293 lines
28 KiB
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293 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.312.5456" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dc7b127f-74d2-4bbb-b62b-29898db76fee" ID-PMC="PMC3698563" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-312-13" ID-PubMed="23825445" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-312-13" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 312" ModsDocTitle="A new species of the genus Arhynchite (Annelida, Echiura) from sandy flats of Japan, previously referred to as Thalassema owstoni Ikeda, 1904" checkinTime="1451247188363" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Tanaka, Masaatsu & Nishikawa, Teruaki" docDate="2013" docId="76F2BC83321DE3B75AD627BE62E48D10" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 312: 13-21" docOrigin="ZooKeys 312" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.312.5456" docTitle="Arhynchite hayaoi Tanaka & Nishikawa, 2013, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="7D35A73D6E6FEF0DFFB5FFB9FFC9FFA8" masterDocTitle="A new species of the genus Arhynchite (Annelida, Echiura) from sandy flats of Japan, previously referred to as Thalassema owstoni Ikeda, 1904" masterLastPageNumber="21" masterPageNumber="13" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1668156035592" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new species of the genus Arhynchite (Annelida, Echiura) from sandy flats of Japan, previously referred to as Thalassema owstoni Ikeda, 1904</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Tanaka, Masaatsu</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nishikawa, Teruaki</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>312</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>13</mods:start>
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<mods:end>21</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.312.5456</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.312.5456</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-312-13</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152045563" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:598901D0-6F77-4F4B-AA50-343FEAD4F9E5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/76F2BC83321DE3B75AD627BE62E48D10" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="15">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:598901D0-6F77-4F4B-AA50-343FEAD4F9E5" class="Polychaeta" family="Thalassematidae" genus="Arhynchite" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arhynchite hayaoi" order="Echiuroidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hayaoi">Arhynchite hayaoi</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="15">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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New Japanese name: Setouchi-dochikuchi-yumushiFigs 1,2
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="15" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="15">
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Thalassematidae" genus="Thalassema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thalassema owstoni" order="Echiuroidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="owstoni">Thalassema owstoni</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation pageId="2" pageNumber="15">: Sato 1934</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation author="Sato, H" journalOrPublisher=", Biology" pageId="8" pageNumber="21" pagination="339 - 460" title="Studies on the Echiuroidea, Sipunculoidea and Priapuloidea of Japan. Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University, 4 th ser." volume="14" year="1939">
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, p. 249, figs 2 and 3;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Satô">Sato</normalizedToken>
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1939
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</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 354.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="15">
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Thalassematidae" genus="Arhynchite" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arhynchite arhynchite" order="Echiuroidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="arhynchite">Arhynchite arhynchite</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation pageId="2" pageNumber="15">: Nishikawa 2001</bibRefCitation>
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, pp. 137-138.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="15" type="specimens examined">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="15">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="15">
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Holotype: NSMT-Ec 100, mature male, TL 25 mm, PL>5 mm (proboscis damaged), Hachi-no-higata sandy flat at the mouth of the Kamogawa River, Hiroshima Pref., Japan (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="34.323666">34°19.42'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="132.898">132°53.88'E</geoCoordinate>
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), May 18, 2011, collected by M. Tanaka and T. Nishikawa. Paratypes: NSMT-Ec 101-105, 3 males + 2 females, TL 28-40 mm, PL 6 mm, collection data as for the holotype. Non-type specimens: TUM Echiurida 2-11, labeled as "
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Thalassematidae" genus="Thalassema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thalassema owstoni" order="Echiuroidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="owstoni">Thalassema owstoni</taxonomicName>
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Ikeda" probably by H. Sato, 8 males + 6 females + 1 specimen of unknown sex, TL 29-73 mm, proboscis absent, Onomichi Bay, Hiroshima Pref., Japan (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="34.4">34°24'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="133.2">133°12'E</geoCoordinate>
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), March 7, 1931, collected by Takashi Gamo; TUM Echiurida 1-5, labeled as "
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Thalassematidae" genus="Thalassema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thalassema owstoni" order="Echiuroidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="owstoni">Thalassema owstoni</taxonomicName>
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Ikeda" and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“kouji”">"kouji"</normalizedToken>
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probably by H. Sato, 2 males + 3 females + 1 of unknown sex, TL 31-62 mm, PL 16-33 mm, Onomichi Bay, Hiroshima Pref., Japan (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="34.4">34°24'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="133.2">133°12'E</geoCoordinate>
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), March 7, 1931, by Takashi Gamo; NSMT-Ec 106, 1 of unknown sex, TL 28 mm, proboscis absent, intertidal sandy flat at the mouth of the Kamogawa River, Hiroshima Pref., Japan (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="34.323666">34°19.42'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="132.898">132°53.88'E</geoCoordinate>
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), July 8, 2006, by Masanori Sato; NSMT-Ec 107, 1 of unknown sex, TL 33 mm, proboscis absent, intertidal sandy to muddy flat on Ikarise Islet, located in a channel of Lake Hamana, Shizuoka Pref., Japan (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="34.684666">34°41.08'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="137.59967">137°35.98'E</geoCoordinate>
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), April 19, 2003, by Shoichi Kimura; UMUTZ-Ecur-2, 1 of unknown sex, TL 55 mm, proboscis absent, above low-water mark, Tomono-ura, Hiroshima Pref., Japan (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="34.366665">34°22'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="133.38333">133°23'E</geoCoordinate>
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), July 1882, by I. Ikeda, reported as
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Thalassematidae" genus="Arhynchite" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arhynchite arhynchite" order="Echiuroidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="arhynchite">Arhynchite arhynchite</taxonomicName>
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(Ikeda) by
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<bibRefCitation pageId="2" pageNumber="15">Nishikawa (2001)</bibRefCitation>
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; UMUTZ-Ecur-10, 1 of unknown sex, TL 38 mm, proboscis absent, Misaki, Sagami Bay, Kanagawa Pref., Japan (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="35.15">35°09'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="139.6">139°36'E</geoCoordinate>
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), collection data unknown, reported as
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Thalassematidae" genus="Arhynchite" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arhynchite arhynchite" order="Echiuroidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="arhynchite">Arhynchite arhynchite</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation pageId="2" pageNumber="15">Nishikawa (2001)</bibRefCitation>
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. Specimens for comparison:
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Thalassematidae" genus="Arhynchite" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arhynchite arhynchite" order="Echiuroidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="arhynchite">Arhynchite arhynchite</taxonomicName>
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; LTTU-Y009, 1 female + 3 of unknown sex, TL 42-74 mm, off Abashiri, Hokkaido, Japan, 7-12 m depth, September 17, 2001, collected by Yasuhiro Kuwahara.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="15" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="15">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="15">Trunk up to 80 mm long in preserved specimens. Leaf-like gonostomal lips with smooth margins. Neurointestinal vessel unbifurcated. Ring vessel absent. Rectal caecum absent. Anal vesicles fastened basally to the trunk wall by mesenteries.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="15" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="15">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="15">In life, trunk colored pinkish yellow and proboscis pale yellow (Fig. 1). Coloration fading to pale white or beige after fixation with formalin.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="15">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="15">
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Figure 1.
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Thalassematidae" genus="Arhynchite" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arhynchite hayaoi" order="Echiuroidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hayaoi">Arhynchite hayaoi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., found at the type locality, with the proboscis extending toward the right.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">
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In preserved specimens, TL ranging from 25 to 73 mm (n = 28) and PL ranging from 6 to 33 mm (n = 8). Proboscis, often detached from trunk, elongated and slight
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="16" start="start">ly</pageBreakToken>
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expanded at its extremity, with its proximal end forming small lower cup around mouth. Trunk wall thickened and covered with numerous distinct papillae, especially prominent (up to 1 mm) at both extremities. Trunk musculature consisting of outermost circular, middle longitudinal, and innermost oblique layers, all of which continuous throughout.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="16">Paired ventral setae of usual form, with strong interbasal muscle (Fig. 2A), but only very rarely single seta without interbasal muscle in 2 of 6 non-type specimens in TUM Echiurida 1-5.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="16">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="16">
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Figure 2.
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Thalassematidae" genus="Arhynchite" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arhynchite hayaoi" order="Echiuroidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hayaoi">Arhynchite hayaoi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., paratype (NSMT-Ec 104). A internal morphology of the anterior end of the trunk, dorsal view; an asterisk indicates the position of the gonostome B gonostome and gonostomal lip, magnified C internal morphology of the posterior end of the trunk, dorsal view. Abbreviations: ac alimentary canal; av anal vesicle; cg ciliated groove; cr crop; dv dorsal vessel; e esophagus; g gonoduct; gl gonostomal lip; gs gonostome; gz gizzard; im interbasal muscle; nv neurointestinal vessel; ph pharynx; pp papillae; vn ventral nerve cord; vss ventral setal sac; vv ventral vessel. Scales: A and C 5 mm; B 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="16">Paired gonoducts situated slightly behind ventral setae (Fig. 2A). Gonostomes situated proximally, each with leaf-like gonostomal lip with smooth margin (Fig. 2B); lip plicated marginally, probably due to fixation in many non-type specimens (TUM Echiurida 1-5, 2-11).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="16">Long and convoluted alimentary canal, filled with sand grains and elliptical fecal pellets, ca 2 mm in long axis (Fig. 2A, C). Anterior part of alimentary canal, so-called foregut, divided into pharynx, esophagus, gizzard, and crop (Fig. 2A). Intestine following foregut fastened to trunk wall with numerous thread-like mesenteries and divided into pre-siphonal, siphonal, and post-siphonal parts (Fig. 2A, C). Pre- and post-siphonal parts having a ciliated groove; elongated pre-siphonal part about twice as long as TL (Fig. 2A). Rectal caecum absent (Fig. 2C).</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="16">
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Vascular system composed of dorsal, neurointestinal, and ventral vessels, without ring vessel (Fig. 2A). Dorsal vessel attached to entire length of crop (Fig. 2A). Ventral vessel running along almost entire length of ventral nerve cord and terminating at posterior end of post-siphonal intestine near anus (Fig. 2A, C). Neurointestinal vessel, although injured in holotype, issuing from ventral vessel slightly behind gonostomal level and terminating at anterior end of intestine without bifurcation (Fig. 2A). In 6 non-type specimens (5 in TUM Echiurida 2-11 and 1 in TUM Echiurida 1-5), ventral vessel issuing additional branch forward at ventral origin of neurointestinal vessel,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="17" start="start">with</pageBreakToken>
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the branch terminally forming small loop around interbasal muscle. Further, in another non-type specimen of TUM Echiurida 1-5, origin of neurointestinal vessel shifted far forward, crossing interbasal muscle but without additional branches.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="18">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="18" start="start">Paired</pageBreakToken>
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simple anal vesicles, ca one-third of TL in holotype, while rarely attaining TL in other specimens, covered wholly with numerous microscopic ciliated funnels and fastened basally to trunk wall by some mesenteries (Fig. 2C).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="18" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="18">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="18">The specific name is dedicated to the late Dr Hayao Sato who made a significant contribution to the taxonomy of echiurans, sipunculans, and priapulids in Japan and adjacent waters.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="18" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="18">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="18">Hiroshima Pref. (Seto Inland Sea), Ikarise Islet at the entrance of Lake Hamana, and Misaki (Sagami Bay), Japan, intertidal to subtidal, sandy to muddy bottoms.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="18">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="18">
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Table 1 gives a comparison of all known species and the newly described species assigned to the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Thalassematidae" genus="Arhynchite" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arhynchite" order="Echiuroidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Arhynchite</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Thalassematidae" genus="Arhynchite" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arhynchite hayaoi" order="Echiuroidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hayaoi">Arhynchite hayaoi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. is distinguishable from
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Thalassematidae" genus="Arhynchite" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arhynchite arhynchite" order="Echiuroidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="arhynchite">Arhynchite arhynchite</taxonomicName>
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, the only congener recorded to date from Japanese coasts, by the absence of such digitiform projections or irregular serrations along the margin of the gonostomal lips as are present in
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Thalassematidae" genus="Arhynchite" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arhynchite californicus" order="Echiuroidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="californicus">Arhynchite californicus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Thalassematidae" genus="Arhynchite" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arhynchite pugettensis" order="Echiuroidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pugettensis">Arhynchite pugettensis</taxonomicName>
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, respectively (
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<bibRefCitation author="Fisher, WK" journalOrPublisher="Records of the South Australian Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" title="Additions to the echiuroid fauna of the North Pacific Ocean. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 99: 479 - 497. http: // si-pddr. si. edu / jspui / handle / 10088 / 16508," url="10.5479/si.00963801.99-3248.479" year="1949">Fisher 1949</bibRefCitation>
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, pls. 30, 32), and by the complete lack of bifurcation in the neurointestinal vessel.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="18">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="18">
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Table 1. A comparison of all known species referred to the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Thalassematidae" genus="Arhynchite" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arhynchite" order="Echiuroidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Arhynchite</taxonomicName>
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. <br/>
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="18">
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<table pageId="5" pageNumber="18">
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<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="18">
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<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" rowspan="1">Species</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" rowspan="1">Rectal caecum</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" rowspan="1">Ring vessel</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" rowspan="1">Bifurcation of neurointestinal vessel</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" rowspan="1">Margin of gonostomal lip</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" rowspan="1">Mesenteries mainly fastened to</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" rowspan="1">Type locality</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" rowspan="1">Sources</th>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="18">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Thalassematidae" genus="Arhynchite" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arhynchite hayaoi" order="Echiuroidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hayaoi">Arhynchite hayaoi</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="18">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Thalassematidae" genus="Arhynchite" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arhynchite arhynchite" order="Echiuroidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="arhynchite">Arhynchite arhynchite</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" rowspan="1">
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<bibRefCitation author="Ikeda, I" journalOrPublisher="Japanese Journal of Zoology" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" pagination="23 - 44" title="Further notes on the gephyrea of Japan, with descriptions of some new species from the Marshall, Caroline and Palau Islands." volume="1" year="1924">Ikeda (1924)</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation author="Sato, H" journalOrPublisher="Saito Ho-on Kai Museum Research Bulletin" pageId="8" pageNumber="21" pagination="137 - 176" title="Echiuroidea, Sipunculoidea and Priapuloidea obtained in Northeast Honshu, Japan." volume="12" year="1937">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Satô">Sato</normalizedToken>
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(1937)
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</bibRefCitation>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="18">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Thalassematidae" genus="Arhynchite" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arhynchite californicus" order="Echiuroidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="californicus">Arhynchite californicus</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" rowspan="1">
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<bibRefCitation author="Fisher, WK" journalOrPublisher="Records of the South Australian Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" title="Additions to the echiuroid fauna of the North Pacific Ocean. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 99: 479 - 497. http: // si-pddr. si. edu / jspui / handle / 10088 / 16508," url="10.5479/si.00963801.99-3248.479" year="1949">Fisher (1949)</bibRefCitation>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="18">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Thalassematidae" genus="Arhynchite" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arhynchite hiscocki" order="Echiuroidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hiscocki">Arhynchite hiscocki</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" rowspan="1">
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<bibRefCitation pageId="5" pageNumber="18">Edmonds (1960</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation author="Edmonds, SJ" journalOrPublisher="Records of the South Australian Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" pagination="119 - 138" title="Echiurans from Australia (Echiura)." volume="32" year="1987">1987)</bibRefCitation>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="18">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Thalassematidae" genus="Arhynchite" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arhynchite inamoenus" order="Echiuroidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="inamoenus">Arhynchite inamoenus</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" rowspan="1">
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<bibRefCitation author="Fisher, WK" journalOrPublisher="Records of the South Australian Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" title="Echiuroid worms of the North Pacific Ocean. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 96: 215 - 292. http: // si-pddr. si. edu / jspui / handle / 10088 / 16451," url="10.5479/si.00963801.96-3198.215" year="1946">Fisher (1946)</bibRefCitation>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="18">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" rowspan="1">
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|
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Thalassematidae" genus="Arhynchite" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arhynchite pugettensis" order="Echiuroidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pugettensis">Arhynchite pugettensis</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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|
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" rowspan="1">
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|
<bibRefCitation author="Fisher, WK" journalOrPublisher="Records of the South Australian Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" title="Additions to the echiuroid fauna of the North Pacific Ocean. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 99: 479 - 497. http: // si-pddr. si. edu / jspui / handle / 10088 / 16508," url="10.5479/si.00963801.99-3248.479" year="1949">Fisher (1949)</bibRefCitation>
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</td>
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</tr>
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|
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="18">
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|
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Thalassematidae" genus="Arhynchite" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arhynchite paulensis" order="Echiuroidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="paulensis">Arhynchite paulensis</taxonomicName>
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</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" rowspan="1">
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|
<bibRefCitation author="Amor, A" journalOrPublisher="Physis" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" pagination="521 - 538" title="Echiura from Brazil." volume="30" year="1971">Amor (1971)</bibRefCitation>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="18">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Thalassematidae" genus="Arhynchite" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arhynchite rugosus" order="Echiuroidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rugosus">Arhynchite rugosus</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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|
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" rowspan="1">
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Chen, Y" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Sinica" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" pagination="265 - 278" title="Notes on some Gephyrea of China with description [sic] of four new species." volume="10" year="1958">Chen and Yeh (1958)</bibRefCitation>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="19">
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<bibRefCitation pageId="6" pageNumber="19">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="19" start="start">Nishikawa</pageBreakToken>
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|
(2001)
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|
</bibRefCitation>
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|
recorded
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|
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Thalassematidae" genus="Arhynchite" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arhynchite arhynchite" order="Echiuroidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="arhynchite">Arhynchite arhynchite</taxonomicName>
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|
from Sagami Bay and the Seto Inland Sea. Our detailed re-examination of these specimens revealed that they are assignable to
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Thalassematidae" genus="Arhynchite" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arhynchite hayaoi" order="Echiuroidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hayaoi">Arhynchite hayaoi</taxonomicName>
|
|
, instead of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Thalassematidae" genus="Arhynchite" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arhynchite arhynchite" order="Echiuroidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="arhynchite">Arhynchite arhynchite</taxonomicName>
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|
. Thus, it is possible that
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Thalassematidae" genus="Arhynchite" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arhynchite hayaoi" order="Echiuroidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hayaoi">Arhynchite hayaoi</taxonomicName>
|
|
is widely distributed in the Seto Inland Sea and the Pacific coasts of Middle Japan, whereas
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Thalassematidae" genus="Arhynchite" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arhynchite arhynchite" order="Echiuroidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="arhynchite">Arhynchite arhynchite</taxonomicName>
|
|
, with its type locality probably originating near Hokkaido (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Ikeda, I" journalOrPublisher="Japanese Journal of Zoology" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" pagination="23 - 44" title="Further notes on the gephyrea of Japan, with descriptions of some new species from the Marshall, Caroline and Palau Islands." volume="1" year="1924">Ikeda 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Sato, H" journalOrPublisher="Saito Ho-on Kai Museum Research Bulletin" pageId="8" pageNumber="21" pagination="137 - 176" title="Echiuroidea, Sipunculoidea and Priapuloidea obtained in Northeast Honshu, Japan." volume="12" year="1937">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Satô">Sato</normalizedToken>
|
|
1937
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), is restricted to cold northern waters.
|
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |