467 lines
59 KiB
XML
467 lines
59 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="B1CABB1F92A3743D68B6E54959E6B372">Revision of the South American species of Austrothaumalea Tonnoir (Diptera Thaumaleidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FBE33AA347F8461C71030DA5D2AF635D">Pivar, Robert J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5914B457E04501C18E9C83C4E4A84C20">The University of Tennessee, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, 2505 E. J. Chapman Drive, 370 Plant Biotechnology Building, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, U. S. A. & robertjpivar @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2642 - 0524</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FBCC08F514BFF6C4365C248F2D4AE86F">Sinclair, Bradley J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DA2417B886180BD103863F52A2777018">Canadian National Collection of Insects and Canadian Food Inspection Agency, K. W. Neatby Building, C. E. F., 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K 1 A 0 C 6. bradley. sinclair @ canada. ca; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6413 - 1606</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D62048FAA36DEA5F3A57361D8728C8BB" type="email">bradley.sinclair@canada.ca</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="2BD43EAD13171CFE3ABC8BBB4D4F7971">Moulton, John K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4B08460516E3DA48BF40434B64348B55">The University of Tennessee, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, 2505 E. J. Chapman Drive, 370 Plant Biotechnology Building, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, U. S. A. & jmoulton @ utk. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8760 - 3274</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="0752C0004D9940EC8F8C3135F8415C18">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="038F6D29FFC2FFAD85DBF971FE971793" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4410961" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177255634" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4410961" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F6D29FFC2FFAD85DBF971FE971793" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F6D29FFC2FFAD85DBF971FE971793" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="522" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">
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<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFC2FFAB85DBF971FDD316BB" blockId="11.[151,582,1698,1761]" box="[151,582,1698,1725]" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">
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<heading id="D0D16B53FFC2FFAB85DBF971FDD316BB" bold="true" box="[151,582,1698,1725]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFC2FFAB85DBF971FDD316BB" ID-CoL="67ZC8" authority="Schmid" authorityName="Schmid. The" authorityYear="1970" box="[151,582,1698,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulata">
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<emphasis id="B952002DFFC2FFAB85DBF971FE7516BA" bold="true" box="[151,480,1698,1725]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">Austrothaumalea spatulata</emphasis>
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Schmid
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33C8FB4FFC2FFAB85DBF914FDAB16E6" box="[151,574,1734,1761]" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFC2FFAB85DBF914FDAB16E6" blockId="11.[151,582,1698,1761]" box="[151,574,1734,1761]" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">
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(
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<figureCitation id="131DC0BAFFC2FFAB85D3F914FF7D16E6" box="[159,232,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1958,1982]" captionTargetBox="[155,1409,1325,1933]" captionTargetId="figure-62@2.[155,1431,1325,1934]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Left wing of Austrothaumalea spatulata. Abbreviations: C, costa, CuA sp, anterior branch of cubital vein and spur; M, medial veins; m-cu, medial-cubital crossvein; R, radial veins; r-m, radial-medial crossvein; Sc, subcosta. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411064" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411064/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">Figs 2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131DC0BAFFC2FFAB85B8F914FE8216E6" box="[244,279,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1622,1646]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,669,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-267@4.[151,1436,669,1599]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Adult habitus photographs of Austrothaumalea, lateral view. A, A. apicalis (♂); B, A. spatulata (♂); C, A. chilensis (♂); D, A. fredericki sp. nov. (♂); E, A. setipennis stat. rev. (♀). R2+3, second + third radial vein. Scale bars = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411066/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">3B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131DC0BAFFC2FFAB846EF914FED116E6" box="[290,324,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,197,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1882]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ventral views of male Austrothaumalea terminalia. A, A. apicalis; B, A. chilensis; C, A. fredericki sp.nov.; D, A. setipennis stat. rev.; E, A. spatulata. Abbreviations: c, cercus; gcx, gonocoxite; gcxP, gonocoxal plate; gst, gonostylus; hypd, hypandrium; pm, paramere.Arrow denotes apical epandrial projection. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411068/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">4E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131DC0BAFFC2FFAB841CF915FEE416E6" box="[336,369,1734,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,280,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-79@8.[151,1436,273,1870]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Lateral views of male Austrothaumalea terminalia. A, A. apicalis; B, A. chilensis; C, A. fredericki sp. nov.; D, A. setipennis stat. rev.; E, A. spatulata. Abbreviations: c, cercus; epand, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gcxP, gonocoxal plate; gst, gonostylus; hypd, hypandrium; pm, paramere. Arrow denotes apical epandrial projection. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411070/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">5E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131DC0BAFFC2FFAB8431F914FE3416E6" box="[381,417,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[174,1435,208,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-30@10.[151,1436,181,1850]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ventral views of female Austrothaumalea terminalia. A, A. apicalis; B, A. chilensis; C, A. setipennis stat. rev.; D, A. spatulata. Abbreviations: c, cercus; gen fk, genital fork; hypct, hypoproct; hyp vlv, hypogynial valve; lat arm, lateral arms; spthc, spermatheca.. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411072" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411072/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">6D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131DC0BAFFC2FFAB84E1F914FE4416E6" box="[429,465,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1848,1872]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1817]" captionTargetId="figure-106@12.[151,1436,345,1825]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Lateral views of female Austrothaumalea terminalia. A, A. apicalis; B, A. chilensis; C, A. setipennis stat. rev.; D, A. spatulata. Abbreviations: c, cercus; gen fk, genital fork; hypct, hypoproct; hyp vlv, hypogynial valve; lat arm, lateral arm; spthc p, spermathecal pump. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411074" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411074/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">7D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131DC0BAFFC2FFAB8491F914FE7916E6" box="[477,492,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1281,1305]" captionTargetBox="[275,1311,181,1258]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[275,1311,181,1258]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Known distribution of South American Austrothaumalea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411076/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">8</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131DC0BAFFC2FFAB84B5F914FDA316E6" box="[505,566,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1602,1626]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,344,1578]" captionTargetId="figure-93@15.[151,1436,344,1578]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Examples of Austrothaumalea habitats in Chile. A, rock face seep where A. chilensis and A. setipennis stat. rev. were collected (38°13′20.3″S 71°44′41.1″W); B, collection site of A. fredericki sp.nov. (41°08.47′S 72°35.28′W); C, collection site of A. spatulata (34°59′48.8″S 70°48′37.0″W); D, northernmost collection site of A. spatulata in the Chilean Matorral, inset showing small trickle of water where specimen was collected (34°46′29.2″S 70°40′03.9″W)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411078/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">9C,D</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33C8FB4FFC2FFAB85DBF8D8FBBF1778" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFC2FFAB85DBF8D8FDE21724" blockId="11.[151,1436,1803,1919]" box="[151,631,1803,1827]" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB36FB11FFC2FFAB85DBF8D8FDE21724" box="[151,631,1803,1827]" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A87FA2EFFC2FFAB85DBF8D8FDE61724" author="Schmid, F." box="[151,627,1803,1827]" page="501" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" year="1970">
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<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFC2FFAB85DBF8D8FDE61724" ID-CoL="67ZC8" authority="Schmid, 1970: 501" authorityName="Schmid. The" authorityPageNumber="501" authorityYear="1970" box="[151,627,1803,1827]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulata">
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<emphasis id="B952002DFFC2FFAB85DBF8D8FE3C1724" box="[151,425,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">Austrothaumalea spatulata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7A1CEFFC2FFAB84FCF8D8FDE61724" author="Schmid, F." box="[432,627,1803,1827]" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" pagination="499 - 510" refId="ref10584" refString="Schmid, F. (1970) Quelques Thaumaleides nouvelle ou peu connues (Diptera, Thaumaleidae). Le Naturaliste Canadien, 97, 499 - 510." type="journal article" year="1970">Schmid, 1970: 501</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFC2FFAB85DBF8F9FCD81767" blockId="11.[151,1436,1803,1919]" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">
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Other references:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7A1CEFFC2FFAB8407F8F9FD9C1745" author="Arnaud Jr., P. H." box="[331,521,1834,1858]" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" pagination="283 - 285" refId="ref9820" refString="Arnaud Jr., P. H. (1977) Thaumaleidae. In: Hurlbert, S. H. (Ed.), Biota Acuatica de Sudamerica Austral. San Diego State University, San Diego, California, pp. 283 - 285." type="book chapter" year="1977">Arnaud, 1977: 284</bibRefCitation>
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||
(distribution);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7A1CEFFC2FFAB87EDF8F9FCC51745" author="Cooper, B. E." box="[673,848,1834,1858]" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" refId="ref10007" refString="Cooper, B. E. (1991) Diptera types in the Canadian National Collection of Insects. Part 1. Nematocera. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Publication 1845 B. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, 113 pp." type="book" year="1991">Cooper, 1991: 79</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(CNC
|
||
<typeStatus id="549D629DFFC2FFAB86D5F8F9FC501745" box="[921,965,1834,1858]" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">type</typeStatus>
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||
catalogue);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7A1CEFFC2FFAB810DF8F9FA941745" author="Sinclair, B. J." box="[1089,1281,1834,1858]" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" pagination="491 - 499" refId="ref10646" refString="Sinclair, B. J. (1992) A new species of Trichothaumalea (Diptera: Thaumaleidae) from eastern North America and a discussion of male genitalic homologies. The Canadian Entomologist, 124, 491 - 499. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 124491 - 3" type="journal article" year="1992">Sinclair, 1992: 492</bibRefCitation>
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||
(male terminalia studied);
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7A1CEFFC2FFAB8409F89BFDAE1767" author="Theischinger, G." box="[325,571,1864,1888]" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" pagination="291 - 317" refId="ref10993" refString="Theischinger, G. (1986) Australian Thaumaleidae (Insecta: Diptera). Records of the Australian Museum, 38, 291 - 317. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.38.1986.184" type="journal article" year="1986">Theischinger, 1986: 316</bibRefCitation>
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||
(phylogenetic discussion).
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFC2FFAB85DBF8B4FBBF1778" blockId="11.[151,1436,1803,1919]" box="[151,1066,1895,1919]" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB36FB11FFC2FFAB85DBF8B4FBBF1778" box="[151,1066,1895,1919]" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">
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<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFC2FFAB85DBF8B4FE781778" authority="Schmid" authorityName="Schmid" box="[151,493,1895,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatula">
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<emphasis id="B952002DFFC2FFAB85DBF8B4FE031778" box="[151,406,1895,1919]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">Austrothaumalea spatula</emphasis>
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||
Schmid
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A87FA2EFFC2FFAB84BBF8B4FD271778" author="Sinclair, B. J." box="[503,690,1895,1919]" page="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" year="2008">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7A1CEFFC2FFAB84BBF8B4FD271778" author="Sinclair, B. J." box="[503,690,1895,1919]" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref10816" refString="Sinclair, B. J. (2008 b) New species of Austrothaumalea Tonnoir from Australia (Diptera: Thaumaleidae). Records of the Austra- lian Museum, 60, 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.60.2008.1490" type="journal article" year="2008">Sinclair 2008b: 12</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC2FFAB878DF8B4FCD21778" box="[705,839,1895,1919]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">lapsis calami</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFC2FFAB8618F8B4FC1C1778" ID-CoL="67ZBS" authorityName="Theischinger" authorityYear="1986" box="[852,905,1895,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fusca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC2FFAB8618F8B4FC1C1778" box="[852,905,1895,1919]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">fusca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33C8FB4FFC2FFAC85DBF87EFAE71146" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="521" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFC2FFAC85DBF87EFBAC10FE" blockId="11.[151,1436,1965,2028]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,150,321]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="521" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC2FFAB85DBF87EFE5317C0" bold="true" box="[151,454,1965,1991]" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">Type material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4ED662FFC2FFAC849CF87EFB5710B6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3031308317" collectingDate="1964-01" collectionCode="CNC" collectorName="L. Pena" country="Chile" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="521" location="Estero la Jaula" municipality="Curico" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" specimenCode="CNC/ 803775" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC2FFAB849CF87EFDD317C0" bold="true" box="[464,582,1965,1991]" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549D629DFFC2FFAB849CF87EFDD417C0" box="[464,577,1965,1991]" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2017B6FFC2FFAB871DF87DFDFD17CF" box="[593,616,1966,1992]" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, minuten pinned, with abdomen mounted in resin below specimen, labelled: “
|
||
<location id="8EF98AE4FFC2FFAB85BFF802FE0317EC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F6D29FFC2FFAD85DBF971FE971793:8EF98AE4FFC2FFAB85BFF802FE0317EC" box="[243,406,2001,2027]" country="Chile" municipality="Curico" name="Estero la Jaula" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">Estero la Jaula</location>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFD4645FFC2FFAB84E8F802FE6617EC" box="[420,499,2001,2027]" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">Curico</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3319CAFFFC2FFAB84B1F802FDDA17EC" box="[509,591,2001,2027]" name="Chile" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">CHILE</collectingCountry>
|
||
/
|
||
<date id="FF98FAFFFFC2FFAB8711F802FD3217EC" box="[605,679,2001,2027]" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" value="1964-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDC0317FFC2FFAB8711F802FD3217EC" box="[605,679,2001,2027]" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" value="1964-01">I.1964</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D3B9E9FFC2FFAB87FEF801FC9317EC" box="[690,774,2001,2028]" pageId="11" pageNumber="520">L. Pena</collectorName>
|
||
/ Nothofagus”; “
|
||
<typeStatus id="549D629DFFC2FFAB86F6F802FBC517EC" box="[954,1104,2001,2027]" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
/ CNCNo. 11,305/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFC2FFAC806CF802FEDD10B6" authority="Schm." authorityName="Schm." class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Thaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="521" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="520" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulata">Thaumalea spatulata Schm.</taxonomicName>
|
||
[red label]”; “
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB807444FFC5FFAC84A9FF44FD1210B6" box="[485,647,150,177]" collectionCode="CNC" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">CNC/ 803775</specimenCode>
|
||
” [genitalia dissected, slide mounted below] (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3744FAFFC5FFAC8136FF44FB2C10B6" box="[1146,1209,151,177]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">CNC</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4ED662FFC5FFAC8180FF45FD7D10D2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3031308325" collectingDate="1964-01" collectionCode="CNC" collectorName="L. Pena" country="Chile" location="Estero la Jaula" municipality="Curico" pageId="12" pageNumber="521" specimenCode="CNC 803775" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="allotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC5FFAC8180FF45FAAF10B7" bold="true" box="[1228,1338,150,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549D629DFFC5FFAC8180FF45FAA010B7" box="[1228,1333,150,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="521" type="allotype">Allotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2017B6FFC5FFAC800CFF44FAC010B6" box="[1344,1365,151,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="521" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, same label data as holotype, except,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB807444FFC5FFAC84B5FF68FD0510D2" box="[505,656,186,213]" collectionCode="CNC" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">CNC 803775</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3744FAFFC5FFAC87EDFF68FD7510D2" box="[673,736,187,213]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">CNC</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4ED662FFC5FFAC87B9FF68FB7A10D1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3031308320" box="[757,1263,187,214]" collectionCode="VI" country="Chile" location="Region" pageId="12" pageNumber="521" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC5FFAC87B9FF68FCE310D2" bold="true" box="[757,886,187,213]" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549D629DFFC5FFAC87B9FF68FCE410D2" box="[757,881,187,213]" pageId="12" pageNumber="521" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3319CAFFFC5FFAC8633FF68FC4310D2" box="[895,982,187,213]" name="Chile" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">CHILE</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="8EF98AE4FFC5FFAC86AEFF68FBA610D2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F6D29FFC2FFAD85DBF971FE971793:8EF98AE4FFC5FFAC86AEFF68FBA610D2" box="[994,1075,187,213]" country="Chile" name="Region" pageId="12" pageNumber="521" stateProvince="Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins">Region</location>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3744FAFFC5FFAC8177FF68FBCC10D2" box="[1083,1113,187,213]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">VI</collectionCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E212DDFFC5FFAC8126FF68FB7210D1" box="[1130,1255,187,214]" country="Chile" name="Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">O’Higgins</collectingRegion>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4ED662FFC5FFAC81B7FF68FBA010FE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3031308321" collectionCode="CNC" country="Chile" elevation="1100" pageId="12" pageNumber="521" specimenCode="CNC #11.035" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
Bosque de los Conservadores Graneros, 1–4-III-62,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE71DAFFC5FFAC8770FF0CFD0710FE" box="[572,658,223,249]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="12" pageNumber="521" unit="m" value="1100.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000B3B0CFFC5FFAC8770FF0CFD0710FE" box="[572,658,223,249]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="12" pageNumber="521" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, Pena,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB807444FFC5FFAC87AEFF0CFCE810FE" box="[738,893,222,249]" collectionCode="CNC" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">CNC #11.035</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2017B6FFC5FFAC86C2FF0CFC2710FE" box="[910,946,223,249]" pageId="12" pageNumber="521" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2017B6FFC5FFAC86F2FF0CFC7410FE" box="[958,993,223,249]" pageId="12" pageNumber="521" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3744FAFFC5FFAC86A3FF0CFBB810FE" box="[1007,1069,223,249]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">CNC</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFC5FFAC858BFED1FAE71146" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,321]" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC5FFAC858BFED1FEC8111B" bold="true" box="[199,349,258,284]" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">Recognition.</emphasis>
|
||
The quadrate apex of its parameres and the quadrate posterior margin of the gonocoxal plate are key characteristics for recognizing this species. It lacks the posterior epandrial projections found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFC5FFAC81BFFEF4FAFE1146" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1930" box="[1267,1387,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="521" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC5FFAC81BFFEF4FAFE1146" box="[1267,1387,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">A. apicalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF598CB7FFC5FFAC85DBF8EBFD03179F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411074" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4411074" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411074/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="521" startId="12.[151,250,1848,1872]" targetBox="[151,1436,345,1817]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFC5FFAC85DBF8EBFD03179F" blockId="12.[151,1436,1848,1944]" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC5FFAC85DBF8EBFE861757" bold="true" box="[151,275,1848,1872]" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral views of female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFC5FFAC875DF8EBFD2A1757" authorityName="Tonnoir. Two" authorityYear="1927" box="[529,703,1848,1872]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="521" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC5FFAC875DF8EBFD2A1757" box="[529,703,1848,1872]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">Austrothaumalea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
terminalia.
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC5FFAC8675F8EBFCC41757" bold="true" box="[825,849,1848,1872]" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">A,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFC5FFAC8614F8EAFC511757" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1930" box="[856,964,1848,1872]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="521" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC5FFAC8614F8EAFC511757" box="[856,964,1848,1872]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">A. apicalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC5FFAC869EF8EBFC7C1757" bold="true" box="[978,1001,1848,1872]" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">B,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFC5FFAC86BCF8EAFBF01757" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1930" box="[1008,1125,1848,1872]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="521" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC5FFAC86BCF8EAFBF01757" box="[1008,1125,1848,1872]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">A. chilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC5FFAC813FF8EBFB191757" bold="true" box="[1139,1164,1848,1872]" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">C,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFC5FFAC81DEF8EAFA861757" authorityName="Pivar & Sinclair & Moulton" authorityYear="2020" box="[1170,1299,1849,1872]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Oterere" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="521" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setipennis" status="stat. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC5FFAC81DEF8EAFA861757" box="[1170,1299,1849,1872]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">A. setipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC5FFAC8056F8EBFAE31757" bold="true" box="[1306,1398,1848,1872]" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A261BD56FFC5FFAC8056F8EBFAE31757" box="[1306,1398,1848,1872]" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC5FFAC80C8F8EBFA091757" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,1848,1872]" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">D,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFC5FFAC85DBF88EFE861773" box="[151,275,1884,1908]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Thaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="521" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC5FFAC85DBF88EFE861773" box="[151,275,1884,1908]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="521">A. spatulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Abbreviations: c, cercus; gen fk, genital fork; hypct, hypoproct; hyp vlv, hypogynial valve; lat arm, lateral arm; spthc p, spermathecal pump. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33C8FB4FFC4FFAD858BFF45FE8616E7" pageId="13" pageNumber="522" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFC4FFAD858BFF45FACE11AB" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,1940]" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC4FFAD858BFF45FE5710B7" bold="true" box="[199,450,150,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">Redescription. Male.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC4FFAD8487FF44FE4C10B7" box="[459,473,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 8.
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC4FFAD8755FF45FDF210B7" box="[537,615,150,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">Length</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE71DAFFC4FFAD873CFF45FD6810B6" box="[624,765,150,177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="522" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.8">1.8–2.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC4FFAD8645FF45FC0710B7" box="[777,914,150,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">Colouration</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="131DC0BAFFC4FFAD86E8FF45FC6B10B7" box="[932,1022,150,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1622,1646]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,669,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-267@4.[151,1436,669,1599]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Adult habitus photographs of Austrothaumalea, lateral view. A, A. apicalis (♂); B, A. spatulata (♂); C, A. chilensis (♂); D, A. fredericki sp. nov. (♂); E, A. setipennis stat. rev. (♀). R2+3, second + third radial vein. Scale bars = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411066/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head dull, dark brown; pronotum, postpronotum, postpronotal lobe and lateral margins of prescutum brown; prescutum and mesoscutum shiny, primarily yellow, with pleura and posterior margin of mesoscutum brown with posterior brown rectangle, anterior corners of rectangle extended into two longitudinal brown vittae connecting, or nearly so, to posterior vittae extending from hind margins or prescutal dark patches; scutellum shiny, dorsal aspect brown with lateral yellowish brown patches, ventral aspect yellow; mediotergite shiny, brown; katepisternum yellow near coxa then turning brown, remaining pteropleuron yellowish brown to brown; posterior basalare yellowish brown; halter brown; legs pale brown, tarsi darker; abdomen dark brown, hind margins of tergites whitish; terminalia dark brown, gonostyli light brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFC4FFAD858BFE65FB5D121E" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,1940]" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC4FFAD858BFE65FE9111D7" box="[199,260,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. Eyes above antennae broadly joined, barely exposing frons above antennae. Flagellomeres 1–3 expanded, subquadrate; 1 as long as 2 and 3 combined; flagellomeres 4–10 thin, cylindrical, becoming progressively more elongate. Vertex clothed in golden setae of uniform length, with sparse long, black orbital setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFC4FFAD858BFDF1FEE81283" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,1940]" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC4FFAD858BFDF1FE8D123B" box="[199,280,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
. Pronotal setae longer than scutal setae. Scutum clothed dorsally in short, golden setulae; notopleural, supra-alar and postsutural setae long, black. Pteropleuron bare. Fore- and mid legs with tarsi simple, hind leg with tarsomere 4 bilobed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFC4FFAD858BFD5CFB7B135B" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,1940]" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC4FFAD858BFD5CFE9412AF" box="[199,257,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">Wing</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="131DC0BAFFC4FFAD845DFD5DFEC212AF" box="[273,343,654,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1958,1982]" captionTargetBox="[155,1409,1325,1933]" captionTargetId="figure-62@2.[155,1431,1325,1934]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Left wing of Austrothaumalea spatulata. Abbreviations: C, costa, CuA sp, anterior branch of cubital vein and spur; M, medial veins; m-cu, medial-cubital crossvein; R, radial veins; r-m, radial-medial crossvein; Sc, subcosta. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411064" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411064/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Wing length:
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE71DAFFC4FFAD8749FD5DFD0512AE" box="[517,656,654,681]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="522" unit="mm" value="3.05" valueMax="3.3" valueMin="2.8">2.8–3.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Lightly infuscate throughout, slightly darker where R
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFC4FFAD81B9FD73FA9A12A9" attach="left" box="[1269,1295,672,686]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">4+5</subScript>
|
||
meets apex; apex rounded; C and posterior wing margin with fringe of microtrichia; Sc incomplete; R
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFC4FFAD81DFFD16FB0E12D4" attach="left" box="[1171,1179,709,723]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">1</subScript>
|
||
and R
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFC4FFAD81ABFD16FB7A12D4" attach="left" box="[1255,1263,709,723]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">1</subScript>
|
||
(+R
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFC4FFAD8057FD16FAA112D4" attach="left" box="[1307,1332,709,723]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">2+3</subScript>
|
||
) without weakenings or depigmented gaps; R
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFC4FFAD8765FD3AFDA412F0" attach="left" box="[553,561,745,759]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">1</subScript>
|
||
(+R
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFC4FFAD8711FD3AFDE312F0" attach="left" box="[605,630,745,759]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">2+3</subScript>
|
||
) with uniseriate row of microtrichia along entire length, remaining veins bare; R flexed into cell br; R
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFC4FFAD8496FCDEFE66131C" attach="left" box="[474,499,781,795]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">2+3</subScript>
|
||
crossvein very weak or absent, at most a faint infuscation, situated slightly beyond midpoint of R
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFC4FFAD8479FCE2FEA81338" attach="left" box="[309,317,817,831]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">1</subScript>
|
||
(+R
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFC4FFAD8425FCE2FE171338" attach="left" box="[361,386,817,831]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">2+3</subScript>
|
||
); bend in R
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFC4FFAD8745FCE3FDB61339" attach="left" box="[521,547,816,830]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">4+5</subScript>
|
||
well-defined; R
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFC4FFAD8795FCE3FD661339" attach="left" box="[729,755,816,830]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">4+5</subScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFC4FFAD860FFCE2FCDE1338" attach="left" box="[835,843,817,831]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">1</subScript>
|
||
running parallel toward margin; M
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFC4FFAD8195FCE2FB741338" attach="left" box="[1241,1249,817,831]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">1</subScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFC4FFAD807DFCE2FAAC1338" attach="left" box="[1329,1337,817,831]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">2</subScript>
|
||
straight; M
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFC4FFAD85FCFC86FF2D1364" attach="left" box="[176,184,853,867]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">4</subScript>
|
||
slightly sinuous; CuA with basal spur shorter than crossvein m-cu, may be distinct or indistinct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFC4FFAD858BFCB5FBC013EB" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,1940]" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC4FFAD858BFCB5FEA41387" box="[199,305,870,896]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Abdominal sternite 1 narrow, spectacle-shaped; sternite 2 with slender median sclerite and lightly sclerotized posterior rectangle, a few setae on posterior margin; sternites 3–7 rectangular, weakly sclerotized, setae restricted to posterior half and laterad; anterior margin of sternites 5–7 thin, well sclerotized; sternite 8 crescentshaped, bare, anterior margin well-sclerotized, arched slightly into preceding sternite.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFC4FFAD858BFC25FBE414EF" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,1940]" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC4FFAD858BFC25FED41417" box="[199,321,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">Terminalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="131DC0BAFFC4FFAD841EFC25FE3A1417" box="[338,431,1014,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,197,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1882]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ventral views of male Austrothaumalea terminalia. A, A. apicalis; B, A. chilensis; C, A. fredericki sp.nov.; D, A. setipennis stat. rev.; E, A. spatulata. Abbreviations: c, cercus; gcx, gonocoxite; gcxP, gonocoxal plate; gst, gonostylus; hypd, hypandrium; pm, paramere.Arrow denotes apical epandrial projection. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411068/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">Figs 4E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131DC0BAFFC4FFAD84F0FC25FE4A1416" box="[444,479,1014,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,280,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-79@8.[151,1436,273,1870]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Lateral views of male Austrothaumalea terminalia. A, A. apicalis; B, A. chilensis; C, A. fredericki sp. nov.; D, A. setipennis stat. rev.; E, A. spatulata. Abbreviations: c, cercus; epand, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gcxP, gonocoxal plate; gst, gonostylus; hypd, hypandrium; pm, paramere. Arrow denotes apical epandrial projection. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411070/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">5E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Epandrium trapezoidal from ventral aspect; apical third slightly tapered; posterior margin broad and rounded; lacking pointed posterolateral processes. Hypandrium broad in ventral view, nearly subequal to basal width of gonostylus; anterior margin slightly concave. Gonocoxite broadest medially, tapered toward apex. Gonostylus about two-thirds length of gonocoxite, curved gently throughout; broadest basally, gradually tapered with small tooth at apex. Parameres distally fused, slightly more than half-length of epandrium, spatula-like, broadest apically. Gonocoxal plate rectangular, short, about half-length of gonocoxite; broad basally; apical margin truncate; basally not fused to hypandrium. Cercus weakly sclerotized, situated medially.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFC4FFAD858BFB21FB8B160F" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,1940]" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC4FFAD858BFB21FEB0150B" bold="true" box="[199,293,1266,1292]" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC4FFAD8460FB20FEAF150B" box="[300,314,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2. Similar to male except as follows:
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC4FFAD87BEFB21FCD5150B" box="[754,832,1266,1292]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">Length</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE71DAFFC4FFAD8602FB21FC42150A" box="[846,983,1266,1293]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="522" unit="mm" value="2.6" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="2.5">2.5–2.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC4FFAD86ADFB21FBDE150B" box="[993,1099,1266,1292]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: Tergites 7–9 noticeably more sclerotized than preceding tergites; only anterior margin of sternite 7 well-sclerotized.
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC4FFAD813EFAC5FB791537" box="[1138,1260,1302,1328]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">Terminalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="131DC0BAFFC4FFAD81B0FAC5FACE1537" box="[1276,1371,1302,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[174,1435,208,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-30@10.[151,1436,181,1850]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ventral views of female Austrothaumalea terminalia. A, A. apicalis; B, A. chilensis; C, A. setipennis stat. rev.; D, A. spatulata. Abbreviations: c, cercus; gen fk, genital fork; hypct, hypoproct; hyp vlv, hypogynial valve; lat arm, lateral arms; spthc, spermatheca.. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411072" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411072/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">Figs 6D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131DC0BAFFC4FFAD8025FAC4FA1A1536" box="[1385,1423,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1848,1872]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1817]" captionTargetId="figure-106@12.[151,1436,345,1825]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Lateral views of female Austrothaumalea terminalia. A, A. apicalis; B, A. chilensis; C, A. setipennis stat. rev.; D, A. spatulata. Abbreviations: c, cercus; gen fk, genital fork; hypct, hypoproct; hyp vlv, hypogynial valve; lat arm, lateral arm; spthc p, spermathecal pump. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411074" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411074/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">7D</figureCitation>
|
||
): Hypogynial valve projected slightly beyond tergite 9; posterior margin with rounded cleft in ventral view, forming two truncate lobes; densely setose. Tergite 9 subquadrate in lateral view, wider than tergite 8, without lateral projections. Sternite 9 (genital fork) slender, weakly sclerotized, with two rod-shaped sclerites anteriorly and two triangular sclerites next to hypogynial valve; lateral arms extended past hypogynial valve, arms closely approximated along midline, thin anteriorly, distal half expanded. Hypoproct thin, divided into pair of sclerites. Cercus rounded, projected posteriorly; bearing numerous setae. Spermathecal ducts not observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFC4FFAD858BF9C1FD82162B" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,1940]" box="[199,535,1554,1580]" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC4FFAD858BF9C1FE0F162B" bold="true" box="[199,410,1554,1580]" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">Immature Stages.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFC4FFAD858BF9E5FE8616E7" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,1940]" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC4FFAD858BF9E5FDDF1657" bold="true" box="[199,586,1590,1616]" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">Additional Material Examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4ED662FFC4FFAD8714F9E5FC0E1673" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3031308323" collectingDate="2016-12-16" collectionCode="VI, R" collectorName="J. K. Moulton & J. Pivar" country="Chile" elevation="827" latitude="-34.774776" location="Region" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-70.66775" pageId="13" pageNumber="522" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3319CAFFFC4FFAD8714F9E5FD3A1657" box="[600,687,1590,1616]" name="Chile" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">CHILE</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="8EF98AE4FFC4FFAD87F3F9E5FC851657" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F6D29FFC2FFAD85DBF971FE971793:8EF98AE4FFC4FFAD87F3F9E5FC851657" box="[703,784,1590,1616]" country="Chile" latitude="-34.774776" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-70.66775" name="Region" pageId="13" pageNumber="522" stateProvince="Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins">Region</location>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3744FAFFC4FFAD8651F9E4FCAE1656" box="[797,827,1591,1617]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">VI</collectionCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E212DDFFC4FFAD861CF9E5FC581656" box="[848,973,1590,1617]" country="Chile" name="Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">O’Higgins</collectingRegion>
|
||
): Rte. I-45,
|
||
<date id="FF98FAFFFFC4FFAD8129F9E5FB601657" box="[1125,1269,1590,1616]" pageId="13" pageNumber="522" value="2016-12-16">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDC0317FFC4FFAD8129F9E5FB601657" box="[1125,1269,1590,1616]" pageId="13" pageNumber="522" value="2016-12-16">16-XII-2016</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE12BAF8FFC4FFAD804BF9EBFA081654" box="[1287,1437,1592,1619]" degrees="34" direction="south" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="522" precision="1" seconds="29.2" value="-34.774776">34°46′29.2″S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE12BAF8FFC4FFAD85DBF98FFEAD1670" box="[151,312,1628,1655]" degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="522" precision="1" seconds="03.9" value="-70.66775">70°40′03.9″W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, elev.
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE71DAFFC4FFAD84CCF989FE5F1672" box="[384,458,1626,1653]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.27" pageId="13" pageNumber="522" unit="m" value="827.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000B3B0CFFC4FFAD84CCF989FE5F1672" box="[384,458,1626,1653]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.27" pageId="13" pageNumber="522" unit="m" value="827.0">827 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, stream,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D3B9E9FFC4FFAD877DF988FD531673" box="[561,710,1626,1653]" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">J.K. Moulton</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3744FAFFC4FFAD87A0F988FC961672" box="[748,771,1627,1653]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26D3B9E9FFC4FFAD864BF988FCCE1673" box="[775,859,1626,1653]" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">J. Pivar</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2017B6FFC4FFAD8621F989FC041673" box="[877,913,1626,1652]" pageId="13" pageNumber="522" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4ED662FFC4FFAD86E4F989FB44169F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3031308313" collectingDate="2016-12-06" collectionCode="R" collectorName="J. K. Moulton & J. Pivar" country="Chile" elevation="684" latitude="-34.99689" location="Los Quenes" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-70.81028" municipality="Region" pageId="13" pageNumber="522" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="Maule">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFD4645FFC4FFAD86E4F989FC6C1673" box="[936,1017,1626,1652]" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">Region</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
VII (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E212DDFFC4FFAD8174F989FB131672" box="[1080,1158,1626,1653]" country="Chile" name="Maule" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">Maule</collectingRegion>
|
||
):
|
||
<location id="8EF98AE4FFC4FFAD81D6F988FAB61673" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F6D29FFC2FFAD85DBF971FE971793:8EF98AE4FFC4FFAD81D6F988FAB61673" box="[1178,1315,1626,1653]" country="Chile" latitude="-34.99689" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-70.81028" municipality="Region" name="Los Quenes" pageId="13" pageNumber="522" stateProvince="Maule">Los Queñes</location>
|
||
, Rte. J-25,
|
||
<date id="FF98FAFFFFC4FFAD85DBF9ADFE8C169F" box="[151,281,1662,1688]" pageId="13" pageNumber="522" value="2016-12-06">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDC0317FFC4FFAD85DBF9ADFE8C169F" box="[151,281,1662,1688]" pageId="13" pageNumber="522" value="2016-12-06">6-XII-2016</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE12BAF8FFC4FFAD8468F953FE2C169C" box="[292,441,1664,1691]" degrees="34" direction="south" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="522" precision="1" seconds="48.8" value="-34.99689">34°59′48.8″S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE12BAF8FFC4FFAD84F3F953FDF5169C" box="[447,608,1664,1691]" degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="522" precision="1" seconds="37.0" value="-70.81028">70°48′37.0″W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, elev.
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE71DAFFC4FFAD87E8F9ADFD79169E" box="[676,748,1662,1689]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.84" pageId="13" pageNumber="522" unit="m" value="684.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000B3B0CFFC4FFAD87E8F9ADFD79169E" box="[676,748,1662,1689]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.84" pageId="13" pageNumber="522" unit="m" value="684.0">684 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, seep,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D3B9E9FFC4FFAD8679F9ACFC5D169F" box="[821,968,1662,1689]" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">J.K. Moulton</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3744FAFFC4FFAD86A6F9ACFB94169E" box="[1002,1025,1663,1689]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26D3B9E9FFC4FFAD8149F9ACFBC2169F" box="[1029,1111,1662,1689]" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">J. Pivar</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2017B6FFC4FFAD812AF9ADFB19169F" box="[1126,1164,1662,1688]" pageId="13" pageNumber="522" type="male">4♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2017B6FFC4FFAD81DAF9ADFB23169F" box="[1174,1206,1662,1688]" pageId="13" pageNumber="522" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
*)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4ED662FFC4FFAD8192F9ADFE9B16E7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3031308302" collectingDate="2016-12-08" collectionCode="R" collectorName="J. K. Moulton & J. Pivar" country="Chile" elevation="552" latitude="-37.915447" location="Bio Bio" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-71.59534" municipality="Region" pageId="13" pageNumber="522" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFD4645FFC4FFAD8192F9ADFABA169F" box="[1246,1327,1662,1688]" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">Region</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
VIII (
|
||
<location id="8EF98AE4FFC4FFAD803EF9ADFF5116BB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F6D29FFC2FFAD85DBF971FE971793:8EF98AE4FFC4FFAD803EF9ADFF5116BB" country="Chile" latitude="-37.915447" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-71.59534" municipality="Region" name="Bio Bio" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">Bío Bío</location>
|
||
): Rte. Q-689,
|
||
<date id="FF98FAFFFFC4FFAD8413F971FE7416BB" box="[351,481,1698,1724]" pageId="13" pageNumber="522" value="2016-12-08">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDC0317FFC4FFAD8413F971FE7416BB" box="[351,481,1698,1724]" pageId="13" pageNumber="522" value="2016-12-08">8-XII-2016</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE12BAF8FFC4FFAD84A7F977FD1416B8" box="[491,641,1700,1727]" degrees="37" direction="south" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="522" precision="1" seconds="55.6" value="-37.915447">37°54′55.6″S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE12BAF8FFC4FFAD87CAF977FCB216B8" box="[646,807,1700,1727]" degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="522" precision="1" seconds="43.2" value="-71.59534">71°35′43.2″W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, elev.
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE71DAFFC4FFAD8627F971FC2616BA" box="[875,947,1698,1725]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.52" pageId="13" pageNumber="522" unit="m" value="552.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000B3B0CFFC4FFAD8627F971FC2616BA" box="[875,947,1698,1725]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.52" pageId="13" pageNumber="522" unit="m" value="552.0">552 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, cascading creek,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D3B9E9FFC4FFAD8137F970FA9B16BB" box="[1147,1294,1698,1725]" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">J.K. Moulton</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3744FAFFC4FFAD807CF970FAD216BA" box="[1328,1351,1699,1725]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26D3B9E9FFC4FFAD8007F970FA0916BB" box="[1355,1436,1698,1725]" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">J. Pivar</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2017B6FFC4FFAD85EDF915FF5016E7" box="[161,197,1734,1760]" pageId="13" pageNumber="522" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2017B6FFC4FFAD859EF915FF6716E7" box="[210,242,1734,1760]" pageId="13" pageNumber="522" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
*)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33C8FB4FFC4FFAD858BF939FC461703" box="[199,979,1770,1797]" pageId="13" pageNumber="522" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFC4FFAD858BF939FC461703" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,1940]" box="[199,979,1770,1797]" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC4FFAD858BF939FEF41703" bold="true" box="[199,353,1770,1796]" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Known from the Andes of central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3319CAFFFC4FFAD87AAF939FCB61703" box="[742,803,1770,1796]" name="Chile" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="131DC0BAFFC4FFAD867EF939FCEC1703" box="[818,889,1770,1796]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1281,1305]" captionTargetBox="[275,1311,181,1258]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[275,1311,181,1258]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Known distribution of South American Austrothaumalea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411076/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">Figs 8</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131DC0BAFFC4FFAD86CAF939FC531703" box="[902,966,1770,1796]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1602,1626]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,344,1578]" captionTargetId="figure-93@15.[151,1436,344,1578]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Examples of Austrothaumalea habitats in Chile. A, rock face seep where A. chilensis and A. setipennis stat. rev. were collected (38°13′20.3″S 71°44′41.1″W); B, collection site of A. fredericki sp.nov. (41°08.47′S 72°35.28′W); C, collection site of A. spatulata (34°59′48.8″S 70°48′37.0″W); D, northernmost collection site of A. spatulata in the Chilean Matorral, inset showing small trickle of water where specimen was collected (34°46′29.2″S 70°40′03.9″W)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411078/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">9C,D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33C8FB4FFC4FFAD858BF8DDFE971793" pageId="13" pageNumber="522" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFC4FFAD858BF8DDFE971793" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,1940]" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC4FFAD858BF8DDFEAE172F" bold="true" box="[199,315,1806,1832]" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E212DDFFC4FFAD8434F8DDFE7B172F" box="[376,494,1806,1832]" country="Chile" name="Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">O’Higgins</collectingRegion>
|
||
specimen collected by the authors differs somewhat in appearance from the other specimens in that the posterior margin of the epandrium is slightly concave. Molecular fingerprinting matches that of other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFC4FFAD85B4F884FE141777" box="[248,385,1878,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Thaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="522" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC4FFAD85B4F884FE141777" box="[248,385,1878,1905]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="522">A. spatulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens. This is the northern-most locality for this species and likely indicates population variation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |