209 lines
22 KiB
XML
209 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="4EC69F6936450DEBD8E70A6AB8582A0F">Morphological characters of immature stages of Palaearctic species of Cleopomiarus and Miarus and their systematic value in Mecinini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C9F508E4398CEDDD04E4C5F07DB7C8BE">Skuhrovec, Jiri</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4F23F9F20A510FE9124DD659F706569F">Gosik, Rafal</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CA4F76F449B4A7B487E5DFB0452CC563">Caldara, Roberto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="87919A1969154C834E622E80C193A0C7">Tosevski, Ivo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9030936EDDBCB4A185286706826ADE1D">Letowski, Jacek</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9CC019EC7185C9BC3C05B561CBF594C7">Szwaj, Ewelina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="1C39CD923089964991E7FEC8EED31FC0">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F9CBB2AF535DD83351C07B78E0B6D3FC">
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<mods:date id="C8E6B19ADFDD2B841C729382882F6901">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="0532B9B608CB607E7944FF49B2FB93C9" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="D0110A7073C88BE7B89C93B913492817">808</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="BEFD75C5FD10C289A5E0AC468639B0EB">23</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="C3554134219AE671597D4905E43EE267">92</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="B26D151E7DDA43B51CFCECFA4BB77A7C">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.808.28172</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="1CFBC033236195F6FC63803A5B0C2D1C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="9F37C9F20B6CD19F7F879A6CFB888C41" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.808.28172</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="32D645E17679D1EBF751AEC2771379A4" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-808-23</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="76F2F51C27381B28A2E304A012388FB0" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154125303" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:76F2F51C27381B28A2E304A012388FB0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/76F2F51C27381B28A2E304A012388FB0" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="35" pageNumber="58">
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<subSubSection id="2EA51DF7A747AC9D56C99F84DB2DCE8E" pageId="35" pageNumber="58" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D167B91DB0C44D02209E189F34BE4D0F" pageId="35" pageNumber="58">
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<taxonomicName id="6FDABC29935C094363B744F1C07C87B7" ID-CoL="42LJ7" authority="Linnaeus, 1767" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Miarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Miarus campanulae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="campanulae">
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<pageBreakToken id="8938B681D419F2782BF0C258030ABDAD" pageId="35" pageNumber="58" start="start">Miarus</pageBreakToken>
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campanulae (Linnaeus, 1767)
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</taxonomicName>
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Figures 71, 72, 73-74, 75-76, 77, 78-80
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D16E657021404DFD24B785A79B483097" pageId="36" pageNumber="59" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="34CF440720A8F383B05C443B77A4F6D8" pageId="36" pageNumber="59">
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<pageBreakToken id="6F3BFBD3ECB845F55A8D37A98FB8DB57" pageId="36" pageNumber="59" start="start">Material</pageBreakToken>
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examined.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="39A02A62B3DC82E5D39A0F09F73FDB44" pageId="36" pageNumber="59">
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9 L3 larvae: 30.07.1939, ex
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<taxonomicName id="29210FF25D9EB00D04572F68F95F87FE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Campanula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Campanula" order="Asterales" pageId="36" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Campanula</taxonomicName>
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, Store Dyrehave, Denmark, leg. J.P. Kryger, collected in association with adults, det. Van Emden, coll. British Museum of Natural History (London).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B6929D268211B763E7FACAB9D9C85180" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="37" pageNumber="60" type="description">
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<paragraph id="0F6646E804235D6D9EED9AEBAAF41047" pageId="37" pageNumber="60">
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<pageBreakToken id="F965712187A8C878D225772A8202B17E" pageId="37" pageNumber="60" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8723475406AB2FD91C49F34D813F14B7" pageId="37" pageNumber="60">
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Measurements (in mm). Body length: 3.80-5.96 (mean 5.20). Body width (metathorax or abdominal segments
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<normalizedToken id="E848FB6362CC27D8136D0D1F56239A7D" originalValue="I–II">I-II</normalizedToken>
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) up to 1.61. Head width: 0.58-0.64 (mean 0.61).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B23E4F630C843243ADF80AC23AED6AA0" pageId="37" pageNumber="60">General. Body slender, C-curved, rounded in cross section (Fig. 71).</paragraph>
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<caption id="49D5F66A509ABCFAF41A99DC677E253C" pageId="37" pageNumber="60">
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<paragraph id="B1FA59B7BD535C4FB9AB01B6DA82A7F0" pageId="37" pageNumber="60">
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Figure 71.
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<taxonomicName id="990E78D6583BF27F89F6C39ECB455463" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Miarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Miarus campanulae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="campanulae">Miarus campanulae</taxonomicName>
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mature larva habitus.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="AE2CA70D6D9161D40023FED8E1D99445" pageId="37" pageNumber="60">Colouration. Brown to dark brown head (Fig. 71). All thoracic and abdominal segments yellowish with distinct asperation (Fig. 71).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="ECDDF5487C3FC58C9DBC67C4DE8F2A8C" pageId="37" pageNumber="60">Vestiture. Setae on body thin, slightly from dark orange to brown, distinctly different in length (minute to very short or long to very long) distinct asperate.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="30327760D387942CC6DEEDEFECAEA371" pageId="37" pageNumber="60">Head capsule (Fig. 72). Head almost round, very slightly flattened laterally. Frontal sutures narrow and loosened, but distinct. One stemma (st), in the form of a large pigmented spot. Des1-3 and des5 long; des4 absent (Fig. 72). Fs1 long; fs2 and fs3 absent; fs4 and fs5 long (Fig. 72). Les1 and les2 as long as des5; both ves short. Epicranial area with two pes.</paragraph>
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<caption id="C8D4B774005B9B5BA6E2A2DE3472F8FB" pageId="37" pageNumber="60">
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<paragraph id="D21242588993B3B809BCD0A6C9E8A8CA" pageId="37" pageNumber="60">
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Figure 72.
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<taxonomicName id="CAE9763855AD3E5075DC2606872BBB97" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Miarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Miarus campanulae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="campanulae">Miarus campanulae</taxonomicName>
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mature larva head, frontal view. Abbreviations: des - dorsal epicranial s., fs - frontal epicranial s., les - lateral epicranial s., pes - postepicranial s., ves - ventral s., at - antenna, st - stemmata.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="67CD5FEAF60C045F9ED9F2B770B53C61" pageId="38" pageNumber="61">
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<pageBreakToken id="7AEB02229947189E0814CA00959CA94F" pageId="38" pageNumber="61" start="start">Antennae</pageBreakToken>
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bearing one very long conical sensorium, and basal membranous article with four sensilla different in length, three behind conical sensorium, and one ahead of it (Fig. 73).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="A18F7B321F101B029677A78B3FBF69E2" pageId="38" pageNumber="61">
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<paragraph id="0137E7B49E7F924E1D9E02003A3CBB5C" pageId="38" pageNumber="61">
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Figures 73-74.
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<taxonomicName id="3CCBFE723C6D111F714D2169F9B025CA" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Miarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Miarus campanulae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="campanulae">Miarus campanulae</taxonomicName>
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mature larva. 73 Antenna 74 Right mandible. Abbreviation: mds - mandible dorsal s.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="97D3B14A3412A10E49C00A34CDEA7BFE" pageId="38" pageNumber="61">Clypeus (Fig. 75) approximately 2.5-3 times as wide as long with two short to very short cls, localized posterolaterally, cls1 slightly longer than cls2, and one sensillum between them; anterior margin sinuate.</paragraph>
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<caption id="FF04A63E7C24157DE1A2C11EA6F056DA" pageId="38" pageNumber="61">
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<paragraph id="3BF3F0F29298F524A6E397B4F3DDD88A" pageId="38" pageNumber="61">
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Figures 75-76.
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<taxonomicName id="897D8E160E660B30FB2C5043DB5945A2" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Miarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Miarus campanulae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="campanulae">Miarus campanulae</taxonomicName>
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mature larva, mouthparts. 75 Labrum and clypeus 76 Epipharynx. Abbreviations: als - anteriolateral s., ams - anteromedial s., cls - clypeal s., lms - labral s., mes - median s., clss - clypeal sensillum, lr - labral rods.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="706F6AB296230CC713CC648FEE4915F4" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="38" pageNumber="61">
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Mouthparts. Labrum (Fig. 75) less than two times as wide as long, with three piliform lms, different in the length; lms1 located medially, lms2 located anteromedially, and lms3 located anterolaterally; lms1 long, lms2 medium size, and lms3 distinctly shorter than the previous two; no one distinctly reaches labral margin. Epipharynx (Fig. 76) with three long finger-like als, all of identical in length; with two ams in different length, ams1 piliform of medium size, and finger-like short ams2; without mes; labral rods (lr) indistinct, slightly elongated, oval. Mandibles (Fig. 74) bifid; bearing with two setae of medium to long size, piliform, both located apically. Maxilla (Fig. 77) stipes with very long stps and pfs1, long pfs2, very short to minute mbs, and one sensillum close to mbs; mala with six finger-like dms, different in lengths: first very long (as long as pfs1), next medium size; five vms, different in length, two setae medium size, and three setae very short. Maxillary palpi: basal palpomere with one short mxps and two sensilla; distal palpomere with short, cuticular apical processes; length ratio of basal and distal palpomeres 1:0.9. Prelabium (Fig. 77) with one short prms; ligula with two very short to minute ligs; premental sclerite narrow, ring-shaped. Labial palpi with two palpomeres; length ratio of basal and distal palpomeres 1:0.8; each of the palpomeres with one sensillum, distal palpomere with short, cuticular apical processes. Postlabium
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<pageBreakToken id="50AEE74697232483B725419B38DA7D37" pageId="39" pageNumber="62" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
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Fig. 77) with short pms1 located basally, long pms2 located medially and short pms3 located apically; membranous area without any asperities.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="177F9A3A0B41B7DD20501C6AB4D63E22" pageId="39" pageNumber="62">
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<paragraph id="55431E63BAD3DDA5E71158BAE75A424B" pageId="39" pageNumber="62">
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Figure 77.
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<taxonomicName id="D84CFB9FE1FEF749E5F18BE6B6413E5B" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Miarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Miarus campanulae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="campanulae">Miarus campanulae</taxonomicName>
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larval mouthparts, maxillolabial complex, ventral view right maxilla. Abbreviations: dms - dorsal malar s., vms - ventral malar s., mpxs - maxillary palps s., mbs - basioventral s., pfs - palpiferal s., stps - stipital s., prms - premental s., pms - postmental s., ligs - ligular s.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="6F33E8AAE1E71CB115FC82C2BB355D19" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="39" pageNumber="62">
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Thorax. Prothorax (Fig. 78) with nine very long and one very short to minute prns, small pigmented dorsal sclerite present with seven long prns, this sclerite subdivided in two triangular plates medially; two very long to long ps; and one medium eus. Meso- and metathorax (Fig. 78) with one medium prs, three very long pds; one very long
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<pageBreakToken id="9EC94F96D6BAE1C0476470BE5D5C6F5B" pageId="40" pageNumber="63" start="start">as</pageBreakToken>
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; two very long and one very short to minute ss; one long eps; one long ps; and one medium to long eus. Each pedal area of the thoracic segments with 5-6 very long pda.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="1B4175A6ED811D0170DBE64A4A78EF14" pageId="40" pageNumber="63">
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<paragraph id="DD4B5DFE872D9686CC262F348ECBA315" pageId="40" pageNumber="63">
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Figures 78-80.
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<taxonomicName id="FCB0EE8BF50AF06160E9108DA73676E6" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Miarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Miarus campanulae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="campanulae">Miarus campanulae</taxonomicName>
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mature larva, habitus. 78 Lateral view of thoracic segments 79 Lateral view of abdominal segment I 80 Lateral view of abdominal segments
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<normalizedToken id="D5B432169D73B9682AA2A5628FC76AE7" originalValue="VI–X">VI-X</normalizedToken>
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. Abbreviations: as - alar s., ds - dorsal s., eps - epipleural s., eus - eusternal s., lsts - laterosternal s., pda - pedal s., pds - postdorsal s., prns - pronotal s., prs - prodorsal s., ss - spiracular s., ps - pleural s., sts - sternal s., ts - terminal s., Th1-3 - number of thoracic segments, Ab1-10 - number of abdominal seg.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="F86E0E1E593C24837B5369A72FCC538D" pageId="40" pageNumber="63">
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Abdomen. Abdominal segments
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<normalizedToken id="D1A9A50C6F30C4B0BB5A30885F79551B" originalValue="I–VII">I-VII</normalizedToken>
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(Figs 79-80) with one medium to long prs; two medium to short and one very long to long pds (order: medium/short, very long, medium); one very long and one minute ss; two long eps; one medium to short ps; one medium to short lsts; and one medium to short and one very short to minute eus. Abdominal segment VIII (Fig. 80) with one very short prs; two short and one long to relatively long pds (order: short, long, short); one long and one minute ss; two very long eps; one medium to short ps; one medium to short lsts; and one medium to short and one very short to minute eus. Abdominal segment IX (Fig. 80) with two relatively long and two short to very short ds; two relatively long and sometimes one minute ps; and one relatively long to short and one short to very short sts. Abdominal segment X (Fig. 80) with one very short seta (ts).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="452C5D26E4688BF1E0A27B5A0177E1C8" pageId="40" pageNumber="63" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="EC2AC97C3CE0503B28C64A74A46FD15C" pageId="40" pageNumber="63">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="39A4956E1CE3E09187F7F27733A6CF97" pageId="40" pageNumber="63">
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Larvae live and pupate in the capsules of several species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="01CB8CAE7A8A7F95D5A3C72B840120B9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Campanula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Campanula" order="Asterales" pageId="40" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Campanula</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48D34E4AB2F45D7584E87688786C6F22" lsidName="C. cochleariifolia" pageId="40" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="cochleariifolia">C. cochleariifolia</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lam.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D25D01D93D41535D2DDB95C64129475F" lsidName="C. patula" pageId="40" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="patula">C. patula</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49452B39EB0223ACB35F243DDA26C983" lsidName="C. persicifolia" pageId="40" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="persicifolia">C. persicifolia</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80D82F0E676F6322EF6C3948A354406F" lsidName="C. rapunculoides" pageId="40" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="rapunculoides">C. rapunculoides</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="141847069F78E337CE43FD2CC04B0005" lsidName="C. rapunculus" pageId="40" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="rapunculus">C. rapunculus</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2079051658699AAE2A3843AD4DF853B" lsidName="C. rotundifolia" pageId="40" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="rotundifolia">C. rotundifolia</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5C2EC11BA5805475C51464E754A05D9" lsidName="C. scheuchzeri" pageId="40" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="scheuchzeri">C. scheuchzeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
Vill.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="316FA0B5C1EEEEDBD7F501D730E42EEC" lsidName="C. trachelium" pageId="40" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="trachelium">C. trachelium</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92FEEB52AB8FA562BF4F19415E7410F6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Phyteuma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phyteuma spicata" order="Asterales" pageId="40" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spicata">Phyteuma spicata</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. where they cause distinct swelling (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9C4EFE813DA146430B4B9E2111878C7" pageId="40" pageNumber="63">Hoffmann 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5978C4FD22BF6187E0FC37720FCA5D65" author="Buhr, H" journalOrPublisher="Gustav Fischer, Jena" pageId="54" pageNumber="77" title="Bestimmungstabellen der Gallen (Zoo- und Phytocecidien) an Pflanzen Mittel- und Nordeuropas. Band I." year="1964">Buhr 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1E5AA8BFC3F38D4644F1C9868EE965D1" pageId="40" pageNumber="63" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="73E3B7A1A7F6538BA4EF5B53DCB7340E" pageId="40" pageNumber="63">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FFC90FDCD891903AD26626DFA2136465" pageId="40" pageNumber="63">
|
||
This species has a wide European distribution and is very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="51CF8B66C2690D005288E6610A879F36" lsidName="M. ajugae" pageId="40" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="ajugae">M. ajugae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Only the examination of the penis allows easy separation of these two taxa. Therefore, as reported in the Remarks of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="47E0B9498FD3C9A38FFDEB22A706D918" lsidName="C. ajugae" pageId="40" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="ajugae">C. ajugae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the discovery of clearly distinctive characters between the larvae of these two species is extremely important. Moreover, larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="541B1F63B8899B92098FA6B13464B59C" lsidName="M. campanulae" pageId="40" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="campanulae">M. campanulae</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ from the two other species studied mainly by an epipharynx without mes, and des4 and fs3 absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |