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<mods:title id="DAD5AC67F468F0A79E29C0D5384D3F0E">The genera and species of Comatulidae (Comatulida: Crinoidea): taxonomic revisions and a molecular and morphological guide</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5217B129407FE38069E7D81E801F7DC1">Summers, Mindi M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="33493452BDF7B90F8ADC5D96C0D11E3E">Messing, Charles G.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="039EDF70FFA9A178FF66D85E1140FE71" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6009134" ID-GBIF-Taxon="130809832" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6009134" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039EDF70FFA9A178FF66D85E1140FE71" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039EDF70FFA9A178FF66D85E1140FE71" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="174" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
<subSubSection id="C32D3DEDFFA9A177FF66D85E1143FC76" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B886E66FFA9A177FF66D85E12FAFC57" blockId="23.[151,709,879,939]" box="[151,709,879,906]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
<heading id="D0C0D90AFFA9A177FF66D85E12FAFC57" bold="true" box="[151,709,879,906]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA9A177FF66D85E12FAFC57" ID-CoL="8FVDC" authority="Summers, Messing" authorityName="Summers, Messing" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,709,879,906]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comatulidae" genus="Anneissia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA9A177FF66D85E12FAFC57" bold="true" box="[151,709,879,906]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA9A177FF66D85E1131FC54" bold="true" box="[151,270,879,905]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Anneissia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFA9A177FEE4D84112FAFC57" author="Summers" box="[277,709,880,906]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" refString="Summers, M. M., Messing C. G. &amp; Rouse G. W. (2014 a). Phylogeny of Comatulidae (Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Comatulida). Molecular Phylogenetics &amp; Evolution, 80, 319 - 339." type="journal article" year="2014">Summers, Messing, &amp; Rouse, 2014</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8B886E66FFA9A177FF66D8A31143FC76" blockId="23.[151,709,879,939]" box="[151,380,914,939]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
<tableCitation id="C6B55BDDFFA9A177FF66D8A310D4FC76" box="[151,235,914,939]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[125,197,537,558]" captionText="TABLE 1. Diagnostic morphological characteristics of genera of Comatulidae." pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Table 1</tableCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="130C72E3FFA9A177FF09D8A31143FC76" box="[248,380,914,939]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 10" captionStart-1="FIGURE 11" captionStartId-0="24.[151,250,1406,1428]" captionStartId-1="25.[151,250,1367,1389]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1436,483,1384]" captionTargetBox-1="[196,1393,452,1332]" captionTargetId-0="figure@24.[150,1436,483,1384]" captionTargetId-1="figure@25.[185,1401,447,1340]" captionTargetPageId-0="24" captionTargetPageId-1="25" captionText-0="FIGURE 10. Anneissia. (A – G) Anneissia bennetti— (A – D) live, fully exposed; various color varieties; (E – G) aboral surface showing thick centrodorsal and numerous cirri. (H – I) Anneissia japonica— (H) thick centrodorsal bearing numerous cirri in multiple rows; (I) non-confluent, widely separated comb teeth terminating in a sharp point. Raja Ampat, Indonesia: A, C, D. not vouchered; E. not vouchered (RA 304); G. SIO-BIC E 6290. Madang, Papua New Guinea: B. MNHN-IE- 2013 - 8157; F. not vouchered, SIO-BIC E 6063 (DNA subsample). Japan: H – I. NBC 1742, type." captionText-1="FIGURE 11. Maximum likelihood tree of Anneissia inferred from COI. Symbols, labels and location abbreviations as in Figure 2. New COI sequences are Genbank KR 010352 - KR 010356." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/580183/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/580184/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Figs. 10–11</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32D3DEDFFA9A177FF66D8EB13A1FB5E" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B886E66FFA9A177FF66D8EB12BEFC2E" blockId="23.[151,1437,986,2019]" box="[151,641,986,1011]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA9A177FF66D8EB110DFC2E" bold="true" box="[151,306,986,1011]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Type species.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA9A177FEC8D8EA1243FC2E" authority="Muller, 1841" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1841" box="[313,636,986,1011]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comatulidae" genus="Alecto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bennetti">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA9A177FEC8D8EA11DEFC2E" box="[313,481,987,1011]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Alecto bennetti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFA9A177FE19D8EB1243FC2E" author="Muller" box="[488,636,986,1011]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" refString="Muller, J. (1841) Uber die Gattungen und Arten der Comatulen. Monatsberichte Koniglich Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1841, 179 - 189." type="journal article" year="1841">Müller, 1841</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B886E66FFA9A177FF36D8CF13A1FB5E" blockId="23.[151,1437,986,2019]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA9A177FF36D8CF1237FBCA" bold="true" box="[199,520,1022,1047]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Other included taxa (8).</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA9A177FDEBD8CE142EFBCA" authority="Carpenter, 1882" authorityName="Carpenter" authorityYear="1882" box="[538,1041,1022,1047]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comatulidae" genus="Actinometra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="grandicalyx">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA9A177FDEBD8CE1302FBCB" box="[538,829,1022,1046]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Actinometra grandicalyx</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFA9A177FCBED8CE142EFBCA" author="Carpenter" box="[847,1041,1023,1047]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" refString="Carpenter, P. H. (1882) Description of new or little known Comatulae. I. On the species of Atelecrinus and Eudiocrinus. II. The Comatulae of the Hamburg Museum. Journal of the Linnean Society of London (Zoology), 16, 487 - 526. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1882. tb 02394. x" type="journal article" year="1882">Carpenter, 1882</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA9A177FBD8D8CF15A8FBCA" authority="Muller, 1841" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1841" box="[1065,1431,1022,1047]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comatulidae" genus="Alecto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA9A177FBD8D8CF14DAFBCB" box="[1065,1253,1022,1046]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Alecto japonica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFA9A177FB06D8CF15A8FBCA" author="Muller" box="[1271,1431,1022,1047]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" refString="Muller, J. (1841) Uber die Gattungen und Arten der Comatulen. Monatsberichte Koniglich Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1841, 179 - 189." type="journal article" year="1841">Müller, 1841</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA9A177FF66DF12118AFBE6" box="[151,437,1059,1083]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comantheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="intermedia">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA9A177FF66DF12118AFBE6" box="[151,437,1059,1083]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Comantheria intermedia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
AH
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFA9A177FE0EDF1312A2FBE6" author="Clark" box="[511,669,1058,1083]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" refString="Clark, A. H. (1916 a) Three interesting additions to the crinoid fauna of Sagami Bay and Suruga Gulf, Japan. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 29, 105 - 108." type="journal article" year="1916" yearSuffix="a">Clark, 1916a</bibRefCitation>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA9A177FD43DF121491FBE6" box="[690,1198,1059,1083]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="trichoptera" subGenus="Cenolia" subSpecies="benhami">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA9A177FD43DF121491FBE6" box="[690,1198,1059,1083]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Comanthus (Cenolia) trichoptera benhami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
AH
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFA9A177FB08DF1315A7FBE6" author="Clark" box="[1273,1432,1058,1083]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" refString="Clark, A. H. (1916 b) The first New Zealand crinoid. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 29, 48." type="journal article" year="1916" yearSuffix="b">Clark, 1916b</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA9A177FF66DF77114DFB83" box="[151,370,1094,1118]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pinguis">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA9A177FF66DF77114DFB83" box="[151,370,1094,1118]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Comanthus pinguis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
AH
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFA9A177FE5DDF77127DFB82" author="Clark" box="[428,578,1094,1119]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" refString="Clark, A. H. (1909 c) On a collection of crinoids from the Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Videnskabelige Meddelelser Fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 61, 115 - 195." type="journal article" year="1909" yearSuffix="c">Clark, 1909c</bibRefCitation>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA9A177FDA1DF771341FB83" box="[592,894,1094,1118]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="plectrophorum">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA9A177FDA1DF771341FB83" box="[592,894,1094,1118]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Comanthus plectrophorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
HL Clark, 1916;
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA9A177FBBDDF771522FB83" box="[1100,1309,1094,1118]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comatula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="solaster">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA9A177FBBDDF771522FB83" box="[1100,1309,1094,1118]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Comatula solaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
AH
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFA9A177FAA6DF7710DFFB5E" author="Clark" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" refString="Clark, A. H. (1907 b) Description of new species of recent unstalked crinoids from the coast of northeastern Asia. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 33, 127 - 156." type="journal article" year="1907" yearSuffix="b">Clark, 1907b</bibRefCitation>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA9A177FF1DDF5A13A5FB5E" authority="Rowe, Hoggett, Birtles &amp; Vail, 1986" authorityName="Rowe, Hoggett, Birtles &amp; Vail" authorityYear="1986" box="[236,922,1130,1155]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Oxycomanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="muelleri">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA9A177FF1DDF5A11C9FB5E" box="[236,502,1131,1155]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Oxycomanthus muelleri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFA9A177FE0CDF5A13A5FB5E" author="Rowe" box="[509,922,1130,1155]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" refString="Rowe, F. W. E., Hoggett, A. K., Birtles, R. A. &amp; Vail, L. L. (1986) Revision of some comasterid genera from Australia (Echinodermata: Crinoidea), with descriptions of two new genera and nine new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 86, 197 - 277." type="journal article" year="1986">Rowe, Hoggett, Birtles &amp; Vail, 1986</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32D3DEDFFA9A177FF36DFBF11CEFAEA" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B886E66FFA9A177FF36DFBF11CEFAEA" blockId="23.[151,1437,986,2019]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA9A177FF36DFBF117EFB7A" bold="true" box="[199,321,1166,1191]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Mouth excentric in fully developed individuals; up to 120 arms; centrodorsal circular, large and thick; cirri always present (
<figureCitation id="130C72E3FFA9A177FE3BDF831225FB16" box="[458,538,1202,1227]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1406,1428]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,483,1384]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[150,1436,483,1384]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 10. Anneissia. (A – G) Anneissia bennetti— (A – D) live, fully exposed; various color varieties; (E – G) aboral surface showing thick centrodorsal and numerous cirri. (H – I) Anneissia japonica— (H) thick centrodorsal bearing numerous cirri in multiple rows; (I) non-confluent, widely separated comb teeth terminating in a sharp point. Raja Ampat, Indonesia: A, C, D. not vouchered; E. not vouchered (RA 304); G. SIO-BIC E 6290. Madang, Papua New Guinea: B. MNHN-IE- 2013 - 8157; F. not vouchered, SIO-BIC E 6063 (DNA subsample). Japan: H – I. NBC 1742, type." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/580183/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
E–H); IBr2 united by synarthry; IIBr and beyond all 4(3+4); first syzygy at 3+4 on all undivided arms; distal intersyzygial interval 4, occasionally 5; distalmost pinnule comb on P2 to P5; comb tapering distally, sometimes to a sharp point with the distal segments fused; comb composed of nonconfluent erect, well-separated teeth (
<figureCitation id="130C72E3FFA9A177FE76DE2F11E6FAEA" box="[391,473,1310,1335]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1406,1428]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,483,1384]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[150,1436,483,1384]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 10. Anneissia. (A – G) Anneissia bennetti— (A – D) live, fully exposed; various color varieties; (E – G) aboral surface showing thick centrodorsal and numerous cirri. (H – I) Anneissia japonica— (H) thick centrodorsal bearing numerous cirri in multiple rows; (I) non-confluent, widely separated comb teeth terminating in a sharp point. Raja Ampat, Indonesia: A, C, D. not vouchered; E. not vouchered (RA 304); G. SIO-BIC E 6290. Madang, Papua New Guinea: B. MNHN-IE- 2013 - 8157; F. not vouchered, SIO-BIC E 6063 (DNA subsample). Japan: H – I. NBC 1742, type." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/580183/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
Fig.
<date id="FF8948A6FFA9A177FE4ADE2E11E6FAEA" box="[443,473,1311,1335]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" value="2010-01">10</date>
</figureCitation>
I).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32D3DEDFFA9A177FF36DE73135EF93A" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B886E66FFA9A177FF36DE7312D2F9D2" blockId="23.[151,1437,986,2019]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA9A177FF36DE73115FFA86" bold="true" box="[199,352,1346,1371]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Distribution.</emphasis>
Tropical and temperate Indo-western Pacific from
<collectingCountry id="F3202EF6FFA9A177FC40DE731427FA86" box="[945,1048,1346,1371]" name="Australia" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Australia</collectingCountry>
(apparently absent from the west coast) and
<collectingCountry id="F3202EF6FFA9A177FEE0DE561194FAA2" box="[273,427,1382,1407]" name="New Zealand" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
New
<collectingRegion id="49F3A084FFA9A177FEBFDE571194FAA2" box="[334,427,1382,1407]" country="Netherlands" name="Zeeland" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Zealand</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
, west at least to Great Coco I., Andaman Is., east to
<collectingRegion id="49F3A084FFA9A177FC0ADE57148FFAA2" box="[1019,1200,1382,1407]" country="Marshall Islands" name="Kwajalein" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Kwajalein Atoll</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingCountry id="F3202EF6FFA9A177FB16DE5615A6FAA2" box="[1255,1433,1382,1407]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
, and north to Sagami Bay and
<collectingRegion id="49F3A084FFA9A177FE13DEBA1203FA7E" box="[482,572,1419,1443]" country="Japan" name="Toyama" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Toyama</collectingRegion>
Bay,
<collectingCountry id="F3202EF6FFA9A177FD8DDEBA1280FA7F" box="[636,703,1419,1442]" name="Japan" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Japan</collectingCountry>
. Depth range: shoreline-
<specimenCount id="9D31A5EFFFA9A177FC23DEBB1420FA7F" box="[978,1055,1418,1443]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CCFC383FFA9A177FC23DEBB1424FA7F" box="[978,1051,1418,1443]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" unit="m" value="330.0">330 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
Depth records greater than
<quantity id="4CCFC383FFA9A177FAA7DEBA15A3FA7F" box="[1366,1436,1419,1443]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
are chiefly attributed to specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA9A177FDBBDE9E1281FA1B" box="[586,702,1455,1478]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pinguis">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA9A177FDBBDE9E1281FA1B" box="[586,702,1455,1478]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">A. pinguis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA9A177FD06DE9E134DFA1B" box="[759,882,1454,1478]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comatula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="solaster">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA9A177FD06DE9E134DFA1B" box="[759,882,1454,1478]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">A. solaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F3202EF6FFA9A177FC4BDE9E13C5FA1B" box="[954,1018,1455,1478]" name="Japan" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFA9A177FBFBDE9E14B1FA1A" author="Kogo" box="[1034,1166,1455,1479]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" refString="Kogo, I. (1998) Crinoids from Japan and its adjacent waters. Special Publication of the Osaka Museum of National History, 30, 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="1998">Kogo 1998</bibRefCitation>
), and
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA9A177FB24DE9E15A3FA1B" box="[1237,1436,1454,1478]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="plectrophorum">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA9A177FB24DE9E15A3FA1B" box="[1237,1436,1454,1478]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">A. plectrophorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F3202EF6FFA9A177FF29DEE2114DFA36" box="[216,370,1490,1515]" name="New Zealand" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
New
<collectingRegion id="49F3A084FFA9A177FEE9DEE3114DFA36" box="[280,370,1490,1515]" country="Netherlands" name="Zeeland" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Zealand</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
(to
<quantity id="4CCFC383FFA9A177FE59DEE31214FA37" box="[424,555,1490,1515]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.665" metricValueMax="9.25" metricValueMin="8.08" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" unit="m" value="866.5" valueMax="925.0" valueMin="808.0">808–925 m</quantity>
as
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA9A177FDA8DEE21429FA36" authority="McKnight, 1977b" authorityName="McKnight" authorityYear="1977" box="[601,1046,1490,1515]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comissia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mathesoni">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA9A177FDA8DEE21300FA36" box="[601,831,1491,1515]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Comissia mathesoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFA9A177FCBADEE31429FA36" author="McKnight" box="[843,1046,1490,1515]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" refString="McKnight, D. G. (1977 b) Crinoids from Norfolk Island and Wanganella Bank. New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Records, 3, 129 - 137." type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">McKnight, 1977b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[=
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA9A177FBCBDEE2153DFA36" box="[1082,1282,1491,1515]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="plectrophorum">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA9A177FBCBDEE2153DFA36" box="[1082,1282,1491,1515]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">A. plectrophorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]) (AH
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFA9A177FAAFDEE310EDF9D2" author="Clark" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" refString="Clark, A. H. (1931) A monograph of the existing crinoids 1 (3). Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 82, 1 - 916." type="journal article" year="1931">Clark 1931</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFA9A177FF2CDEC61161F9D2" author="Kogo" box="[221,350,1527,1551]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" refString="Kogo, I. (1998) Crinoids from Japan and its adjacent waters. Special Publication of the Osaka Museum of National History, 30, 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="1998">Kogo 1998</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFA9A177FE9BDEC6126EF9D2" author="Rowe" box="[362,593,1526,1551]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" refString="Rowe, F. W. E. &amp; Gates, J. (1995) Echinodermata. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. CSIRO, Melbourne, 510 pp." type="book" year="1995">Rowe &amp; Gates 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFA9A177FDADDEC612DEF9D2" author="Rowe" box="[604,737,1527,1551]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" refString="Rowe, F. W. E. (1989) Nine new deep-water species of Echinodermata from Norfolk Island and Wanganella Bank, northeastern Tasman Sea, with a checklist of the echinoderm fauna. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 111, 257 - 291." type="journal article" year="1989">Rowe 1989</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B886E66FFA9A177FF36DD2B135EF93A" blockId="23.[151,1437,986,2019]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
<materialsCitation id="3B5F643BFFA9A177FF36DD2B12A6F91E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1503125121" collectionCode="COI" country="Iceland" location="Specimens" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" specimenCount="4" stateProvince="Queensland" typeStatus="neotype">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA9A177FF36DD2B119FF9EE" bold="true" box="[199,416,1562,1587]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Molecular results.</emphasis>
Specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA9A177FDBDDD2A131BF9EF" box="[588,804,1563,1586]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comatulidae" genus="Anneissia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA9A177FDBDDD2A131BF9EF" box="[588,804,1563,1586]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Anneissia japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA9A177FCAFDD2A13E6F9EE" box="[862,985,1563,1587]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comatulidae" genus="Alecto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bennetti">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA9A177FCAFDD2A13E6F9EE" box="[862,985,1563,1587]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">A. bennetti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
form separate clades in parsimony and likelihood analysis (
<figureCitation id="130C72E3FFA9A177FE89DD0F11F6F98A" box="[376,457,1598,1623]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1367,1389]" captionTargetBox="[196,1393,452,1332]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[185,1401,447,1340]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 11. Maximum likelihood tree of Anneissia inferred from COI. Symbols, labels and location abbreviations as in Figure 2. New COI sequences are Genbank KR 010352 - KR 010356." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/580184/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
), with greater than 5.4% uncorrected
<collectionCode id="ED26F6A3FFA9A177FC9DDD0E13A3F98A" box="[876,924,1599,1623]" country="Portugal" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14498" name="University of Coimbra Botany Department" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">COI</collectionCode>
distance between specimens from each clade.
<location id="8EE838BDFFA9A177FF66DD53112FF9A6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039EDF70FFA9A178FF66D85E1140FE71:8EE838BDFFA9A177FF66DD53112FF9A6" box="[151,272,1634,1659]" country="Iceland" name="Specimens" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" stateProvince="Queensland">Specimens</location>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA9A177FEC7DD52118FF9A6" box="[310,432,1635,1659]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comatulidae" genus="Alecto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bennetti">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA9A177FEC7DD52118FF9A6" box="[310,432,1635,1659]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">A. bennetti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were recovered in two clades (referred to as ‘
<typeStatus id="548CD0C4FFA9A177FC41DD5213DAF9A6" box="[944,997,1635,1659]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">type</typeStatus>
A’ and ‘
<typeStatus id="548CD0C4FFA9A177FBB2DD521447F9A6" box="[1091,1144,1635,1659]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">type</typeStatus>
B’), 3.3% divergent from each other, each with less than 0.6%
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA9A177FDC1DDB61259F943" box="[560,614,1671,1694]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">intra</emphasis>
clade divergence.
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA9A177FCC1DDB613C2F943" box="[816,1021,1670,1694]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comatulidae" genus="Anneissia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bennetti">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA9A177FCC1DDB613C2F943" box="[816,1021,1670,1694]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Anneissia bennetti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="548CD0C4FFA9A177FBF5DDB6140BF942" box="[1028,1076,1671,1695]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">type</typeStatus>
A included specimens collected from Lizard
<collectingCountry id="F3202EF6FFA9A177FED5DD9B1157F91E" box="[292,360,1706,1731]" name="Iceland" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Island</collectingCountry>
(the
<typeStatus id="548CD0C4FFA9A177FE53DD9A11C0F91E" box="[418,511,1707,1731]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
),
<collectingRegion id="49F3A084FFA9A177FDE3DD9B12A6F91E" box="[530,665,1706,1731]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Queensland</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B5F643BFFA9A177FD55DD9B1399F91E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1503125114" box="[676,934,1706,1731]" country="Australia" location="Madang" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Madang" typeStatus="neotype">
<collectingCountry id="F3202EF6FFA9A177FD55DD9B1331F91E" box="[676,782,1706,1731]" name="Australia" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Australia</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingRegion id="49F3A084FFA9A177FCB6DD9B1399F91E" box="[839,934,1706,1731]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Madang" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Madang</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
, Papua New Guinea.
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA9A177FB66DD9A155AF91E" box="[1175,1381,1707,1731]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comatulidae" genus="Anneissia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bennetti">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA9A177FB66DD9A155AF91E" box="[1175,1381,1707,1731]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Anneissia bennetti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
type B specimens were from Raja Ampat,
<materialsCitation id="3B5F643BFFA9A177FDCDDDFF1362F93A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1503125122" box="[572,861,1742,1767]" country="Indonesia" location="East Timor" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="neotype">
<collectingCountry id="F3202EF6FFA9A177FDCDDDFF1296F93A" box="[572,681,1742,1767]" name="Indonesia" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
and
<location id="8EE838BDFFA9A177FD2EDDFE1362F93A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039EDF70FFA9A178FF66D85E1140FE71:8EE838BDFFA9A177FD2EDDFE1362F93A" box="[735,861,1742,1767]" country="Indonesia" name="East Timor" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">East Timor</location>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32D3DEDFFA9A178FF36DDC31140FE71" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="175" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B886E66FFA9A178FF36DDC31140FE71" blockId="23.[151,1437,986,2019]" lastBlockId="24.[151,1437,151,429]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="175" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA9A177FF36DDC31104F8D6" bold="true" box="[199,315,1778,1803]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Remarks.</emphasis>
As a result of recovering the
<typeStatus id="548CD0C4FFA9A177FD59DDC212E7F8D6" box="[680,728,1779,1803]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">type</typeStatus>
species of
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA9A177FC92DDC21100F8F3" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA9A177FC92DDC21436F8D6" box="[867,1033,1779,1803]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Oxycomanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Oxycomanthus</taxonomicName>
—
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA9A177FBD4DDC215BDF8D7" box="[1061,1410,1779,1803]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="parvicirra" subGenus="Vania">Comanthus (Vania) parvicirra</taxonomicName>
ß comanthipinna
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFA9A177FEB6DC2711EAF8F2" author="Gislen" box="[327,469,1814,1839]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" refString="Gislen, T. (1922) The crinoids from Dr. S. Bock's expedition to Japan 1914. Nova Acta Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis, 5, 1 - 183." type="journal article" year="1922">Gislén, 1922</bibRefCitation>
—within
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA9A177FDB3DC27142BF8F2" authority="Summers et al. (2014a)" authorityName="Summers et al." authorityYear="2014" box="[578,1044,1814,1839]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Clarkcomanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA9A177FDB3DC2712C4F8F3" box="[578,763,1814,1838]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Clarkcomanthus</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFA9A177FCFBDC26142BF8F2" box="[778,1044,1814,1839]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" refString="Summers, M. M., Messing C. G. &amp; Rouse G. W. (2014 a). Phylogeny of Comatulidae (Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Comatulida). Molecular Phylogenetics &amp; Evolution, 80, 319 - 339." type="journal article">
Summers
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA9A177FC8DDC26138AF8F3" box="[892,949,1814,1838]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">et al.</emphasis>
(2014a)
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
erected
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA9A177FB85DC2614DEF8F3" box="[1140,1249,1815,1838]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comatulidae" genus="Anneissia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA9A177FB85DC2614DEF8F3" box="[1140,1249,1815,1838]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Anneissia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to include those
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA9A177FF66DC0A1102F88E" box="[151,317,1851,1875]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Oxycomanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA9A177FF66DC0A1102F88E" box="[151,317,1851,1875]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Oxycomanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species that did not fall within
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA9A177FD52DC0A1363F88E" box="[675,860,1851,1875]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Clarkcomanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA9A177FD52DC0A1363F88E" box="[675,860,1851,1875]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Clarkcomanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and were considered a ‘natural group’ by Rowe &amp; Hoggett (1986) (
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA9A177FEA9DC6F147CF8AB" box="[344,1091,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA9A177FEA9DC6F123FF8AB" box="[344,512,1886,1910]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="plectrophorum">plectrophorum</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA9A177FDFFDC6F1254F8AB" box="[526,619,1886,1910]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comatulidae" genus="Anneissia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bennetti">bennetti</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA9A177FD89DC6E12F2F8AB" box="[632,717,1887,1910]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pinguis">pinguis</taxonomicName>
, japonicus,
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA9A177FCA9DC6F138FF8AB" box="[856,944,1886,1910]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comatula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="solaster">solaster</taxonomicName>
, intermedius
</emphasis>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA9A177FB74DC6F1535F8AB" box="[1157,1290,1886,1910]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comatulidae" genus="Actinometra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="grandicalyx">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA9A177FB74DC6F1535F8AB" box="[1157,1290,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">grandicalyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Characters shared by this group include large size and bulkiness, large centrodorsal, and numerous long cirri (chiefly&gt;30 to as many as 73, of 20 to as many as 38 cirrals). Species now placed in
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA9A177FC75DC971402F863" box="[900,1085,1958,1982]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Clarkcomanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA9A177FC75DC971402F863" box="[900,1085,1958,1982]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Clarkcomanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
rarely have as many as 20 cirri (often none) of usually 15 or fewer cirrals (at most 20) (AH
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFA9A177FCB1DCFB13FFF83E" author="Clark" box="[832,960,1994,2019]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" refString="Clark, A. H. (1931) A monograph of the existing crinoids 1 (3). Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 82, 1 - 916." type="journal article" year="1931">Clark 1931</bibRefCitation>
; Rowe
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA9A177FBE4DCFA1471F83E" box="[1045,1102,1995,2019]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">et al.</emphasis>
1986). Some of the members of this genus may be synonyms; AH
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFA6A178FDC3DBA612FEFF6D" author="Clark" box="[562,705,151,176]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" refString="Clark, A. H. (1931) A monograph of the existing crinoids 1 (3). Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 82, 1 - 916." type="journal article" year="1931">Clark (1931)</bibRefCitation>
regarded
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA6A178FCC1DBA913CDFF72" box="[816,1010,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA6A178FCC1DBA913BAFF72" box="[816,901,152,175]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pinguis">pinguis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA6A178FC61DBA913CDFF72" box="[912,1010,152,175]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comatulidae" genus="Anneissia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonica">japonica</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA6A178FBDFDBA914B8FF6D" box="[1070,1159,152,176]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comatula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="solaster">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA6A178FBDFDBA914B8FF6D" box="[1070,1159,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">solaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be closely related and possibly forms of the same species. He described
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA6A178FD35DB8C1328FF09" box="[708,791,189,212]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pinguis">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA6A178FD35DB8C1328FF09" box="[708,791,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">pinguis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA6A178FCBCDB8C1390FF09" box="[845,943,189,212]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comatulidae" genus="Anneissia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA6A178FCBCDB8C1390FF09" box="[845,943,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as both having long stout cirri of more than 32 cirrals, and
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA6A178FEB4DBD111A1FF25" box="[325,414,224,248]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comatula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="solaster">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA6A178FEB4DBD111A1FF25" box="[325,414,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">solaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with shorter, slenderer cirri of &lt;30 (usually &lt;25) cirrals; but with brachitaxes broad and aborally flattened in
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA6A178FE72DA3411EAFEC1" box="[387,469,261,284]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pinguis">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA6A178FE72DA3411EAFEC1" box="[387,469,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">pinguis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA6A178FDFCDA351259FEC1" box="[525,614,260,284]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comatula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="solaster">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA6A178FDFCDA351259FEC1" box="[525,614,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">solaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
versus narrow and aborally convex in
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA6A178FBD1DA3414BDFEC1" box="[1056,1154,261,284]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comatulidae" genus="Anneissia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA6A178FBD1DA3414BDFEC1" box="[1056,1154,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA61397FFA6A178FB60DA34151DFEC1" author="Kogo" box="[1169,1314,260,285]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" refString="Kogo, I. (1998) Crinoids from Japan and its adjacent waters. Special Publication of the Osaka Museum of National History, 30, 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="1998">Kogo (1998)</bibRefCitation>
diagnosed
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA6A178FF66DA1910C6FEE2" box="[151,249,296,319]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comatulidae" genus="Anneissia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA6A178FF66DA1910C6FEE2" box="[151,249,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as having,&gt;30 cirri &lt;
<quantity id="4CCFC383FFA6A178FE05DA16127BFEE2" box="[500,580,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
long, of 22 cirrals;
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA6A178FCD5DA191349FEE2" box="[804,886,296,319]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pinguis">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA6A178FCD5DA191349FEE2" box="[804,886,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">pinguis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with&gt;30 cirri
<quantity id="4CCFC383FFA6A178FBD0DA1914A5FEE2" box="[1057,1178,296,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" unit="mm" value="35.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="30.0">30–40 mm</quantity>
long, of 25–32 cirrals, and
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA6A178FF37DA7D1120FEB9" box="[198,287,332,356]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comatula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="solaster">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA6A178FF37DA7D1120FEB9" box="[198,287,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">solaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with &lt;25 cirri
<quantity id="4CCFC383FFA6A178FE37DA7D122AFEB9" box="[454,533,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" unit="mm" value="24.0">24 mm</quantity>
long, of 15–25 cirrals (although his description of the latter indicates 31 cirrals). In contrast to AH Clark, he described and illustrated brachitaxes as well-separated in
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA6A178FB8ADA4114EBFE55" box="[1147,1236,368,392]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comatula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="solaster">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA6A178FB8ADA4114EBFE55" box="[1147,1236,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">solaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA6A178FAE1DA41155DFE5A" box="[1296,1378,368,391]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pinguis">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA6A178FAE1DA41155DFE5A" box="[1296,1378,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">pinguis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and apposed in
<taxonomicName id="4C3715E5FFA6A178FEE7DAA41147FE71" box="[278,376,405,428]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comatulidae" genus="Anneissia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="B943B274FFA6A178FEE7DAA41147FE71" box="[278,376,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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