132 lines
15 KiB
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132 lines
15 KiB
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<document id="DF17B82D0C654CE2BC0BCDDC61923A79" ID-CLB-Dataset="7374" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4952.1.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="364a2818-9890-4a57-91cd-d5dcf0f36c6f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4671806" ID-ZooBank="5C640B7A-AA7A-435B-93C7-F9AC61A71A9B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1617873621293" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Michelsen, Verner" docDate="2021" docId="039F879D0263FFC457B3FDEFFB14707A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4952.1.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4952 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Limnophora Habitat" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="126" masterDocId="FFA6FFE5027AFFDD5724FF85FFD17577" masterDocTitle="Macaronesian Muscidae (Diptera). II. The genus Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy with description of a new Canarian endemic species" masterLastPageNumber="127" masterPageNumber="101" pageNumber="126" updateTime="1698936208298" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="14D313285BC6383888EBD97B9B123394">
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<mods:title id="D78029344449E0F7D2E23F12FEA91FDC">Macaronesian Muscidae (Diptera). II. The genus Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy with description of a new Canarian endemic species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="254BD3F7D1169AD4144C86955EFEE4DF" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="D6C01A5F17D788B877E43C1690FD3F3E">Michelsen, Verner</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F248AAC88FE35DF92EDE188F4BF44C9C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="92B3150A30B3B61E6C75892DE8949221">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E69E1782026FF4BD725B0EBD62A2F5ED">
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<mods:date id="767363DC2F6D5D915773AF2B6E016631">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="63678FE52C4CD076FD453F0D3EB471E0">2021-04-08</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E1CE8FFDF2A344F27351D770100999C0">4952</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="CE2F19DDD4C8ED7BDA68C046B6CA90A6" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="6030FB8C3D40A68F228E747FE9EBA7E3">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="DBBE9D1AB2AA9265EFE69BE0309E543D">101</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="3BC7480E9515F4D439EB4F31372F67DB" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4952.1.6</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039F879D0263FFC457B3FDEFFB14707A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4685443" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181003785" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4685443" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F879D0263FFC457B3FDEFFB14707A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039F879D0263FFC457B3FDEFFB14707A" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">
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<subSubSection id="C32C65000263FFC457B3FDEFFCA977F2" box="[151,888,618,645]" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B89368B0263FFC457B3FDEFFCA977F2" blockId="25.[151,1437,618,1293]" box="[151,888,618,645]" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">
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<heading id="D0C181E70263FFC457B3FDEFFCA977F2" bold="true" box="[151,888,618,645]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B942EA990263FFC457B3FDEFFCA977F2" bold="true" box="[151,888,618,645]" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">
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Macaronesian
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<taxonomicName id="4C364D080263FFC45663FDEFFD9577F3" ID-CoL="62YKV" ID-ENA="307207" authority=": Habitat" authorityName="Habitat" box="[327,580,618,645]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Limnophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B942EA990263FFC45663FDEFFE0977F2" bold="true" box="[327,472,618,645]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">Limnophora</emphasis>
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: Habitat
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</taxonomicName>
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requirements and threats
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32C65000263FFC457E3FD0AFB14707A" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B89368B0263FFC457E3FD0AFEE776D2" blockId="25.[151,1437,618,1293]" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">
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Most species of Macaronesian
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<taxonomicName id="4C364D080263FFC45539FD0AFD7677DE" box="[541,679,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Limnophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B942EA990263FFC45539FD0AFD7677DE" box="[541,679,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">Limnophora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have aquatic larvae and most of them may be strongly dependent on habitats of streaming water for larval development. Own field observations in the western Canary Islands suggest that the following species are wholly dependent on the availability of unpolluted lotic waters for larval development:
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<emphasis id="B942EA990263FFC457FAFD7EFCEF7662" box="[222,830,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">
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<taxonomicName id="4C364D080263FFC457FAFD7EFE807662" baseAuthorityName="Stein" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[222,337,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Limnophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beckeri">L. beckeri</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C364D080263FFC45678FD7EFE247662" baseAuthorityName="Stein" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[348,501,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Limnophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata">L. bipunctata</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C364D080263FFC45524FD7EFD407662" box="[512,657,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Limnophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavitarsis">L. flavitarsis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C364D080263FFC455B8FD7EFCEF7662" baseAuthorityName="Stein" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[668,830,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Limnophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidithorax">L. nitidithorax</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C364D080263FFC45450FD7EFC307663" baseAuthorityName="Fallen" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[884,993,763,788]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Limnophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="riparia">
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<emphasis id="B942EA990263FFC45450FD7EFC307663" box="[884,993,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">L. riparia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Bodies of stagnant water such as open tanks for water storage may be accepted by some species, e.g.
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<taxonomicName id="4C364D080263FFC45462FC9AFC36764E" authorityName="Michelsen" authorityYear="2021" box="[838,999,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Limnophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obsignatula">
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<emphasis id="B942EA990263FFC45462FC9AFC36764E" box="[838,999,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">L. obsignatula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C364D080263FFC4533FFC9AFB4E764E" authorityName="Emden" authorityYear="1958" box="[1051,1183,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Limnophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paneliusi">
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<emphasis id="B942EA990263FFC4533FFC9AFB4E764E" box="[1051,1183,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">L. paneliusi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. In La Gomera I found
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<taxonomicName id="4C364D080263FFC457B3FCC6FEC8762B" baseAuthorityName="Loew" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[151,281,835,860]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Limnophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quaterna">
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<emphasis id="B942EA990263FFC457B3FCC6FEC8762B" box="[151,281,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">L. quaterna</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in large numbers in an old orchard where larval development probably took place in heaps of rotten fruit and vegetables. Habitat requirements are unknown for the Afrotropical and Oriental
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<taxonomicName id="4C364D080263FFC45378FCE2FB1676F7" baseAuthorityName="Wiedemann" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[1116,1223,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Limnophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exigua">
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<emphasis id="B942EA990263FFC45378FCE2FB1676F7" box="[1116,1223,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">L. exigua</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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found in the
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<collectingCountry id="F321761B0263FFC45247FCE2FF0976D2" name="Cape Verde" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
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Islands.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B89368B0263FFC457E3FC2AFB14707A" blockId="25.[151,1437,618,1293]" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">
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As documented by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B7A0263FFC456B8FC2AFD7476BE" author="Malmqvist, B. & Nilsson, A. N. & Baez, M." box="[412,677,942,969]" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref18107" refString="Malmqvist, B., Nilsson, A. N. & Baez, M. (1995) Tenerife's freshwater macroinvertebrates: status and threats (Canary Islands, Spain). Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 5, 1 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / aqc. 3270050103" type="journal article" year="1995">
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Malmqvist
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<emphasis id="B942EA990263FFC45538FC2AFD8276BE" box="[540,595,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">et al.</emphasis>
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(1995)
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B7A0263FFC45594FC2AFC4576BE" author="Nilsson, A. N. & Malmqvist, B. & Baez, M. & Blackburn, J. H. & Armitage, P. D." box="[688,916,943,969]" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" pagination="413 - 435" refId="ref18224" refString="Nilsson, A. N., Malmqvist, B., Baez, M., Blackburn, J. H. & Armitage, P. D. (1998) Stream insects and gastropods in the island of Gran Canaria (Spain). Annales de Limnologie, 34 (4), 413 - 435. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / limn / 1998033" type="journal article" year="1998">
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Nilsson
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<emphasis id="B942EA990263FFC4542FFC2AFC9376BE" box="[779,834,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">et al.</emphasis>
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(1998)
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B7A0263FFC454BBFC2AFB6076BE" author="Crosskey, R. W. & Baez, M." box="[927,1201,943,969]" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" pagination="2085 - 2117" refId="ref17558" refString="Crosskey, R. W. & Baez, M. (2004) A synopsis of the present knowledge of the Simuliidae (Diptera) of the Canary Islands, including keys to the larval and pupal stages. Journal of Natural History, 38, 2085 - 2117. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293032000140958" type="journal article" year="2004">Crosskey & Báez (2004)</bibRefCitation>
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and others, the many permanent natural streams that earlier characterized the western Canarian islands of Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera and La Palma have diminished radically, because most fresh water is now captured by damming high in the mountains and conveyed down in closed pipes in order to satisfy the needs of agriculture, urbanization and tourism. The magnitude of eradication of natural water courses in the islands is evident from
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B7A0263FFC45310FBBAFAF1712D" author="Luderitz, V. & Arevalo, J. R. & Fernandez-Palacios, J. M. & Fernandez-Lugo, S. & Eller, K. & Langheinrich, U." box="[1076,1312,1087,1114]" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" pagination="45 - 54" refId="ref18002" refString="Luderitz, V., Arevalo, J. R., Fernandez-Palacios, J. M., Fernandez-Lugo, S., Eller, K. & Langheinrich, U. (2016) Freshwater endemic species and the ecological status of streams in the Canary Islands. Journal of Mediterranean Ecology, 14, 45 - 54." type="journal article" year="2016">
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Lüderitz
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<emphasis id="B942EA990263FFC453BDFBBAFB1E712E" box="[1177,1231,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">et al.</emphasis>
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(2016)
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</bibRefCitation>
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who stated that the number of permanent streams in Gran Canaria has decreased from
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<quantity id="4CCE9B6E0263FFC454F4FBE7FBC7710A" box="[976,1046,1122,1149]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.239" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" unit="in" value="285.0">285 in</quantity>
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1933 to
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<quantity id="4CCE9B6E0263FFC45351FBE6FB7D710A" box="[1141,1196,1123,1149]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" unit="in" value="20.0">20 in</quantity>
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1973, and they found only two(!) moderately intact streams in 2009. A similar detour in undisturbed streams may as well have taken place in Tenerife, La Gomera and La Palma. As a consequence the invertebrate limnofauna of the
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<collectingRegion id="49F2F8690263FFC453B4FB2EFAE771B2" box="[1168,1334,1195,1221]" country="Spain" name="Canarias" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">Canary Islands</collectingRegion>
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is highly endangered. In respect to
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<taxonomicName id="4C364D080263FFC45698FB4AFD97719E" box="[444,582,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Limnophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B942EA990263FFC45698FB4AFD97719E" box="[444,582,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">Limnophora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, several species may face local or global extinction in a foreseeable future, unless targeted precautions are taken to protect and restore what is left of the perennial streams.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |