630 lines
78 KiB
XML
630 lines
78 KiB
XML
<document id="CC3BBBF96695BFFEE87CFB2B73263C7F" ID-CLB-Dataset="38930" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="264597" ID-ZooBank="CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1465242077321" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="C, Lees David" docDate="2016" docId="038747324C4FC6691EB72A7CFAA72543" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4118.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4118 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Heteropsis tornado Lees, Allaoui & Aduse-Poku, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="63" masterDocId="FFBE3F4A4C76C6571E202D2DFFD32174" masterDocTitle="Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision" masterLastPageNumber="97" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="58" updateTime="1698662715872" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="10BBE5649ABA0C69AEF4741FCB66EBDC">Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="389459A94EFA014A810F454935276B01" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="1AB00C2C92647E1F18551A0B68130703">C, Lees David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8CF03B90C662C22D2687564D64CA2BCE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1FB07934C4308930F794B0A794150C6B">
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<mods:date id="469D9EFA6C801F7DE56C8B6A24BE9962">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="756CDE353054F9F80361D6B16D8566E5" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="914B586A428C654A0CC25682B67B9471">4118</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="6DE3A1C8B7D3D0783402931C02CCDD21" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038747324C4FC6691EB72A7CFAA72543" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6086440" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120817125" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6086440" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038747324C4FC6691EB72A7CFAA72543" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038747324C4FC6691EB72A7CFAA72543" lastPageId="62" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C4FC66E1EB72A7CFBF026F9" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B91F6244C4FC66E1EB72A7CFC87261F" blockId="57.[151,1059,1873,1933]" box="[151,852,1873,1899]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<heading id="D0D941484C4FC66E1EB72A7CFC87261F" bold="true" box="[151,852,1873,1899]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4FC66E1EB72A7CFC87261F" bold="true" box="[151,852,1873,1899]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4FC66E1EB72A7CFD3A261F" authority="Lees, Allaoui & Aduse-Poku" authorityName="Lees, Allaoui & Aduse-Poku" box="[151,745,1873,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tornado" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4FC66E1EB72A7CFEAE261F" bold="true" box="[151,381,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Heteropsis tornado</emphasis>
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Lees, Allaoui & Aduse-Poku
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269974D4C4FC66E1CD62A7CFC87261F" box="[758,852,1873,1899]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B91F6244C4FC66E1EB72A58FBF026F9" blockId="57.[151,1059,1873,1933]" box="[151,1059,1908,1933]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:22EB2840-C7CE-42D5-B26F-3DDD0DF3D763</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C4FC66E1EB72A94FC2A2682" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B91F6244C4FC66E1EB72A94FC2A2682" blockId="57.[151,1436,1977,2038]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4FC66E1EB72A94FE8426A6" bold="true" box="[151,343,1977,2002]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Prior references</emphasis>
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: sp. 54 (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C4FC66E1F962A97FDFD26A6" author="Lees" box="[438,558,1978,2002]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refString="Lees, D. C. (1997) Systematics and biogeography of Madagascan mycalesine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae). Unpubl. PhD thesis, University of London, London, 411 pp." type="book" year="1997">Lees 1997</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C4FC66E1C192A97FCDB26A6" author="Torres" box="[569,776,1977,2002]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refString="Torres, E., Lees, D. C., Vane-Wright, R. I., Kremen, C., Leonard, J. A. & Wayne, R. K. (2001) Examining monophyly in a large radiation of Madagascan butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae: Mycalesina) based on mitochondrial DNA data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 20, 460 - 473. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1006 / mpev. 2001.0984" type="journal article" year="2001">
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Torres
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4FC66E1CA62A96FD1626A6" box="[646,709,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">et al.,</emphasis>
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2001
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 462—where considered to belong to an unsampled clade); “Heteopsis_sp.nov_
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4FC66E1F572AF0FE032682" box="[375,464,2013,2038]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tornado">tornado</taxonomicName>
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” [
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4FC66E1FCA2AF3FDDA2681" box="[490,521,2014,2037]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">sic</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4FC66E1C372AF3FD672682" box="[535,692,2013,2038]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">nomen nudum</emphasis>
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] in Aduse-Poku
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4FC66E1D532AF3FC782682" box="[883,939,2013,2038]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2015.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF51A6AC4C4CC66D1EB72A4CFA9D26C0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264614/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" targetBox="[237,1351,204,1846]" targetPageId="58">
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<paragraph id="8B91F6244C4CC66D1EB72A4CFA9D26C0" blockId="58.[151,1436,1889,1972]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4CC66D1EB72A4CFEF62602" bold="true" box="[151,293,1889,1911]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
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Adults in DV (left), VV (right).
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4CC66D1CB72A4CFD7A2602" bold="true" box="[663,681,1889,1910]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">A</emphasis>
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: HT ♀ of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4CC66D1D092A4FFAE52603" authority="Lees, Allaoui & Aduse-Poku" authorityName="Lees, Allaoui & Aduse-Poku" box="[809,1334,1889,1911]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tornado" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4CC66D1D092A4FFC452603" box="[809,918,1890,1911]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Heteropsis</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4CC66D1D822A4CFC212603" box="[930,1010,1889,1911]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">tornado</emphasis>
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Lees, Allaoui & Aduse-Poku
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269974D4C4CC66D1B652A4CFA482602" box="[1349,1435,1889,1910]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4CC66D1B652A4CFA482602" bold="true" box="[1349,1435,1889,1910]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(NHMUK010289143; Anjanaharibe Sud).
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4CC66D1C7D2AADFDBD26E1" bold="true" box="[605,622,1920,1941]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">B</emphasis>
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: PT ♀ of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4CC66D1CCF2AACFCB826E1" box="[751,875,1919,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tornado">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4CC66D1CCF2AACFCB826E1" box="[751,875,1919,1942]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Ht. tornado</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Marojejy; KAP-MAD1403).
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4CC66D1A962A52FB1B26E1" bold="true" box="[1206,1224,1919,1941]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">C</emphasis>
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: ♂ of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4CC66D1B3F2AACFA4F26E1" box="[1311,1436,1919,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tornado">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4CC66D1B3F2AACFA4F26E1" box="[1311,1436,1919,1942]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Ht. tornado</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(‘Mahassabe’) [from colour transparency].
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4CC66D1C6C2AB3FD8D26C7" bold="true" box="[588,606,1950,1971]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">D</emphasis>
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||
: ♀ of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4CC66D1C812AB2FCC426C0" box="[673,791,1950,1972]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tornado">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4CC66D1C812AB2FCC426C0" box="[673,791,1950,1972]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Ht. tornado</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(‘Mahassabe’; BMNH(E) #674881). Scale bar: 30 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF51A6AC4C4DC66C1EB72A78FF0A2691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264615/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" targetBox="[234,1357,184,1854]" targetPageId="59">
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<paragraph id="8B91F6244C4DC66C1EB72A78FF0A2691" blockId="59.[151,1437,1877,2021]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4DC66C1EB72A78FEF2261E" bold="true" box="[151,289,1877,1899]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">FIGURE 18.</emphasis>
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♂ genitalia in LV (left), DV (right).
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4DC66C1C822A78FD67261E" bold="true" box="[674,692,1877,1898]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">A</emphasis>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4DC66C1CE32A7BFB6D261F" authority="Lees, Allaoui & Aduse-Poku" authorityName="Lees, Allaoui & Aduse-Poku" box="[707,1214,1877,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tornado" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4DC66C1CE32A7BFCE3261F" box="[707,816,1878,1899]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Heteropsis</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4DC66C1D182A78FC5B261F" box="[824,904,1877,1899]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">tornado</emphasis>
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Lees, Allaoui & Aduse-Poku
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269974D4C4DC66C1AE92A78FAC8261E" box="[1225,1307,1877,1898]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4DC66C1AE92A78FAC8261E" bold="true" box="[1225,1307,1877,1898]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, ♂ genitalia (‘Mahassabe’; 362DL) (detail of valve inset; drawing modified after Lees, 1997: 106); not to scale.
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4DC66C1A9E2A59FB1C26FD" bold="true" box="[1214,1231,1908,1929]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">B</emphasis>
|
||
: ♂ genitalia of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4DC66C1B5C2A58FF3D26DC" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanyvary">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4DC66C1B5C2A58FF3D26DC" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Ht. lanyvary</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. (left: DL-05-761; right: DL-05-845).
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4DC66C1C5F2ABFFD4226DC" bold="true" box="[639,657,1938,1960]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">C</emphasis>
|
||
: ♂ genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4DC66C1D182ABEFBD826DC" box="[824,1035,1938,1960]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbarae" status="sp. nov.">
|
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4DC66C1D182ABEFBD826DC" box="[824,1035,1938,1960]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Heteropsis barbarae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269974D4C4DC66C1A332ABEFBB026DC" box="[1043,1123,1939,1960]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(Antsamanarana R., Masoala; CK30, 141DL).
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4DC66C1F1C2A9CFE9D26B2" bold="true" box="[316,334,1969,1990]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">D</emphasis>
|
||
: ♂ genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4DC66C1FCD2A9FFCFD26B3" authority="Lees" authorityName="Lees" box="[493,814,1969,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menamenoides" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4DC66C1FCD2A9FFD8926B3" box="[493,602,1970,1991]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Heteropsis</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4DC66C1C402A9CFD2526B3" box="[608,758,1969,1991]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">menamenoides</emphasis>
|
||
Lees
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269974D4C4DC66C1D182A9CFC5B26B2" box="[824,904,1969,1990]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4DC66C1D182A9CFC5B26B2" bold="true" box="[824,904,1969,1990]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(Mt. Bekolosy; DLBEK94_180; 231DL). Scale bar: 3 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C4AC66B1EE72DBAFC0820C6" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C4AC66B1EE72DBAFED3206B" blockId="60.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4AC66B1EE72DBAFD0C21C4" bold="true" box="[199,735,151,176]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549548864C4AC66B1EE72DBAFED121C4" box="[199,258,151,176]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material., Deposition
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C4AC66B1C2A2DBAFDB521C4" box="[522,614,151,176]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<typeStatus id="549548864C4AC66B1C522DBAFD0C21C4" box="[626,735,151,176]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: ♀ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C4AC66B1D322DBAFCB021C4" box="[786,867,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1889,1911]" captionTargetBox="[237,1351,204,1846]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[221,1366,193,1867]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 17. Adults in DV (left), VV (right). A: HT ♀ of Heteropsis tornado Lees, Allaoui & Aduse-Poku, sp. nov. (NHMUK 010289143; Anjanaharibe Sud). B: PT ♀ of Ht. tornado (Marojejy; KAP-MAD 1403). C: ♂ of Ht. tornado (‘ Mahassabe’) [from colour transparency]. D: ♀ of Ht. tornado (‘ Mahassabe’; BMNH (E) # 674881). Scale bar: 30 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264614/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
A),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C4AC66B1DAF2DBAFBC521C4" box="[911,1046,151,176]" name="Madagascar" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
NE, R.S. Anjanaharibe Sud, slope above R. Marolakana, road between Befingotra and Analamazava,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C4AC66B1DB12D93FBD621A3" box="[913,1029,187,215]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" precision="5" value="-14.7676">14.7676o S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C4AC66B1A332D93FB5521A3" box="[1043,1158,187,215]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" precision="5" value="49.4815">49.4815o E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
+/-
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C4AC66B1A982D92FACB21A3" box="[1208,1304,190,215]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="km" value="0.01">0.01 km</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C4AC66B1B042D92FF7C218E" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.005" metricValueMin="0.9949999999999999" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="1000.0" valueMax="1005.0" valueMin="995.0">1000 +/- 5 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C4AC66B1EE12DCEFE97218F" box="[193,324,227,251]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" value="2014-11-20">20/11/2014</date>
|
||
: 09:07, Ahamadi Allaoui.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C4AC66B1CA62DCFFD7D218F" box="[646,686,226,251]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">DL</collectionCode>
|
||
14A-0245, IA518 [isotope voucher],
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C4AC66B1A462DCEFB03218F" box="[1126,1232,227,251]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
010289143 [
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C4AC66B1B412DCEFA4F218F" box="[1377,1436,227,251]" name="Qatar" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">QTR</collectingCountry>
|
||
barcode].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C4AC66B1EE72C00FC0820C6" blockId="60.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549548864C4AC66B1EE72C00FEE72032" box="[199,308,301,326]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4AC66B1EE72C00FEE72032" bold="true" box="[199,308,301,326]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Paratype</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4AC66B1F642C00FDC02032" bold="true" box="[324,531,301,326]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
Deposition
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C4AC66B1FED2C00FDC02032" box="[461,531,301,326]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">ABRI</collectionCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: ♀
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4AC66B1C622C00FD982032" bold="true" box="[578,587,301,326]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">(</emphasis>
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C4AC66B1C6C2C00FD4D2032" box="[588,670,301,326]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1889,1911]" captionTargetBox="[237,1351,204,1846]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[221,1366,193,1867]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 17. Adults in DV (left), VV (right). A: HT ♀ of Heteropsis tornado Lees, Allaoui & Aduse-Poku, sp. nov. (NHMUK 010289143; Anjanaharibe Sud). B: PT ♀ of Ht. tornado (Marojejy; KAP-MAD 1403). C: ♂ of Ht. tornado (‘ Mahassabe’) [from colour transparency]. D: ♀ of Ht. tornado (‘ Mahassabe’; BMNH (E) # 674881). Scale bar: 30 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264614/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
B),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C4AC66B1CE92C00FC832032" box="[713,848,301,326]" name="Madagascar" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
NE, P.N. Marojejy,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C4AC66B1A1C2C00FB542031" box="[1084,1159,301,326]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="670.0">670 m</quantity>
|
||
, [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C4AC66B1ABB2C00FAC12032" box="[1179,1298,298,326]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" precision="5" value="-14.4354">14.4354o S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C4AC66B1B002C00FA442031" box="[1312,1431,298,326]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" precision="5" value="49.7647">49.7647o E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; using GPS point 30B672], ridge above “Vallée de Brookesia” below “Camp 2 Marojejy” and above Manantenina river, primary rainforest, on path,
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C4AC66B1C692C5BFD1820FA" box="[585,715,374,398]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" value="2014-01-29">29/01/2014</date>
|
||
, Kwaku Aduse-Poku,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C4AC66B1DC72C5BFBF920FA" box="[999,1066,374,398]" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dqz8-sfkc" name="Madras Museum" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">MAD</collectionCode>
|
||
1403 [=KAP-MAD1403;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C4AC66B1B402C5BFA4E20FA" box="[1376,1437,374,398]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">DNA</collectionCode>
|
||
voucher]|KA1015 [=KA-P1015; extract number]|IA313 [isotope voucher].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C4AC66B1EE72C90FCFF20A2" box="[199,812,445,470]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C4AC66B1EE72C90FCFF20A2" blockId="60.[151,1437,151,2021]" box="[199,812,445,470]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4AC66B1EE72C90FE6D20A2" bold="true" box="[199,446,445,470]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Deposition summary</emphasis>
|
||
: BMNH (HT ♀); ABRI (PT ♀).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C4AC66B1EE72CC9FF672354" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C4AC66B1EE72CC9FF672354" blockId="60.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4AC66B1EE72CC9FEB42089" bold="true" box="[199,359,484,509]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549548864C4AC66B1EE72CC9FED12089" box="[199,258,484,509]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Anjanaharibe Sud, slope above R. Marolakana,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C4AC66B1DB02CC9FBD02089" box="[912,1027,481,509]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" precision="5" value="-14.7676">14.7676o S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C4AC66B1A312CC9FB562088" box="[1041,1157,481,509]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" precision="5" value="49.4815">49.4815o E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
+/-
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C4AC66B1A972CC8FACB2089" box="[1207,1304,484,509]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="km" value="0.01">0.01 km</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C4AC66B1B042CC8FF632354" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.005" metricValueMin="0.9949999999999999" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="1000.0" valueMax="1005.0" valueMin="995.0">
|
||
1000 +/-
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D283DAD4C4AC66B1BAE2CC9FF632354" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="generic">5 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C4AC66B1EE72F01FA54238D" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C4AC66B1EE72F01FA54238D" blockId="60.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4AC66B1EE72F01FE922331" bold="true" box="[199,321,556,581]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
The species is very distinctive especially on the underside (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C4AC66B1A002F01FBA22331" box="[1056,1137,556,581]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1889,1911]" captionTargetBox="[237,1351,204,1846]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[221,1366,193,1867]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 17. Adults in DV (left), VV (right). A: HT ♀ of Heteropsis tornado Lees, Allaoui & Aduse-Poku, sp. nov. (NHMUK 010289143; Anjanaharibe Sud). B: PT ♀ of Ht. tornado (Marojejy; KAP-MAD 1403). C: ♂ of Ht. tornado (‘ Mahassabe’) [from colour transparency]. D: ♀ of Ht. tornado (‘ Mahassabe’; BMNH (E) # 674881). Scale bar: 30 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264614/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
) and not readily confused with any other species. It has a superficial resemblance though on the dorsal surface to
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4AC66B1A5B2F7CFA52231D" box="[1147,1409,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4AC66B1A5B2F7CFB22231D" box="[1147,1265,592,617]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Mycalesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iboina">Ht. iboina</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4AC66B1ADD2F7CFA52231D" box="[1277,1409,592,617]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tornado">Ht. tornado</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is significantly larger than the typical small size of the four known members of (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C4AC66B1A612F58FB6C23F9" author="Lees" box="[1089,1215,629,653]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refString="Lees, D. C. (1997) Systematics and biogeography of Madagascan mycalesine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae). Unpubl. PhD thesis, University of London, London, 411 pp." type="book" year="1997">Lees, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4AC66B1B392F58FA4F23F9" box="[1305,1436,628,653]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4AC66B1B392F58FA4F23F9" box="[1305,1436,628,653]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Ht. strigula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4AC66B1EC82FB4FD5523C5" box="[232,646,664,689]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4AC66B1EC82FB4FEB523C5" box="[232,358,664,689]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ankova">Ht. ankova</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4AC66B1F512FB4FE2D23C5" box="[369,510,664,689]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanyvary">Ht. lanyvary</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4AC66B1C292FB4FD5523C5" box="[521,646,664,689]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turbata">Ht. turbata</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4AC66B1C9C2FB4FCE623C5" box="[700,821,664,689]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Culapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4AC66B1C9C2FB4FCE623C5" box="[700,821,664,689]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Ht. pallida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (three members of which formed a paraphylum in the study of Aduse-Poku
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4AC66B1FBC2F90FE0A23A1" box="[412,473,700,725]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2015), which like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4AC66B1CEA2F90FC8023A1" box="[714,851,700,725]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tornado">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4AC66B1CEA2F90FC8023A1" box="[714,851,700,725]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Ht. tornado</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
routinely show expression of HWD ocellus M3. Including referred specimens, the ♂ and ♀ are similar, but the three known ♀♀ are larger than the one known ♂.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C4AC66A1EE72E29FE1F2314" lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C4AC66A1EE72E29FE8420D8" blockId="60.[151,1437,151,2021]" lastBlockId="61.[151,1437,151,2018]" lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4AC66B1EE72E29FE7C2269" bold="true" box="[199,431,772,797]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Description. Wings</emphasis>
|
||
: upperside uniform mid brown, with a reddish-orange flush in the basal areas of both wings. FWD space-CuA1 ocellus with black iris more than spanning veins CuA1-CuA2. Orng very large, subhexagonal, orange, spanning from upper part of space-M3 down to upper half of 1A. Space-M1 ocellus is slightly elliptic (especially on the HT right FW) and quite large in comparison with
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C4AC66B1A782E5DFB1622FD" box="[1112,1221,880,905]" name="Madagascar" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Malagasy</collectingCountry>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4AC66B1AED2E5CFA9622FC" box="[1229,1349,881,904]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4AC66B1AED2E5CFA9622FC" box="[1229,1349,881,904]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Heteropsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with a quite wide black iris and narrow orange ring, which extends slightly into space-M2. In HWD three subelliptic ocelli are expressed, the smallest in space-M2, but whose ring is almost contiguous with the ring of the largest of these ocelli in space-M3 whose ring nearly spans veins M3-CuA1, the second largest and most elliptic below it in space-CuA1 spanning about ¾ of inter-vein distance CuA1-CuA2. This is an eyespot expression configuration seen in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4AC66B1EC42908FEB72549" box="[228,356,1060,1085]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ankova">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4AC66B1EC42908FEB72549" box="[228,356,1060,1085]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Ht. ankova</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade, which is reminiscent also of ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4AC66B1D392909FCBA2549" box="[793,873,1060,1085]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Telinga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4AC66B1D392909FCBA2549" box="[793,873,1060,1085]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Telinga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4AC66B1DA12909FC192549" box="[897,970,1060,1085]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">oculus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C4AC66B1DFD2909FB962549" box="[989,1093,1060,1085]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Marshall</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 1880) in the Western Ghats. Proximad of the smallest HWD ocellus, whose ring is about half the diameter of the largest, an orange Mf (median fleck) or crescent mark hugs vein M3 as far as its intersection with Mb (faintly visible on HWD). This Mf is a characteristic of quite a few species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4AC66B1CAD29BCFCC225DD" box="[653,785,1168,1193]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4AC66B1CAD29BCFCC225DD" box="[653,785,1168,1193]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Ht. strigula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, most markedly so in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4AC66B1A4529BCFB3925DD" box="[1125,1258,1168,1193]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4AC66B1A4529BCFB3925DD" box="[1125,1258,1168,1193]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Ht. strigula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. HW distinctly crenate (as strongly so as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4AC66B1FF92998FDBC25B9" box="[473,623,1204,1229]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicristata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4AC66B1FF92998FDBC25B9" box="[473,623,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Ht. bicristata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), outwardly reflexed to each darker part of the fringe (forming in effect very convex tails) at the end of veins Rs-CuA1. Underside has an ochreous yellow cast, irrorated with rufous brown especially proximad of the Mb. FWV space-CuA1 Orng varying from light orange to darker orange towards the tergum, where occupying the width of space-1A, its Ore (ocellus ring extension) forming a ‘tornado’ pattern comprising the pale light orange-yellow outer arm of, in effect, a spiral., The paler yellowish colour of this outer arm of the spiral contrasts with the eccentric, elliptic to sub-hexagonal shape of the FWV Orng; such a pattern is evident, with the proximad yellow arm not usually as well separated costad, in a few other
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C4AC66B1A8E28A1FAC824D1" box="[1198,1307,1420,1445]" name="Madagascar" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Malagasy</collectingCountry>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4AC66B1B0428A0FA4F24D0" box="[1316,1436,1421,1444]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4AC66B1B0428A0FA4F24D0" box="[1316,1436,1421,1444]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Heteropsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which would be placed in different clades, such as
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4AC66B1CC0289CFC2824BD" box="[736,1019,1456,1481]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4AC66B1CC0289CFC8524BD" box="[736,854,1456,1481]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Mycalesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iboina">Ht. iboina</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4AC66B1D43289CFC2824BD" box="[867,1019,1456,1481]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kremenae">Ht. kremenae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4AC66B1A1C289CFA4B24BD" authority="Oberthur, 1916" authorityName="Oberthur" authorityYear="1916" box="[1084,1432,1456,1481]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4AC66B1A1C289CFB1E24BD" box="[1084,1229,1456,1481]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Ht. undulans</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C4AC66B1AFE289DFA4324BD" author="Oberthur" box="[1246,1424,1456,1481]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refString="Oberthur, C. (1916) Observations sur une centurie d'Especes de Lepidopteres Rhopaloceres malagaches. Etudes de Lepidopterologie Comparee, 11, 177 - 244." type="journal article" year="1916">Oberthür, 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This yellow arm follows a strongly concave russet-brown Mb before it bends back sharply towards near-mid costa. FWV space-M1 ocellus smaller than on upperside, with narrow yellowish ring. HWV space-Rs-M2 ocelli not expressed and HWD orange crescent in space-M2 at base of space near the Mb appears as a prominent light Mf. Space-M3 and CuA1 ocelli about equal sized occupying slightly less than half of respective intervein-spans and with narrow yellowish rings faintly bordered by a rufous brown ring, subelliptic. Space-CuA2 ocellus not obviously expressed. HWV Mb russet, irregular, most angularly convex in space-M2, fairly smoothly concave in space-M3-CuA1, and convexly angled returning towards near mid-anal margin, but terminating just below vein CuA2. Ochreous background more evident distad of HWV Mb, while strong brown irroration is slightly more intense in basal areas of both wings than in distad areas. The russet PMb in HWV crudely mirrors the Mb, but is slightly straighter. A diffuse wavy brown line shadows margin in both wings, but is stronger on FWV, and a narrower brown Sml closely follows it, then closely delineating the crenate margin; before chequered brown and ochreous fringe runs a still darker brown line along the margin in both wings. Four transverse brown Cbs in the FWV cell delineate a more ochreous and weakly irrorated band in the middle of the cell, while the costa itself is quite evenly strigulated.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4AC66B1F8A2A85FDCC26B5" bold="true" box="[426,543,1960,1985]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
The ♀
|
||
<typeStatus id="549548864C4AC66B1C552A84FD0626B5" box="[629,725,1961,1985]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
very similar in pattern to the HT ♀. In this specimen, the HWD space-M2 orange Mf is even more obvious. It has a somewhat rounder FWD Orng and a small black spot at the anterior part of this ring; this ‘satellite’ eyespot not seen in either the HT nor referred specimens. On the FWV of PT, ‘tornado’ effect (for Ore) is more extreme, and Mb angularly inflexed rather than smoothly concave proximad of the yellow Ore. The HT was collected effectively in a late dry season, whereas the PT collected well into the wet season, so there is no evidence as yet for seasonal variation. The ♂ (not included in
|
||
<typeStatus id="549548864C4BC66A1A1D2C28FBBE2069" box="[1085,1133,261,285]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series) is similar to the HT ♀ but slightly smaller. Like the referred ♀, the referred ♂ is very consistent in wing shape and pattern, although slightly smaller (
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C4BC66A1F792C61FE7F2010" box="[345,428,332,357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
|
||
wsp/
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C4BC66A1FCC2C61FD812010" box="[492,594,332,357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="18.5">18.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
fwl). However on its HWV, ocelli spaces Rs-M2 are expressed as white points, so perhaps they were collected in a drier season. In the referred specimens also, no orange Mf is obvious in HWD space-M2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C4BC66A1EE72C9AFD2220A4" blockId="61.[151,1437,151,2018]" box="[199,753,439,464]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4BC66A1EE72C9AFE8720A4" bold="true" box="[199,340,439,464]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Androconia</emphasis>
|
||
: no ♂♂ in
|
||
<typeStatus id="549548864C4BC66A1FF42C95FDD720A4" box="[468,516,440,464]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series/not examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C4BC66A1EE72CF1FC192080" blockId="61.[151,1437,151,2018]" box="[199,970,476,501]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4BC66A1EE72CF1FEBF2081" bold="true" box="[199,364,476,501]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Wingspan/fwl</emphasis>
|
||
: 37.15/
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C4BC66A1FE22CF1FDE72080" box="[450,564,476,501]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.007" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="20.07">20.07 mm</quantity>
|
||
(HT ♀);
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C4BC66A1CBD2CF1FCD12081" box="[669,770,476,501]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4899999999999998" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="34.9">34.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
/
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C4BC66A1D2B2CF1FCBE2080" box="[779,877,476,501]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="19.5">19.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(PT ♀).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C4BC66A1EE72CD2FE1F2314" blockId="61.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4BC66A1EE72CD2FEDB236C" bold="true" box="[199,264,511,536]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Palps</emphasis>
|
||
: penultimate segment with whitish stripe close to compound eye, fringed with darker brown hairscales above where in potential contact. A light ochreous stripe away from eye is fringed by brown hair-scales. Mesad face of labial palps whitish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C4BC66A1EE72F41FBD62243" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C4BC66A1EE72F41FBD62243" blockId="61.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4BC66A1EE72F41FE9D23F1" bold="true" box="[199,334,620,645]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Refers in particular to the tornado-like markings, the sporadic rarity of this species in collections, and also alludes to the chance survival of an apparently deeply branching species in cyclone-prone
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C4BC66A1B2F2FA2FA4A23DC" box="[1295,1433,655,680]" name="Madagascar" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The impression is of the discovery in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C4BC66A1C6B2F99FD0123B9" box="[587,722,692,717]" name="Madagascar" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
of a relictual member of a greatly diversified lineage (Aduse- Poku
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4BC66A1EF72FF4FEC32384" box="[215,272,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2015,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C4BC66A1F442FFAFE772384" box="[356,420,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1711,1733]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,492,1675]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[150,1437,481,1690]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 1. Venation and wing patterning diagram of a fairly typical species of Heteropsis from Madagascar (Heteropis antahala group; ♂), DV. Sdbp = Supra-discocellular brush and patch. Cub = Cubital brush. Ventral banding: Cb = Costal bars. Mf = Median fleck (pale highlight). Mb = Median band. PMb = Premedian band. Ore = Ocellus ring extension. Pml = Premarginal line. Sml = Submarginal line." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264598/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). In different endemic radiating mycalesine clades in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C4BC66A1A222FFAFB582384" box="[1026,1163,727,752]" name="Madagascar" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, there is a trend towards reduction of the number of ocelli expressed in the upperside HW, so its configuration might also be correlated with a typically more open habitat, such as the marshy areas typical for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4BC66A1DA22E0CFC2C224C" box="[898,1023,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turbata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4BC66A1DA22E0CFC2C224C" box="[898,1023,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Ht. turbata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C4BC6691EE72E69FE522183" lastPageId="62" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C4BC66A1EE72E69FCFD267E" blockId="61.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4BC66A1EE72E69FE9F2229" bold="true" box="[199,332,836,861]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
This species was first discovered by myself in an uncurated drawer of the Oberthür collection (as it was arranged at BMNH in
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C4BC66A1FD32E45FDBE22F4" box="[499,621,872,896]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" value="1994-05">May 1994</date>
|
||
), with a unique ♂ and ♀ labelled as from ‘Mahassabe’ (see Referred specimens), collection dating pre-1923 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C4BC66A1C792EA1FCD022D1" author="Lees" box="[601,771,908,933]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" refString="Lees, D. C. (1997) Systematics and biogeography of Madagascan mycalesine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae). Unpubl. PhD thesis, University of London, London, 411 pp." type="book" year="1997">Lees, 1997: 65</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Because of the distance of the locality of these specimens from recent material and the uncertainty of the labels (see also above under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4BC66A1A082E9CFB4022BC" box="[1064,1171,945,968]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sogai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4BC66A1A082E9CFB4022BC" box="[1064,1171,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Ht. sogai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) they are not actually included in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549548864C4BC66A1F662EF8FEA52299" box="[326,374,981,1005]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series. The exceptional rarity of this distinctive species, despite intensive prior sampling from the 1890s to the present in the Fianarantsoa (?) and Marojejy-Anjanaharibe Sud areas, is noteworthy. Perhaps this species has naturally small populations, or normally occupies a particular niche that has not been properly sampled and difficult of access, such as open cliff slopes, like the spectacular habitat facing ‘Camp II Marojejya’. Mahasoabe (‘Mahassabe’;
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C4BC66A1FE62949FDCA2508" box="[454,537,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="92.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[325,1224,254,1731]" captionTargetId="figure@92.[316,1247,230,1746]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURE 30. Distribution maps. A. Purple: Heteropsis vanewrighti Lees, sp. nov. Green: Ht. pauliani Lees, sp. nov. Yellow: Ht. mimetica Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. Light blue: Ht. hazovola Lees & Raharitsimba, sp. nov. Turquoise: Ht. imerina Lees, sp. nov. [northern populations overlapping with Ht. vanewrighti and Ht. pauliani are not shown]. Pink: Ht. westwoodi Lees, sp. nov. B. Red: Ht. avaratra Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. Light blue: Ht. kremenae Lees, sp. nov. Fawn: Ht. vertigo Lees & Raharitsimba, sp. nov. C. Ochre: Ht. roussettae Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. Slate-blue: Ht. menamenoides Lees, sp. nov. Olive: Ht. lanyvary Lees, sp. nov. Dark green: Ht. borgo Lees, sp. nov. Light green: Ht. barbarae Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. Brown: Ht. oberthueri Lees, sp. nov. Dark pink: Ht. tianae Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. D. Mid green: Ht. sogai Lees, sp. nov. Dark brown: Ht. tornado Lees, Allaoui & Aduse-Poku, sp. nov. Lilac: Ht. harveyi Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. Light brown: centraleastern populations of Ht. harveyi complex. Scale bar: 500 km." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264627/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
|
||
D, lower brown dot) is a village located at around
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C4BC66A1A742949FB792508" box="[1108,1194,1124,1148]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
|
||
, and its surroundings are largely deforested today, but the nearest primary forest is over
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C4BC66A1DB129A5FC0925D4" box="[913,986,1159,1184]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
|
||
to the east, and assumed plantations or secondary forest can be viewed on Google Earth from
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C4BC66A1CD92981FCE125B1" box="[761,818,1196,1221]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
|
||
to the west. The corresponding printed label is perhaps anyway as mentioned before unreliable, considering that that the same label is placed on series of characteristically northern and lowland species like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4BC66A1C1229D8FD662479" box="[562,693,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erebina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4BC66A1C1229D8FD662479" box="[562,693,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Ht. erebina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The species is distinctive enough to be unmistakable, but all available
|
||
<typeStatus id="549548864C4BC66A1F262835FE922444" box="[262,321,1304,1328]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">types</typeStatus>
|
||
in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4BC66A1FB72834FDE72444" box="[407,564,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subsimilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4BC66A1FB72834FDE72444" box="[407,564,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Ht. subsimilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4BC66A1C512834FD262444" box="[625,757,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4BC66A1C512834FD262444" box="[625,757,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Ht. strigula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
groups were examined. In particular I checked the STs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4BC66A1EB72811FE222421" authority="Oberthur, 1916" authorityName="Oberthur" authorityYear="1916" box="[151,497,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Culapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4BC66A1EB72811FEEE2420" box="[151,317,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Culapa ornata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C4BC66A1F652811FE222421" author="Oberthur" box="[325,497,1340,1365]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" refString="Oberthur, C. (1916) Observations sur une centurie d'Especes de Lepidopteres Rhopaloceres malagaches. Etudes de Lepidopterologie Comparee, 11, 177 - 244." type="journal article" year="1916">Oberthür, 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(which was synonymised by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C4BC66A1D652811FC262420" author="d'Abrera" box="[837,1013,1340,1365]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" refString="d'Abrera, B. L. (1980) Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region. Lansdowne Editions, Melbourne, 593 pp." type="book" year="1980">d’Abrera, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 182 with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4BC66A1A4E2810FA442420" authority="Butler, 1880" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1880" box="[1134,1431,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turbata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4BC66A1A4E2810FB3E2421" box="[1134,1261,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Ht. turbata</emphasis>
|
||
(Butler, 1880)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; HT ♀: ‘Madagascar’, Cowan, BMNH(E) 673769). The LT ♂ of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4BC66A1D872872FB82240C" box="[935,1105,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Culapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4BC66A1D872872FB82240C" box="[935,1105,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Culapa ornata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C4BC66A1A462872FB6F240C" box="[1126,1212,1375,1400]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="64.[151,250,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[291,1294,196,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@64.[283,1304,193,1826]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 19. Adults in DV (left), VV (right). A: HT ♂ of Heteropsis lanyvary Lees, sp. nov. (Tsaratanana; NHMUK 010289144). B: PT ♀ of Ht. lanyvary (Tsaratanana; NHMUK 010289145). C: HT ♂ of Mycalesis ankova Ward, 1870 (‘ Madagascar’; BMNH (E) 673767). D: LT ♂ of Culapa pallida Oberthür, 1916 (‘ Antsianaka’, BMNH (E) 673775). E: LT ♂ of Culapa ornata Oberthür, 1916 (‘ Madagascar’; BMNH (E) 673678; Ht. turbata (Butler, 1880 )). Scale bar: 30 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264616/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
E, representing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4BC66A1B59284CFF3924E9" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turbata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4BC66A1B59284CFF3924E9" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Ht. turbata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), here designated: BMNH(E) 673678,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C4BC66A1CBC28A9FCF424E9" box="[668,807,1412,1437]" name="Madagascar" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
; PLT ♂, Antananarivo, R. Toy: BMNH(E) 673670)) and
|
||
<typeStatus id="549548864C4BC66A1EB72885FF2A24B4" box="[151,249,1448,1472]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4BC66A1F04288AFD5B24B4" authority="Oberthur, 1916" authorityName="Oberthur" authorityYear="1916" box="[292,648,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Culapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4BC66A1F04288AFE0224B4" box="[292,465,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Culapa pallida</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C4BC66A1FFB288AFD5B24B4" author="Oberthur" box="[475,648,1447,1472]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" refString="Oberthur, C. (1916) Observations sur une centurie d'Especes de Lepidopteres Rhopaloceres malagaches. Etudes de Lepidopterologie Comparee, 11, 177 - 244." type="journal article" year="1916">Oberthür, 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(LT ♂, missing abdomen,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C4BC66A1DE5288AFBC424B4" box="[965,1047,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="64.[151,250,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[291,1294,196,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@64.[283,1304,193,1826]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 19. Adults in DV (left), VV (right). A: HT ♂ of Heteropsis lanyvary Lees, sp. nov. (Tsaratanana; NHMUK 010289144). B: PT ♀ of Ht. lanyvary (Tsaratanana; NHMUK 010289145). C: HT ♂ of Mycalesis ankova Ward, 1870 (‘ Madagascar’; BMNH (E) 673767). D: LT ♂ of Culapa pallida Oberthür, 1916 (‘ Antsianaka’, BMNH (E) 673775). E: LT ♂ of Culapa ornata Oberthür, 1916 (‘ Madagascar’; BMNH (E) 673678; Ht. turbata (Butler, 1880 )). Scale bar: 30 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264616/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
D, here designated, bearing label: “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C4BC66A1E8128E3FEFE2493" box="[161,301,1486,1511]" name="Madagascar" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Antsianaka, Perrot Freres, 2e Semestre 1890”|BMNH(E) 673775”; PLT ♂, BMNH(E) 673779 and ♀♀ BMNH(E) 673776 (illustrated in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C4BC66A1C1E28DFFD38277F" author="Oberthur" box="[574,747,1522,1547]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" refString="Oberthur, C. (1916) Observations sur une centurie d'Especes de Lepidopteres Rhopaloceres malagaches. Etudes de Lepidopterologie Comparee, 11, 177 - 244." type="journal article" year="1916">Oberthür, 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Pl. 356: f. 3054), BMNH(E) 673778 and BMNH(E) 673780, all from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C4BC66A1ED82B34FE522746" box="[248,385,1561,1586]" name="Madagascar" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Antsianaka, Perrot Freres, 2e Semestre 1893; there are also two potential ST specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4BC66A1BA22B37FF352722" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Culapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4BC66A1BA22B37FF352722" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">C. pallida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
not labelled ‘Antsianaka’), were also examined. Also, considering a superficial resemblance, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549548864C4BC66A1B1A2B13FA4F2722" box="[1338,1436,1598,1622]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4BC66A1E9A2B4CFDC2270E" authority="Ward, 1870" authorityName="Ward" authorityYear="1870" box="[186,529,1633,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Mycalesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iboina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4BC66A1E9A2B4CFEAD270E" box="[186,382,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Mycalesis iboina</emphasis>
|
||
Ward,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C4BC66A1FF92B4FFDC2270E" box="[473,529,1634,1658]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7498" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="in" value="1870.0">1870</quantity>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in BMNH (Coll. Ward) (LT ♂, here designated: BMNH(E) #674853, PLTs, BMNH(E) #674854-674856) and MNHN (Coll. Galichon) (PLT ♂♂) were examined; also the “HT” ♂ of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4BC66A1B692BA8FEB827B6" authority="Butler, 1879" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1879" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Culapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4BC66A1B692BA8FF0B27B5" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Culapa parva</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C4BC66A1EC02B84FEB827B6" author="Butler" box="[224,363,1705,1730]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" refString="Butler, A. G. (1879) Descriptions of new species of Lepidoptera from Madagascar, with notes on some of the forms already described. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 4, 227 - 246. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937908679820" type="journal article" year="1879">Butler, 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BMNH(E) #674859, ex Grose-Smith) and the ♂ and ♀ STs of its synonym (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C4BC66A1AFB2B87FA8827B6" author="Lees" box="[1243,1371,1706,1730]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" refString="Lees, D. C. (1997) Systematics and biogeography of Madagascan mycalesine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae). Unpubl. PhD thesis, University of London, London, 411 pp." type="book" year="1997">Lees, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Lees
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4BC66A1EB72BE3FF1C2792" box="[151,207,1741,1766]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2003),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C4BC66A1F0C2BE0FD4C2792" authority="Mabille, 1880" authorityName="Mabille" authorityYear="1880" box="[300,671,1741,1766]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Mycalesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irrorata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4BC66A1F0C2BE0FE2F2791" box="[300,508,1741,1766]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Mycalesis irrorata</emphasis>
|
||
Mabille, 1880
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(LT ♂, here designated: BMNH(E) #674860; ex Coll. Grose-Smith; PLT ♀, BMNH(E) #674861, “Madag” ex Coll. P. Mabille).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C4BC6691EE72A38FE522183" blockId="61.[151,1437,151,2018]" lastBlockId="62.[151,1437,151,1079]" lastPageId="62" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C4BC66A1EE72A38FE3A265A" bold="true" box="[199,489,1813,1838]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Additional information.</emphasis>
|
||
♂ genitalia: 362DL (referred specimen,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C4BC66A1DEE2A38FBF0265A" box="[974,1059,1813,1838]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="59.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[234,1357,184,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@59.[220,1368,169,1871]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURE 18. ♂ genitalia in LV (left), DV (right). A: Heteropsis tornado Lees, Allaoui & Aduse-Poku, sp. nov., ♂ genitalia (‘ Mahassabe’; 362 DL) (detail of valve inset; drawing modified after Lees, 1997: 106); not to scale. B: ♂ genitalia of Ht. lanyvary. (left: DL- 05 - 761; right: DL- 05 - 845). C: ♂ genitalia of Heteropsis barbarae sp. nov. (Antsamanarana R., Masoala; CK 30, 141 DL). D: ♂ genitalia of Heteropsis menamenoides Lees, sp. nov. (Mt. Bekolosy; DLBEK 94 _ 180; 231 DL). Scale bar: 3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264615/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
A): about
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C4BC66A1ABD2A3BFB302659" box="[1181,1251,1814,1838]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; from LV, tegumen with bent down to fairly straight uncus leading to downward hook at tip without a distinct ‘head’. Gnathos from square base narrow and tapered, slightly uprecurved to tip. Hinge with vinculum wider than half maximum dimension of tegumen. Saccus rather short, stubby and bulbous. Aedeagus distinctly longer than valve, fairly stout, uprecurved distad of ostium. Valves fairly short, arms uprecurved and leading to club, which has spinoid setae at the end and a distinct ‘beak’ pointing dorsad/mesad. The overall impression is a similarity to genitalia of some of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C48C6691EE22DB4FE9621C4" box="[194,325,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C48C6691EE22DB4FE9621C4" box="[194,325,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Ht. strigula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (valves not symmetrically ‘skittle’-shaped’ from LV as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C48C6691A182DB4FB0621C4" box="[1080,1237,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subsimilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C48C6691A182DB4FB0621C4" box="[1080,1237,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Ht. subsimilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group and rather uncus is more straight from LV;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C48C6691C262D90FDAC21A0" author="Lees" box="[518,639,188,212]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refString="Lees, D. C. (1997) Systematics and biogeography of Madagascan mycalesine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae). Unpubl. PhD thesis, University of London, London, 411 pp." type="book" year="1997">Lees 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 106,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C48C6691CE32D91FCD521A1" box="[707,774,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1840,1862]" captionTargetBox="[267,1325,216,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[244,1342,193,1819]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 7. Adults in DV (left), VV (right) or in natural postures. A: HT ♂ of Heteropsis harveyi Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. (NHMUK 010289119). B: PT ♀ of Ht. harveyi (NHMUK 010289121). C: HT ♂ of Henotesia andravahana ab. marmorata Aurivillius, 1911 (NHRS-TOBI 000000050). D: pair of Ht. harveyi in copula (Maromizaha, photo courtesy Lance Featherstone). E: ♂ of Ht. imerina (Ankazomivady, 23 / 03 / 2003, photo: D. C. Lees), for comparison, showing relatively produced ‘ tail’ on HW vein M 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264604/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
f). The genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C48C6691DC12D90FB8C21A1" box="[993,1119,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turbata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C48C6691DC12D90FB8C21A1" box="[993,1119,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Ht. turbata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are actually quite similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C48C6691ED72DCCFEA9218C" box="[247,378,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tornado">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C48C6691ED72DCCFEA9218C" box="[247,378,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Ht. tornado</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C48C6691EE72C29FE042387" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C48C6691EE72C29FDD32010" blockId="62.[151,1437,151,1079]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C48C6691EE72C29FE4C2069" bold="true" box="[199,415,260,285]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">DNA divergences</emphasis>
|
||
: COI-5P cluster number BOLD:ACW4939 (exemplar BMAD192-15, DL14A-0245), closest to members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C48C6691FB42C04FDC52034" box="[404,534,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C48C6691FB42C04FDC52034" box="[404,534,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Ht. strigula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, e.g. 6.7% divergent to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C48C6691D4D2C04FBD32034" box="[877,1024,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbarae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C48C6691D4D2C04FBD32034" box="[877,1024,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Ht. barbarae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269974D4C48C6691A272C05FB8A204B" box="[1031,1113,296,319]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and 8.3% to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C48C6691ACF2C04FABF2034" box="[1263,1388,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turbata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C48C6691ACF2C04FABF2034" box="[1263,1388,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Ht. turbata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and a similar distance to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C48C6691F5E2C60FE292011" box="[382,506,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ankova">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C48C6691F5E2C60FE292011" box="[382,506,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Ht. ankova</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C48C6691EE72C42FA84236F" blockId="62.[151,1437,151,1079]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C48C6691EE72C42FE3720FC" bold="true" box="[199,484,367,392]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Phylogeny/sister species</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C48C6691FD22C5DFD6220FC" author="Lees" box="[498,689,367,392]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refString="Lees, D. C. (1997) Systematics and biogeography of Madagascan mycalesine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae). Unpubl. PhD thesis, University of London, London, 411 pp." type="book" year="1997">Lees (1997: 156)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had over 96% jackknife support for a sister relation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C48C6691B3A2C5CFA4F20FC" box="[1306,1436,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tornado">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C48C6691B3A2C5CFA4F20FC" box="[1306,1436,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Ht. tornado</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(“FFTFR”) with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C48C6691FAC2CB8FDDE20D9" box="[396,525,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ankova">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C48C6691FAC2CB8FDDE20D9" box="[396,525,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Ht. ankova</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
‘clade’ of (then three) species, but this resolution appeared only in the total evidence parsimony analysis. The species would therefore be tentatively placed in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C48C6691A462C94FB3B20A4" box="[1126,1256,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C48C6691A462C94FB3B20A4" box="[1126,1256,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Ht. strigula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group based on morphological features and support. Molecular sequencing of multiple genes provides evidence
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C48C6691AD82CF0FAAC2081" box="[1272,1407,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tornado">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C48C6691AD82CF0FAAC2081" box="[1272,1407,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Ht. tornado</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sister to all others of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C48C6691F8C2F29FDFE236F" box="[428,557,514,539]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C48C6691F8C2F29FDFE236F" box="[428,557,514,539]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Ht. strigula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, including the ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C48C6691D042CD2FCFA2379" box="[804,809,511,525]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">‘</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C48C6691D0A2F29FC76236F" box="[810,933,514,539]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ankova">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C48C6691D0A2F29FC76236F" box="[810,933,514,539]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Ht. ankova</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ sub-group (Aduse-Poku
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C48C6691AE82F29FAD3236F" box="[1224,1280,514,539]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2015).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C48C6691EE72F0BFE25234B" blockId="62.[151,1437,151,1079]" box="[199,502,550,575]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C48C6691EE72F0BFE25234B" bold="true" box="[199,502,550,575]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Ecology and distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C48C6691EE72F67FE7323DF" blockId="62.[151,1437,151,1079]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C48C6691EE72F67FE902317" bold="true" box="[199,323,586,611]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Behaviour</emphasis>
|
||
: largely unknown. The HT was found resting on the ground in the morning at the edge of a road close to primary forest; the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549548864C48C6691FF92F5DFDEA23FC" box="[473,569,624,648]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
♀ was sitting on a path above a steep slope in primary forest, presumably attracted by fallen fruit.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C48C6691EE72F9BFE6F23BB" blockId="62.[151,1437,151,1079]" box="[199,444,694,719]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C48C6691EE72F9BFEEE23BB" bold="true" box="[199,317,694,719]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Hostplant</emphasis>
|
||
: unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C48C6691EE72FF7FE042387" blockId="62.[151,1437,151,1079]" box="[199,471,730,755]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C48C6691EE72FF7FE8B2387" bold="true" box="[199,344,730,755]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Early stages</emphasis>
|
||
: unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C48C6691EE72FD3FB1D224F" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C48C6691EE72FD3FA572263" blockId="62.[151,1437,151,1079]" box="[199,1412,766,791]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C48C6691EE72FD3FE8A2263" bold="true" box="[199,345,766,791]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
: Marojejy, Anjanaharibe Sud; (?) Mahasoabe, SE of Fianarantsoa (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C48C6691A6B2FD3FB4E2263" box="[1099,1181,766,791]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="92.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[325,1224,254,1731]" captionTargetId="figure@92.[316,1247,230,1746]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURE 30. Distribution maps. A. Purple: Heteropsis vanewrighti Lees, sp. nov. Green: Ht. pauliani Lees, sp. nov. Yellow: Ht. mimetica Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. Light blue: Ht. hazovola Lees & Raharitsimba, sp. nov. Turquoise: Ht. imerina Lees, sp. nov. [northern populations overlapping with Ht. vanewrighti and Ht. pauliani are not shown]. Pink: Ht. westwoodi Lees, sp. nov. B. Red: Ht. avaratra Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. Light blue: Ht. kremenae Lees, sp. nov. Fawn: Ht. vertigo Lees & Raharitsimba, sp. nov. C. Ochre: Ht. roussettae Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. Slate-blue: Ht. menamenoides Lees, sp. nov. Olive: Ht. lanyvary Lees, sp. nov. Dark green: Ht. borgo Lees, sp. nov. Light green: Ht. barbarae Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. Brown: Ht. oberthueri Lees, sp. nov. Dark pink: Ht. tianae Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. D. Mid green: Ht. sogai Lees, sp. nov. Dark brown: Ht. tornado Lees, Allaoui & Aduse-Poku, sp. nov. Lilac: Ht. harveyi Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. Light brown: centraleastern populations of Ht. harveyi complex. Scale bar: 500 km." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264627/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
|
||
D, dark brown dots).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C48C6691EE72E0FFB1D224F" blockId="62.[151,1437,151,1079]" box="[199,1230,802,827]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C48C6691EE72E0FFE4A224F" bold="true" box="[199,409,802,827]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Elevational range</emphasis>
|
||
: 675 (PT ♀)–
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C48C6691C172E0EFD5C224E" box="[567,655,803,827]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
|
||
. (HT ♀) [possibly to ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C48C6691D852E0EFC2F224E" box="[933,1020,803,827]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
|
||
. at “Mahassabe”]?
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C48C6691EE72E6BFB34229B" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C48C6691EE72E6BFB34229B" blockId="62.[151,1437,151,1079]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C48C6691EE72E6BFEF0222B" bold="true" box="[199,291,838,863]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Habitat</emphasis>
|
||
: one of the PT ♀♀ was caught in tall canopy primary forest on a path above a steep slope and small stream, about
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C48C6691F182E46FE5322F6" box="[312,384,875,899]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
|
||
above the Manantenina river at Marojejy. The HT ♀ was caught on a slope at the edge of a currently largely impassable road, close to an island in the road and next to some primary vegetation and ginger, above a steep stream draining into marshland bordering the Marolakana River which was only around
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C48C6691B1E2E9FFA4F22BF" box="[1342,1436,946,971]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="km" value="0.15">0.15 km</quantity>
|
||
away. No other individuals could be found despite repeated searches in these surrounding habitats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C48C6691EE72ED7FAA72543" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C48C6691EE72ED7FAA72543" blockId="62.[151,1437,151,1079]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C48C6691EE72ED7FE6E2567" bold="true" box="[199,445,1018,1043]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Referred specimens.</emphasis>
|
||
♂ [
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C48C6691FCE2ED6FD992566" box="[494,586,1019,1042]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
], Mahassabe [Mahasoabe], forêt au S.-E de Fianarantsoa
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C48C6691ACA2ED7FAA02567" box="[1258,1395,1018,1043]" name="Madagascar" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, ex Lamberton, 1922|Ex Oberthür Coll. Brit. Mus. 1927-3|362
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C48C6691D052933FC9D2543" box="[805,846,1054,1079]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">DL</collectionCode>
|
||
; ♀ [
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C48C6691D5D290DFC0A2543" box="[893,985,1056,1079]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
], same data but
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C48C6691AAC2932FB302543" box="[1164,1251,1055,1079]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
(E) #674881.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |