170,1196]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[227,270,1859,1885]" captionTargetBox="[227,1436,895,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-184@20.[227,1436,895,1805]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 6. a. Ctenochomis pectoralis Pfeffer, 1893, lectotype ZMH402 from Korogwe (imaged by Thilo Weddehage). b. C. pectoralis, paralectotype BMNH 1899.2.27.1 from Korogwe. c. C. pectoralis, ♂ from Ruvu River shortly after capture (part of BMNH 2021.7.15.1-3). d. C. pectoralis, ♂ from Ruvu River preserved state (part of BMNH 2021.7.15.1-3). e. C. scatebra Genner, Ngatunga & Turner sp. nov., ♂ from Chemka Springs shortly after capture (part of BMNH 2021.7.15.1-3). f. C. scatebra sp. nov. holotype BMNH 2021.7.15.4. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6554371" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6554371/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">Figs 6f</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13021DCA6037EC2E5122FB7164BC37EB" box="[331,386,1170,1196]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[227,270,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox="[227,1436,906,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-179@21.[227,1436,906,1824]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 7. Morphologyof Ctenochromis Pfeffer, 1893.a, d, g. Oral teeth.b, e, h. Chest squamation illustrating scale-free patches. c, f, i. Cheek squamation illustrating the reduction in scale number towards the ventral section of the cheek. a–c. Ctenochomis pectoralis Pfeffer, 1893 from Korogwe (paralectotype BMNH 1899.2.27.1); d–f. C. pectoralis from the Ruvu River (part of BMNH 2021.7.15.1-3); g–i. C. scatebra Genner, Ngatunga & Turner sp. nov. from Chemka Springs (holotype BMNH 2021.7.15.4). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6554377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6554377/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1ACAA6037EC2E5122FB71645737EB" box="[331,361,1170,1196]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="7.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" unit="g" value="7.0">7g</quantity>
|
||
–i
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13021DCA6037EC2E51E7FB71649237EB" box="[398,428,1170,1196]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[227,270,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[240,1420,302,1895]" captionTargetId="figure-73@22.[240,1420,302,1895]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 8. Morphology of Ctenochromis Pfeffer, 1893, imaged using x-ray tomography micro CT. a. Ctenochomis pectoralis Pfeffer, 1893, paralectotype BMNH 1899.2.27.1 from Korogwe. b. C. pectoralis from the Ruvu River (part of BMNH 2021.7.15.1-3). c. C. scatebra Genner, Ngatunga & Turner sp. nov., holotype BMNH 2021.7.15.4. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6554383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6554383/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">8c</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86014F6037EC2E5179FB3767E33670" blockId="23.[227,1436,1236,1335]" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B510B126037EC2E5179FB3767E73670" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3770149301" collectingDate="2015-08-17" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Tanzania" latitude="-3.443" location="TANZANIA" longLatPrecision="78" longitude="37.194" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" specimenCode="BMNH 2021.7.15.5, BMNH 2021.7.15.13" specimenCount="9" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DDD5D6037EC2E5179FB3764B137A9" bold="true" box="[272,399,1236,1262]" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482BFED6037EC2E5179FB3764B137A9" box="[272,399,1236,1262]" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32E41DF6037EC2E508AFB1B64463655" box="[227,376,1272,1298]" name="Tanzania" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">TANZANIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3FCAC66037EC2E51FFFB1B670C3655" box="[406,562,1272,1298]" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">9 individuals</specimenCount>
|
||
(between 33.8 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1ACAA6037EC2E534FFB1B66AD3654" box="[806,915,1272,1299]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.91" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="59.1">59.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL); same collection data as for holotype;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB9FA9346037EC2E508AFAFF64F03670" box="[227,462,1308,1335]" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">BMNH 2021.7.15.5</specimenCode>
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB9FA9346037EC2E51B4FAFF67E73670" box="[477,729,1308,1335]" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">BMNH 2021.7.15.13</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32352C46037EC21508AFABD64DB3290" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86014F6037EC2E508AFABD644B363F" blockId="23.[227,373,1374,1400]" box="[227,373,1374,1400]" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<heading id="D0CEB6236037EC2E508AFABD644B363F" bold="true" box="[227,373,1374,1400]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DDD5D6037EC2E508AFABD644B363F" bold="true" box="[227,373,1374,1400]" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86014F6037EC2E508AFA6E67643581" blockId="23.[226,1438,1421,1734]" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482BFED6037EC2E508AFA6E646E36E0" box="[227,336,1421,1447]" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482BFED6037EC2E51E4FA6D64CC36EF" box="[397,498,1422,1448]" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
measurements in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6BB34F46037EC2E52A2FA6E661836E0" box="[715,806,1421,1447]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="13.[223,293,604,632]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Table 3 (continued on next page). Morphometric measurements and meristics of the populations of Ctenochromis Pfeffer, 1893 used in this study from the Pangani Catchment, the measurements are presented as absolute measurements (in mm), and as percentages of standard length (SL) or head length (HL)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4651C7602DEC3450B6FDBF644C31F8" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" tableUuid="DF4651C7602DEC3450B6FDBF644C31F8">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
. Body laterally compressed, deeper than wide. Head (lateral view) slightly convex between eye and dorsal fin. Snout straight in lateral view, rounded in dorsal view. Mouth retrognathus. Lips slightly thickened, equally developed. Teeth in outer row primarily unicuspid, widened (shovel shaped), often slanted. Side teeth in outer row unequally bicuspid and pointed. Teeth in inner rows small, in fleshy tissue. Pectoral fin origin above dorsal fin origin, pelvic fin origin slightly more anterior. Caudal-peduncle longer than deep (caudal-peduncle depth 62.0–83.4% of caudal-peduncle length). Scales ctenoid on flanks. Scales cycloid on head, between pectoral fin and anal fin, along dorsal-fin base. Scales absent from chest. Lateral-line scales 15–21/7–11, Dorsal fin XIV–XV, 8–9, Anal fin III, 7–8.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86014F6037EC2E508AF90D6402344F" blockId="23.[227,316,1774,1800]" box="[227,316,1774,1800]" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<heading id="D0CEB6236037EC2E508AF90D6402344F" bold="true" box="[227,316,1774,1800]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DDD5D6037EC2E508AF90D6402344F" bold="true" box="[227,316,1774,1800]" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">Colour</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86014F6037EC2E508AF8FE60A33B49" blockId="23.[226,1437,1821,2063]" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Live colouration from images of live specimens in natural habitat (Schedel 2019). Mature males: dorsal body grey-blue, flanks lighter than dorsal with blueish sheen. Depending on mood, a very faint midline stripe and 4–5 very faint vertical bars present. Head dark grey-blue, blue sheen below and posterior to eye. Blue tinge to lower lip. Dorsal fin grey-blue with orange-red lappets, red posteriorly. Pectoral fins black. Pelvic fins with red base. Anal fin grey/blue, red posteriorly, with one or two (rarely three) non-ocellate egg spots (multiple spots tightly packed). Caudal fin light grey-blue, with red tinges at the dorsal and ventral tips. Euthanised fish: colours darker (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13021DCA6037EC2E53E3F81766DA3B48" box="[906,996,2036,2063]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[227,270,1859,1885]" captionTargetBox="[227,1436,895,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-184@20.[227,1436,895,1805]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 6. a. Ctenochomis pectoralis Pfeffer, 1893, lectotype ZMH402 from Korogwe (imaged by Thilo Weddehage). b. C. pectoralis, paralectotype BMNH 1899.2.27.1 from Korogwe. c. C. pectoralis, ♂ from Ruvu River shortly after capture (part of BMNH 2021.7.15.1-3). d. C. pectoralis, ♂ from Ruvu River preserved state (part of BMNH 2021.7.15.1-3). e. C. scatebra Genner, Ngatunga & Turner sp. nov., ♂ from Chemka Springs shortly after capture (part of BMNH 2021.7.15.1-3). f. C. scatebra sp. nov. holotype BMNH 2021.7.15.4. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6554371" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6554371/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="46">Fig. 6e</figureCitation>
|
||
). Females and subadult males: flank
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86014F6038EC21508AFECC64DB3290" blockId="24.[227,1438,303,471]" pageId="24" pageNumber="47">
|
||
grey-brown base colour, white ventrally. Fins uniformly light grey-brown. Flank with 6–8 irregularly shaped and irregularly spaced vertical bars, alongside partially complete midlateral and dorsolateral stripes. Bar and stripe patterns variable among individuals, faded in some specimens (photo in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87CBE6038EC21551BFE9464AC32F3" author="Van Heusden H." pageId="24" pageNumber="47" pagination="24 - 29" refId="ref17111" refString="Van Heusden H. 2015. Ctenochromis pectoralis: a most mysterious cichlid. Cichlid News 24: 24 - 29." type="journal article" year="2015">van Heusden 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Preserved coloration: in ethanol brown or beige. Male non-ocellate egg spots on anal fin sometimes visible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32352C46038EC21508AFE1C67FA31F4" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86014F6038EC21508AFE1C6440315E" blockId="24.[227,382,511,537]" box="[227,382,511,537]" pageId="24" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<heading id="D0CEB6236038EC21508AFE1C6440315E" bold="true" box="[227,382,511,537]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DDD5D6038EC21508AFE1C6440315E" bold="true" box="[227,382,511,537]" pageId="24" pageNumber="47">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86014F6038EC21508AFDCD67FA31F4" blockId="24.[227,1437,558,692]" pageId="24" pageNumber="47">The species is restricted to Chemka Springs and the surrounding water bodies immediately adjacent to the Springs. Water from Chemka Springs flows southwards into the Kikuletwa River towards Nyumba ya Mungu Reservoir. Surveys are needed further downstream from the site of the spring, into the river, to determine the full species distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32352C46038EC21508AFD38672630F5" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86014F6038EC21508AFD38644831B2" blockId="24.[227,374,731,757]" box="[227,374,731,757]" pageId="24" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<heading id="D0CEB6236038EC21508AFD38644831B2" bold="true" box="[227,374,731,757]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DDD5D6038EC21508AFD38644831B2" bold="true" box="[227,374,731,757]" pageId="24" pageNumber="47">Life history</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86014F6038EC21508AFCE9672630F5" blockId="24.[226,1436,778,946]" pageId="24" pageNumber="47">
|
||
The species has been observed feeding upon epilithic and epiphytic algae in Chemka Springs, as well as sifting soft sediment (Schedel 2019), and pecking on skin of swimmers. The species is therefore most likely an omnivorous generalist. Only two other fish species are known from Chemka Springs,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397ACC6038EC21553BFCB2676D30C8" authority="(Ruppell, 1835)" baseAuthorityName="Ruppell" baseAuthorityYear="1835" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dembeensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DDD5D6038EC21553BFCB260A2302C" box="[1362,1436,849,875]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="47">Garra</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DDD5D6038EC215160FC9664AC30C8" box="[265,402,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="47">dembeensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Rüppell, 1835)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397ACC6038EC2152E4FC96610430C8" authority="(Burchell, 1822)" baseAuthorityName="Burchell" baseAuthorityYear="1822" box="[653,1082,885,911]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Clariidae" genus="Clarias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gariepinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DDD5D6038EC2152E4FC96665330C9" box="[653,877,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="47">Clarias gariepinus</emphasis>
|
||
(Burchell, 1822)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The water maintains a steady 28.4°C (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87CBE6038EC21512CFC7B673230F5" author="Rohr P. C. & Ngana J. & Killingtveit A." box="[325,524,920,946]" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" pagination="265 - 272" refId="ref16187" refString="Rohr P. C., Ngana J. & Killingtveit A. 2002. Investigations of Chemka Spring, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania. In: Ngana J. O. (ed.) Water Resources Management: the Case of the Pangani River Basin: Issues and Approaches: 265 - 272. Dar es Salaam University Press, Dar es Salaam." type="book chapter" year="2002">
|
||
Røhr
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DDD5D6038EC2151E0FC7A64FA30F5" box="[393,452,920,946]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32352C46038EC21508AFC39643D365A" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86014F6038EC21508AFC39646830B3" blockId="24.[227,342,986,1012]" box="[227,342,986,1012]" pageId="24" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<heading id="D0CEB6236038EC21508AFC39646830B3" bold="true" box="[227,342,986,1012]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DDD5D6038EC21508AFC39646830B3" bold="true" box="[227,342,986,1012]" pageId="24" pageNumber="47">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86014F6038EC21508AFBEA643D365A" blockId="24.[225,1437,1033,1309]" pageId="24" pageNumber="47">
|
||
Phylogenetic analyses, based on genome-wide genetic markers, place
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397ACC6038EC215447FBE961863764" authority="Genner & Hsu & Collins & Smith & Saxon & Shechonge & Ngatunga & Turner, 2022" authorityName="Genner & Hsu & Collins & Smith & Saxon & Shechonge & Ngatunga & Turner" authorityYear="2022" box="[1070,1208,1033,1060]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ctenochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scatebra" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DDD5D6038EC215447FBE961863764" box="[1070,1208,1033,1060]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="47">C. scatebra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E60266038EC2154D6FBE960223763" box="[1215,1308,1034,1060]" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
as a sister to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482BFED6038EC215159FBCE645D3700" box="[304,355,1069,1095]" pageId="24" pageNumber="47">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397ACC6038EC2151ACFBCE67633700" authorityName="Pfeffer" authorityYear="1893" box="[453,605,1069,1095]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ctenochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pectoralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DDD5D6038EC2151ACFBCE67633700" box="[453,605,1069,1095]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="47">C. pectoralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13021DCA6038EC215206FBCE67863700" box="[623,696,1069,1095]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[227,270,1789,1815]" captionTargetBox="[235,1431,303,1740]" captionTargetId="figure-131@16.[235,1431,302,1741]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 4. Phylogenetic reconstructions of representatives of populations of Ctenochromis Pfeffer, 1893, as well as representatives of the Lake Malawi haplochromine radiation, and the Lake Tanganyika Tropheini Poll, 1986. a. Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic reconstruction based on 11 288 SNPs. b. Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic reconstruction based on 1047 basepairs of the entired NADH2 mtDNA gene. In both trees, numbers on branches indicate percentage bootstrap support, and branches with> 70% support are shown. The scale bars represent a measure of genetic distance. See Table 1 for sampling details. Collection localities are in parentheses. Samples from Nyumba ya Mungu have accessions EU753938 and EU753939 and are from Koblmüller et al. (2008)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6554363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6554363/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="47">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397ACC6038EC21531EFBCE66C13700" authority="Genner & Hsu & Collins & Smith & Saxon & Shechonge & Ngatunga & Turner, 2022" authorityName="Genner & Hsu & Collins & Smith & Saxon & Shechonge & Ngatunga & Turner" authorityYear="2022" box="[887,1023,1069,1095]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ctenochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scatebra" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DDD5D6038EC21531EFBCE66C13700" box="[887,1023,1069,1095]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="47">C. scatebra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E60266038EC21546EFBCE615C3700" box="[1031,1122,1069,1095]" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397ACC6038EC21508DFBB26445372D" authorityName="Pfeffer" authorityYear="1893" box="[228,379,1104,1131]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ctenochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pectoralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DDD5D6038EC21508DFBB26445372D" box="[228,379,1104,1131]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="47">C. pectoralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on two aspects of trophic morphology: 1)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397ACC6038EC2153D3FBB2617F372D" authority="Genner & Hsu & Collins & Smith & Saxon & Shechonge & Ngatunga & Turner, 2022" authorityName="Genner & Hsu & Collins & Smith & Saxon & Shechonge & Ngatunga & Turner" authorityYear="2022" box="[954,1089,1104,1131]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ctenochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scatebra" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DDD5D6038EC2153D3FBB2617F372D" box="[954,1089,1104,1131]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="47">C. scatebra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E60266038EC215420FBB2619A372C" box="[1097,1188,1105,1131]" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
has front teeth in the outer row on both jaws that are primarily unicuspid, widened (shovel shaped) and often slanted (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13021DCA6038EC215550FB9760B037C8" box="[1337,1422,1140,1167]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[227,270,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox="[227,1436,906,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-179@21.[227,1436,906,1824]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 7. Morphologyof Ctenochromis Pfeffer, 1893.a, d, g. Oral teeth.b, e, h. Chest squamation illustrating scale-free patches. c, f, i. Cheek squamation illustrating the reduction in scale number towards the ventral section of the cheek. a–c. Ctenochomis pectoralis Pfeffer, 1893 from Korogwe (paralectotype BMNH 1899.2.27.1); d–f. C. pectoralis from the Ruvu River (part of BMNH 2021.7.15.1-3); g–i. C. scatebra Genner, Ngatunga & Turner sp. nov. from Chemka Springs (holotype BMNH 2021.7.15.4). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6554377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6554377/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="47">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1ACAA6038EC215507FB9660B037C8" box="[1390,1422,1141,1167]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="7.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" unit="g" value="7.0">7g</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), while side teeth in the outer row are unequally bicuspid and pointed; by contrast all front and side teeth in the outer row of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397ACC6038EC2151A6FB5F67563792" authorityName="Pfeffer" authorityYear="1893" box="[463,616,1211,1238]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ctenochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pectoralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DDD5D6038EC2151A6FB5F67563792" box="[463,616,1211,1238]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="47">C. pectoralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are all unequally bicuspid and pointed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13021DCA6038EC215420FB5861FE3791" box="[1097,1216,1211,1238]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[227,270,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox="[227,1436,906,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-179@21.[227,1436,906,1824]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 7. Morphologyof Ctenochromis Pfeffer, 1893.a, d, g. Oral teeth.b, e, h. Chest squamation illustrating scale-free patches. c, f, i. Cheek squamation illustrating the reduction in scale number towards the ventral section of the cheek. a–c. Ctenochomis pectoralis Pfeffer, 1893 from Korogwe (paralectotype BMNH 1899.2.27.1); d–f. C. pectoralis from the Ruvu River (part of BMNH 2021.7.15.1-3); g–i. C. scatebra Genner, Ngatunga & Turner sp. nov. from Chemka Springs (holotype BMNH 2021.7.15.4). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6554377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6554377/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="47">Fig. 7a, d</figureCitation>
|
||
); 2)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397ACC6038EC215493FB58647637BE" authority="Genner & Hsu & Collins & Smith & Saxon & Shechonge & Ngatunga & Turner, 2022" authorityName="Genner & Hsu & Collins & Smith & Saxon & Shechonge & Ngatunga & Turner" authorityYear="2022" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ctenochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scatebra" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DDD5D6038EC215493FB58647637BE" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="47">Ctenochromis scatebra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E60266038EC215126FB3C649437BE" box="[335,426,1247,1273]" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
has a retrognathus jaw, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397ACC6038EC215366FB3C669937BE" authorityName="Pfeffer" authorityYear="1893" box="[783,935,1247,1273]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ctenochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pectoralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DDD5D6038EC215366FB3C669937BE" box="[783,935,1247,1273]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="47">C. pectoralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a marginally prognathous jaw (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13021DCA6038EC215522FB3C60A937BE" box="[1355,1431,1247,1273]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[227,270,1859,1885]" captionTargetBox="[227,1436,895,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-184@20.[227,1436,895,1805]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 6. a. Ctenochomis pectoralis Pfeffer, 1893, lectotype ZMH402 from Korogwe (imaged by Thilo Weddehage). b. C. pectoralis, paralectotype BMNH 1899.2.27.1 from Korogwe. c. C. pectoralis, ♂ from Ruvu River shortly after capture (part of BMNH 2021.7.15.1-3). d. C. pectoralis, ♂ from Ruvu River preserved state (part of BMNH 2021.7.15.1-3). e. C. scatebra Genner, Ngatunga & Turner sp. nov., ♂ from Chemka Springs shortly after capture (part of BMNH 2021.7.15.1-3). f. C. scatebra sp. nov. holotype BMNH 2021.7.15.4. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6554371" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6554371/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="47">Figs 6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13021DCA6038EC21508AFAE065CD365A" box="[227,243,1283,1309]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[227,270,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[240,1420,302,1895]" captionTargetId="figure-73@22.[240,1420,302,1895]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 8. Morphology of Ctenochromis Pfeffer, 1893, imaged using x-ray tomography micro CT. a. Ctenochomis pectoralis Pfeffer, 1893, paralectotype BMNH 1899.2.27.1 from Korogwe. b. C. pectoralis from the Ruvu River (part of BMNH 2021.7.15.1-3). c. C. scatebra Genner, Ngatunga & Turner sp. nov., holotype BMNH 2021.7.15.4. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6554383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6554383/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="47">8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |