402 lines
52 KiB
XML
402 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document id="E52885D7AB1F7017681D82A312A758A4" ID-CLB-Dataset="270520" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5b1114e9-6e56-4af5-8f2d-3671cf5d4c0d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8391692" ID-ZooBank="40E9413B-90BC-41C5-944C-F3271B5FD5FC" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="jonas" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1695990468755" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Allsopp, Peter G. & Hutchinson, Paul M." docDate="2023" docId="039ADD0BFFA90A0EFF4AC057FB510FC5" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5351.3.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5351 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Philcarneum Allsopp & Hutchinson 2023, new genus" docType="treatment" docUuid="627F2014-380F-41BA-BA4E-4EA153B3A274" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="325" masterDocId="FFA3A573FFA80A0DFFDDC445FF960B64" masterDocTitle="Philcarneum new genus and Constricticollis new genus, two distinctive rhinoceros beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from opposite sides of Australia with a revised key to the Australian dynastine genera" masterLastPageNumber="340" masterPageNumber="322" pageNumber="323" updateTime="1729606666396" updateUser="jonas" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="3A5D6E611DFAC98679F16E441AE28BEC">Philcarneum new genus and Constricticollis new genus, two distinctive rhinoceros beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from opposite sides of Australia with a revised key to the Australian dynastine genera</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="A37155B884AEE6DC6082E2C285F7368E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="17781F1A247A5B0177583E01CDC984C2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="CB821A8A8BACE7202E444EAEB83E1FB3">Allsopp, Peter G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3B3AD56AC7D4BCD5D49953F95516B7F2">Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C863F4CF293FF6BD6D46B3475177A8A9">Hutchinson, Paul M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="843969CE664990B0297EBADCC5B167E2">Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development (Quarantine WA), Locked Bag 69, Welshpool DC, Western Australia 6986, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="4DCD53D5D83BFB1CF4A92233CA70BA91">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F5F261065F1A3AC5A667EF63D068EE33">
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<mods:date id="9E04867702D3EB9C78DF538F3FAFC8B7">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="BF32036D4C2CFC046905EC4C2346EFDE">2023-09-27</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="22A9976F8BF9F36BF19D457615E50CCC">5351</mods:number>
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<treatment id="039ADD0BFFA90A0EFF4AC057FB510FC5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8400461" ID-GBIF-Taxon="213635927" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8400461" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:627F2014-380F-41BA-BA4E-4EA153B3A274" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039ADD0BFFA90A0EFF4AC057FB510FC5" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="325" pageId="1" pageNumber="323">
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<subSubSection id="C3293F96FFA90A0CFF4AC057FC530F35" pageId="1" pageNumber="323" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8C6C1DFFA90A0CFF4AC057FC530F35" blockId="1.[151,965,1042,1105]" pageId="1" pageNumber="323">
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<heading id="D0C4DB71FFA90A0CFF4AC057FD730F49" bold="true" box="[151,741,1042,1069]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="323" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B947B00FFFA90A0CFF4AC057FD730F49" bold="true" box="[151,741,1042,1069]" pageId="1" pageNumber="323">
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<taxonomicName id="4C33179EFFA90A0CFF4AC057FDC10F48" ID-CoL="BTZGJ" authority="Allsopp & Hutchinson" authorityName="Allsopp & Hutchinson" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,599,1042,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Philcarneum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="323" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B947B00FFFA90A0CFF4AC057FEA30F49" bold="true" box="[151,309,1042,1069]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="323">Philcarneum</emphasis>
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Allsopp & Hutchinson
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2740D74FFA90A0CFDB9C056FD730F49" box="[612,741,1043,1069]" pageId="1" pageNumber="323" rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="FF9556C8FFA90A0CFE75C073FC530F35" box="[424,965,1078,1105]" pageId="1" pageNumber="323">627F2014-380F-41BA-BA4E-4EA153B3A274</uuid>
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3293F96FFA90A0CFF4AC03AFB1C0FFD" box="[151,1162,1150,1177]" pageId="1" pageNumber="323" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8B8C6C1DFFA90A0CFF4AC03AFB1C0FFD" blockId="1.[151,1437,1150,2041]" box="[151,1162,1150,1177]" pageId="1" pageNumber="323">
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<emphasis id="B947B00FFFA90A0CFF4AC03AFEA40FFC" bold="true" box="[151,306,1150,1177]" pageId="1" pageNumber="323">
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<typeStatus id="5488D2BFFFA90A0CFF4AC03AFF440FFD" box="[151,210,1151,1177]" pageId="1" pageNumber="323">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C33179EFFA90A0CFEE4C03AFCA20FFD" authority="Allsopp & Hutchinson" authorityName="Allsopp & Hutchinson" authorityYear="2023" box="[313,820,1151,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Philcarneum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="323" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aenigma" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B947B00FFFA90A0CFEE4C03AFDA70FFC" box="[313,561,1151,1177]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="323">Philcarneum aenigma</emphasis>
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Allsopp & Hutchinson
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B947B00FFFA90A0CFCE6C03AFC520FFC" bold="true" box="[827,964,1150,1177]" pageId="1" pageNumber="323">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2740D74FFA90A0CFCE6C03AFC520FFC" box="[827,964,1150,1177]" pageId="1" pageNumber="323" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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, here designated.
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</paragraph>
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||
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<subSubSection id="C3293F96FFA90A0CFF1AC0E7FE1E0DBD" pageId="1" pageNumber="323" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8C6C1DFFA90A0CFF1AC0E7FAAB0DD1" blockId="1.[151,1437,1150,2041]" pageId="1" pageNumber="323">
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<emphasis id="B947B00FFFA90A0CFF1AC0E7FE450FD8" bold="true" box="[199,467,1186,1212]" pageId="1" pageNumber="323">Description of female.</emphasis>
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Body 13.0–14.0 mm long. Mentum not dilated and not concealing the bases of the maxillary palps, not compressed to form a thin, vertical lamina. Mandibles not visible from above beyond clypeus, not toothed, evenly rounded on outer edge. Maxillary palps elongate, longer than labial palps; galea strongly toothed, without a conical process terminating in a pencil of setae. Antennae with 9 antennomeres, apical 3 antennomeres forming a lamellate club, lamellae widest at middle, club not greatly enlarged and shorter than shaft, scape not expanded nor wedge-like, not concealing funicular antennomeres. Head and pronotum without armature or without head flattened vertically. Clypeus with anterior margin slightly concave in middle, not strongly contracted towards apex with sides concave; clypeofrontal suture straight, largely obliterated on lateral thirds, shallow groove across the middle. Anterior of pronotum with a conspicuous furrow set back from slightly raised and darker strip along the margin, glabrous. Elytral striae, including the sutural stria, indicated by indistinct lines of shallow punctures. Hind wings fully developed. Propygidium not enlarged, without stridulatory bands. Apical pygidial ridge glabrous. Postcoxal process forming a vertical columnar process. Last abdominal ventrite with semicircular excavation near the apex enclosing a somewhat membranous area. Protibiae bidentate, apical tooth broadly rounded. Metafemur and metatibia markedly broad and strongly compressed. Apical face of mesotibia setose; apex of metatibia truncate, slightly scalloped, without cilia, with 2 spurs. Metatarsomere 1 not produced apically. Claws symmetrical.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8C6C1DFFA90A0CFF1AC2FAFE1E0DBD" blockId="1.[151,1437,1150,2041]" box="[199,392,1727,1753]" pageId="1" pageNumber="323">
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<emphasis id="B947B00FFFA90A0CFF1AC2FAFE9D0DBD" bold="true" box="[199,267,1727,1753]" pageId="1" pageNumber="323">Male.</emphasis>
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Unknown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3293F96FFA90A0CFF1AC2A6FE270C45" pageId="1" pageNumber="323" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8B8C6C1DFFA90A0CFF1AC2A6FE270C45" blockId="1.[151,1437,1150,2041]" pageId="1" pageNumber="323">
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<emphasis id="B947B00FFFA90A0CFF1AC2A6FED80D99" bold="true" box="[199,334,1763,1789]" pageId="1" pageNumber="323">Etymology.</emphasis>
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Named for Phillip Broughton Carne (1921–1989), the doyen of Australian dynastine studies. The name is neuter in gender.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3293F96FFA90A0EFF1AC36FFB510FC5" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="325" pageId="1" pageNumber="323" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B8C6C1DFFA90A0FFF1AC36FFAD40BB1" blockId="1.[151,1437,1150,2041]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="324" pageId="1" pageNumber="323">
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<emphasis id="B947B00FFFA90A0CFF1AC36FFED90C20" bold="true" box="[199,335,1834,1860]" pageId="1" pageNumber="323">Comments.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA211ECFFA90A0CFE84C36EFE660C21" author="Carne, P. B." box="[345,496,1835,1861]" pageId="1" pageNumber="323" pagination="76 - 78" refId="ref19171" refString="Carne, P. B. (1981) An undescribed and possibly exotic beetle (Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) occurring on the south coast of New South Wales. Australian Entomological Magazine, 7, 76 - 78." type="journal article" year="1981">Carne (1981)</bibRefCitation>
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documented the presence in coastal southern New South Wales of females of an undescribed dynastine with markedly broad and strongly compressed metathoracic legs and with unusual characters of the antennomeres and the structure of the clypeus and maxilla. These indicated to him that it was generically distinct from other Australian
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<taxonomicName id="4C33179EFFA90A0CFE33C3D2FDF90CD5" box="[494,623,1943,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dynastinae">Dynastinae</taxonomicName>
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, and he thought that it might be an exotic species. However, we cannot match it with any described species in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA211ECFFA90A0CFDB6C3FEFC8D0CB1" author="Endrodi, S." box="[619,795,1978,2005]" pageId="1" pageNumber="323" refId="ref19336" refString="Endrodi, S. (1985) The Dynastinae of the World. Junk, Dordrecht, 800 pp." type="book" year="1985">Endrődi (1985)</bibRefCitation>
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or in subsequent publications. Roger-Paul Dechambre (Muséum National d’Historie Naturelle, Paris; cited in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA211ECFFA90A0CFD2BC39AFCEE0C9D" author="Carne, P. B." box="[758,888,2015,2041]" pageId="1" pageNumber="323" pagination="76 - 78" refId="ref19171" refString="Carne, P. B. (1981) An undescribed and possibly exotic beetle (Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) occurring on the south coast of New South Wales. Australian Entomological Magazine, 7, 76 - 78." type="journal article" year="1981">Carne 1981</bibRefCitation>
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) considered it to represent a genus closely similar in morphology to
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<taxonomicName id="4C33179EFFAA0A0FFE80C4D2FD160BD5" authority="Laporte, 1832" authorityName="Laporte" authorityYear="1832" box="[349,640,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Calicnemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B947B00FFFAA0A0FFE80C4D2FE4D0BD5" box="[349,475,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">Calicnemis</emphasis>
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Laporte, 1832
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</taxonomicName>
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, a genus that occurs on the western coasts of
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<collectingCountry id="F3242C8DFFAA0A0FFBADC4D2FB290BD5" box="[1136,1215,151,177]" name="France" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">France</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3242C8DFFAA0A0FFB14C4D2FA9F0BD5" box="[1225,1289,151,177]" name="Spain" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">Spain</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F3242C8DFFAA0A0FFAE0C4D2FA0A0BD5" box="[1341,1436,151,177]" name="Portugal" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">Portugal</collectingCountry>
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and coastal areas of the western Mediterranean (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA211ECFFAA0A0FFD6EC4FEFC490BB1" author="Verdugo, A. & Drumont, A." box="[691,991,186,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref19998" refString="Verdugo, A. & Drumont, A. (2015) Revision del genero Calicnemis Laporte, 1832: enfoques morfologico y genetico (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae). Revue de l'Association Roussillonnaise d'Entomologie, 24 (Supplement), 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="2015">Verdugo & Drumont 2015</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA211ECFFAA0A0FFC36C4FEFAA30BB1" author="Ben Aba, W. & Bouragaoui, Z." box="[1003,1333,187,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" pagination="381 - 384" refId="ref19089" refString="Ben Aba, W. & Bouragaoui, Z. (2021) Confirmation of the presence of the vulnerable species Calicnemis obesa obesa Erichson, 1841 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae), in Tunisia. Munis Entomology & Zoology, 16, 381 - 384." type="journal article" year="2021">Ben Aba & Bouragaoui 2021</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8C6C1DFFAA0A0FFF1AC49AFEEF097D" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">
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The species is known from three localities over about
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<quantity id="4CCBC1F8FFAA0A0FFCFBC49AFCFB0B9D" box="[806,877,223,249]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" unit="km" value="70.0">70 km</quantity>
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along the southeastern coast of New South Wales (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA211ECFFAA0A0FFF42C546FEBE0A79" author="Carne, P. B." box="[159,296,259,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" pagination="76 - 78" refId="ref19171" refString="Carne, P. B. (1981) An undescribed and possibly exotic beetle (Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) occurring on the south coast of New South Wales. Australian Entomological Magazine, 7, 76 - 78." type="journal article" year="1981">Carne 1981</bibRefCitation>
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). The first was collected in 1905, with subsequent collections in 1968 and 1979. Only females have been collected and in late January and March. One was noted as walking on the surface of sand dunes towards dusk.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA211ECFFAA0A0FFF01C50EFEE40A01" author="Carne, P. B." box="[220,370,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" pagination="76 - 78" refId="ref19171" refString="Carne, P. B. (1981) An undescribed and possibly exotic beetle (Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) occurring on the south coast of New South Wales. Australian Entomological Magazine, 7, 76 - 78." type="journal article" year="1981">Carne (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that the modified metathoracic legs are similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33179EFFAA0A0FFB4EC50EFAFD0A01" box="[1171,1387,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947B00FFFAA0A0FFB4EC50EFA870A01" box="[1171,1297,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">Calicnemis</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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and species of the
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<collectingCountry id="F3242C8DFFAA0A0FFEEAC52AFE5B0AED" box="[311,461,367,393]" name="New Zealand" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C33179EFFAA0A0FFDC0C52AFCC90AED" authority="Burmeister, 1847" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1847" box="[541,863,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Pericoptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B947B00FFFAA0A0FFDC0C52AFD000AEC" box="[541,662,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">Pericoptus</emphasis>
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Burmeister, 1847
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</taxonomicName>
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(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA211ECFFAA0A0FFCB0C52AFB1F0AED" author="Ratcliffe, B. C. & Orozco, J." box="[877,1161,367,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" pagination="445 - 451" refId="ref19793" refString="Ratcliffe, B. C. & Orozco, J. (2009) A review of the biology of Pericoptus truncatus (Fabr.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Pentodontini) from New Zealand and a revised description of the third instar. Coleopterists Bulletin, 63, 445 - 451. https: // doi. org / 10.1649 / 1186.1" type="journal article" year="2009">Ratcliffe & Orozco 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and references therein), both genera associated with coastal sandy tracts, and may provide leverage for emerging adults. Curiously, males have not been collected, despite the area being favoured by Canberra-based entomologists for summer and Easter holidays; presumably, they are not attracted to light and live away from forested areas that might be favoured collection localities.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C6C1DFFAA0A0FFF1AC666FC040871" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947B00FFFAA0A0FFF1AC666FEDD0959" bold="true" box="[199,331,547,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">Placement.</emphasis>
|
||
The Australian dynastine fauna is arranged in six tribes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA211ECFFAA0A0FFC6CC666FBF20959" author="Weir, T. A. & Lawrence, J. F. & Lemann, C. & Gunter, N. L." box="[945,1124,547,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" refId="ref20085" refString="Weir, T. A., Lawrence, J. F., Lemann, C. & Gunter, N. L. (2019) Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae MacLeay, 1919 [sic]. In: Slipinski, A. & Lawrence, J. F. (Eds.), Australian Beetles. Vol. 2. Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga (part). CSIRO Publishing, Clayton South, pp. 516 - 530." type="book" year="2019">
|
||
Weir
|
||
<emphasis id="B947B00FFFAA0A0FFC33C666FBB20959" box="[1006,1060,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), with the majority of genera and species in the Pentodontini and fewer in the Dynastini, Oryctini, Oryctoderini, Phileurini and the introduced Cyclocephalini. Neither the Central and South American Agaocephalini nor the Madagascan Hexodontini (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA211ECFFAA0A0FFA9DC62EFF4409CD" author="Endrodi, S." pageId="2" pageNumber="324" refId="ref19336" refString="Endrodi, S. (1985) The Dynastinae of the World. Junk, Dordrecht, 800 pp." type="book" year="1985">Endrődi 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA211ECFFAA0A0FFF3DC6CAFEF109CD" author="Smith, A. B. T." box="[224,359,655,681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" pagination="144 - 204" refId="ref19929" refString="Smith, A. B. T. (2006) A review of the family-group names for the superfamily Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) with corrections to nomenclature and current classification. Coleopterists Society Monographs, 5, 144 - 204. https: // doi. org / 10.1649 / 0010 - 065 X (2006) 60 [144: AROTFN] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2006">Smith 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) has been recorded; the former have horns or tubercles on the head and pronotum, whilst the latter are distinguished by their nearly circular body shape, both unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33179EFFAA0A0FFC62C6F6FBC609A9" authorityName="Allsopp & Hutchinson" authorityYear="2023" box="[959,1104,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Philcarneum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947B00FFFAA0A0FFC62C6F6FBC609A9" box="[959,1104,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">Philcarneum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Use of the key to Australian dynastine genera of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA211ECFFAA0A0FFE59C692FDC00995" author="Weir, T. A. & Lawrence, J. F. & Lemann, C. & Gunter, N. L." box="[388,598,727,753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" refId="ref20085" refString="Weir, T. A., Lawrence, J. F., Lemann, C. & Gunter, N. L. (2019) Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae MacLeay, 1919 [sic]. In: Slipinski, A. & Lawrence, J. F. (Eds.), Australian Beetles. Vol. 2. Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga (part). CSIRO Publishing, Clayton South, pp. 516 - 530." type="book" year="2019">
|
||
Weir
|
||
<emphasis id="B947B00FFFAA0A0FFE19C692FD960995" box="[452,512,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to place
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33179EFFAA0A0FFD1BC692FCC10995" authorityName="Allsopp & Hutchinson" authorityYear="2023" box="[710,855,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Philcarneum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947B00FFFAA0A0FFD1BC692FCC10995" box="[710,855,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">Philcarneum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is difficult as that key is mainly based on males. However, some characters of the female point to a likely placement.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C6C1DFFAA0A0FFF1AC75AFF6908E5" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">
|
||
The Australian Cyclocephalini is represented by one introduced species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA211ECFFAA0A0FFC21C75AFAA9085D" author="Hutchinson, P. M. & Allsopp, P. G." box="[1020,1343,799,825]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref19412" refString="Hutchinson, P. M. & Allsopp, P. G. (2019) Revisiting Nephrodopus Sharp, 1873, with the description of a new species and a female (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae). Australian Entomologist, 46, 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="2019">Allsopp & Hutchinson 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA211ECFFAA0A0FFA96C75AFF6C0839" author="Weir, T. A. & Lawrence, J. F. & Lemann, C. & Gunter, N. L." pageId="2" pageNumber="324" refId="ref20085" refString="Weir, T. A., Lawrence, J. F., Lemann, C. & Gunter, N. L. (2019) Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae MacLeay, 1919 [sic]. In: Slipinski, A. & Lawrence, J. F. (Eds.), Australian Beetles. Vol. 2. Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga (part). CSIRO Publishing, Clayton South, pp. 516 - 530." type="book" year="2019">
|
||
Weir
|
||
<emphasis id="B947B00FFFAA0A0FFA55C75AFF220839" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); this has mandibles extending beyond the clypeus and with the apices upturned, and the metatibiae not enlarged.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C6C1DFFAA0A0FFF1AC7CEFB000F51" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">
|
||
The Dynastini, Oryctini and Oryctoderini can be excluded as are all much larger (>
|
||
<quantity id="4CCBC1F8FFAA0A0FFBB7C7CEFB2E08C1" box="[1130,1208,907,933]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
long), the Dynastini also usually have mandibles excised at the apex and metatarsomere 1 of both sexes cylindrical, and the Oryctoderini also have the clypeus truncate and upturned or with 1–4 teeth. Similarly, the Phileurini can be discounted as the mentum of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33179EFFAA0A0FFEC3C7B2FE390F75" authorityName="Allsopp & Hutchinson" authorityYear="2023" box="[286,431,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Philcarneum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947B00FFFAA0A0FFEC3C7B2FE390F75" box="[286,431,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">Philcarneum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not strongly dilated, the frons does not have tubercles or horns, the metafemora are thickened, and the transverse carinae of the meso- and metatibiae are not overly developed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C6C1DFFAA0A0FFF1AC07AFAB80F8D" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">
|
||
There remains the Pentodontini, a group where the mentum is narrowed towards the ligula, the postcoxal process forms a vertical columnar process, and the mesothoracic and metathoracic legs have small claws; all characters found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33179EFFAA0A0FFF26C0C2FE1A0FC5" authorityName="Allsopp & Hutchinson" authorityYear="2023" box="[251,396,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Philcarneum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947B00FFFAA0A0FFF26C0C2FE1A0FC5" box="[251,396,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">Philcarneum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA211ECFFAA0A0FFE44C0C2FDC80FC5" author="Weir, T. A. & Lawrence, J. F. & Lemann, C. & Gunter, N. L." box="[409,606,1159,1185]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" refId="ref20085" refString="Weir, T. A., Lawrence, J. F., Lemann, C. & Gunter, N. L. (2019) Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae MacLeay, 1919 [sic]. In: Slipinski, A. & Lawrence, J. F. (Eds.), Australian Beetles. Vol. 2. Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga (part). CSIRO Publishing, Clayton South, pp. 516 - 530." type="book" year="2019">
|
||
Weir
|
||
<emphasis id="B947B00FFFAA0A0FFE08C0C2FD9B0FC5" box="[469,525,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
arranged the Australian fauna in four subtribes (Cheiroplatina, Dipelicina, Pentodontina and Pseudoryctina) that provide a convenient classification, although this has not been applied to the worldwide Pentodontini,
|
||
<emphasis id="B947B00FFFAA0A0FFE6EC08AFE4D0F8C" box="[435,475,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA211ECFFAA0A0FFE34C08AFD0F0F8D" author="Endrodi, S." box="[489,665,1230,1257]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" refId="ref19336" refString="Endrodi, S. (1985) The Dynastinae of the World. Junk, Dordrecht, 800 pp." type="book" year="1985">Endrődi (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33179EFFAA0A0FFD7EC08AFCA20F8D" authorityName="Allsopp & Hutchinson" authorityYear="2023" box="[675,820,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Philcarneum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947B00FFFAA0A0FFD7EC08AFCA20F8D" box="[675,820,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">Philcarneum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not conform to three of these subtribes:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C6C1DFFAA0A0FFF1AC0B6FF4E0E31" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">• Pseudoryctina—the mentum is not compressed, the mandibles and labrum are not exposed beyond the clypeus, and the labrum does not have a deeply truncate face and is not at a considerable angle to the plane of the frons.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C6C1DFFAA0A0FFF1AC11AFCAB0EF9" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">• Dipelicina—the protibiae are not simply tridentate, each apical labial palpomere is not securiform, the clypeus is not truncate, and the propygidium is not enlarged.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C6C1DFFAA0A0FFF1AC1E2FDC40D6D" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">• Pentodontina—the mandibles are not toothed and are not visible beyond the clypeus, the ocular canthi are setose, the clypeus is not narrowed or truncate and the anterior margin is not bisinuate or bidentate, and the clypeofrontal ridge is not bituberculate.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C6C1DFFAA0A0FFF1AC256FE2E0C61" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">
|
||
The Cheiroplatina are recognised (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA211ECFFAA0A0FFD90C256FD420D49" author="Carne, P. B." box="[589,724,1554,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" refId="ref19138" refString="Carne, P. B. (1957) Systematic Revision of the Australian Dynastinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Melbourne, 284 pp." type="book" year="1957">Carne 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA211ECFFAA0A0FFD3DC256FC0E0D49" author="Weir, T. A. & Lawrence, J. F. & Lemann, C. & Gunter, N. L." box="[736,920,1555,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" refId="ref20085" refString="Weir, T. A., Lawrence, J. F., Lemann, C. & Gunter, N. L. (2019) Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae MacLeay, 1919 [sic]. In: Slipinski, A. & Lawrence, J. F. (Eds.), Australian Beetles. Vol. 2. Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga (part). CSIRO Publishing, Clayton South, pp. 516 - 530." type="book" year="2019">
|
||
Weir
|
||
<emphasis id="B947B00FFFAA0A0FFCC3C256FCC10D49" box="[798,855,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) by: mandibles evenly rounded distally, often concealed beneath the clypeus; antennae not sexually dimorphic; ocular canthi usually setose; clypeofrontal ridge transverse or posteriorly arcuate, often giving rise to a median tubercle or horn, never to paired armature; pronotum sometimes unarmed but more often with impressions or excavations; claws of male protarsi rarely asymmetrical; propygidium without a stridulatory area, apical pygidial ridge usually setose; terminal abdominal ventrite with a semicircular excavation near the apex enclosing a somewhat membranous area. Where known these characters are shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33179EFFAA0A0FFEFDC2AEFE270C61" authorityName="Allsopp & Hutchinson" authorityYear="2023" box="[288,433,1771,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Philcarneum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947B00FFFAA0A0FFEFDC2AEFE270C61" box="[288,433,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">Philcarneum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C6C1DFFAA0A0FFF1AC34AFC390C29" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">
|
||
Within the Cheiroplatina,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33179EFFAA0A0FFE28C34AFD100C4D" authorityName="Allsopp & Hutchinson" authorityYear="2023" box="[501,646,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Philcarneum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947B00FFFAA0A0FFE28C34AFD100C4D" box="[501,646,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">Philcarneum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinct from other Australian genera as it has the conspicuously flattened and broadened metafemurs and metatibiae and because from:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C6C1DFFAA0A0FFF1AC312FB750CF1" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">
|
||
•
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33179EFFAA0A0FFF2AC312FE7F0C15" authority="Sharp, 1875" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1875" box="[247,489,1878,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Novapus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947B00FFFAA0A0FFF2AC312FECF0C14" box="[247,345,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">Novapus</emphasis>
|
||
Sharp, 1875
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33179EFFAA0A0FFDD2C312FCD10C15" authority="Burmeister, 1847" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1847" box="[527,839,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Trissodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947B00FFFAA0A0FFDD2C312FDEB0C15" box="[527,637,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">Trissodon</emphasis>
|
||
Burmeister, 1847
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the clypeus is not strongly contracted towards the apex and with the sides concave, and the mandibles are not exposed beyond or beside the clypeus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C6C1DFFAA0A0FFF1AC3DAFB010CB9" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">
|
||
•
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33179EFFAA0A0FFF2AC3DAFD8C0CDD" authority="Hope, 1837" authorityName="Hope" authorityYear="1837" box="[247,538,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Cheiroplatys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947B00FFFAA0A0FFF2AC3DAFE110CDD" box="[247,391,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">Cheiroplatys</emphasis>
|
||
Hope, 1837
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the pronotum does not have any indication of a horn or depression, and metatarsomere 1 is not widened, flattened and with a distinct longitudinal carina externally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C6C1DFFAB0A0EFF1AC4D2FC390B9D" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1185]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">
|
||
•
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33179EFFAB0A0EFF2AC4D2FD890BD5" authority="Hope, 1847" authorityName="Hope" authorityYear="1847" box="[247,543,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Semanopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947B00FFFAB0A0EFF2AC4D2FE000BD5" box="[247,406,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Semanopterus</emphasis>
|
||
Hope, 1847
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as there is no indication of a tubercle or low horn on the head, the clypeus does not have the anterior margin upturned, the galea are strongly toothed, the mandibles are not exposed beyond the clypeus, and there are no anterior or posterior foveae on the pronotum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C6C1DFFAB0A0EFF1AC546FC160A01" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1185]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">
|
||
•
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33179EFFAB0A0EFF2AC546FDDE0A79" authority="Carne, 1957" authorityName="Carne" authorityYear="1957" box="[247,584,258,285]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Neodasygnathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947B00FFFAB0A0EFF2AC546FE260A79" box="[247,432,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Neodasygnathus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA211ECFFAB0A0EFE66C546FDDE0A79" author="Carne, P. B." box="[443,584,258,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" refId="ref19138" refString="Carne, P. B. (1957) Systematic Revision of the Australian Dynastinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Melbourne, 284 pp." type="book" year="1957">Carne, 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33179EFFAB0A0EFDABC546FC530A79" authority="MacLeay, 1819" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1819" box="[630,965,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dasygnathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947B00FFFAB0A0EFDABC546FC9E0A79" box="[630,776,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Dasygnathus</emphasis>
|
||
MacLeay, 1819
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the body <
|
||
<quantity id="4CCBC1F8FFAB0A0EFBA3C546FB470A79" box="[1150,1233,259,285]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, there is no tubercle or horn on the head, the base of the mentum is not hollowed or cleft, the galea are strongly toothed, and the pronotum does not have an anteromedian impression and tubercle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C6C1DFFAB0A0EFF1AC52AFDC20AB5" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1185]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">
|
||
•
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33179EFFAB0A0EFF2AC52AFDDC0AED" authority="Blackburn, 1889" authorityName="Blackburn" authorityYear="1889" box="[247,586,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Adoryphorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947B00FFFAB0A0EFF2AC52AFE1F0AED" box="[247,393,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Adoryphorus</emphasis>
|
||
Blackburn, 1889
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33179EFFAB0A0EFD8EC52AFC370AED" authority="Arrow, 1908" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1908" box="[595,929,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Anomalomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947B00FFFAB0A0EFD8EC52AFC990AED" box="[595,783,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Anomalomorpha</emphasis>
|
||
Arrow, 1908
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33179EFFAB0A0EFC77C52AFB4F0AED" authority="Dechambre, 1999" authorityName="Dechambre" authorityYear="1999" box="[938,1241,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Enracius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947B00FFFAB0A0EFC77C52AFB990AEC" box="[938,1039,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Enracius</emphasis>
|
||
Dechambre, 1999
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33179EFFAB0A0EFB27C52AFE4F0AC9" authority="Hutchinson & Allsopp, 2021" authorityName="Hutchinson & Allsopp" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Erbmahcedius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947B00FFFAB0A0EFB27C52AFA0A0AED" box="[1274,1436,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Erbmahcedius</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA211ECFFAB0A0EFF4AC5D6FE4F0AC9" author="Hutchinson, P. M. & Allsopp, P. G." box="[151,473,403,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" pagination="439 - 462" refId="ref19528" refString="Hutchinson, P. M. & Allsopp, P. G. (2021) Revision of Anomalomorpha Arrow, 1908 and Enracius Dechambre, 1999, with Erbmahcedius new genus from southeastern Australia (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini: Cheiroplatina). Zootaxa, 5072 (5), 439 - 462. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5072.5.2" type="journal article" year="2021">Hutchinson & Allsopp, 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the elytra are not conspicuously guttered, and the galea do not have a small conical process terminating in a pencil of setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C6C1DFFAB0A0EFF1AC59EFBA60905" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1185]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">
|
||
Although resembling the western Mediterranean
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33179EFFAB0A0EFD31C59EFC530A91" box="[748,965,475,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947B00FFFAB0A0EFD31C59EFCFC0A91" box="[748,874,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Calicnemis</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33179EFFAB0A0EFC0DC59EFBF70A91" authorityName="Allsopp & Hutchinson" authorityYear="2023" box="[976,1121,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Philcarneum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947B00FFFAB0A0EFC0DC59EFBF70A91" box="[976,1121,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Philcarneum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs most significantly in having nine antennomeres rather than eight, the protibiae with rounded and not pointed teeth, the galea with strong teeth, and the combined upper clypeus and frons with coarse, concentric sculpturing. Both sexes of the two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33179EFFAB0A0EFF6BC602FEA20905" authorityName="Laporte" authorityYear="1832" box="[182,308,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Calicnemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947B00FFFAB0A0EFF6BC602FEA20905" box="[182,308,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Calicnemis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are well known and well characterised (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA211ECFFAB0A0EFD2AC602FBB20905" author="Verdugo, A. & Drumont, A." box="[759,1060,582,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref19998" refString="Verdugo, A. & Drumont, A. (2015) Revision del genero Calicnemis Laporte, 1832: enfoques morfologico y genetico (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae). Revue de l'Association Roussillonnaise d'Entomologie, 24 (Supplement), 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="2015">Verdugo & Drumont 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C6C1DFFAB0A0EFF1AC62EFAB20839" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1185]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33179EFFAB0A0EFF1AC62EFECE09E1" authorityName="Allsopp & Hutchinson" authorityYear="2023" box="[199,344,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Philcarneum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947B00FFFAB0A0EFF1AC62EFECE09E1" box="[199,344,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Philcarneum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the five known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33179EFFAB0A0EFCC1C62EFC0309E0" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1847" box="[796,917,619,644]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Pericoptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947B00FFFAB0A0EFCC1C62EFC0309E0" box="[796,917,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Pericoptus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a rounded apex of the clypeus (not truncate and with two upturned teeth), nine antennomers (not 10), the protibiae with two teeth (not three), and its smaller size (not>
|
||
<quantity id="4CCBC1F8FFAB0A0EFEA5C6F6FE5C09A9" box="[376,458,691,717]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
|
||
long). It also differs from another ‘mysterious’ monotypic genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33179EFFAB0A0EFB1DC6F6FF440995" authority="Endrodi, 1974" authorityName="Endrodi" authorityYear="1974" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Carneiola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947B00FFFAB0A0EFB1DC6F6FAA409A9" box="[1216,1330,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Carneiola</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA211ECFFAB0A0EFAE6C6F6FF440995" author="Endrodi, S." pageId="3" pageNumber="325" pagination="17 - 70" refId="ref19297" refString="Endrodi, S. (1974) Monographie der Dynastinae 4. Tribus: Pentodontini von Australien und Neu-Zeeland (Coleoptera). Folia Entomologica Hungarica, Series Nova, 27 (2), 17 - 70." type="journal article" year="1974">Endrődi, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, described from
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D35A794FFAB0A0EFE4FC692FDBF0995" box="[402,553,727,753]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" type="female">three females</specimenCount>
|
||
from ‘Neu Seeland’ (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA211ECFFAB0A0EFCFFC692FC570995" author="Endrodi, S." box="[802,961,727,753]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" pagination="17 - 70" refId="ref19297" refString="Endrodi, S. (1974) Monographie der Dynastinae 4. Tribus: Pentodontini von Australien und Neu-Zeeland (Coleoptera). Folia Entomologica Hungarica, Series Nova, 27 (2), 17 - 70." type="journal article" year="1974">Endrődi 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA211ECFFAB0A0EFC13C693FB910995" author="Endrodi, S." box="[974,1031,726,753]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" refId="ref19336" refString="Endrodi, S. (1985) The Dynastinae of the World. Junk, Dordrecht, 800 pp." type="book" year="1985">1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) but not known from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3242C8DFFAB0A0EFAD8C692FA0A0995" box="[1285,1436,727,753]" name="New Zealand" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA211ECFFAB0A0EFF43C6BEFE800871" author="Watt, J. C." box="[158,278,763,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" pagination="4 - 24" refId="ref20045" refString="Watt, J. C. (1984) A review of some New Zealand Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera). New Zealand Entomologist, 8, 4 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00779962.1984.9722456" type="journal article" year="1984">Watt 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). That species has a triangular clypeus with the apex bidentate, 10 antennomeres and tridentate protibiae, although the head is strongly and transverse wrinkled, the mesotibiae and metatibiae are not broad and strongly compressed, and the elytra are coarsely punctate with dense rows of annulate punctures (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA211ECFFAB0A0EFBA4C706FA8E0839" author="Endrodi, S." box="[1145,1304,834,861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" refId="ref19336" refString="Endrodi, S. (1985) The Dynastinae of the World. Junk, Dordrecht, 800 pp." type="book" year="1985">Endrődi 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C6C1DFFAB0A0EFF1AC722FE5B0F19" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1185]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33179EFFAB0A0EFF1AC722FECE08E5" authorityName="Allsopp & Hutchinson" authorityYear="2023" box="[199,344,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Philcarneum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947B00FFFAB0A0EFF1AC722FECE08E5" box="[199,344,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Philcarneum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also bears resemblance to the two known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33179EFFAB0A0EFC15C722FA9208E5" authority="Burmeister, 1847" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1847" box="[968,1284,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Podalgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947B00FFFAB0A0EFC15C722FBA408E5" box="[968,1074,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Podalgus</emphasis>
|
||
Burmeister, 1847
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33179EFFAB0A0EFACFC722FECE08C1" authority="Burmeister, 1847" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1847" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Podalgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuniculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947B00FFFAB0A0EFACFC722FA0A08E5" box="[1298,1436,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">P. cuniculus</emphasis>
|
||
Burmeister, 1847
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with five subspecies occurring across north Africa to northwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3242C8DFFAB0A0EFB9AC7CEFB1708C1" box="[1095,1153,907,933]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33179EFFAB0A0EFB6BC7CEFEC008AD" authority="Gusakov & Legezin 2016" authorityName="Gusakov & Legezin" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Podalgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nazarovi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947B00FFFAB0A0EFB6BC7CEFAA408C0" box="[1206,1330,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">P. nazarovi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA211ECFFAB0A0EFAE4C7CEFEC008AD" author="Gusakov, A. A. & Legezin, O. G." pageId="3" pageNumber="325" pagination="160 - 166" refId="ref19356" refString="Gusakov, A. A. & Legezin, O. G. (2016) A new scarab species, Podalgus nazarovi (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini), from the sands of south-western Iran [in Russian]. Humanity Space, International Almanac, 5, 160 - 166." type="journal article" year="2016">Gusakov & Legezin 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from southwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3242C8DFFAB0A0EFD99C7EAFDE708AD" box="[580,625,943,969]" name="Iran" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA211ECFFAB0A0EFD59C7EAFCB108AD" author="Endrodi, S." box="[644,807,942,969]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" refId="ref19336" refString="Endrodi, S. (1985) The Dynastinae of the World. Junk, Dordrecht, 800 pp." type="book" year="1985">Endrődi 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA211ECFFAB0A0EFCEAC7EAFBFD08AD" author="Gusakov, A. A. & Legezin, O. G." box="[823,1131,943,969]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" pagination="160 - 166" refId="ref19356" refString="Gusakov, A. A. & Legezin, O. G. (2016) A new scarab species, Podalgus nazarovi (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini), from the sands of south-western Iran [in Russian]. Humanity Space, International Almanac, 5, 160 - 166." type="journal article" year="2016">Gusakov & Legezin 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It differs in having nine antennomeres (not 10), the protibia with two teeth (not three), the clypeus with the anterior margin slightly concave in the middle and not strongly contracted towards the apex (not triangular), the pronotum without strong, dense punctures, the elytral striae indicated by indistinct lines of shallow punctures (not with strong punctures as on the pronotum), and differently shaped metatibiae and metatarsi without ciliae on the truncate face (compare
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA211ECFFAB0A0EFAE4C07AFEC60F19" author="Gusakov, A. A. & Legezin, O. G." pageId="3" pageNumber="325" pagination="160 - 166" refId="ref19356" refString="Gusakov, A. A. & Legezin, O. G. (2016) A new scarab species, Podalgus nazarovi (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini), from the sands of south-western Iran [in Russian]. Humanity Space, International Almanac, 5, 160 - 166." type="journal article" year="2016">Gusakov & Legezin 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figs. 1–5).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C6C1DFFAB0A0EFF1AC0C2FB510FC5" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1185]" box="[199,1223,1159,1185]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">
|
||
These similarities with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33179EFFAB0A0EFE10C0C2FDC80FC5" authorityName="Allsopp & Hutchinson" authorityYear="2023" box="[461,606,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Philcarneum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947B00FFFAB0A0EFE10C0C2FDC80FC5" box="[461,606,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Philcarneum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may simply reflect their similar habitats (sandy areas).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |