751 lines
90 KiB
XML
751 lines
90 KiB
XML
<document id="E3EDC976A70971985989D85162A36EE8" ID-CLB-Dataset="38930" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="264597" ID-ZooBank="CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1465242077321" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="C, Lees David" docDate="2016" docId="038747324C3FC61A1EB72BCFFAD227D5" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4118.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4118 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Heteropsis roussettae Lees & Kremen, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="78" masterDocId="FFBE3F4A4C76C6571E202D2DFFD32174" masterDocTitle="Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision" masterLastPageNumber="97" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="74" updateTime="1698662715872" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="7A97DC742DF3811FF808E6124B9E8FD0" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="95E45F83DE3489A16997365075D6C169">
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<mods:title id="2FAB6FFFC9883E30DA092A123B92F622">Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D5AF9098D1BB167F08D769C79A63E002" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="75BB30B92CC99B764F15F3338BED9F2E">C, Lees David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B9308012F35D2293AF1FEBBBD3282792">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="70DB476E62D3535CE549F720BD45C36A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="17FC4DAC92E0CFF8B20CC1CB01BC7625">
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<mods:date id="A227169972E84532785B514191BB3CC8">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0609D48886AED61F47AAE3DC485DF725">4118</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="D8D6ED0E466BADBA2E7A2FE8D97876FE">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="9DD737FADFD5B8C78827466A168D81A7" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038747324C3FC61A1EB72BCFFAD227D5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6086452" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120817141" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6086452" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038747324C3FC61A1EB72BCFFAD227D5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038747324C3FC61A1EB72BCFFAD227D5" lastPageId="77" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C3FC61E1EB72BCFFC2C2669" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3FC61E1EB72BCFFD012788" blockId="73.[151,1023,1762,1821]" box="[151,722,1762,1788]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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<heading id="D0D941484C3FC61E1EB72BCFFD012788" bold="true" box="[151,722,1762,1788]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3FC61E1EB72BCFFD012788" bold="true" box="[151,722,1762,1788]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3FC61E1EB72BCFFDBB2788" authority="Lees & Kremen" authorityName="Lees & Kremen" box="[151,616,1762,1788]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roussettae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3FC61E1EB72BCFFE4A2788" bold="true" box="[151,409,1762,1788]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Heteropsis roussettae</emphasis>
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||
Lees & Kremen
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269974D4C3FC61E1C552BCFFD012788" box="[629,722,1762,1788]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3FC61E1EB72A28FC2C2669" blockId="73.[151,1023,1762,1821]" box="[151,1023,1796,1821]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7F5B27F5-6625-4B55-83D8-B92869CF1545</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C3FC61E1EB72A6AFD962614" box="[151,581,1863,1888]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3FC61E1EB72A6AFD962614" blockId="73.[151,1436,1863,2034]" box="[151,581,1863,1888]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3FC61E1EB72A6AFE842614" bold="true" box="[151,343,1863,1888]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Prior references</emphasis>
|
||
: sp. 26 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C3FC61E1F982A65FDEB2614" author="Lees" box="[440,568,1864,1888]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Lees, D. C. (1997) Systematics and biogeography of Madagascan mycalesine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae). Unpubl. PhD thesis, University of London, London, 411 pp." type="book" year="1997">Lees, 1997</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C3FC61D1EE72A47FB052336" lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3FC61E1EE72A47FC8A26B9" blockId="73.[151,1436,1863,2034]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3FC61E1EE72A47FCC226F7" bold="true" box="[199,785,1898,1923]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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||
<typeStatus id="549548864C3FC61E1EE72A47FED126F7" box="[199,258,1898,1923]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Type</typeStatus>
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||
material., Deposition
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C3FC61E1C092A47FD5726F7" box="[553,644,1898,1923]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<typeStatus id="549548864C3FC61E1CBB2A47FCDF26F7" box="[667,780,1898,1923]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
♂ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C3FC61E1D722A47FC6326F7" box="[850,944,1898,1923]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[240,1346,208,1812]" captionTargetId="figure@75.[223,1363,195,1828]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 22. Adults in DV (left), VV (right) for mounted specimens and adults in natural posture. A: HT ♂ of Heteropsis roussettae Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. (Montagne d’Ambre; NHMUK 010289154). B: ♀ PT of Ht. roussettae (Montagne d’Ambre; NHMUK 010289157). C: LT ♂ of Culapa antsianakana Oberthür, 1916 (‘ Antsianaka’, 1890; BMNH (E) # 674757; now Ht. andasibe Lees (2003 )). D: LT ♂ of Culapa anceps Oberthür, 1916 (‘ Antsianaka’, 1893; BMNH (E) # 674762). Scale bar: 30 mm. E: ♀ of Ht. roussettae, in disturbed habitat (Montagne d’Ambre; 09 / 01 / 1995); F: ♀ of Ht. andasibe (Andasibe; 24 / 10 / 2014)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264619/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
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||
A): ♂,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C3FC61E1A322A47FB4826F7" box="[1042,1179,1898,1923]" name="Madagascar" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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, Montagne d'Ambre,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C3FC61E1EB72ABDFED926DD" box="[151,266,1933,1961]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" precision="5" value="-12.5262">12.5262o S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C3FC61E1F382ABCFE5D26DC" box="[280,398,1933,1961]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" precision="5" value="49.171">49.1710o E</geoCoordinate>
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,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C3FC61E1FBB2ABDFE2026DC" box="[411,499,1936,1961]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.06" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" unit="m" value="1060.0">1060 m</quantity>
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||
, forestry station, GPS point AMBRE-2 [used max]
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C3FC61E1A602ABCFB6726DD" box="[1088,1204,1937,1961]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1992-02-20">20/2/1992</date>
|
||
, C.Kremen: CK840, IA314 [isotope voucher],
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C3FC61E1F982A99FDF126B9" box="[440,546,1972,1997]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">NHMUK</collectionCode>
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010289154 [
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C3FC61E1C8D2A99FD3B26B8" box="[685,744,1972,1996]" name="Qatar" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">QTR</collectingCountry>
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barcode].
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3FC61D1EE72AF4FB052336" blockId="73.[151,1436,1863,2034]" lastBlockId="74.[151,1437,151,1989]" lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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<typeStatus id="549548864C3FC61E1EE72AF4FEEC2686" box="[199,319,2009,2034]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="paratype">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3FC61E1EE72AF4FEEC2686" bold="true" box="[199,319,2009,2034]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Paratypes</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3FC61E1F6F2AF4FDE42686" bold="true" box="[335,567,2009,2034]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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||
Deposition
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C3FC61E1FF72AF4FDE12686" box="[471,562,2009,2034]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
♂,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C3FC61E1C442AF4FD3E2686" box="[612,749,2009,2034]" name="Madagascar" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Montagne d'Ambre,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C3FC61E1DC52AF4FB992686" box="[997,1098,2006,2034]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" precision="55" value="-12.525">12.525o S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C3FC61E1A782AF7FB1F2685" box="[1112,1228,2006,2034]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" precision="5" value="49.1722">49.1722o E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
+/-
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C3FC61E1ADE2AF4FAE82686" box="[1278,1339,2009,2034]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C3FC61D1B682AF7FF0521DB" lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="75" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="8.5" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" unit="m" value="900.0" valueMax="950.0" valueMin="850.0">900 +/- 50 m</quantity>
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,
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C3CC61D1EC52DBAFE8921C4" box="[229,346,151,176]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="1995-01-16">16/1/1995</date>
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, D.C. Lees:
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||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C3CC61D1FD02DBAFD8821C4" box="[496,603,151,176]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">DLMDA</collectionCode>
|
||
95-0002, IA362 [isotope voucher],
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C3CC61D1DD32DBAFB9621C4" box="[1011,1093,151,176]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">DCLW</collectionCode>
|
||
_0085 [wing prep.], KA2068, KA4085 [=KA-P2068, KA-P4085 [extract numbers],
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C3CC61D1D382D96FC5121A0" box="[792,898,187,212]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
010289155 [
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C3CC61D1A352D96FB8321A7" box="[1045,1104,187,211]" name="Qatar" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">QTR</collectingCountry>
|
||
barcode]; ♂, N, Montagne d'Ambre,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C3CC61D1F282DCCFE80218D" box="[264,339,225,249]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</quantity>
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,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C3CC61D1F412DCCFE15218D" box="[353,454,222,250]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" precision="55" value="-12.525">12.525o S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C3CC61D1FF52DCCFD9B218D" box="[469,584,222,249]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" precision="5" value="49.1722">49.1722o E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
+/-
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C3CC61D1C5B2DCCFD6A218E" box="[635,697,225,250]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C3CC61D1CE62DCCFCB3218D" box="[710,864,225,250]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="8.5" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="m" value="900.0" valueMax="950.0" valueMin="850.0">900 +/- 50 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C3CC61D1D4E2DCCFC31218E" box="[878,994,225,250]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="1995-01-16">16/1/1995</date>
|
||
, D.C. Lees:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C3CC61D1A542DCCFB33218E" box="[1140,1248,225,250]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">DLMDA</collectionCode>
|
||
95-0003, KAP18 [=KA-P18;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C3CC61D1F3E2C28FE882069" box="[286,347,261,285]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">DNA</collectionCode>
|
||
extract number], IA316 [isotope voucher],
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C3CC61D1D712C29FC682069" box="[849,955,260,285]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
010289156 [
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C3CC61D1A692C28FB572069" box="[1097,1156,261,285]" name="Qatar" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">QTR</collectingCountry>
|
||
barcode]; ♀ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C3CC61D1B062C29FAAF2069" box="[1318,1404,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[240,1346,208,1812]" captionTargetId="figure@75.[223,1363,195,1828]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 22. Adults in DV (left), VV (right) for mounted specimens and adults in natural posture. A: HT ♂ of Heteropsis roussettae Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. (Montagne d’Ambre; NHMUK 010289154). B: ♀ PT of Ht. roussettae (Montagne d’Ambre; NHMUK 010289157). C: LT ♂ of Culapa antsianakana Oberthür, 1916 (‘ Antsianaka’, 1890; BMNH (E) # 674757; now Ht. andasibe Lees (2003 )). D: LT ♂ of Culapa anceps Oberthür, 1916 (‘ Antsianaka’, 1893; BMNH (E) # 674762). Scale bar: 30 mm. E: ♀ of Ht. roussettae, in disturbed habitat (Montagne d’Ambre; 09 / 01 / 1995); F: ♀ of Ht. andasibe (Andasibe; 24 / 10 / 2014)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264619/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
B),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C3CC61D1EB72C07FECD2037" box="[151,286,298,323]" name="Madagascar" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
N, Montagne d'Ambre, tourist campsite, c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C3CC61D1D282C06FC8C2036" box="[776,863,299,323]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C3CC61D1D4A2C07FC0D2037" box="[874,990,295,323]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" precision="5" value="-12.5268">12.5268o S</geoCoordinate>
|
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,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C3CC61D1DCA2C06FB8D2036" box="[1002,1118,295,323]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" precision="5" value="49.1721">49.1721o E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
+/-
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C3CC61D1AAC2C07FB382037" box="[1164,1259,298,323]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="km" value="0.15">0.15 km</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C3CC61D1AD62C07FA442036" box="[1270,1431,298,323]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.055" metricValueMax="1.105" metricValueMin="1.005" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="m" value="1055.0" valueMax="1105.0" valueMin="1005.0">1055 +/- 50 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C3CC61D1EB72C60FED82012" box="[151,267,333,358]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="1995-01-14">14/1/1995</date>
|
||
, D.C. Lees: KAP17 [=KA-P17;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C3CC61D1CB32C63FD032012" box="[659,720,334,358]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">DNA</collectionCode>
|
||
extract number],
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C3CC61D1D882C60FBC72012" box="[936,1044,333,358]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">DLMDA</collectionCode>
|
||
95-0004; IA315 [isotope sample],
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C3CC61D1EB72C5EFED220F8" box="[151,257,371,396]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
010289157 [
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C3CC61D1FAD2C59FE1B20F8" box="[397,456,372,396]" name="Qatar" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">QTR</collectingCountry>
|
||
barcode]; ♂, N, Montagne d'Ambre [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C3CC61D1D542C5EFC3820F8" box="[884,1003,368,396]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" precision="5" value="-12.5253">12.5253o S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C3CC61D1DD82C59FBBF20FF" box="[1016,1132,368,396]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" precision="5" value="49.1483">49.1483o E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
+/-
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C3CC61D1ABE2C59FB2E20F8" box="[1182,1277,371,396]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.47" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="km" value="2.47">2.47 km</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C3CC61D1B2A2C5EFF6220DB" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.185" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.0699999999999998" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="m" value="1185.0" valueMax="1300.0" valueMin="1070.0">1185 +/- 115 m</quantity>
|
||
],
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C3CC61D1EEA2CBAFEED20DB" box="[202,318,407,431]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="1992-02-20">20/2/1992</date>
|
||
, C. Kremen: CK92-0002,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C3CC61D1C5F2CBAFD3A20DB" box="[639,745,407,431]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
010289188 [
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C3CC61D1D5A2CBAFC6620DB" box="[890,949,407,431]" name="Qatar" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">QTR</collectingCountry>
|
||
barcode]; ♂ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C3CC61D1A442CBBFB6F20DB" box="[1124,1212,406,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="76.[151,250,1428,1450]" captionTargetBox="[249,1339,207,1397]" captionTargetId="figure@76.[234,1353,193,1406]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 23. Adults in views stated. A: ♂ PT genitalia of Heteropsis roussettae Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. (Montagne d’Ambre; 33 DL), LV, SV. Scale bar: 3 mm. B: ♂ genitalia and sternal androconial scaling in Ht. roussettae (“ sp. 26 ” modified from Lees, 1997; not to scale), LV. C: ♂ genitalia and sternal androconial scaling in Ht. andasibe (modified from Lees, 1997: where labelled “ antsianakana ”; not to scale), LV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264620/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
A),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C3CC61D1ACC2CBBFAA020DB" box="[1260,1395,406,431]" name="Madagascar" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
N, Montagne d'Ambre, W of divide,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C3CC61D1C022C90FDAF20A0" box="[546,636,445,469]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="m" value="1080.0">1080 m</quantity>
|
||
, [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C3CC61D1CB12C91FCD420A1" box="[657,775,441,469]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" precision="5" value="-12.5253">12.5253o S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C3CC61D1D372C90FC5820A0" box="[791,907,441,469]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" precision="5" value="49.1483">49.1483o E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
+/-
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C3CC61D1DE02C90FBF120A1" box="[960,1058,444,469]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.47" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="km" value="2.47">2.47 km</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C3CC61D1A102C91FB3A20A0" box="[1072,1257,444,469]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.185" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.0699999999999998" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="m" value="1185.0" valueMax="1300.0" valueMin="1070.0">1185 +/- 115 m</quantity>
|
||
],
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C3CC61D1B202C90FAA720A1" box="[1280,1396,445,469]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="1992-02-20">20/2/1992</date>
|
||
, C. Kremen: CK92-0003, 33
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C3CC61D1F972CCDFE0D208C" box="[439,478,480,504]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">DL</collectionCode>
|
||
[genitalia],
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C3CC61D1C502CCDFD09208C" box="[624,730,480,504]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
010289189 [
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C3CC61D1D4B2CCDFC75208C" box="[875,934,480,504]" name="Qatar" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">QTR</collectingCountry>
|
||
barcode]; ♂, N, Montagne d’Ambre, vers premier petit sommet, route GCASC->Gite,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C3CC61D1CBA2F28FCCF236A" box="[666,796,514,542]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" precision="1" value="-12.59435">12.59435o S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C3CC61D1D0C2F28FC4C236A" box="[812,927,514,542]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" precision="5" value="49.1583">49.1583o E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
+/-
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C3CC61D1DF52F28FBE4236A" box="[981,1079,517,542]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="km" value="0.26">0.26 km</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C3CC61D1A652F2BFB30236A" box="[1093,1251,517,542]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.72" metricValueMax="8.97" metricValueMin="8.47" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="m" value="872.0" valueMax="897.0" valueMin="847.0">872 +/- 25 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C3CC61D1AD22F2BFAA7236A" box="[1266,1396,518,542]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2004-11-17">17/11/2004</date>
|
||
, R. Ranaivosolo: DL-05-122,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C3CC61D1F9E2F04FDC62335" box="[446,533,553,577]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
(E) #671644 [
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C3CC61D1C8C2F04FD3F2335" box="[684,748,553,577]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">DNA</collectionCode>
|
||
voucher;
|
||
<accessionNumber id="947D6BC74C3CC61D1D7B2F04FC1E2335" box="[859,973,553,577]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ819174" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C3CC61D1D7B2F04FCA52335" box="[859,886,553,577]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">FJ</collectionCode>
|
||
819174
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
, 357 bp cytochrome b];
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C3CC61D1EE72F61FBD223DF" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3CC61D1EE72F61FE4F23FC" blockId="74.[151,1437,151,1989]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3CC61D1EE72F61FE4D2311" bold="true" box="[199,414,588,613]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Deposition PBZT:</emphasis>
|
||
♂ [PBZT],
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C3CC61D1C072F61FD482311" box="[551,667,588,613]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="1958-12-09">9/12/1958</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C3CC61D1C872F61FCFD2311" box="[679,814,588,613]" name="Madagascar" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
Nord, Montagne d'Ambre, Les Roussettes,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C3CC61D1B3C2F60FAA12310" box="[1308,1394,589,613]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C3CC61D1B5F2F60FA4F2310" box="[1407,1436,589,612]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="58-09">IX</date>
|
||
&
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C3CC61D1E942F42FF2C23FC" box="[180,255,623,648]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="1958-12">XII-58</date>
|
||
A. Robinson.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3CC61D1EE72FBFFBD223DF" blockId="74.[151,1437,151,1989]" box="[199,1025,658,683]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3CC61D1EE72FBFFE6D23DF" bold="true" box="[199,446,658,683]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Deposition summary</emphasis>
|
||
: BMNH (HT ♂, 5 PT ♂♂, 1 PT ♀); PBZT (PT ♂).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C3CC61D1EE72F95FBAE23A4" box="[199,1149,693,721]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3CC61D1EE72F95FBAE23A4" blockId="74.[151,1437,151,1989]" box="[199,1149,693,721]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3CC61D1EE72F95FEB623A5" bold="true" box="[199,357,696,721]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549548864C3CC61D1EE72F95FED123A5" box="[199,258,696,721]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Montagne d'Ambre, ‘Les Roussettes’,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C3CC61D1D3B2F95FC5C23A5" box="[795,911,693,721]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" precision="5" value="-12.5262">12.5262o S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C3CC61D1DBB2F94FBC623A4" box="[923,1045,693,721]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" precision="5" value="49.171">49.1710 o E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C3CC61D1A012F95FBAA23A4" box="[1057,1145,696,721]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.06" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="m" value="1060.0">1060 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C3CC61D1EE72FF1FC1E25EF" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3CC61D1EE72FF1FC1E25EF" blockId="74.[151,1437,151,1989]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3CC61D1EE72FF1FE922381" bold="true" box="[199,321,732,757]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
With a white point emphasised in space-M2 and often M3 of the FW and in M1-M
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C3CC61D1AD92FF1FAF72381" box="[1273,1316,732,757]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
the HWV,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3CC61D1EB72E2DFEE12263" box="[151,306,768,791]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roussettae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3CC61D1EB72E2DFEE12263" box="[151,306,768,791]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Ht. roussettae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
looks very like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3CC61D1FC52E2DFDA0226C" box="[485,627,767,792]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andasibe">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3CC61D1FC52E2DFDA0226C" box="[485,627,767,792]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Ht. andasibe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is however allopatric to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3CC61D1D852E2DFBE0226C" box="[933,1075,767,792]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andasibe">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3CC61D1D852E2DFBE0226C" box="[933,1075,767,792]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Ht. andasibe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as far as known confined to the northern rainforest of Montagne d’Ambre, and likewise it is allopatric to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3CC61D1DFB2E0EFAC8224F" authority="Oberthur, 1916" authorityName="Oberthur" authorityYear="1916" box="[987,1307,802,827]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Culapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3CC61D1DFB2E0EFB87224E" box="[987,1108,803,826]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Ht. anceps</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C3CC61D1A442E0FFAC0224F" author="Oberthur" box="[1124,1299,802,827]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" refString="Oberthur, C. (1916) Observations sur une centurie d'Especes de Lepidopteres Rhopaloceres malagaches. Etudes de Lepidopterologie Comparee, 11, 177 - 244." type="journal article" year="1916">Oberthür, 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3CC61D1B0A2E0EFA4F224E" box="[1322,1436,803,826]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tianae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3CC61D1B0A2E0EFA4F224E" box="[1322,1436,803,826]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Ht. tianae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3CC61D1EEC2E6BFEA1222A" box="[204,370,837,862]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oberthueri" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3CC61D1EEC2E6BFEA1222A" box="[204,370,837,862]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Ht. oberthueri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269974D4C3CC61D1F5F2E6BFE0D2229" box="[383,478,838,861]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, which like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3CC61D1C572E6BFCDF222A" box="[631,780,837,862]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andasibe">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3CC61D1C572E6BFCDF222A" box="[631,780,837,862]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Ht. andasibe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are distributed at more central latitudes of the eastern rainforests.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3CC61D1F3F2E47FE1322F5" box="[287,448,874,897]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roussettae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3CC61D1F3F2E47FE1322F5" box="[287,448,874,897]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Ht. roussettae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a smoother outcurve to the HWV Mb than those species at M3, and in known material there is a strong tendency to expression of an ocellus, albeit small, in space-M3 on the HWD (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C3CC61D1B0D2EA1FAAC22D0" box="[1325,1407,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[240,1346,208,1812]" captionTargetId="figure@75.[223,1363,195,1828]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 22. Adults in DV (left), VV (right) for mounted specimens and adults in natural posture. A: HT ♂ of Heteropsis roussettae Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. (Montagne d’Ambre; NHMUK 010289154). B: ♀ PT of Ht. roussettae (Montagne d’Ambre; NHMUK 010289157). C: LT ♂ of Culapa antsianakana Oberthür, 1916 (‘ Antsianaka’, 1890; BMNH (E) # 674757; now Ht. andasibe Lees (2003 )). D: LT ♂ of Culapa anceps Oberthür, 1916 (‘ Antsianaka’, 1893; BMNH (E) # 674762). Scale bar: 30 mm. E: ♀ of Ht. roussettae, in disturbed habitat (Montagne d’Ambre; 09 / 01 / 1995); F: ♀ of Ht. andasibe (Andasibe; 24 / 10 / 2014)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264619/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
A- B); these features distinguish it from the other four generally similar species. In the ♂ genitalia from LV, compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3CC61D1E932EFEFE91229F" box="[179,322,978,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andasibe">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3CC61D1E932EFEFE91229F" box="[179,322,978,1003]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Ht. andasibe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the tegumen has a relatively straight dorsal edge (and wide and shallow proximad notch from DV), appearing quite extended proximad and the uncus tip extends towards or slightly beyond maximum extension (distad lobe) of valve tips; the reliability of these distinguishing features is unknown. The HWV has a relatively straight Mb (compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3CC61D1FE42910FCD02520" authority="Mabille, 1877" authorityName="Mabille" authorityYear="1877" box="[452,771,1084,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3CC61D1FE42910FD942521" box="[452,583,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Ht. strigula</emphasis>
|
||
(Mabille, 1877)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3CC61D1D7C2910FC092521" box="[860,986,1084,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Mycalesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ankova">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3CC61D1D7C2910FC092521" box="[860,986,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Ht. ankova</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, where it is outangled at M2), and this characteristic is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3CC61D1FE9294DFD972503" box="[457,580,1120,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Culapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3CC61D1FE9294DFD972503" box="[457,580,1120,1143]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Ht. anceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the light orange
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3CC61D1D1E294DFBC2250C" box="[830,1041,1119,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menamenoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3CC61D1D1E294DFBC2250C" box="[830,1041,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Ht. menamenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described above, distinguishing it strongly from members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3CC61D1FCC29AEFD7225EF" box="[492,673,1154,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angulifascia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3CC61D1FCC29AEFD7225EF" box="[492,673,1154,1179]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Ht. angulifascia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3CC61D1CD329AEFCA725EF" box="[755,884,1154,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3CC61D1CD329AEFCA725EF" box="[755,884,1154,1179]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Ht. strigula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C3CC61B1EE72988FAFC2682" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3CC61D1EE72988FC7627DF" blockId="74.[151,1437,151,1989]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3CC61D1EE72988FE6625CA" bold="true" box="[199,437,1189,1214]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Description. Wings:</emphasis>
|
||
Upperside uniform dark brown. FW space-CuA1 ocellus with black iris spanning veins CuA1 and CuA2; Orng not perfectly circular, tending to be angled towards base of vein CuA1. FW space-M1 ocellus small, with faint orange ring; M2 ocellus white pupil only evident. In HW, space-CuA1 ocellus elliptic, with narrow dark orange ring, spanning about 1/3 of vein CuA1-CuA2 distance; space-M3 ocellus expressed (unusually for a member of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3CC61D1C24281EFD55243F" box="[516,646,1330,1355]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3CC61D1C24281EFD55243F" box="[516,646,1330,1355]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Ht. strigula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group), but smaller, less elliptic. White pupils as points only, in HW spaces-M1-M3 particularly. Underside has ochreous-olive brown cast. FW space-CuA1 ocellus with orange ring that is yellower towards costa tending to be blocked by vein M3, and forming Ore that follows concave curve of dark brown FWV Mb, which as usual curves back towards mid costa. Background colour is slightly yellower olivebrown distad of Mb. Mb in HW relatively straight, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3CC61D1D3E28EDFC3C24AC" box="[798,1007,1471,1496]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menamenoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3CC61D1D3E28EDFC3C24AC" box="[798,1007,1471,1496]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Ht. menamenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and there is a distinct dark brownish convex PMb. Fine irroration of small darker brown line fragments throughout wing and concentrated in basal area, with Cbs on FW comprising two sets of approximately parallel transverse lines in the FW cell area. Very wavy darker diffuse brown line runs submarginally in both wings especially FW (somewhat toothed outward at each vein) and narrow darker brown line tracks wing margin, which is fairly smooth, only very slightly crenate.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3CC61D1EB72B42FED827FC" bold="true" box="[151,267,1647,1672]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
♂♂ similar to each other, but seasonal variation has not been quantified. ♀♀ similar in pattern, but larger and somewhat lighter dorsally with a more rounded HW shape.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3CC61D1EE72B98FEF82785" blockId="74.[151,1437,151,1989]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3CC61D1EE72B98FEBF27BA" bold="true" box="[199,364,1717,1742]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Wingspan/fwl</emphasis>
|
||
: range
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C3CC61D1FE22B9BFD8227B9" box="[450,593,1718,1742]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.97" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.94" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="39.7" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="39.4">39.4–40 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=2 ♂♂)/
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C3CC61D1CEE2B9BFCA727B9" box="[718,884,1718,1742]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.07" metricValueMax="2.17" metricValueMin="1.97" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="20.7" valueMax="21.7" valueMin="19.7">19.7–21.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=3 ♂♂), including HT ♂ 40/
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C3CC61D1AFB2B9BFAFE27B9" box="[1243,1325,1718,1742]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
|
||
; 40/
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C3CC61D1B7D2B9BFF102784" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.089" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="20.89">20.89 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=1 ♀).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3CC61D1EE72BD1FBC726B0" blockId="74.[151,1437,151,1989]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3CC61D1EE72BD1FE882661" bold="true" box="[199,347,1788,1813]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Androconia.</emphasis>
|
||
Aside from Sdb, dark dispersed Cub consists of brownish hairs emanating from above 1A+2A and 3A that may contact a blackish patch of specialized scales located on abdominal sternite A3–A5 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C3CC61D1B372A32FED8262F" author="Lees" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" refString="Lees, D. C. (1997) Systematics and biogeography of Madagascan mycalesine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae). Unpubl. PhD thesis, University of London, London, 411 pp." type="book" year="1997">
|
||
Lees, 1997: 99,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C3CC61D1EE42A6FFED8262F" box="[196,267,1858,1883]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1641,1663]" captionTargetBox="[259,1327,202,1604]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[234,1353,193,1619]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 5. ♂ genitalia in LV (left), DV (right). A: ♂ genitalia of Heteropsis mimetica (Anjanaharibe Sud; 278 DL, CK 529). B: ♂ genitalia of PT of Ht. hazovola (Masoala; NHMUK 010289179, 26 DL). C: ♂ genitalia of Ht. alaokola, stat. rev. (Fianarantsoa; 146 DL). Scale bar: 3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264602/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Note that an androconial abdominal patch in this position is not very evident, and does not appear distinctly from superficial examination. The cubital/anal brush(es) partially overlie two ‘balloon’ inflations (swellings) terminating around mid-vein in 1A+2A and 3A, tapering towards base, covered in very small thin grey scales, that in 3A are rather larger than that in 1A+2A (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C3CC61D1D202A81FBD426B0" author="Lees" box="[768,1031,1964,1989]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" refString="Lees, D. C. (1997) Systematics and biogeography of Madagascan mycalesine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae). Unpubl. PhD thesis, University of London, London, 411 pp." type="book" year="1997">
|
||
Lees 1997: 96,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C3CC61D1D8E2A81FC3C26B0" box="[942,1007,1964,1989]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1650,1672]" captionTargetBox="[303,1292,195,1608]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[275,1307,177,1626]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Adults in DV (left), VV (right) unless otherwise stated. A: depictions (‘ iconotypes’) of Gallienia alaokola Oberthür (1916) ♂, left (VV) and ♀, right (DV), representing Oberthür’s preference for the type specimens of this nominal species, both referred here to Ht. mabillei (Butler, 1879). B: designated LT ♂ of G. alaokola Oberthür, 1916 (‘ Fianarantsoa’; BMNH (E) 1717102). C: HT ♂ of Strabena mabillei Butler, 1879 (BMNH (E) 672624). Scale bar: 30 mm. D: ♂ abdomen of Oberthür collection specimen of Ht. mabillei (left, VV). E: PLT ♂ abdomen of G. alaokola (Fianarantsoa; BMNH (E) 672621) (right, VV)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264600/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF51A6AC4C3DC61C1EB72A11FF29269F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264619/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" targetBox="[240,1346,208,1812]" targetPageId="75">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3DC61C1EB72A11FF29269F" blockId="75.[151,1436,1852,2027]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3DC61C1EB72A11FEF12625" bold="true" box="[151,290,1852,1874]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">FIGURE 22.</emphasis>
|
||
Adults in DV (left), VV (right) for mounted specimens and adults in natural posture.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3DC61C1A892A11FB682625" bold="true" box="[1193,1211,1852,1873]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">A</emphasis>
|
||
: HT ♂ of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3DC61C1B0F2A10FE6A2605" authority="Lees & Kremen" authorityName="Lees & Kremen" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roussettae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3DC61C1B0F2A10FF2D2605" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Heteropsis roussettae</emphasis>
|
||
Lees & Kremen
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269974D4C3DC61C1FE92A76FDCC2604" box="[457,543,1883,1904]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3DC61C1FE92A76FDCC2604" bold="true" box="[457,543,1883,1904]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(Montagne d’Ambre; NHMUK010289154).
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3DC61C1A212A76FBC12604" bold="true" box="[1025,1042,1883,1904]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">B</emphasis>
|
||
: ♀ PT of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3DC61C1AAE2A71FAF22605" box="[1166,1313,1884,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roussettae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3DC61C1AAE2A71FAF22605" box="[1166,1313,1884,1905]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Ht. roussettae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Montagne d’Ambre; NHMUK010289157).
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3DC61C1FC92A57FE2826E4" bold="true" box="[489,507,1914,1936]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">C</emphasis>
|
||
: LT ♂ of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3DC61C1C472A57FC3526E4" authority="Oberthur, 1916" authorityName="Oberthur" authorityYear="1916" box="[615,998,1914,1936]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Culapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antsianakana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3DC61C1C472A57FC9126E4" box="[615,834,1914,1936]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Culapa antsianakana</emphasis>
|
||
Oberthür, 1916
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(‘Antsianaka’, 1890; BMNH(E) #674757; now
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3DC61C1EEA2AB7FE0F26DA" authority="Lees (2003)" authorityName="Lees" authorityYear="2003" box="[202,476,1944,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andasibe">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3DC61C1EEA2AB7FE9D26DA" box="[202,334,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Ht. andasibe</emphasis>
|
||
Lees (2003))
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3DC61C1FC62AB4FE2B26DA" bold="true" box="[486,504,1945,1966]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">D</emphasis>
|
||
: LT ♂ of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3DC61C1C442AB5FC7326DA" authority="Oberthur, 1916" authorityName="Oberthur" authorityYear="1916" box="[612,928,1944,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Culapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3DC61C1C442AB5FD2F26DB" box="[612,764,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Culapa anceps</emphasis>
|
||
Oberthür, 1916
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(‘Antsianaka’, 1893; BMNH(E) #674762). Scale bar: 30 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3DC61C1F372A9AFEFB26B8" bold="true" box="[279,296,1975,1996]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">E</emphasis>
|
||
: ♀ of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3DC61C1F482A95FE2626B9" box="[360,501,1976,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roussettae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3DC61C1F482A95FE2626B9" box="[360,501,1976,1997]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Ht. roussettae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in disturbed habitat (Montagne d’Ambre; 09/01/1995);
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3DC61C1A102A9AFBEC26B8" bold="true" box="[1072,1087,1975,1996]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">F</emphasis>
|
||
: ♀ of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3DC61C1AA02A95FAD326B9" box="[1152,1280,1975,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andasibe">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3DC61C1AA02A95FAD326B9" box="[1152,1280,1975,1997]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Ht. andasibe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3DC61C1B2D2A9AFAA226B9" box="[1293,1393,1975,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andasibe">Andasibe</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 24/ 10/2014).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF51A6AC4C3AC61B1EB728B9FD952772" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264620/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" targetBox="[249,1339,207,1397]" targetPageId="76">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3AC61B1EB728B9FD952772" blockId="76.[151,1436,1428,1542]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3AC61B1EB728B9FECC24DD" bold="true" box="[151,287,1428,1450]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">FIGURE 23.</emphasis>
|
||
Adults in views stated.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3AC61B1C2F28B9FDF224DD" bold="true" box="[527,545,1428,1449]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">A</emphasis>
|
||
: ♂ PT genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3AC61B1CC228B8FBB624DE" authority="Lees & Kremen" authorityName="Lees & Kremen" box="[738,1125,1428,1450]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roussettae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3AC61B1CC228B8FC9C24DE" box="[738,847,1429,1450]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Heteropsis</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3AC61B1D7528B8FC6F24DE" box="[853,956,1429,1450]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">roussettae</emphasis>
|
||
Lees & Kremen
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269974D4C3AC61B1A4E28B9FB6C24DD" box="[1134,1215,1428,1449]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3AC61B1A4E28B9FB6C24DD" bold="true" box="[1134,1215,1428,1449]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(Montagne d’Ambre; 33DL), LV, SV. Scale bar: 3 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3AC61B1FCA289EFE2824BC" bold="true" box="[490,507,1459,1480]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">B</emphasis>
|
||
: ♂ genitalia and sternal androconial scaling in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3AC61B1DF82899FBB624BD" box="[984,1125,1460,1481]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roussettae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3AC61B1DF82899FBB624BD" box="[984,1125,1460,1481]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Ht. roussettae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(“sp. 26” modified from Lees, 1997; not to scale), LV.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3AC61B1FB928FCFE782493" bold="true" box="[409,427,1489,1511]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">C</emphasis>
|
||
: ♂ genitalia and sternal androconial scaling in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3AC61B1D8428FFFBFA2493" box="[932,1065,1489,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andasibe">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3AC61B1D8428FFFBFA2493" box="[932,1065,1489,1511]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Ht. andasibe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(modified from Lees, 1997: where labelled “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3AC61B1ED828DDFE532772" box="[248,384,1520,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Culapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antsianakana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3AC61B1ED828DDFE532772" box="[248,384,1520,1542]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">antsianakana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”; not to scale), LV.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3AC61B1EE72B00FC15271E" blockId="76.[151,1437,1581,2038]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3AC61B1EE72B00FEDB2732" bold="true" box="[199,264,1581,1606]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Palps</emphasis>
|
||
: penultimate segment with medial narrow brown strip, flanked by yellowish scales, and fringed with browner scales; yellowish scales prominent on mesad face of labial palp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3AC61B1EE72B58FAFC2682" blockId="76.[151,1437,1581,2038]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3AC61B1EE72B58FE9827FA" bold="true" box="[199,331,1653,1678]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">♂ genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
: 33DL (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C3AC61B1F902B58FDD027FA" box="[432,515,1653,1678]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="76.[151,250,1428,1450]" captionTargetBox="[249,1339,207,1397]" captionTargetId="figure@76.[234,1353,193,1406]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 23. Adults in views stated. A: ♂ PT genitalia of Heteropsis roussettae Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. (Montagne d’Ambre; 33 DL), LV, SV. Scale bar: 3 mm. B: ♂ genitalia and sternal androconial scaling in Ht. roussettae (“ sp. 26 ” modified from Lees, 1997; not to scale), LV. C: ♂ genitalia and sternal androconial scaling in Ht. andasibe (modified from Lees, 1997: where labelled “ antsianakana ”; not to scale), LV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264620/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
A, PT): from LV, very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3AC61B1DA22B5BFBC027FA" box="[898,1043,1653,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andasibe">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3AC61B1DA22B5BFBC027FA" box="[898,1043,1653,1678]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Ht. andasibe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3AC61B1A732B58FB3A27FA" authority="in Lees" authorityName="in Lees" authorityPageNumber="107" authorityYear="1997" box="[1107,1257,1653,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Culapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antsianakana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3AC61B1A732B58FB3A27FA" box="[1107,1257,1653,1678]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">antsianakana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C3AC61B1B3E2B5BFA4B27FA" author="Lees" box="[1310,1432,1654,1678]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" refString="Lees, D. C. (1997) Systematics and biogeography of Madagascan mycalesine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae). Unpubl. PhD thesis, University of London, London, 411 pp." type="book" year="1997">Lees 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 107,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C3AC61B1EF12BB4FEE127C6" box="[209,306,1689,1714]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1840,1862]" captionTargetBox="[267,1325,216,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[244,1342,193,1819]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 7. Adults in DV (left), VV (right) or in natural postures. A: HT ♂ of Heteropsis harveyi Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. (NHMUK 010289119). B: PT ♀ of Ht. harveyi (NHMUK 010289121). C: HT ♂ of Henotesia andravahana ab. marmorata Aurivillius, 1911 (NHRS-TOBI 000000050). D: pair of Ht. harveyi in copula (Maromizaha, photo courtesy Lance Featherstone). E: ♂ of Ht. imerina (Ankazomivady, 23 / 03 / 2003, photo: D. C. Lees), for comparison, showing relatively produced ‘ tail’ on HW vein M 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264604/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
Figure
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C3AC61B1F032BB7FEE127C6" box="[291,306,1690,1714]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="7.0" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="g" value="7.0">7</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
g), but tegumen, which has fairly straight dorsal edge (and wide and shallow proximad notch from DV), appears quite extended proximad from LV and uncus tip extends towards or slightly beyond maximum extension (the distad lobe) of valve tip. Uncus slightly longer than tegumen and parallel sided from LV with distinct dorsal ‘head’ at tip; slightly inflated before tip from DV. Valves stout and asymmetric at base which also has a small and gently curved ‘shoulder’; dorsal valve margin is the much more recurved one, with a recurved spine facing proximad/mesad. As in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3AC61B1C632A63FD062612" box="[579,725,1869,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andasibe">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3AC61B1C632A63FD062612" box="[579,725,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Ht. andasibe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the shallowly bifid ends of valves impart a somewhat ‘crab pincer’-like appearance, heavily armed with spinoid setae along wide, uncus-facing margin. Saccus not long and aedeagus similar length to valve, quite deep and strongly uprecurved distad. The gnathos emanates from a distinctly rectangular base, recurved downward as crossing the fairly narrow and parallel-necked uncus, at an angle of around 40 degrees in the specimen examined. The juxta is narrow proximad and slightly down-lipped.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C3BC61A1EE72DBAFBB52011" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3BC61A1EE72DBAFBB52011" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,1697]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3BC61A1EE72DBAFE9D21C4" bold="true" box="[199,334,151,176]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Named after Les Roussettes (a name likely derived from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3BC61A1DFA2DB4FB9421C4" box="[986,1095,153,176]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Rousettus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3BC61A1DFA2DB4FB9421C4" box="[986,1095,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Rousettus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a genus of fruit bat; note that the derivation used here though is feminine singular from the French word ‘roussette’, which might approximate the root of both names). Les Roussettes is a rather famous touristic site at PN Montagne d’Ambre and when visited this former forestry station was provided with a ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3BC61A1CEB2C28FD262068" box="[715,757,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">gite</emphasis>
|
||
’ around which this low-flying species could be found. The name also reflects that of the closely related species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3BC61A1CC42C04FCA02034" box="[740,883,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andasibe">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3BC61A1CC42C04FCA02034" box="[740,883,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Ht. andasibe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, also named after a familiar tourist destination in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C3BC61A1EB72C61FEF32011" box="[151,288,332,357]" name="Madagascar" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and again also emphasing the high local endemicity of much of the fauna.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C3BC61A1EE72C42FCAF252A" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3BC61A1EE72C42FE9B22BA" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,1697]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3BC61A1EE72C42FE9F20FC" bold="true" box="[199,332,367,392]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
This species was first recognized in the field as “sp. 26” by Claire Kremen on
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C3BC61A1AC02C5DFAB320FC" box="[1248,1376,368,392]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" value="1992-02-20">20/02/1992</date>
|
||
(two ♂♂). There is a single historical specimen of this species in PBZT included in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549548864C3BC61A1AA22CB8FB6120D9" box="[1154,1202,405,429]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series. All relevant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3BC61A1EB72C94FEDC20A4" box="[151,271,441,464]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3BC61A1EB72C94FEDC20A4" box="[151,271,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Heteropsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="549548864C3BC61A1F372C95FE8120A4" box="[279,338,440,464]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">types</typeStatus>
|
||
in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3BC61A1F812C94FDF120A4" box="[417,546,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3BC61A1F812C94FDF120A4" box="[417,546,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Ht. strigula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group were examined to ensure recognition of this species as new. The former
|
||
<typeStatus id="549548864C3BC61A1EB72CF0FF2A2081" box="[151,249,477,501]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3BC61A1F3D2CF1FD652081" authority="Oberthur 1916" authorityName="Oberthur" authorityYear="1916" box="[285,694,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Culapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antsianakana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3BC61A1F3D2CF1FDDF2081" box="[285,524,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Culapa antsianakana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C3BC61A1C332CF1FD652081" author="Oberthur" box="[531,694,476,501]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Oberthur, C. (1916) Observations sur une centurie d'Especes de Lepidopteres Rhopaloceres malagaches. Etudes de Lepidopterologie Comparee, 11, 177 - 244." type="journal article" year="1916">Oberthür 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were examined: LT ♂, according to the Code, was first designated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C3BC61A1E9B2CD2FEBF236C" author="d'Abrera" box="[187,364,511,536]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="d'Abrera, B. L. (1980) Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region. Lansdowne Editions, Melbourne, 593 pp." type="book" year="1980">d’Abrera (1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 184) who illustrated a specimen of the first species with a red label next to it and a text which stated “♂ (
|
||
<typeStatus id="549548864C3BC61A1F2F2F09FEA72349" box="[271,372,548,573]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) as illustrated” (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C3BC61A1C0C2F09FDAC2348" box="[556,639,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[240,1346,208,1812]" captionTargetId="figure@75.[223,1363,195,1828]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 22. Adults in DV (left), VV (right) for mounted specimens and adults in natural posture. A: HT ♂ of Heteropsis roussettae Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. (Montagne d’Ambre; NHMUK 010289154). B: ♀ PT of Ht. roussettae (Montagne d’Ambre; NHMUK 010289157). C: LT ♂ of Culapa antsianakana Oberthür, 1916 (‘ Antsianaka’, 1890; BMNH (E) # 674757; now Ht. andasibe Lees (2003 )). D: LT ♂ of Culapa anceps Oberthür, 1916 (‘ Antsianaka’, 1893; BMNH (E) # 674762). Scale bar: 30 mm. E: ♀ of Ht. roussettae, in disturbed habitat (Montagne d’Ambre; 09 / 01 / 1995); F: ♀ of Ht. andasibe (Andasibe; 24 / 10 / 2014)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264619/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
C); bearing labels “BMNH(E) #674757;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C3BC61A1A652F09FB1F2349" box="[1093,1228,548,573]" name="Madagascar" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
Antsianaka Perrot Freres 2e Semestre 1890”. Also examined were the STs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3BC61A1D162F67FB422317" authority="Oberthur 1916" authorityName="Oberthur" authorityYear="1916" box="[822,1169,586,611]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Culapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3BC61A1D162F67FC0C2317" box="[822,991,586,611]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Culapa anceps</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C3BC61A1DC82F67FB422317" author="Oberthur" box="[1000,1169,586,611]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Oberthur, C. (1916) Observations sur une centurie d'Especes de Lepidopteres Rhopaloceres malagaches. Etudes de Lepidopterologie Comparee, 11, 177 - 244." type="journal article" year="1916">Oberthür 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; LT ♂, here designated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C3BC61A1EBF2F5CFF2423FE" box="[159,247,625,650]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[240,1346,208,1812]" captionTargetId="figure@75.[223,1363,195,1828]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 22. Adults in DV (left), VV (right) for mounted specimens and adults in natural posture. A: HT ♂ of Heteropsis roussettae Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. (Montagne d’Ambre; NHMUK 010289154). B: ♀ PT of Ht. roussettae (Montagne d’Ambre; NHMUK 010289157). C: LT ♂ of Culapa antsianakana Oberthür, 1916 (‘ Antsianaka’, 1890; BMNH (E) # 674757; now Ht. andasibe Lees (2003 )). D: LT ♂ of Culapa anceps Oberthür, 1916 (‘ Antsianaka’, 1893; BMNH (E) # 674762). Scale bar: 30 mm. E: ♀ of Ht. roussettae, in disturbed habitat (Montagne d’Ambre; 09 / 01 / 1995); F: ♀ of Ht. andasibe (Andasibe; 24 / 10 / 2014)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264619/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
D), specimen bearing labels “BMNH(E) #674762;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C3BC61A1D722F5CFC0A23FE" box="[850,985,625,650]" name="Madagascar" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
Antsianaka Perrot Freres 2e Semestre 1893”. Regarding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3BC61A1F452FB8FD0F23DA" authority="Mabille, 1877" authorityName="Mabille" authorityYear="1877" box="[357,732,661,686]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Mycalesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3BC61A1F452FB8FDE723DA" box="[357,564,661,686]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Mycalesis strigula</emphasis>
|
||
Mabille, 1877
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, not clearly a HT by monotypy, a LT ♂ is here also designated (not illustrated here): BMNH(E) 673784. Among the two synonyms of the last species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C3BC61A1AB22F97FADE23A6" author="Lees" box="[1170,1293,698,722]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Lees, D. C. (1997) Systematics and biogeography of Madagascan mycalesine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae). Unpubl. PhD thesis, University of London, London, 411 pp." type="book" year="1997">Lees 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Lees
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3BC61A1B7A2F97FA4623A6" box="[1370,1429,697,722]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2003; illustrated in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C3BC61A1F542FF0FDF72382" author="d'Abrera" box="[372,548,733,758]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="d'Abrera, B. L. (1997) Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region. Part 1. Papilionidae, Pieridae, Acraeidae, Danaidae, Satyridae. Hill House Publishers, Melbourne & London, 263 pp." type="book" year="1997">d’Abrera, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), also examined were
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3BC61A1D012FF0FB4F2382" authority="Oberthur, 1916" authorityName="Oberthur" authorityYear="1916" box="[801,1180,733,758]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Culapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ankovana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3BC61A1D012FF0FC3A2382" box="[801,1001,733,758]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Culapa ankovana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C3BC61A1DD12FF0FB4F2382" author="Oberthur" box="[1009,1180,733,758]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Oberthur, C. (1916) Observations sur une centurie d'Especes de Lepidopteres Rhopaloceres malagaches. Etudes de Lepidopterologie Comparee, 11, 177 - 244." type="journal article" year="1916">Oberthür, 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(HT ♂, by monotypy: “BMNH(E) 673783;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C3BC61A1FA52E2CFDDF226E" box="[389,524,769,794]" name="Madagascar" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
Fito
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C3BC61A1C682E2CFCD4226E" box="[584,775,769,794]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" value="1897-05" valueMax="1897-08-31" valueMin="1897-05-00">Mai à Aout 1897</date>
|
||
Perrot Freres”; specimen illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C3BC61A1AE62E2CFAA0226E" author="Oberthur" box="[1222,1395,769,794]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Oberthur, C. (1916) Observations sur une centurie d'Especes de Lepidopteres Rhopaloceres malagaches. Etudes de Lepidopterologie Comparee, 11, 177 - 244." type="journal article" year="1916">Oberthür, 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Pl. 367, f. 3060 and by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C3BC61A1FA32E08FDFE224A" author="d'Abrera" box="[387,557,805,830]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="d'Abrera, B. L. (1980) Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region. Lansdowne Editions, Melbourne, 593 pp." type="book" year="1980">d’Abrera 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 184 (“♂ (?
|
||
<typeStatus id="549548864C3BC61A1CE12E08FCF6224A" box="[705,805,805,830]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) as illustrated”)) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3BC61A1A002E08FA4F224A" authority="Oberthur, 1916" authorityName="Oberthur" authorityYear="1916" box="[1056,1436,805,830]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Culapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wardiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3BC61A1A002E08FB35224A" box="[1056,1254,805,830]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Culapa wardiana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C3BC61A1AD02E08FA4F224A" author="Oberthur" box="[1264,1436,805,830]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Oberthur, C. (1916) Observations sur une centurie d'Especes de Lepidopteres Rhopaloceres malagaches. Etudes de Lepidopterologie Comparee, 11, 177 - 244." type="journal article" year="1916">Oberthür, 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(HT ♂: BMNH(E) 673785); illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C3BC61A1C542E64FCC92216" author="Oberthur" box="[628,794,841,866]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Oberthur, C. (1916) Observations sur une centurie d'Especes de Lepidopteres Rhopaloceres malagaches. Etudes de Lepidopterologie Comparee, 11, 177 - 244." type="journal article" year="1916">Oberthür 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Pl. 356, f. 3056.
|
||
<typeStatus id="549548864C3BC61A1DC02E67FBF02216" box="[992,1059,842,866]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Types</typeStatus>
|
||
were also examined of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3BC61A1B0C2E64FEAB22F2" authority="Ward, 1870" authorityName="Ward" authorityYear="1870" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Mycalesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ankova">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3BC61A1B0C2E64FF3B22F2" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Mycalesis ankova</emphasis>
|
||
Ward, 1870
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(HT ♂: “BMNH(E) 673767;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C3BC61A1CF72E40FC8D22F2" box="[727,862,877,902]" name="Madagascar" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
Ex COLL. CHRIS WARD”). See also under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3BC61A1B592E43FF2322DE" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tornado">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3BC61A1B592E43FF2322DE" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Ht. tornado</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
regarding
|
||
<typeStatus id="549548864C3BC61A1F482EBFFE7022DE" box="[360,419,914,938]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3BC61A1FE72EBCFC8C22DE" authority="Butler, 1880" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1880" box="[455,863,913,938]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pseudonympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turbata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3BC61A1FE72EBCFD1F22DE" box="[455,716,913,938]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Pseudonympha turbata</emphasis>
|
||
Butler, 1880
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3BC61A1D4A2EBCFB6D22DE" authority="Oberthur, 1916" authorityName="Oberthur" authorityYear="1916" box="[874,1214,913,938]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Culapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3BC61A1D4A2EBCFBDD22DD" box="[874,1038,913,938]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Culapa ornata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C3BC61A1A342EBCFB6D22DE" author="Oberthur" box="[1044,1214,913,938]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Oberthur, C. (1916) Observations sur une centurie d'Especes de Lepidopteres Rhopaloceres malagaches. Etudes de Lepidopterologie Comparee, 11, 177 - 244." type="journal article" year="1916">Oberthür, 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3BC61A1AD42EBCFE9722BA" authority="Oberthur, 1916" authorityName="Oberthur" authorityYear="1916" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Culapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3BC61A1AD42EBCFA4F22DE" box="[1268,1436,913,938]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Culapa pallida</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C3BC61A1EB72E98FE9722BA" author="Oberthur" box="[151,324,949,974]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Oberthur, C. (1916) Observations sur une centurie d'Especes de Lepidopteres Rhopaloceres malagaches. Etudes de Lepidopterologie Comparee, 11, 177 - 244." type="journal article" year="1916">Oberthür, 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3BC61A1EE72EF4FCAF252A" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,1697]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3BC61A1EE72EF4FD1B2286" bold="true" box="[199,712,985,1010]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Additional information. DNA divergences:</emphasis>
|
||
no COI-5P barcode yet available. The cytochrome b sequence, 357 bp (BMNH(E) #671644,
|
||
<accessionNumber id="947D6BC74C3BC61A1FD82ED3FDBB2562" box="[504,616,1022,1046]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ819174" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">FJ819174</accessionNumber>
|
||
) is about 4.75% divergent from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3BC61A1DD22ED3FB552562" box="[1010,1158,1021,1046]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andasibe">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3BC61A1DD22ED3FB552562" box="[1010,1158,1021,1046]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Ht. andasibe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(comparison sequences BMNH(E) #676684
|
||
<accessionNumber id="947D6BC74C3BC61A1F5E290FFE3F254E" box="[382,492,1058,1082]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ819448" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">FJ819448</accessionNumber>
|
||
from Ambatovy; BMNH(E) #676666
|
||
<accessionNumber id="947D6BC74C3BC61A1DBC290CFBDE254E" box="[924,1037,1057,1082]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ819446" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">FJ819446</accessionNumber>
|
||
, BMNH(E) #676679
|
||
<accessionNumber id="947D6BC74C3BC61A1ADF290FFABE254E" box="[1279,1389,1058,1082]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ819447" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">FJ819447</accessionNumber>
|
||
and BMNH(E) #697771
|
||
<accessionNumber id="947D6BC74C3BC61A1F5E296BFE22252A" box="[382,497,1094,1118]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ819449" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">FJ819449</accessionNumber>
|
||
; dataset of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C3BC61A1C4F2968FCA2252A" author="Monaghan" box="[623,881,1093,1118]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Monaghan, M. T., Wild, R., Elliot, E., Fujisawa, T., Balke, M, Inward, D. J. G., Lees, D. C., Ranaivosolo, R., Eggleton, P., Barraclough, T. G. & Vogler, A. P. (2009) Accelerated species inventory on Madagascar using coalescent-based models of species delineation. Systematic Biology, 58, 298 - 311. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / sysbio / syp 027" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Monaghan
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3BC61A1CCD296BFCF5252A" box="[749,806,1093,1118]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C3BC61A1EE72944FE0424B2" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3BC61A1EE72944FBB32466" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,1697]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3BC61A1EE72944FE3725F6" bold="true" box="[199,484,1129,1154]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Phylogeny/sister species</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C3BC61A1FD32947FD6125F6" author="Lees" box="[499,690,1129,1154]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Lees, D. C. (1997) Systematics and biogeography of Madagascan mycalesine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae). Unpubl. PhD thesis, University of London, London, 411 pp." type="book" year="1997">Lees (1997: 156)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found morphological support for a clade consisting of this species (“TWNSX”),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3BC61A1F1729A3FE6125D1" box="[311,434,1166,1189]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Culapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3BC61A1F1729A3FE6125D1" box="[311,434,1166,1189]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Ht. anceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3BC61A1FEE29A3FD9225D2" box="[462,577,1166,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Culapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anceps">ANCEPS</taxonomicName>
|
||
”) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3BC61A1CB029A3FCF125D2" box="[656,802,1165,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andasibe">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3BC61A1CB029A3FCF125D2" box="[656,802,1165,1190]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Ht. andasibe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(“ANTSI”), with a topology retained in analysis of ♂ genitalic characters. Although it resembles more closely
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3BC61A1D18299FFC1F25BE" box="[824,972,1201,1226]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andasibe">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3BC61A1D18299FFC1F25BE" box="[824,972,1201,1226]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Ht. andasibe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, either species might potentially be its allospecific replacement in Northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C3BC61A1C1829F8FD12259A" box="[568,705,1237,1262]" name="Madagascar" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but new collections of the narrowly endemic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C3BC61A1AE729FBFAEC2599" box="[1223,1343,1238,1261]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Culapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3BC61A1AE729FBFAEC2599" box="[1223,1343,1238,1261]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Ht. anceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also needed to provide DNA evidence (see also combined tree in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C3BC61A1D6029D4FB872466" author="Aduse-Poku" box="[832,1108,1273,1298]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Aduse-Poku, K., Lees, D. C., Brattstrom, O., Kodandaramaiah, U., Collins, S. & Brakefield, P. M., (2016) Molecular phylogeny and generic-level taxonomy of the widespread palaeotropical ' Heteropsis clade' (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Mycalesina). Systematic Entomology, in press. http: // dx. doi. org / syen. 12183" type="book" year="2016">
|
||
Aduse-Poku
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3BC61A1DF129D7FBD92466" box="[977,1034,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3BC61A1EE72830FE252442" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,1697]" box="[199,502,1309,1334]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3BC61A1EE72830FE252442" bold="true" box="[199,502,1309,1334]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Ecology and distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3BC61A1EE7286CFD50242E" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,1697]" box="[199,643,1345,1370]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3BC61A1EE7286CFEF0242E" bold="true" box="[199,291,1345,1370]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Habitat</emphasis>
|
||
: fairly open areas in rainforest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3BC61A1EE72848FDA0240A" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,1697]" box="[199,627,1381,1406]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3BC61A1EE72848FE90240A" bold="true" box="[199,323,1381,1406]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Behaviour</emphasis>
|
||
: flies low over the ground.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3BC61A1EE728A4FC5324D6" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,1697]" box="[199,896,1417,1442]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3BC61A1EE728A4FEEE24D6" bold="true" box="[199,317,1417,1442]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Hostplant</emphasis>
|
||
: unknown, but assumed to be low growing grasses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3BC61A1EE72880FE0424B2" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,1697]" box="[199,471,1453,1478]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3BC61A1EE72880FE8B24B2" bold="true" box="[199,344,1453,1478]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Early stages</emphasis>
|
||
: unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C3BC61A1EE728FCFB75277A" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3BC61A1EE728FCFA59249E" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,1697]" box="[199,1418,1489,1514]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3BC61A1EE728FCFE8A249E" bold="true" box="[199,345,1489,1514]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
: only known from Montagne d’Ambre, in the vicinity of Les Roussettes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C3BC61A1AB428FCFB34249E" box="[1172,1255,1489,1514]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="92.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[325,1224,254,1731]" captionTargetId="figure@92.[316,1247,230,1746]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURE 30. Distribution maps. A. Purple: Heteropsis vanewrighti Lees, sp. nov. Green: Ht. pauliani Lees, sp. nov. Yellow: Ht. mimetica Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. Light blue: Ht. hazovola Lees & Raharitsimba, sp. nov. Turquoise: Ht. imerina Lees, sp. nov. [northern populations overlapping with Ht. vanewrighti and Ht. pauliani are not shown]. Pink: Ht. westwoodi Lees, sp. nov. B. Red: Ht. avaratra Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. Light blue: Ht. kremenae Lees, sp. nov. Fawn: Ht. vertigo Lees & Raharitsimba, sp. nov. C. Ochre: Ht. roussettae Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. Slate-blue: Ht. menamenoides Lees, sp. nov. Olive: Ht. lanyvary Lees, sp. nov. Dark green: Ht. borgo Lees, sp. nov. Light green: Ht. barbarae Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. Brown: Ht. oberthueri Lees, sp. nov. Dark pink: Ht. tianae Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. D. Mid green: Ht. sogai Lees, sp. nov. Dark brown: Ht. tornado Lees, Allaoui & Aduse-Poku, sp. nov. Lilac: Ht. harveyi Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. Light brown: centraleastern populations of Ht. harveyi complex. Scale bar: 500 km." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264627/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
|
||
C. ochre dots).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3BC61A1EE728D8FB75277A" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,1697]" box="[199,1190,1525,1550]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3BC61A1EE728D8FE4A277A" bold="true" box="[199,409,1525,1550]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Elevational range</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C3BC61A1F8828D8FDE42779" box="[424,567,1525,1550]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0285" metricValueMax="1.185" metricValueMin="0.872" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="m" value="1028.5" valueMax="1185.0" valueMin="872.0">872–1185 m</quantity>
|
||
. (n=16 including referred specimens and observations).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C3BC61A1EE72B31FAD227D5" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C3BC61A1EE72B31FAD227D5" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,1697]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C3BC61A1EE72B31FE6A2741" bold="true" box="[199,441,1564,1589]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Referred specimens.</emphasis>
|
||
♂, N, Parc National Montagne d'Ambre [Petit Lac road], [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C3BC61A1A662B31FB6E2741" box="[1094,1213,1561,1589]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" precision="5" value="-12.5203">12.5203o S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C3BC61A1AE92B30FAEE2740" box="[1225,1341,1561,1589]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" precision="5" value="49.1792">49.1792o E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
+/-
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C3BC61A1B4B2B31FF6D272D" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="km" value="0.15">0.15 km</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C3BC61A1EF02B6DFE5A272C" box="[208,393,1600,1625]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.125" metricValueMax="1.175" metricValueMin="1.075" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="m" value="1125.0" valueMax="1175.0" valueMin="1075.0">1125 +/- 50 m</quantity>
|
||
],
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C3BC61A1F842B6CFDD9272D" box="[420,522,1601,1625]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" value="2001-03-04">4/3/2001</date>
|
||
, R. Harin'Hala;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C3BC61A1CF52B6CFCC2272D" box="[725,785,1601,1625]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13952" name="Royal Medical Society of London" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">MSL</collectionCode>
|
||
024: BO8 [genomic
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C3BC61A1A2A2B6CFB9E272D" box="[1034,1101,1601,1625]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">DNA</collectionCode>
|
||
];
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C3BC61A1A472B6CFB6D272D" box="[1127,1214,1601,1625]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
(E) #672502; 1137 [=
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C3BC61A1E8D2B48FF052709" box="[173,214,1637,1661]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">DL</collectionCode>
|
||
1137;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C3BC61A1F3C2B48FE8A2709" box="[284,345,1637,1661]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">DNA</collectionCode>
|
||
extract number, not amplified]; ♂, data as above but:
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C3BC61A1DE92B49FBA32708" box="[969,1136,1636,1661]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.125" metricValueMax="1.175" metricValueMin="1.075" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="m" value="1125.0" valueMax="1175.0" valueMin="1075.0">1125 +/- 50 m</quantity>
|
||
],
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C3BC61A1AA52B48FB3F2709" box="[1157,1260,1637,1661]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" value="2001-03-04">4/3/2001</date>
|
||
, R. Harin'Hala;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C3BC61A1EB72BA4FF0027D5" box="[151,211,1673,1697]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13952" name="Royal Medical Society of London" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">MSL</collectionCode>
|
||
024: CO8 [genomic
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C3BC61A1F962BA4FE2A27D5" box="[438,505,1673,1697]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">DNA</collectionCode>
|
||
];
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C3BC61A1C2B2BA4FDB127D5" box="[523,610,1673,1697]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
(E) #672503; 1138 [=
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C3BC61A1D6F2BA4FCAB27D5" box="[847,888,1673,1697]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">DL</collectionCode>
|
||
1138;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C3BC61A1D9C2BA4FC2A27D5" box="[956,1017,1673,1697]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">DNA</collectionCode>
|
||
extract, not amplified].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |