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<document id="8A254BB6FF7297DEBBEBA0A878EF817A" ID-CLB-Dataset="38930" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="264597" ID-ZooBank="CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1465242077321" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="C, Lees David" docDate="2016" docId="038747324C7CC65A1EB72934FCB3240A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4118.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4118 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Heteropsis mimetica Lees and Kremen, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="FFBE3F4A4C76C6571E202D2DFFD32174" masterDocTitle="Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision" masterLastPageNumber="97" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1698662715872" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="B258B9A529AB8EAA9922E22BB533BAB8" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="C80BFD16E3923B805534BD689F2A6901">
<mods:title id="1C305483C5B2CB2AF8055519AB7569AB">Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="E87E844775F468556E66A45BFD3FDD71" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B1BA08E05ECAEB628FBF78291AADC3C9">
<mods:roleTerm id="C06CA5B28A0AE466123A70E0E452A599">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="B40836CF5E86EBDD860E7A73444C50E2">C, Lees David</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="07A61EBF248C82A9379C806642ED8738">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="5AB1235DC2D26E5F478200C24FF72913" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="73430F291A836B125ED3879698D6D84D">
<mods:title id="3B0DF6B9C667400D251A0AB335694461">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="6AF6942DC665C12504D993B1CE385337">
<mods:date id="34E6C4B4CDD20AA8DA9CA47F202B2198">2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="FE55D6A580495208E1EB48FE6B266691" type="volume">
<mods:number id="299A00AAE60FF9C0929AD6626A181D66">4118</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="FF180CFFC62B3320284CEF6CEC6779D3" type="issue">
<mods:number id="02B3FDD061BD5CF33D2F82AA89BC12C4">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="CCF15CE761DA90284E70236A91861D9E">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="62687228158077F17E12184F48DF6F7D">97</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="ECCB884F5724B2D8399198CE1CCB98BD">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="C88C8E0F27F31E466FC12857FF42FDA0" type="CLB-Dataset">38930</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B1609F7EC8FEF7513DBC7916C79FAFFB" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="AA66B73E49797ADADE4190DD17432DC5" type="GBIF-Dataset">a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="CAE272E3EEF29303599E93388E821FB4" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5948A3F4725D6F52106BDE21FE1A5612" type="Zenodo-Dep">264597</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="696E7121E9C798D27AA69519B2E3FA82" type="ZooBank">CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="038747324C7CC65A1EB72934FCB3240A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6086408" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120817094" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6086408" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038747324C7CC65A1EB72934FCB3240A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038747324C7CC65A1EB72934FCB3240A" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C7CC65D1EB72934FBC82521" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C7CC65D1EB72934FD0D2547" blockId="10.[151,1051,1049,1109]" box="[151,734,1049,1075]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="D0D941484C7CC65D1EB72934FD0D2547" bold="true" box="[151,734,1049,1075]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7CC65D1EB72934FD0D2547" bold="true" box="[151,734,1049,1075]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7CC65D1EB72934FDA72547" authority="Lees and Kremen" authorityName="Lees and Kremen" box="[151,628,1049,1075]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mimetica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7CC65D1EB72934FE5D2547" bold="true" box="[151,398,1049,1075]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Heteropsis mimetica</emphasis>
Lees and Kremen
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269974D4C7CC65D1CA02934FD0D2547" box="[640,734,1049,1075]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C7CC65D1EB72911FBC82521" blockId="10.[151,1051,1049,1109]" box="[151,1051,1084,1109]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:365D604C-EAE3-46D4-AAD7-B715062FE056</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C7CC65D1EB729A9FCC125E8" box="[151,786,1156,1181]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C7CC65D1EB729A9FCC125E8" blockId="10.[151,1437,1156,1981]" box="[151,786,1156,1181]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7CC65D1EB729A9FE8425E9" bold="true" box="[151,343,1156,1181]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Prior references</emphasis>
: “sp. 72” (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C7CC65D1FF129A9FCD625E8" author="Lees" box="[465,773,1156,1181]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Lees, D. C. (1997) Systematics and biogeography of Madagascan mycalesine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae). Unpubl. PhD thesis, University of London, London, 411 pp." type="book" year="1997">
Lees 1997: 56,
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C7CC65D1C5F29A9FD6C25E8" box="[639,703,1156,1181]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1840,1862]" captionTargetBox="[267,1325,216,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[244,1342,193,1819]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 7. Adults in DV (left), VV (right) or in natural postures. A: HT ♂ of Heteropsis harveyi Lees &amp; Kremen, sp. nov. (NHMUK 010289119). B: PT ♀ of Ht. harveyi (NHMUK 010289121). C: HT ♂ of Henotesia andravahana ab. marmorata Aurivillius, 1911 (NHRS-TOBI 000000050). D: pair of Ht. harveyi in copula (Maromizaha, photo courtesy Lance Featherstone). E: ♂ of Ht. imerina (Ankazomivady, 23 / 03 / 2003, photo: D. C. Lees), for comparison, showing relatively produced ‘ tail’ on HW vein M 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264604/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
G, 7H
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C7CC65D1EE72987FC9C2702" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C7CC65D1EE72987FCAE247A" blockId="10.[151,1437,1156,1981]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7CC65D1EE72987FD3225B7" bold="true" box="[199,737,1194,1219]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<typeStatus id="549548864C7CC65D1EE72987FED125B7" box="[199,258,1194,1219]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Type</typeStatus>
material., Deposition
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C7CC65D1C2C2987FDB425B7" box="[524,615,1194,1219]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">BMNH</collectionCode>
:
<typeStatus id="549548864C7CC65D1C542987FD3225B7" box="[628,737,1194,1219]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: ♂ (
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C7CC65D1D362987FC8925B7" box="[790,858,1194,1219]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1868,1890]" captionTargetBox="[266,1318,198,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[254,1332,193,1847]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 2. Adults in DV (left), VV (right). A: HT ♂ of Heteropsis mimetica Lees &amp; Kremen, sp. nov. (Anjanaharibe Sud; BMNH (E) 1717105), B: PT ♀ of Ht. mimetica (Anjanaharibe Sud; BMNH (E) 1717113). C: HT ♂ of Pseudonympha cowani Butler, 1880 (‘ Fianarantsoa’). D: LT ♂ of Culapa houlbertiana Oberthür, 1923 (‘ Tamatave’, BMNH (E) # 674789). F. LT ♂ of Mycalesis antahala Ward, 1872 ([Madagascar], BMNH (E) 672567). Scale bar: 30 mm. The figure shows apparent contrasting mimicry on the two surfaces across three different Heteropsis clades." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264599/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A),
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C7CC65D1DA52987FBDF25B7" box="[901,1036,1194,1219]" name="Madagascar" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
NE, Anjanaharibe Sud,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C7CC65D1B022987FA4525B7" box="[1314,1430,1191,1219]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="5" value="-14.7502">14.7502o S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C7CC65D1EB729FFFED9259D" box="[151,266,1230,1258]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="5" value="49.4998">49.4998o E</geoCoordinate>
+/-
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C7CC65D1F1929FFFE5A259E" box="[313,393,1233,1258]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="km" value="0.8">0.8 km</quantity>
,
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C7CC65D1FB529FCFDC7259D" box="[405,532,1233,1258]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="95.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="90.0">95 +/- 5 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FF90D0E44C7CC65D1C3F29FCFD73259E" box="[543,672,1233,1258]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1995-11-27">27/11/1995</date>
, 8:00–16:00, C. Kremen: CK513,
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C7CC65D1A0229FFFB8C259E" box="[1058,1119,1234,1258]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">DNA</collectionCode>
[
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C7CC65D1A4C29FFFB7F259E" box="[1132,1196,1234,1258]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">DNA</collectionCode>
voucher],
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C7CC65D1B0429FFFAA8259E" box="[1316,1403,1234,1258]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">BMNH</collectionCode>
(E)
<date id="FF90D0E44C7CC65D1EB729D8FF27247A" box="[151,244,1269,1294]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2008" valueMax="2069">2008-69</date>
[accession number],
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C7CC65D1FC429DBFDE8247A" box="[484,571,1270,1294]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">BMNH</collectionCode>
(E) 1717105 [
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C7CC65D1CF229DBFCDE247A" box="[722,781,1270,1294]" name="Qatar" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">QTR</collectingCountry>
barcode].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C7CC65D1EE72834FC9C2702" blockId="10.[151,1437,1156,1981]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<typeStatus id="549548864C7CC65D1EE72834FEEC2446" box="[199,319,1305,1330]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="paratype">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7CC65D1EE72834FEEC2446" bold="true" box="[199,319,1305,1330]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Paratypes</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
:
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7CC65D1F6F2834FC712446" bold="true" box="[335,930,1305,1330]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Deposition
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C7CC65D1FF72834FDFD2446" box="[471,558,1305,1330]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">BMNH</collectionCode>
(accession
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C7CC65D1C972834FCC12446" box="[695,786,1305,1330]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">BMNH</collectionCode>
(E)
<date id="FF90D0E44C7CC65D1D1C2834FC482446" box="[828,923,1305,1330]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2008" valueMax="2069">2008-69</date>
)
</emphasis>
: ♂, data as HT but: CK510,
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C7CC65D1AD02834FAC52446" box="[1264,1302,1305,1330]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">DL</collectionCode>
9676 [
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C7CC65D1B7C2837FA4F2446" box="[1372,1436,1306,1330]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">DNA</collectionCode>
voucher],
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C7CC65D1F292810FEB12422" box="[265,354,1341,1366]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">BMAD</collectionCode>
261-15 [
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C7CC65D1F9A2813FE292422" box="[442,506,1342,1366]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">DNA</collectionCode>
barcode voucher],
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C7CC65D1CF22813FCFA2422" box="[722,809,1342,1366]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">BMNH</collectionCode>
(E) 1717106 [
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C7CC65D1DE12813FC2F2422" box="[961,1020,1342,1366]" name="Qatar" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">QTR</collectingCountry>
barcode]; ♂, data as HT but CK528,
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C7CC65D1EB7284FFF3D240E" box="[151,238,1378,1402]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">BMNH</collectionCode>
(E) 1717107 [
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C7CC65D1FA7284FFE11240E" box="[391,450,1378,1402]" name="Qatar" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">QTR</collectingCountry>
barcode]; ♂, data as HT but CK511,
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C7CC65D1D4C284FFC7A240E" box="[876,937,1378,1402]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">DNA</collectionCode>
[
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C7CC65D1D97284FFC24240E" box="[951,1015,1378,1402]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">DNA</collectionCode>
voucher],
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C7CC65D1A51284FFB1B240E" box="[1137,1224,1378,1402]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">BMNH</collectionCode>
(E) 1717108 [
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C7CC65D1B41284FFA4F240E" box="[1377,1436,1378,1402]" name="Qatar" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">QTR</collectingCountry>
barcode]; ♂, data as HT but CK529, DCLW-0136 [wing prep.], 278
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C7CC65D1D8328ABFC1A24EA" box="[931,969,1414,1438]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">DL</collectionCode>
[genitalia voucher],
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C7CC65D1A9928ABFAC324EA" box="[1209,1296,1414,1438]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">BMNH</collectionCode>
(E) 1717109 [
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C7CC65D1EBD2887FF0B24B6" box="[157,216,1450,1474]" name="Qatar" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">QTR</collectingCountry>
barcode]; ♂, data as HT but CK559,
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C7CC65D1CA92887FD1524B6" box="[649,710,1450,1474]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">DNA</collectionCode>
[
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C7CC65D1CF52887FCC624B6" box="[725,789,1450,1474]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">DNA</collectionCode>
voucher; whole thorax used],
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C7CC65D1A512887FB1B24B6" box="[1137,1224,1450,1474]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">BMNH</collectionCode>
(E) 1717110 [
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C7CC65D1B412887FA4F24B6" box="[1377,1436,1450,1474]" name="Qatar" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">QTR</collectingCountry>
barcode]; ♂, data as HT but CK512b,
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C7CC65D1C4428E0FD592492" box="[612,650,1485,1510]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">DL</collectionCode>
9678 [
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C7CC65D1CF428E3FCC72492" box="[724,788,1486,1510]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">DNA</collectionCode>
voucher, whole thorax and abdomen used],
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C7CC65D1B0428E3FAA82492" box="[1316,1403,1486,1510]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">BMNH</collectionCode>
(E) 1717111 [
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C7CC65D1F2B28DFFE95277E" box="[267,326,1522,1546]" name="Qatar" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">QTR</collectingCountry>
barcode]; ♂, data as HT but: CK512a,
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C7CC65D1D1128DCFC84277E" box="[817,855,1521,1546]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">DL</collectionCode>
9679 [
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C7CC65D1D8228DFFC31277E" box="[930,994,1522,1546]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">DNA</collectionCode>
voucher];
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C7CC65D1A4828DFFB6C277E" box="[1128,1215,1522,1546]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">BMNH</collectionCode>
(E) 1717112 [
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C7CC65D1B4128DFFA4F277E" box="[1377,1436,1522,1546]" name="Qatar" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">QTR</collectingCountry>
barcode]; ♀ (
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C7CC65D1F0C2B38FEBC275A" box="[300,367,1557,1582]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1868,1890]" captionTargetBox="[266,1318,198,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[254,1332,193,1847]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 2. Adults in DV (left), VV (right). A: HT ♂ of Heteropsis mimetica Lees &amp; Kremen, sp. nov. (Anjanaharibe Sud; BMNH (E) 1717105), B: PT ♀ of Ht. mimetica (Anjanaharibe Sud; BMNH (E) 1717113). C: HT ♂ of Pseudonympha cowani Butler, 1880 (‘ Fianarantsoa’). D: LT ♂ of Culapa houlbertiana Oberthür, 1923 (‘ Tamatave’, BMNH (E) # 674789). F. LT ♂ of Mycalesis antahala Ward, 1872 ([Madagascar], BMNH (E) 672567). Scale bar: 30 mm. The figure shows apparent contrasting mimicry on the two surfaces across three different Heteropsis clades." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264599/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
B), data as HT but: CK517,
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C7CC65D1C892B3BFD35275A" box="[681,742,1558,1582]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">DNA</collectionCode>
[
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C7CC65D1CD32B3BFCE0275A" box="[755,819,1558,1582]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">DNA</collectionCode>
voucher],
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C7CC65D1D8B2B3BFBD1275A" box="[939,1026,1558,1582]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">BMNH</collectionCode>
(E) 1717113 [
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C7CC65D1AB82B3BFB00275A" box="[1176,1235,1558,1582]" name="Qatar" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">QTR</collectingCountry>
barcode]; ♀, data as HT but CK518,
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C7CC65D1F4C2B14FE412726" box="[364,402,1593,1618]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">DL</collectionCode>
9677 [
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C7CC65D1FF72B17FDC42726" box="[471,535,1594,1618]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">DNA</collectionCode>
voucher],
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C7CC65D1CAF2B17FD352726" box="[655,742,1594,1618]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">BMNH</collectionCode>
(E) 1717114 [
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C7CC65D1D5D2B17FC6B2726" box="[893,952,1594,1618]" name="Qatar" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">QTR</collectingCountry>
barcode]; ♀, data as HT but CK519,
<specimenCount id="9D283DAD4C7CC65D1B7E2B17FA4F2726" box="[1374,1436,1594,1618]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="egg">1 egg</specimenCount>
expressed [egg voucher],
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C7CC65D1F962B73FDDE2702" box="[438,525,1630,1654]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">BMNH</collectionCode>
(E) 1717115 [
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C7CC65D1C842B73FD0C2702" box="[676,735,1630,1654]" name="Qatar" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">QTR</collectingCountry>
barcode].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C7CC65D1EE72BACFBFB2796" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C7CC65D1EE72BACFED127CA" blockId="10.[151,1437,1156,1981]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7CC65D1EE72BACFE7D27EE" bold="true" box="[199,430,1665,1690]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Deposition MNHN</emphasis>
: ♂, data as HT but
<date id="FF90D0E44C7CC65D1C972BACFCEB27EE" box="[695,824,1665,1690]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1995-11-25">25/11/1995</date>
, 11:00–13:15, C. Kremen: CK474, IA309 [isotope voucher].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C7CC65D1EE72BE4FBFB2796" blockId="10.[151,1437,1156,1981]" box="[199,1064,1737,1762]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7CC65D1EE72BE4FE1B2796" bold="true" box="[199,456,1737,1762]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Deposition summary:</emphasis>
BMNH (HT ♂, 7 PT ♂♂, 3 PT ♀♀), MNHN (PT ♂).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C7CC65D1EE72BDDFAFF267C" box="[199,1324,1773,1801]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C7CC65D1EE72BDDFAFF267C" blockId="10.[151,1437,1156,1981]" box="[199,1324,1773,1801]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7CC65D1EE72BDDFEB6267D" bold="true" box="[199,357,1776,1801]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<typeStatus id="549548864C7CC65D1EE72BDDFED1267D" box="[199,258,1776,1801]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C7CC65D1F4C2BDDFE20267D" box="[364,499,1776,1801]" name="Madagascar" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
NE, Anjanaharibe Sud,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C7CC65D1D252BDDFCAB267D" box="[773,888,1773,1801]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="5" value="-14.7502">14.7502o S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C7CC65D1DA52BDCFC2A267C" box="[901,1017,1773,1801]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="5" value="49.4998">49.4998o E</geoCoordinate>
+/-
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C7CC65D1A082BDCFBAB267D" box="[1064,1144,1776,1801]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="km" value="0.8">0.8 km</quantity>
,
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C7CC65D1AA42BDDFAF4267C" box="[1156,1319,1776,1801]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="14.5" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="95.0">
95 m +/-
<specimenCount id="9D283DAD4C7CC65D1ACB2BDDFAF4267C" box="[1259,1319,1776,1801]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="generic">50 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C7CC65D1EE72A39FDBF26C8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C7CC65D1EE72A39FDBF26C8" blockId="10.[151,1437,1156,1981]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7CC65D1EE72A39FE922659" bold="true" box="[199,321,1812,1837]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The combination in
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7CC65D1C0C2A38FD6E2658" box="[556,701,1813,1836]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mimetica">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7CC65D1C0C2A38FD6E2658" box="[556,701,1813,1836]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ht. mimetica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of the space-M3 as well as space-CuA1 ocellus expressed on the HWD and a white-translucent ocellus ring (hereafter ‘Orng’) extended close to the base of space M3 and CuA
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C7CC65D1B562A14FA4F2625" box="[1398,1436,1848,1873]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
the FWD, forming a rectangle, as in some forms of
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7CC65D1CDE2A70FC522601" box="[766,897,1884,1909]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Culapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turbans">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7CC65D1CDE2A70FC522601" box="[766,897,1884,1909]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ht. turbans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is diagnostic for this species for both known populations. In the closely related allospecies
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7CC65D1C882AACFCF626EC" box="[680,805,1921,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cowani">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7CC65D1C882AACFCF626EC" box="[680,805,1921,1944]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ht. cowani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the Orng is nearly circular for all known populations. This trait is consistent in all
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7CC65D1FF42A88FDB626C8" box="[468,613,1957,1980]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mimetica">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7CC65D1FF42A88FDB626C8" box="[468,613,1957,1980]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ht. mimetica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF51A6AC4C7DC65C1EB72A61FC8126A9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264599/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" targetBox="[266,1318,198,1839]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C7DC65C1EB72A61FC8126A9" blockId="11.[151,1436,1868,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7DC65C1EB72A61FEC72615" bold="true" box="[151,276,1868,1890]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Adults in DV (left), VV (right).
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7DC65C1C4C2A61FDAD2615" bold="true" box="[620,638,1868,1889]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A</emphasis>
: HT ♂ of
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7DC65C1CCE2A60FBBC2616" authority="Lees &amp; Kremen" authorityName="Lees &amp; Kremen" box="[750,1135,1868,1890]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mimetica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7DC65C1CCE2A60FC132616" box="[750,960,1869,1890]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Heteropsis mimetica</emphasis>
Lees &amp; Kremen
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269974D4C7DC65C1A5B2A60FB1F2616" box="[1147,1228,1869,1890]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7DC65C1A5B2A60FB1F2616" bold="true" box="[1147,1228,1869,1890]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(Anjanaharibe Sud; BMNH(E) 1717105),
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7DC65C1F592A46FE5926F4" bold="true" box="[377,394,1899,1920]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B</emphasis>
: PT ♀ of
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7DC65C1FD42A41FDAB26F5" box="[500,632,1900,1921]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mimetica">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7DC65C1FD42A41FDAB26F5" box="[500,632,1900,1921]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ht. mimetica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Anjanaharibe Sud; BMNH(E) 1717113).
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7DC65C1A0F2A46FB9926F5" bold="true" box="[1071,1098,1899,1921]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C:</emphasis>
HT ♂ of
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7DC65C1A912A46FEC626D4" authority="Butler, 1880" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1880" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pseudonympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cowani">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7DC65C1A912A46FA4F26F5" box="[1201,1436,1899,1921]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pseudonympha cowani</emphasis>
Butler, 1880
</taxonomicName>
(‘Fianarantsoa’).
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7DC65C1FEC2AA7FE3526EB" bold="true" box="[460,486,1930,1951]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">D:</emphasis>
LT ♂ of
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7DC65C1C652AA7FC6926D4" authority="Oberthur, 1923" authorityName="Oberthur" authorityYear="1923" box="[581,954,1930,1952]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Culapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houlbertiana">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7DC65C1C652AA7FCC926D4" box="[581,794,1930,1952]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Culapa houlbertiana</emphasis>
Oberthür, 1923
</taxonomicName>
(‘Tamatave’, BMNH(E) # 674789). F. LT ♂ of
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7DC65C1EB72A85FE0A26CA" authority="Ward, 1872" authorityName="Ward" authorityYear="1872" box="[151,473,1960,1982]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Mycalesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antahala">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7DC65C1EB72A85FE8F26CA" box="[151,348,1960,1982]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Mycalesis antahala</emphasis>
Ward, 1872
</taxonomicName>
([Madagascar], BMNH(E) 672567). Scale bar: 30 mm. The figure shows apparent contrasting mimicry on the two surfaces across three different
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7DC65C1CB92AE5FCD526A9" box="[665,774,1992,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7DC65C1CB92AE5FCD526A9" box="[665,774,1992,2013]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Heteropsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clades.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C7AC65B1EE72DBAFA8D24E9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C7AC65B1EE72DBAFE152260" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7AC65B1EE72DBAFE6121C4" bold="true" box="[199,434,151,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Description. Wings.</emphasis>
Upperside uniform mid brown, except light brown in the area around the expressed ocelli of HWD where the ventral white area shows through. On FW, space-MI ocellus expressed as conspicuous white spot. Space-CuA1 ocellus has narrow whitish-orange ring set in a somewhat rectangular white-translucent area whose lower proximad corner extends close to the base of space-CuA1, as in
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7AC65B1DDB2C28FAFB2068" authority="Oberthur, 1923" authorityName="Oberthur" authorityYear="1923" box="[1019,1320,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabas">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7AC65B1DDB2C28FBB62069" box="[1019,1125,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ht. sabas</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C7AC65B1A532C29FAF32068" author="Oberthur" box="[1139,1312,260,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Oberthur, C. (1923) Lepidopteres de Madagascar et d'Afrique tropicale. Etudes de Lepidopterologie Comparee, 21, 119 - 155." type="journal article" year="1923">Oberthür, 1923</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C7AC65B1B182C29FAA82068" box="[1336,1403,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1868,1890]" captionTargetBox="[266,1318,198,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[254,1332,193,1847]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 2. Adults in DV (left), VV (right). A: HT ♂ of Heteropsis mimetica Lees &amp; Kremen, sp. nov. (Anjanaharibe Sud; BMNH (E) 1717105), B: PT ♀ of Ht. mimetica (Anjanaharibe Sud; BMNH (E) 1717113). C: HT ♂ of Pseudonympha cowani Butler, 1880 (‘ Fianarantsoa’). D: LT ♂ of Culapa houlbertiana Oberthür, 1923 (‘ Tamatave’, BMNH (E) # 674789). F. LT ♂ of Mycalesis antahala Ward, 1872 ([Madagascar], BMNH (E) 672567). Scale bar: 30 mm. The figure shows apparent contrasting mimicry on the two surfaces across three different Heteropsis clades." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264599/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
E), rather than
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7AC65B1F392C04FE452034" box="[281,406,297,320]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pseudonympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cowani">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7AC65B1F392C04FE452034" box="[281,406,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ht. cowani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C7AC65B1F872C0AFE3A2034" box="[423,489,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1868,1890]" captionTargetBox="[266,1318,198,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[254,1332,193,1847]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 2. Adults in DV (left), VV (right). A: HT ♂ of Heteropsis mimetica Lees &amp; Kremen, sp. nov. (Anjanaharibe Sud; BMNH (E) 1717105), B: PT ♀ of Ht. mimetica (Anjanaharibe Sud; BMNH (E) 1717113). C: HT ♂ of Pseudonympha cowani Butler, 1880 (‘ Fianarantsoa’). D: LT ♂ of Culapa houlbertiana Oberthür, 1923 (‘ Tamatave’, BMNH (E) # 674789). F. LT ♂ of Mycalesis antahala Ward, 1872 ([Madagascar], BMNH (E) 672567). Scale bar: 30 mm. The figure shows apparent contrasting mimicry on the two surfaces across three different Heteropsis clades." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264599/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
C-D Fianarantsoa material). Only two ocelli are conspicuously expressed in HWD, that of space-M3 and space-CuA1, both subelliptic and surrounded by a similarly shaped light orange ring. HW margin has two conspicuous mid brown Smls (submarginal lines) following the somewhat crenate margin, slightly more crenate than typical in
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7AC65B1FC02CB8FD8E20D8" box="[480,605,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pseudonympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cowani">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7AC65B1FC02CB8FD8E20D8" box="[480,605,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ht. cowani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Ocellus expression on ventral surface similar but additional one in HW space-Rs of similar size to those of space-M3 and space-CuA1, and in each case surrounded by a pale orange and a wider light brown ring, the three set in a white-translucent and irregularly ‘X’-shaped area extending from the HW costa to mid space-CuA2, one outer arm of the ‘X’ petering out distad of ocellus space-M3. Basal area of HW mid brown, irrorated with areas of whitish scaling, and forming a right angle where the basal pattern meets vein M2. Two bands of light brown and whitish irroration are found in the basal area of the FW together with a large whitish blotch proximad of white spot in space-M1 and tapering towards the costa from around 2/3 along FW costa.
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7AC65B1B592F40FF3B23DC" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pseudonympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cowani">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7AC65B1B592F40FF3B23DC" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ht. cowani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is almost identical in patterning on either surface except for the proximad extension of the whitish part of the Orng, which is fairly circular in
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7AC65B1C132F98FD7C23B8" box="[563,687,693,716]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pseudonympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cowani">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7AC65B1C132F98FD7C23B8" box="[563,687,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ht. cowani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7AC65B1C9F2F99FCE623B9" bold="true" box="[703,821,692,717]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Variation.</emphasis>
Not much variation is evident between individuals of
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7AC65B1EB72FF4FEFB2384" box="[151,296,729,752]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mimetica">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7AC65B1EB72FF4FEFB2384" box="[151,296,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ht. mimetica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and there only one ♂ was dissected. Sexes similar, but ♀ larger, and may have more extensive white area near FW ventral apex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C7AC65B1EE72E32FCEB22F4" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7AC65B1EE72E32FEBF224C" bold="true" box="[199,364,799,824]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Wingspan/fwl</emphasis>
: range 38–43.5 (n=5 ♂♂)/
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C7AC65B1CB82E0DFCED2243" box="[664,830,800,824]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.23" metricValueMax="2.43" metricValueMin="2.03" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="22.3" valueMax="24.3" valueMin="20.3">20.3–24.3 mm</quantity>
(n=7 ♂♂); mean= 40.5 +/- 2.2 SD (n=6 ♂♂)/22.6 +/- 1.3 SD mm (n=8 ♂♂), including referred specimen and HT ♂, 43.5/
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C7AC65B1D832E69FBD92228" box="[931,1034,836,861]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="23.5">23.5 mm</quantity>
. Range 43–47/
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C7AC65B1A932E69FA8B2228" box="[1203,1368,836,861]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4799999999999995" metricValueMax="2.54" metricValueMin="2.42" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="24.799999999999997" valueMax="25.4" valueMin="24.2">24.2–25.4 mm</quantity>
(n=3, ♀♀); mean = 44.7 +/- 2.08 SD/
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C7AC65B1FD72E45FD68220B" box="[503,699,871,896]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4699999999999998" metricValueMax="2.532" metricValueMin="2.408" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="24.7" valueMax="25.32" valueMin="24.08">24.7 +/- 0.62 mm</quantity>
(n=3 ♀♀).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C7AC65B1EE72EA1FA562298" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7AC65B1EE72EA1FE8722D1" bold="true" box="[199,340,908,933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Androconia</emphasis>
: simple mid brown discocellular brush extending only slightly beyond the fork of Rs and M1, underlying patch light ochreous grey and ‘bullet’-shaped (distally truncate to barely beyond the fork), surrounded by glossy dark scales which extend half way to costa and a similar extent in the other direction, as in
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7AC65B1B232EF8FAAD2298" box="[1283,1406,981,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pseudonympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cowani">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7AC65B1B232EF8FAAD2298" box="[1283,1406,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ht. cowani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C7AC65B1EE72EDAFB392541" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7AC65B1EE72EDAFEDB2564" bold="true" box="[199,264,1015,1040]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Palps</emphasis>
: from LV, light brown stripe in middle, bordered by two white stripes, and dark brown striped fringes of scales to edges, the edge potentially brushing the interommatidial setae consisting of longer scales.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C7AC65B1EE72912FA8D24E9" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7AC65B1EE72912FE98252C" bold="true" box="[199,331,1087,1112]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">♂ genitalia</emphasis>
: 278DL, PT (
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C7AC65B1FCD2912FDE1252C" box="[493,562,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1641,1663]" captionTargetBox="[259,1327,202,1604]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[234,1353,193,1619]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 5. ♂ genitalia in LV (left), DV (right). A: ♂ genitalia of Heteropsis mimetica (Anjanaharibe Sud; 278 DL, CK 529). B: ♂ genitalia of PT of Ht. hazovola (Masoala; NHMUK 010289179, 26 DL). C: ♂ genitalia of Ht. alaokola, stat. rev. (Fianarantsoa; 146 DL). Scale bar: 3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264602/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A, LV, DV). Tegumen with fairly straight dorsal profile from LV, where it is relatively quadrate (slight proximad notch from DV). Gnathos narrow with small rounded projection distad at base arising almost perpendicular to base of uncus in its porrect position and curving strongly towards its forwardprojecting and pointed tips (from DV gnathos bends in and out strongly from its stout base). Vinculum strongly arched proximad with moderate constriction with tegumen. Valves with strongly rounded ‘shoulder’ at base, broad throughout with valve arm not much less broad than valve base, fairly parallel sided and spatulate, tips extending further than maximum extension of uncus, with an area of spinoid setae on inner face of tip (not as extensive as in
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7AC65B1EB72810FEC12420" box="[151,274,1341,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pseudonympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cowani">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7AC65B1EB72810FEC12420" box="[151,274,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ht. cowani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7AC65B1F692810FE342421" box="[329,487,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exocellata">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7AC65B1F692810FE342421" box="[329,487,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ht. exocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C7AC65B1FD62810FDA62420" author="Lees" box="[502,629,1340,1364]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Lees, D. C. (1997) Systematics and biogeography of Madagascan mycalesine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae). Unpubl. PhD thesis, University of London, London, 411 pp." type="book" year="1997">Lees, 1997</bibRefCitation>
: 104) and with tip incurved from DV. Saccus fairly long (longer than in
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7AC65B1EB7284CFEC6240C" box="[151,277,1377,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pseudonympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cowani">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7AC65B1EB7284CFEC6240C" box="[151,277,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ht. cowani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7AC65B1F72284CFE21240C" box="[338,498,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exocellata">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7AC65B1F72284CFE21240C" box="[338,498,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ht. exocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and inflated towards tip, while juxta is quite broad and down-lipped proximad. Aedeagus narrowly cupped beyond ostium and quite recurved away from body, fairly thin and parallel-sided.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C7AC65B1EE7288AFC902701" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C7AC65B1EE7288AFC902701" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7AC65B1EE7288AFE9D24B4" bold="true" box="[199,334,1447,1472]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Etymology.</emphasis>
Refers to the seemingly dual mimetic colour pattern (
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C7AC65B1D95288AFC2824B4" box="[949,1019,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1868,1890]" captionTargetBox="[266,1318,198,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[254,1332,193,1847]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 2. Adults in DV (left), VV (right). A: HT ♂ of Heteropsis mimetica Lees &amp; Kremen, sp. nov. (Anjanaharibe Sud; BMNH (E) 1717105), B: PT ♀ of Ht. mimetica (Anjanaharibe Sud; BMNH (E) 1717113). C: HT ♂ of Pseudonympha cowani Butler, 1880 (‘ Fianarantsoa’). D: LT ♂ of Culapa houlbertiana Oberthür, 1923 (‘ Tamatave’, BMNH (E) # 674789). F. LT ♂ of Mycalesis antahala Ward, 1872 ([Madagascar], BMNH (E) 672567). Scale bar: 30 mm. The figure shows apparent contrasting mimicry on the two surfaces across three different Heteropsis clades." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264599/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
), on the upperside to
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7AC65B1AD32884FA8D24B4" box="[1267,1374,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabas">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7AC65B1AD32884FA8D24B4" box="[1267,1374,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ht. sabas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C7AC65B1B4E288AFF752490" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1868,1890]" captionTargetBox="[266,1318,198,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[254,1332,193,1847]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 2. Adults in DV (left), VV (right). A: HT ♂ of Heteropsis mimetica Lees &amp; Kremen, sp. nov. (Anjanaharibe Sud; BMNH (E) 1717105), B: PT ♀ of Ht. mimetica (Anjanaharibe Sud; BMNH (E) 1717113). C: HT ♂ of Pseudonympha cowani Butler, 1880 (‘ Fianarantsoa’). D: LT ♂ of Culapa houlbertiana Oberthür, 1923 (‘ Tamatave’, BMNH (E) # 674789). F. LT ♂ of Mycalesis antahala Ward, 1872 ([Madagascar], BMNH (E) 672567). Scale bar: 30 mm. The figure shows apparent contrasting mimicry on the two surfaces across three different Heteropsis clades." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264599/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
E), and on the underside to some forms of
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7AC65B1CA428E0FC7D2490" authority="Ward, 1872" authorityName="Ward" authorityYear="1872" box="[644,942,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Mycalesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antahala">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7AC65B1CA428E0FCC12491" box="[644,786,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ht. antahala</emphasis>
(Ward, 1872)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C7AC65B1D9D28E1FBD22490" box="[957,1025,1484,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1868,1890]" captionTargetBox="[266,1318,198,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[254,1332,193,1847]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 2. Adults in DV (left), VV (right). A: HT ♂ of Heteropsis mimetica Lees &amp; Kremen, sp. nov. (Anjanaharibe Sud; BMNH (E) 1717105), B: PT ♀ of Ht. mimetica (Anjanaharibe Sud; BMNH (E) 1717113). C: HT ♂ of Pseudonympha cowani Butler, 1880 (‘ Fianarantsoa’). D: LT ♂ of Culapa houlbertiana Oberthür, 1923 (‘ Tamatave’, BMNH (E) # 674789). F. LT ♂ of Mycalesis antahala Ward, 1872 ([Madagascar], BMNH (E) 672567). Scale bar: 30 mm. The figure shows apparent contrasting mimicry on the two surfaces across three different Heteropsis clades." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264599/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
F); some
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7AC65B1A4A28E1FB1C2491" box="[1130,1231,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Strabena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7AC65B1A4A28E1FB1C2491" box="[1130,1231,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Strabena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species such as
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7AC65B1BA728E0FE12277C" authority="Oberthur 1916" authorityName="Oberthur" authorityYear="1916" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Strabena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consobrina">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7AC65B1BA728E0FEC6277C" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. consobrina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C7AC65B1F3C28C2FE12277C" author="Oberthur" box="[284,449,1519,1544]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Oberthur, C. (1916) Observations sur une centurie d'Especes de Lepidopteres Rhopaloceres malagaches. Etudes de Lepidopterologie Comparee, 11, 177 - 244." type="journal article" year="1916">Oberthür 1916</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7AC65B1FD828DDFCD2277C" authority="Oberthur 1916" authorityName="Oberthur" authorityYear="1916" box="[504,769,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Strabena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nepos">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7AC65B1FD828DDFD86277C" box="[504,597,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. nepos</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C7AC65B1C7D28C2FCD2277C" author="Oberthur" box="[605,769,1519,1544]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Oberthur, C. (1916) Observations sur une centurie d'Especes de Lepidopteres Rhopaloceres malagaches. Etudes de Lepidopterologie Comparee, 11, 177 - 244." type="journal article" year="1916">Oberthür 1916</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
exhibit similar HWV patterns (see e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C7AC65B1AE228C2FAA2277C" author="d'Abrera" box="[1218,1393,1519,1544]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="d'Abrera, B. L. (1997) Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region. Part 1. Papilionidae, Pieridae, Acraeidae, Danaidae, Satyridae. Hill House Publishers, Melbourne &amp; London, 263 pp." type="book" year="1997">d’Abrera, 1997</bibRefCitation>
). In these butterflies, there is a similar configuration on the underside of ocelli set in a mainly white area. Unlike in most of the
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7AC65B1F3C2B14FE4E2724" box="[284,413,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigula">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7AC65B1F3C2B14FE4E2724" box="[284,413,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ht. strigula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, but as in others of the
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7AC65B1CCE2B14FC582724" box="[750,907,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exocellata">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7AC65B1CCE2B14FC582724" box="[750,907,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ht. exocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, and in some other more early diverging clades of
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7AC65B1F222B70FEA92700" box="[258,378,1629,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7AC65B1F222B70FEA92700" box="[258,378,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Heteropsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the HW space-M3 ocellus is expressed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C7AC65A1EE72B52FEF32317" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C7AC65A1EE72B52FACC2010" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,151,1406]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7AC65B1EE72B52FE9F27EC" bold="true" box="[199,332,1663,1688]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Discussion.</emphasis>
This species was first recognized in the field by Claire Kremen at Anjanaharibe Sud in
<date id="FF90D0E44C7AC65B1B062B52FF1C27C9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1995-11">November 1995</date>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C7AC65B1EFD2B89FE5327C9" author="Lees" box="[221,384,1700,1725]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Lees, D. C. (1997) Systematics and biogeography of Madagascan mycalesine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae). Unpubl. PhD thesis, University of London, London, 411 pp." type="book" year="1997">Lees 1997: 65</bibRefCitation>
). All specimens including the one referred specimen from Makira show the same wing pattern morphology, with no tendency to variation towards all known specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7AC65B1DC42BE4FB8D2794" box="[996,1118,1737,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pseudonympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cowani">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7AC65B1DC42BE4FB8D2794" box="[996,1118,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ht. cowani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in BMNH and MNHN from Fianarantsoa (
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C7AC65B1F152BC1FEA42670" box="[309,375,1772,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1868,1890]" captionTargetBox="[266,1318,198,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[254,1332,193,1847]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 2. Adults in DV (left), VV (right). A: HT ♂ of Heteropsis mimetica Lees &amp; Kremen, sp. nov. (Anjanaharibe Sud; BMNH (E) 1717105), B: PT ♀ of Ht. mimetica (Anjanaharibe Sud; BMNH (E) 1717113). C: HT ♂ of Pseudonympha cowani Butler, 1880 (‘ Fianarantsoa’). D: LT ♂ of Culapa houlbertiana Oberthür, 1923 (‘ Tamatave’, BMNH (E) # 674789). F. LT ♂ of Mycalesis antahala Ward, 1872 ([Madagascar], BMNH (E) 672567). Scale bar: 30 mm. The figure shows apparent contrasting mimicry on the two surfaces across three different Heteropsis clades." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264599/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
C-D), Ranomafana, Andrambovato or other collected localities of author or others (Vohiparara/ Sahavondronina, Ambondrombe, Anjozorobe). In
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7AC65B1CEE2A3CFC99265C" box="[718,842,1809,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pseudonympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cowani">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7AC65B1CEE2A3CFC99265C" box="[718,842,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ht. cowani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the shape of the space-CuA1 ocellus is always with a near-concentric orange ocellus ring. All relevant
<typeStatus id="549548864C7AC65B1CCB2A18FCF52639" box="[747,806,1845,1869]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">types</typeStatus>
were examined. The LT ♂ of
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7AC65B1AB52A19FEF22604" authority="Butler, 1880" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1880" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pseudonympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cowani">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7AC65B1AB52A19FA4F2638" box="[1173,1436,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pseudonympha cowani</emphasis>
Butler, 1880
</taxonomicName>
is here designated as the specimen (
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C7AC65B1C962A7AFD242604" box="[694,759,1879,1904]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1868,1890]" captionTargetBox="[266,1318,198,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[254,1332,193,1847]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 2. Adults in DV (left), VV (right). A: HT ♂ of Heteropsis mimetica Lees &amp; Kremen, sp. nov. (Anjanaharibe Sud; BMNH (E) 1717105), B: PT ♀ of Ht. mimetica (Anjanaharibe Sud; BMNH (E) 1717113). C: HT ♂ of Pseudonympha cowani Butler, 1880 (‘ Fianarantsoa’). D: LT ♂ of Culapa houlbertiana Oberthür, 1923 (‘ Tamatave’, BMNH (E) # 674789). F. LT ♂ of Mycalesis antahala Ward, 1872 ([Madagascar], BMNH (E) 672567). Scale bar: 30 mm. The figure shows apparent contrasting mimicry on the two surfaces across three different Heteropsis clades." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264599/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
C) bearing labels “
<typeStatus id="549548864C7AC65B1DE72A75FBE82604" box="[967,1083,1880,1904]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
<typeStatus id="549548864C7AC65B1A1D2A75FBAB2604" box="[1085,1144,1880,1904]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Type</typeStatus>
/♂
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7AC65B1AB92A7AFF1D26E1" authority="Butl." authorityName="Butl." class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pseudonympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cowani">Pseudonympha cowani Butl.</taxonomicName>
|Male Fianarantsoa
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C7AC65B1FE12A51FD9926E1" box="[449,586,1916,1941]" name="Madagascar" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Coll. &amp; pres. By W. D. Cowan 8-23.|B.M.
<typeStatus id="549548864C7AC65B1ABC2A50FB3126E0" box="[1180,1250,1917,1940]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">TYPE</typeStatus>
No. Rh 3070
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7AC65B1EB72A8DFE3A26CD" authority="Butl." authorityName="Butl." box="[151,489,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pseudonympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cowani">Pseudonympha cowani, Butl.</taxonomicName>
♂/
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7AC65B1C2E2A8DFCA326CD" authority="Cowani Butler" authorityName="Cowani Butler" box="[526,880,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pseudonympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudonympha Cowani Butler</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="549548864C7AC65B1D5C2A8DFC6A26CC" box="[892,953,1952,1976]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Type</typeStatus>
”; the PLT becomes the ♀ with the same locality data that was photographed by B. d’Abrera 77/78 (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C7AC65B1D6E2AE9FC2826A8" author="d'Abrera" box="[846,1019,1988,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="d'Abrera, B. L. (1980) Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region. Lansdowne Editions, Melbourne, 593 pp." type="book" year="1980">d’Abrera 1980</bibRefCitation>
: 183). The two
<typeStatus id="549548864C7AC65B1A9A2AE8FACF26A9" box="[1210,1308,1989,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7AC65A1B692AE9FDCA21C4" authority="Oberthur, 1923:127" authorityName="Oberthur" authorityPageNumber="127" authorityYear="1923" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Culapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houlbertiana">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7AC65A1B692AE9FEFB21C4" italics="true" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Culapa houlbertiana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C7BC65A1F152DBAFE3A21C4" author="Oberthur" box="[309,489,151,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Oberthur, C. (1923) Lepidopteres de Madagascar et d'Afrique tropicale. Etudes de Lepidopterologie Comparee, 21, 119 - 155." type="journal article" year="1923">Oberthür, 1923</bibRefCitation>
:127
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 569, figs 4909, 4910 from ‘Fianarantsoa’, were also examined; the ♂ specimen, that is here designated the
<typeStatus id="549548864C7BC65A1C652D91FD7F21A1" box="[581,684,188,213]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C7BC65A1C9E2D91FCD021A0" box="[702,771,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1868,1890]" captionTargetBox="[266,1318,198,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[254,1332,193,1847]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 2. Adults in DV (left), VV (right). A: HT ♂ of Heteropsis mimetica Lees &amp; Kremen, sp. nov. (Anjanaharibe Sud; BMNH (E) 1717105), B: PT ♀ of Ht. mimetica (Anjanaharibe Sud; BMNH (E) 1717113). C: HT ♂ of Pseudonympha cowani Butler, 1880 (‘ Fianarantsoa’). D: LT ♂ of Culapa houlbertiana Oberthür, 1923 (‘ Tamatave’, BMNH (E) # 674789). F. LT ♂ of Mycalesis antahala Ward, 1872 ([Madagascar], BMNH (E) 672567). Scale bar: 30 mm. The figure shows apparent contrasting mimicry on the two surfaces across three different Heteropsis clades." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264599/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
D), bears the data “
<typeStatus id="549548864C7BC65A1DC12D91FB8721A1" box="[993,1108,188,213]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C7BC65A1A762D91FB3321A1" box="[1110,1248,188,213]" name="Madagascar" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
Fianarantsoa ex Lamberton, 1922|A servi de modele a J. Culot, pour le No. 4909 de la Pl. DLXIX Vol. XXI. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee|Ex Oberthür Coll. Brit. Mus. 1927-3.”. Automatically PLTs become two ♀♀ bearing labels “
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C7BC65A1EC92C0AFEA02034" box="[233,371,295,320]" name="Madagascar" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
Fianarantsoa ex Lamberton, 1922|Ex Oberthür Coll. Brit. Mus. 1927-3.”. The nominal species
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7BC65A1EB72C60FE9B2011" box="[151,328,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Culapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houlbertiana">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7BC65A1EB72C60FE9B2011" box="[151,328,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. houlbertiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is clearly synonymous with
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7BC65A1CA92C60FCD72010" box="[649,772,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pseudonympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cowani">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7BC65A1CA92C60FCD72010" box="[649,772,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ht. cowani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C7BC65A1D332C61FC402010" author="Lees" box="[787,915,332,356]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Lees, D. C. (1997) Systematics and biogeography of Madagascan mycalesine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae). Unpubl. PhD thesis, University of London, London, 411 pp." type="book" year="1997">Lees, 1997</bibRefCitation>
: 60–61; Lees
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7BC65A1A0F2C60FBBD2011" box="[1071,1134,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.,</emphasis>
2003: note 31).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C7BC65A1EE72C42FEF32317" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1406]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7BC65A1EE72C42FD0120FC" bold="true" box="[199,722,367,392]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Additional information. DNA divergences</emphasis>
: COI-5P cluster number BOLD:ACW4993 (BMAD261-15, CK510) is shared with and 0.052% divergent to that of
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7BC65A1D082CB8FC7420D8" box="[808,935,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pseudonympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cowani">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7BC65A1D082CB8FC7420D8" box="[808,935,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ht. cowani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(BMAD122-15, DL14Z-050, Anjozorobe), whereas about 10% divergent to
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7BC65A1C2B2C94FD7A20A4" box="[523,681,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exocellata">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7BC65A1C2B2C94FD7A20A4" box="[523,681,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ht. exocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<accessionNumber id="947D6BC74C7BC65A1C992C9AFCFE20A4" box="[697,813,439,464]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ666704" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FJ666704</accessionNumber>
, 549 bp compared). There is limited evidence so far of haplotype fixation. Where in the 434th and 439th nucleotide position of the DNA barcode,
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7BC65A1AA32CCDFB2D2083" box="[1155,1278,480,503]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pseudonympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cowani">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7BC65A1AA32CCDFB2D2083" box="[1155,1278,480,503]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ht. cowani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a G and a C (as in
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7BC65A1ED82F29FE45236F" box="[248,406,514,539]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exocellata">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7BC65A1ED82F29FE45236F" box="[248,406,514,539]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ht. exocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7BC65A1F8E2F29FD93236F" box="[430,576,516,539]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mimetica">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7BC65A1F8E2F29FD93236F" box="[430,576,516,539]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ht. mimetica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has an A and a C (n=
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C7BC65A1D192F2EFCB6236F" box="[825,869,514,539]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
both cases). This is then a case of virtual barcode sharing with morphological divergence. More detailed genetic studies are required to investigate further this species pair.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C7BC65A1EE72F43FBC62543" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C7BC65A1EE72F43FCFB23F3" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1406]" box="[199,808,622,647]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7BC65A1EE72F43FE3623F3" bold="true" box="[199,485,622,647]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Phylogeny/sister species</emphasis>
: sister species is
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7BC65A1C862F5DFCF223F3" box="[678,801,624,647]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pseudonympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cowani">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7BC65A1C862F5DFCF223F3" box="[678,801,624,647]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ht. cowani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C7BC65A1EE72FBFFE2523DF" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1406]" box="[199,502,658,683]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7BC65A1EE72FBFFE2523DF" bold="true" box="[199,502,658,683]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ecology and distribution.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C7BC65A1EE72F9BFB3B2263" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1406]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7BC65A1EE72F9BFEF023BB" bold="true" box="[199,291,694,719]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Habitat</emphasis>
: found in Makira in a rather open forest structure dominated by
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7BC65A1A0D2F95FA4F23BB" authority="Baill." authorityName="Baill." box="[1069,1436,694,719]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Uapaca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7BC65A1A0D2F95FB5523BB" box="[1069,1158,696,719]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Uapaca</emphasis>
Baill. (
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7BC65A1AC42F9BFA4123BB" box="[1252,1426,694,719]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Phyllanthaceae</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
growing on quartzite substrate, next to a stream (pers. obs.). Similar habitat on quartzite exists in Anjanaharibe Sud, and it is possible that such forest on poor substrates has an unusually light-penetrating nature.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C7BC65A1EE72E0FFB1422BF" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1406]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7BC65A1EE72E0FFE90224F" bold="true" box="[199,323,802,827]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Behaviour</emphasis>
: flies low, apparently mimetic of
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7BC65A1C9C2E09FCF5224F" box="[700,806,802,827]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabas">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7BC65A1C9C2E09FCF5224F" box="[700,806,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ht. sabas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in flight, as first noted by Claire Kremen (pers. comm.). All individuals were caught low down along or near the path;
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7BC65A1D482E65FC28222B" box="[872,1019,840,863]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mimetica">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7BC65A1D482E65FC28222B" box="[872,1019,840,863]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ht. mimetica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, like
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7BC65A1A1F2E65FB10222B" box="[1087,1219,840,863]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7BC65A1A1F2E65FB6C222B" box="[1087,1215,840,863]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pseudonympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cowani">Ht. cowani</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
seems reluctant to come to fruit bait. The key functional aspect of this whitening seems to be translucence, which in sunspots seems to make the space-CuA1 ocellus stand out in a more (frightening?) way. Translucence may also be an aspect to the wing pattern convergence for the HW, considering the HWV pattern is visible on the upperside.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C7BC65A1EE72EFBFF3C2566" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1406]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7BC65A1EE72EFBFEEE229B" bold="true" box="[199,317,982,1007]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Hostplant</emphasis>
: unknown, but presumed to be grasses (rather than bamboos), which are also frequented by
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7BC65A1B592EF5FF3B2567" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pseudonympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cowani">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7BC65A1B592EF5FF3B2567" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ht. cowani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C7BC65A1EE72933FBC62543" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1406]" box="[199,1045,1054,1080]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7BC65A1EE72933FE8B2543" bold="true" box="[199,344,1054,1079]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Early stages</emphasis>
: unknown, apart from one expressed egg (not described here).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C7BC65A1EE7296FFB6B25B3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C7BC65A1EE7296FFAE025D6" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1406]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7BC65A1EE7296FFE8A252F" bold="true" box="[199,345,1090,1115]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Distribution</emphasis>
: replacement species of
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7BC65A1CA52969FCD5252F" box="[645,774,1092,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pseudonympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cowani">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7BC65A1CA52969FCD5252F" box="[645,774,1092,1115]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ht. cowani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
endemic to the rainforest of northeast
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C7BC65A1AFF296FFAB5252F" box="[1247,1382,1090,1115]" name="Madagascar" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
and apparently extremely localized, known from only two very localised sites (
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C7BC65A1DFB294BFBFE250B" box="[987,1069,1126,1151]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="92.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[325,1224,254,1731]" captionTargetId="figure@92.[316,1247,230,1746]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURE 30. Distribution maps. A. Purple: Heteropsis vanewrighti Lees, sp. nov. Green: Ht. pauliani Lees, sp. nov. Yellow: Ht. mimetica Lees &amp; Kremen, sp. nov. Light blue: Ht. hazovola Lees &amp; Raharitsimba, sp. nov. Turquoise: Ht. imerina Lees, sp. nov. [northern populations overlapping with Ht. vanewrighti and Ht. pauliani are not shown]. Pink: Ht. westwoodi Lees, sp. nov. B. Red: Ht. avaratra Lees &amp; Kremen, sp. nov. Light blue: Ht. kremenae Lees, sp. nov. Fawn: Ht. vertigo Lees &amp; Raharitsimba, sp. nov. C. Ochre: Ht. roussettae Lees &amp; Kremen, sp. nov. Slate-blue: Ht. menamenoides Lees, sp. nov. Olive: Ht. lanyvary Lees, sp. nov. Dark green: Ht. borgo Lees, sp. nov. Light green: Ht. barbarae Lees &amp; Kremen, sp. nov. Brown: Ht. oberthueri Lees, sp. nov. Dark pink: Ht. tianae Lees &amp; Kremen, sp. nov. D. Mid green: Ht. sogai Lees, sp. nov. Dark brown: Ht. tornado Lees, Allaoui &amp; Aduse-Poku, sp. nov. Lilac: Ht. harveyi Lees &amp; Kremen, sp. nov. Light brown: centraleastern populations of Ht. harveyi complex. Scale bar: 500 km." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264627/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
A, yellow dots). The species was searched for in its
<typeStatus id="549548864C7BC65A1F4529A6FE4625D7" box="[357,405,1163,1187]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">type</typeStatus>
locality in
<date id="FF90D0E44C7BC65A1C3529A7FD1E25D7" box="[533,717,1162,1187]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2014-11">November 2014</date>
, at a similar date to the HT specimen, without success.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C7BC65A1EE72983FB6B25B3" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1406]" box="[199,1208,1198,1224]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7BC65A1EE72983FEB425B3" bold="true" box="[199,359,1198,1223]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Conservation</emphasis>
: highly range restricted, but the species is currently protected by two parks.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C7BC65A1EE729FFFC9C259F" box="[199,847,1234,1259]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C7BC65A1EE729FFFC9C259F" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1406]" box="[199,847,1234,1259]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7BC65A1EE729FFFE4A259F" bold="true" box="[199,409,1234,1259]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Elevational range</emphasis>
:
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C7BC65A1F8829FFFDF4259E" box="[424,551,1234,1259]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.625" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="7.75" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="862.5" valueMax="950.0" valueMin="775.0">775–950 m</quantity>
(n=18 incl. observations).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C7BC65A1EE729DBFCB3240A" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C7BC65A1EE729DBFCB3240A" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1406]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7BC65A1EE729DBFE6F247B" bold="true" box="[199,444,1270,1295]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Referred specimens.</emphasis>
♂, NE
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C7BC65A1C3C29DBFD76247B" box="[540,677,1270,1295]" name="Madagascar" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Ankiatomboka-Vohibola, descending to river from O3, c
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C7BC65A1B6B29DBFA44247B" box="[1355,1431,1270,1295]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="760.0">760 m</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C7BC65A1EB72830FED92442" box="[151,266,1306,1334]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="5" value="-15.1726">15.1726o S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C7BC65A1F392833FE5E2441" box="[281,397,1306,1334]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="5" value="49.3913">49.3913o E</geoCoordinate>
+/-
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C7BC65A1FE02830FDC02442" box="[448,531,1309,1334]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="km" value="1.5">1.5 km</quantity>
,
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C7BC65A1C002830FD782441" box="[544,683,1309,1334]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.75" metricValueMax="7.8" metricValueMin="7.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="775.0" valueMax="780.0" valueMin="770.0">775 +/- 5 m</quantity>
<date id="FF90D0E44C7BC65A1C942833FCE52442" box="[692,822,1310,1334]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2001-12-10">10/12/2001</date>
, 09:46, D.C. Lees:
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C7BC65A1A372830FB922442" box="[1047,1089,1309,1334]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">DL</collectionCode>
01-175, 267 [=
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C7BC65A1AD22830FACA2442" box="[1266,1305,1309,1334]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">DL</collectionCode>
0267,
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C7BC65A1B402833FA4E2442" box="[1376,1437,1310,1334]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">DNA</collectionCode>
extract number; cytochrome b],
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C7BC65A1C20286FFD84242E" box="[512,599,1346,1370]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">BMNH</collectionCode>
(E) 697383, KA561 [=KA-P561,
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C7BC65A1DEE286FFBD8242E" box="[974,1035,1346,1370]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">DNA</collectionCode>
extract number]; ♀, data as HT but
<date id="FF90D0E44C7BC65A1EB72848FED8240A" box="[151,267,1381,1406]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1996-03-22">22/3/1996</date>
, H. Raharitsimba:
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C7BC65A1FFD2848FDD0240A" box="[477,515,1381,1406]" name="Chile" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">TR</collectingCountry>
617; ♀, data as HT but CK520.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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