221 lines
26 KiB
XML
221 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="BE08F0A85D85C9B12115D0473485194C" ID-CLB-Dataset="38930" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="264597" ID-ZooBank="CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1465242077321" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="C, Lees David" docDate="2016" docId="038747324C4FC66E1EB72FD1FAB4267D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4118.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4118 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Heteropsis strigula" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="58" masterDocId="FFBE3F4A4C76C6571E202D2DFFD32174" masterDocTitle="Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision" masterLastPageNumber="97" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="58" updateTime="1698662715872" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="CE081A9C45152307094A0CF7FFD43BC8">Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F067449A7240984B60B1EE624CE189A5">C, Lees David</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="038747324C4FC66E1EB72FD1FAB4267D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6086438" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120817124" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6086438" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038747324C4FC66E1EB72FD1FAB4267D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038747324C4FC66E1EB72FD1FAB4267D" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C4FC66E1EB72FD1FE1E2262" box="[151,461,764,790]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B91F6244C4FC66E1EB72FD1FE1E2262" blockId="57.[151,461,764,790]" box="[151,461,764,790]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<heading id="D0D941484C4FC66E1EB72FD1FE1E2262" bold="true" box="[151,461,764,790]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4FC66E1EB72FD1FE1E2262" bold="true" box="[151,461,764,790]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4FC66E1EB72FD1FEAF2262" box="[151,380,764,790]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigula">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4FC66E1EB72FD1FEAF2262" bold="true" box="[151,380,764,790]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Heteropsis strigula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C4FC66E1EB72E68FAB4267D" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B91F6244C4FC66E1EB72E68FAB4267D" blockId="57.[151,1437,834,1801]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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The
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4FC66E1EEB2E6BFE9E222A" box="[203,333,837,862]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigula">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4FC66E1EEB2E6BFE9E222A" box="[203,333,837,862]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ht. strigula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group (the ‘
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4FC66E1C152E68FD5F222A" box="[565,652,837,862]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigula">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4FC66E1C152E68FD5F222A" box="[565,652,837,862]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">strigula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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15 ’ group of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C4FC66E1D322E6BFC35222A" author="Torres" box="[786,998,837,862]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refString="Torres, E., Lees, D. C., Vane-Wright, R. I., Kremen, C., Leonard, J. A. & Wayne, R. K. (2001) Examining monophyly in a large radiation of Madagascan butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae: Mycalesina) based on mitochondrial DNA data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 20, 460 - 473. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1006 / mpev. 2001.0984" type="journal article" year="2001">
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Torres
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4FC66E1D412E6BFC48222A" box="[865,923,837,862]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2001
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</bibRefCitation>
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), now including
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4FC66E1A842E6BFAFA222A" box="[1188,1321,837,862]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tornado">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4FC66E1A842E6BFAFA222A" box="[1188,1321,837,862]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ht. tornado</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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described here (Aduse-Poku
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4FC66E1F532E40FE6422F1" box="[371,439,876,901]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">et al.,</emphasis>
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2015) is a monophyletic clade, consisting of a diverse, primarily rainforest-interior, radiation of butterflies 100% endemic to
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<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C4FC66E1C452EBDFD3F22DD" box="[613,748,912,937]" name="Madagascar" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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(a few species occur in mesic parts of deciduous forest, or in swampland at the margins of forest). This clade is at least partially supported by morphology (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C4FC66E1AF92E98FA4722B9" author="Lees" box="[1241,1428,948,973]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refString="Lees, D. C. (1997) Systematics and biogeography of Madagascan mycalesine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae). Unpubl. PhD thesis, University of London, London, 411 pp." type="book" year="1997">Lees, 1997: 156</bibRefCitation>
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) although it was weakly or not at all (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C4FC66E1C172EF5FCDB2284" author="Torres" box="[567,776,984,1009]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refString="Torres, E., Lees, D. C., Vane-Wright, R. I., Kremen, C., Leonard, J. A. & Wayne, R. K. (2001) Examining monophyly in a large radiation of Madagascan butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae: Mycalesina) based on mitochondrial DNA data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 20, 460 - 473. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1006 / mpev. 2001.0984" type="journal article" year="2001">
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Torres
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4FC66E1CA82EF4FD1B2285" box="[648,712,984,1009]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">et al.,</emphasis>
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2001
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</bibRefCitation>
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) supported by mitochondrial DNA (COII and cytochrome b). Eight species sampled within it that include
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4FC66E1C8D2ED0FC172561" authority="Ward, 1870" authorityName="Ward" authorityYear="1870" box="[685,964,1020,1045]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ankova">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4FC66E1C8D2ED0FCFB2561" box="[685,808,1020,1045]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ht. ankova</emphasis>
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(Ward, 1870)
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</taxonomicName>
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placed by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C4FC66E1A1E2ED0FB6A2561" author="Lees" box="[1086,1209,1021,1045]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refString="Lees, D. C. (1997) Systematics and biogeography of Madagascan mycalesine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae). Unpubl. PhD thesis, University of London, London, 411 pp." type="book" year="1997">
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Lees,
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<quantity id="4CD65BC14C4FC66E1AA12ED0FB6A2561" box="[1153,1209,1021,1045]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.07238" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="in" value="1997.0">1997</quantity>
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</bibRefCitation>
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in a separate group, (the
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4FC66E1EEB290CFE94254D" box="[203,327,1056,1081]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ankova">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4FC66E1EEB290CFE94254D" box="[203,327,1056,1081]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ht. ankova</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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clade of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4FC66E1FFD290CFD8C254D" box="[477,607,1056,1081]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigula">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4FC66E1FFD290CFD8C254D" box="[477,607,1056,1081]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ht. strigula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group that sometimes included
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4FC66E1DEC290CFB82254D" box="[972,1105,1056,1081]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tornado">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4FC66E1DEC290CFB82254D" box="[972,1105,1056,1081]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ht. tornado</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) are united by a single C->T transversion in the highly conserved 28SDDFF region that is not observed elsewhere in the
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<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C4FC66E1AE22969FAFC2529" box="[1218,1327,1092,1117]" name="Madagascar" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Malagasy</collectingCountry>
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satyrines (dataset of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C4FC66E1F332945FDC725F4" author="Monaghan" box="[275,532,1128,1153]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refString="Monaghan, M. T., Wild, R., Elliot, E., Fujisawa, T., Balke, M, Inward, D. J. G., Lees, D. C., Ranaivosolo, R., Eggleton, P., Barraclough, T. G. & Vogler, A. P. (2009) Accelerated species inventory on Madagascar using coalescent-based models of species delineation. Systematic Biology, 58, 298 - 311. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / sysbio / syp 027" type="journal article" year="2009">
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Monaghan
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4FC66E1FB12944FE0325F5" box="[401,464,1128,1153]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">et al.,</emphasis>
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2009
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Now with the ten gene study of Aduse-Poku
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4FC66E1A3D2944FB8F25F5" box="[1053,1116,1128,1153]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">et al.,</emphasis>
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(2015, see
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<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C4FC66E1AFC2945FACE25F4" box="[1244,1309,1128,1153]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1711,1733]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,492,1675]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[150,1437,481,1690]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 1. Venation and wing patterning diagram of a fairly typical species of Heteropsis from Madagascar (Heteropis antahala group; ♂), DV. Sdbp = Supra-discocellular brush and patch. Cub = Cubital brush. Ventral banding: Cb = Costal bars. Mf = Median fleck (pale highlight). Mb = Median band. PMb = Premedian band. Ore = Ocellus ring extension. Pml = Premarginal line. Sml = Submarginal line." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264598/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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and Suppl. File S4) that included 13 sampled members, the slightly expanded
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4FC66E1D8529A0FBFA25D1" box="[933,1065,1164,1189]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigula">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4FC66E1D8529A0FBFA25D1" box="[933,1065,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ht. strigula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group is shown to be the wellsupported sister of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4FC66E1FB7299CFDE225BD" box="[407,561,1200,1225]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subsimilis">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4FC66E1FB7299CFDE225BD" box="[407,561,1200,1225]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ht. subsimilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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clade, which might possibly be (with submarginal bootstrap support) sister to a clade consisting of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4FC66E1FA129F8FDC02598" box="[385,531,1237,1260]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="narcissus">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4FC66E1FA129F8FDC02598" box="[385,531,1237,1260]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ht. narcissus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4FC66E1C0329F8FC8C2599" authority="Balletto & Lees, 2012" authorityName="Balletto & Lees" authorityYear="2012" box="[547,863,1236,1261]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="species" species="sensu">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4FC66E1C0329F8FDB22598" box="[547,609,1237,1260]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">sensu</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C4FC66E1C4729F9FC8C2599" author="Balletto" box="[615,863,1236,1261]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refString="Balletto, E. & Lees, D. C. (2012) Case 3573 - Papilio narcissus Fabricius, 1798 (currently Heteropsis narcissus; Lepidoptera, NYMPHALIDAE): proposed conservation of the specific name. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 69, 260 - 265." type="journal article" year="2012">Balletto & Lees, 2012</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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) +
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4FC66E1DA329F8FBCF2599" box="[899,1052,1236,1261]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ankaratra">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4FC66E1DA329F8FBCF2599" box="[899,1052,1236,1261]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ht. ankaratra</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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. Five sampled members of the
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4FC66E1B5929F8FF3D2465" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigula">
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||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4FC66E1B5929F8FF3D2465" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ht. strigula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
group were submarginally supported (pp=0.86) in the three-gene study of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C4FC66E1A1C29D5FA4B2464" box="[1084,1432,1272,1297]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refString="Kodandaramaiah, U., Lees, D. C., Muller, C. J., Torres, E., Karanth, C. P. & Wahlberg, N. (2010) Phylogenetics and biogeography of a spectacular Old World radiation of butterflies: the subtribe Mycalesina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrini). BMC Evolutionary Biology, 10, 172. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1186 / 1471 - 2148 - 10 - 172" type="journal article">
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Kodandaramaiah
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4FC66E1B2329D4FA902465" box="[1283,1347,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">et al.,</emphasis>
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||
(2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. As for the
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4FC66E1F342830FE632441" box="[276,432,1308,1333]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subsimilis">
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||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4FC66E1F342830FE632441" box="[276,432,1308,1333]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ht. subsimilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group, ♂♂ and ♀♀ are similar, apart mainly from size and androconial and/or inflated HW vein differences. ♀♀ of some species are as yet unknown. Both sexes are attracted strongly to fruit as adults, do not fly high, and seem to specialise on forest (or sometimes marshland) grasses. Most species (apart from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4FC66E1B592848FF2324D5" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tornado">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4FC66E1B592848FF2324D5" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ht. tornado</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and from the members
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4FC66E1C2628A4FD5B24D5" box="[518,648,1416,1441]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4FC66E1C2628A4FD5624D5" box="[518,645,1416,1441]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ankova">Ht. ankova</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4FC66E1CB028A4FC6724D4" authority="Butler, 1880" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1880" box="[656,948,1416,1441]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turbata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4FC66E1CB028A4FCDD24D5" box="[656,782,1416,1441]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ht. turbata</emphasis>
|
||
(Butler, 1880)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4FC66E1DCC28A4FAFF24D5" authority="Oberthur, 1916" authorityName="Oberthur" authorityYear="1916" box="[1004,1324,1416,1441]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Culapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4FC66E1DCC28A4FBB524D5" box="[1004,1126,1416,1441]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ht. pallida</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C4FC66E1A5628A5FAF724D5" author="Oberthur" box="[1142,1316,1416,1441]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refString="Oberthur, C. (1916) Observations sur une centurie d'Especes de Lepidopteres Rhopaloceres malagaches. Etudes de Lepidopterologie Comparee, 11, 177 - 244." type="journal article" year="1916">Oberthür, 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that were recovered as sister to the rest of the group in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C4FC66E1CB42880FCC024B1" author="Lees" box="[660,787,1453,1477]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refString="Lees, D. C. (1997) Systematics and biogeography of Madagascan mycalesine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae). Unpubl. PhD thesis, University of London, London, 411 pp." type="book" year="1997">Lees, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 156, although equivocally, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C4FC66E1A5C2880FB2824B1" author="Lees" box="[1148,1275,1453,1477]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refString="Lees, D. C. (1997) Systematics and biogeography of Madagascan mycalesine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae). Unpubl. PhD thesis, University of London, London, 411 pp." type="book" year="1997">Lees, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 168, and also apart from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4FC66E1F3328FCFE7C249C" box="[275,431,1489,1512]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roussettae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4FC66E1F3328FCFE7C249C" box="[275,431,1489,1512]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ht. roussettae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described below) show reduction in ocellus expression in the HW, so that only the space- CuA1 ocellus is expressed, as apparently parallelled in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4FC66E1D7728D8FC252779" box="[855,1014,1524,1549]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subsimilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4FC66E1D7728D8FC252779" box="[855,1014,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ht. subsimilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, as described above. Var i ou s species show from LV a combination of relatively straight or gently sinuate ‘neck’ to the uncus before the apical hook, a relatively asymmetric valve base and the extensive development of spinoid setae on the valve tips, and a few members (belonging to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4FC66E1FFE2B4CFD45270D" box="[478,662,1632,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angulifascia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4FC66E1FFE2B4CFD45270D" box="[478,662,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ht. angulifascia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade) show a striking planification of the gnathos into an ear-like structure, and wavy androconial tufts from HW space-CuA2 sometimes correlate with ventral androconial scale patches. The main radiation occurs throughout the eastern rainforest biome, but one member,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4FC66E1A982B84FF092791" authority="Mabille, 1878" authorityName="Mabille" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Mycalesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maeva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4FC66E1A982B84FAFF27B4" box="[1208,1324,1705,1728]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ht. maeva</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C4FC66E1B1C2B85FF012791" author="Mabille" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refString="Mabille, P. (1878) Lepidoptera Africana. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 3, 81 - 95." type="journal article" year="1878">Mabille, 1878</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, also occurs in Western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C4FC66E1FCA2BE1FDA72791" box="[490,628,1740,1765]" name="Madagascar" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4FC66E1C5D2BE0FD282791" box="[637,763,1740,1765]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turbata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4FC66E1C5D2BE0FD282791" box="[637,763,1740,1765]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ht. turbata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4FC66E1D112BE0FC792791" box="[817,938,1740,1765]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Culapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4FC66E1D112BE0FC792791" box="[817,938,1740,1765]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ht. pallida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are unusual in that they occur outside forest margins in marshy areas, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4FC66E1C382BDCFD40267D" box="[536,659,1776,1801]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ankova">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4FC66E1C382BDCFD40267D" box="[536,659,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ht. ankova</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as well as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4FC66E1D2D2BDCFC49267D" box="[781,922,1776,1801]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanyvary" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4FC66E1D2D2BDCFC49267D" box="[781,922,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ht. lanyvary</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269974D4C4FC66E1D812BDDFC29267D" box="[929,1018,1776,1801]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4FC66E1D812BDDFC29267D" bold="true" box="[929,1018,1776,1801]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
fly just inside the forest margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |