244 lines
40 KiB
XML
244 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document id="27BD2F4D4388F54777CD2F54EB3E082E" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.179102" ID-GBIF-Dataset="33efc04a-ad1c-46eb-bd76-0595517c05e6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="179102" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459937700350" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Willems, Wim R., Sandberg, Maria I. & Jondelius, Ulf" docDate="2007" docId="039A0C4EFFE9FFA3ECB2C8CBFA76ADD7" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01616p021.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1616" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Espegrendia norvegica Westblad 1954" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="FFA37436FFE2FFAEEC25C816FFEAAF35" masterDocTitle="First report on Rhabdocoela (Rhabditophora) from deep parts of Skagerrak, with the description of four new species" masterLastPageNumber="21" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1698230226456" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="5CD441EDE4056B0D9E7F5B1A1A2C4EE2">First report on Rhabdocoela (Rhabditophora) from deep parts of Skagerrak, with the description of four new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9122F18C38A6F85F0835022D2BDDE7D2">Willems, Wim R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F44C8F994AA03B880935338B759D1CAC">Sandberg, Maria I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1C572E7F18C6AD211331681D23338550">Jondelius, Ulf</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="24FCF273DE5E53A9370B6FABD1978524">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="CA75F7271245F02A1BD4E16AB74E62B4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="7C5345CC9714DB194C651F61979640EF">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="252D30C12CA806168AF492DDE69890CC" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="E62A195813469B9694D0C732BFEB0292">1616</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="14DDC72B67715D8A35F3B44301307CBA" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.179102</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A702E96D30D450C238AD2D52A0816AA6" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039A0C4EFFE9FFA3ECB2C8CBFA76ADD7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6252789" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119375590" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6252789" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039A0C4EFFE9FFA3ECB2C8CBFA76ADD7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039A0C4EFFE9FFA3ECB2C8CBFA76ADD7" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<subSubSection id="C329EED3FFE9FFA5ECB2C8CBFECCAE2F" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8CBD58FFE9FFA5ECB2C8CBFD98AFC2" blockId="11.[151,626,221,282]" box="[151,626,221,247]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<heading id="D0C40A34FFE9FFA5ECB2C8CBFD98AFC2" bold="true" box="[151,626,221,247]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C33C6DBFFE9FFA5ECB2C8CBFD98AFC2" ID-CoL="3BJ25" authority="Westblad, 1954" authorityName="Westblad" authorityYear="1954" box="[151,626,221,247]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Solenopharyngidae" genus="Espegrendia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="norvegica">
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<emphasis id="B947614AFFE9FFA5ECB2C8CBFD98AFC2" bold="true" box="[151,626,221,247]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="B947614AFFE9FFA5ECB2C8CBFE46AFC2" bold="true" box="[151,428,221,247]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Espegrendia norvegica</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA2C0A9FFE9FFA5ED91C8CBFD98AFC2" author="Westblad" box="[436,626,221,247]" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" refString="Westblad, E. (1954) Some Hydroidea and Turbellaria from western Norway. Publications from the Biological Station Bergen, 11, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1954">Westblad, 1954</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8CBD58FFE9FFA5ECB2C916FECCAE2F" blockId="11.[151,626,221,282]" box="[151,294,256,282]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1308A1DDFFE9FFA5ECBAC916FF09AE2F" box="[159,227,256,282]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,254,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[296,1307,287,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[329,1302,880,1520]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Espegrendia norvegica Westblad, 1954. A, reconstruction of the pharynx from the right side. B, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the right side. (A – B, from a Skagerrak-specimen)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179107/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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A–B)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C329EED3FFE9FFA5ECB2C959FC33AEA7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8CBD58FFE9FFA5ECB2C959FDA7AE5F" blockId="11.[151,1437,335,2002]" box="[151,589,335,362]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="B947614AFFE9FFA5ECB2C959FEE5AE5C" bold="true" box="[151,271,335,361]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Localities</emphasis>
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. Loc. 1, Loc. 4 and Loc. 5.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8CBD58FFE9FFA5ECE3C961FC33AEA7" blockId="11.[151,1437,335,2002]" box="[198,985,375,402]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="B947614AFFE9FFA5ECE3C961FE2EAEA4" bold="true" box="[198,452,375,401]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Known distribution.</emphasis>
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Northern Atlantic,
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<collectingCountry id="F324FDC8FFE9FFA5EE8FC96EFCE2AEA7" box="[682,776,376,402]" name="Norway" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Norway</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA2C0A9FFE9FFA5EF32C96EFC26AEA7" author="Westblad" box="[791,972,376,402]" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" refString="Westblad, E. (1954) Some Hydroidea and Turbellaria from western Norway. Publications from the Biological Station Bergen, 11, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1954">Westblad 1954</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C329EED3FFE9FFA5ECE3C989FD61AD3F" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8CBD58FFE9FFA5ECE3C989FD61AD3F" blockId="11.[151,1437,335,2002]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="B947614AFFE9FFA5ECE3C989FED9AE8C" bold="true" box="[198,307,415,441]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Material</emphasis>
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. A few individuals from Skagerrak studied alive, three of them serially-sectioned. Three serially-sectioned individuals from a depth between 50 and
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<quantity id="4CCB10BDFFE9FFA5EF0CC9DEFC99AED7" box="[809,883,456,482]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
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at Skipelle near Drøbak,
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<collectingCountry id="F324FDC8FFE9FFA5E8BAC9DEFB17AED7" box="[1183,1277,456,482]" name="Norway" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Norway</collectingCountry>
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(
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<date id="FF8D9B98FFE9FFA5E928C9DEFA72AED7" box="[1293,1432,456,482]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1955-08-18">18/08/1955</date>
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; coll. Westblad,
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<collectionCode id="ED22259DFFE9FFA5ED69C9E6FE4BAD3F" box="[332,417,496,522]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8z6v-f8is" name="Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">SMNH</collectionCode>
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nos 32853–32855).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C329EED3FFE9FFA3ECE3CA01FD36AD77" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8CBD58FFE9FFA5ECE3CA01FD50ADCF" blockId="11.[151,1437,335,2002]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="B947614AFFE9FFA5ECE3CA01FDEEAD04" bold="true" box="[198,516,535,561]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Description and remarks</emphasis>
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. Up till now this species is only known from one cross-sectioned specimen (designated
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<typeStatus id="548803FAFFE9FFA5ED02CA56FE78AD6F" box="[295,402,576,602]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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), described by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA2C0A9FFE9FFA5EE6FCA56FCFBAD6F" author="Westblad" box="[586,785,576,602]" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" refString="Westblad, E. (1954) Some Hydroidea and Turbellaria from western Norway. Publications from the Biological Station Bergen, 11, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1954">Westblad (1954)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<collectingCountry id="F324FDC8FFE9FFA5EF3BCA56FCD5AD6F" box="[798,831,576,602]" name="American Samoa" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">As</collectingCountry>
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already pointed out by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA2C0A9FFE9FFA5E845CA56FAEFAD6F" author="Ehlers" box="[1120,1285,576,602]" pageId="11" pageNumber="20" refString="Ehlers, U. (1972) Systematisch - phylogenetische Untersuchungen an der Familie Solenopharyngidae (Turbellaria, Neorhabdocoela). Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens, 11, 1 - 78." type="journal article" year="1972">Ehlers (1972)</bibRefCitation>
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, the original description is unsatisfactory and especially the detailed organisation of the male system as described and depicted by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA2C0A9FFE9FFA5ED0DCA86FE01AD9F" author="Westblad" box="[296,491,656,682]" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" refString="Westblad, E. (1954) Some Hydroidea and Turbellaria from western Norway. Publications from the Biological Station Bergen, 11, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1954">Westblad (1954)</bibRefCitation>
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is highly doubtful. This is probably caused by the nature of the
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<typeStatus id="548803FAFFE9FFA5E8CCCA86FAA5AD9F" box="[1257,1359,656,682]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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as the interpretation of cross-sections is often very hard, especially regarding long and winding structures as a cirrus. A redescription is therefore deemed necessary.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8CBD58FFE9FFA5ECE3CB1EFB47AC7F" blockId="11.[151,1437,335,2002]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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The following redescription is based on the newly collected material from Skaggerak and sectioned specimens collected by Westblad in
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<collectingCountry id="F324FDC8FFE9FFA5EE2ECB26FD83AC7F" box="[523,617,816,842]" name="Norway" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Norway</collectingCountry>
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(
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<date id="FF8D9B98FFE9FFA5EE5CCB26FCFFAC7F" box="[633,789,816,842]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1955-08">August 1955</date>
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), which were never reported upon.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8CBD58FFE9FFA5ECE3CB4EFDB6AB0F" blockId="11.[151,1437,335,2002]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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The Skagerrak specimens are rather small and colourless and lack eyes. They have a drop-shaped, slightly elongated body if swimming freely, but are oval-shaped or almost round when immobilized. The syncytial epidermis is 3–4 µm thick, contains small rod-shaped rhabdites, equally distributed over the entire epidermis, and is covered with short cilia that are of equal length over the whole body. The outer circular muscles of the subepidermal body wall musculature (
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<figureCitation id="1308A1DDFFE9FFA5EE41CBEEFD47AB27" box="[612,685,1016,1042]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,254,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[296,1307,287,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[329,1302,880,1520]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Espegrendia norvegica Westblad, 1954. A, reconstruction of the pharynx from the right side. B, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the right side. (A – B, from a Skagerrak-specimen)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179107/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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A: cm) are exceptionally thick, whereas the inner longitudinal muscles (
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<figureCitation id="1308A1DDFFE9FFA5ED20CC36FEA1AB0F" box="[261,331,1056,1082]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,254,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[296,1307,287,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[329,1302,880,1520]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Espegrendia norvegica Westblad, 1954. A, reconstruction of the pharynx from the right side. B, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the right side. (A – B, from a Skagerrak-specimen)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179107/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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A: lm) are rather weak.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8CBD58FFE9FFA5ECE3CC5EFAC3A83F" blockId="11.[151,1437,335,2002]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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The pharynx (
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<figureCitation id="1308A1DDFFE9FFA5ED4FCC5EFE45AB57" box="[362,431,1096,1122]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,254,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[296,1307,287,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[329,1302,880,1520]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Espegrendia norvegica Westblad, 1954. A, reconstruction of the pharynx from the right side. B, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the right side. (A – B, from a Skagerrak-specimen)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179107/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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A) is situated in the first body half. It is oriented caudally and can be fairly long (maximally half of the total body length), almost snake-like, altough it can strongly vary in length, depending on the degree of contraction. A separate mouth is lacking, as the prepharyngeal cavity is connected to the genital atrium through a short duct, which is lined with a low, nucleated epithelium and surrounded by longitudinal muscles. The prepharyngeal cavity proper (
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<figureCitation id="1308A1DDFFE9FFA5EEBCCCFEFD35AA37" box="[665,735,1256,1282]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,254,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[296,1307,287,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[329,1302,880,1520]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Espegrendia norvegica Westblad, 1954. A, reconstruction of the pharynx from the right side. B, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the right side. (A – B, from a Skagerrak-specimen)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179107/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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A–B: pc) is very deep, lined with a low, anucleated epithelium and surrounded by longitudinal muscles (
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<figureCitation id="1308A1DDFFE9FFA5EE99CD06FCE8AA1F" box="[700,770,1296,1322]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,254,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[296,1307,287,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[329,1302,880,1520]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Espegrendia norvegica Westblad, 1954. A, reconstruction of the pharynx from the right side. B, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the right side. (A – B, from a Skagerrak-specimen)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179107/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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A: ep1). The distal pharyngeal rim bears short cilia (
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<figureCitation id="1308A1DDFFE9FFA5E948CD06FF4CAA67" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,254,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[296,1307,287,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[329,1302,880,1520]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Espegrendia norvegica Westblad, 1954. A, reconstruction of the pharynx from the right side. B, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the right side. (A – B, from a Skagerrak-specimen)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179107/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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A: cil) and the pharynx bulb, bulging out into the prepharyngeal cavity is covered with the remains of a degenerated epithelium (
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<figureCitation id="1308A1DDFFE9FFA5EDE4CD76FDE1AA4F" box="[449,523,1376,1402]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,254,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[296,1307,287,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[329,1302,880,1520]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Espegrendia norvegica Westblad, 1954. A, reconstruction of the pharynx from the right side. B, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the right side. (A – B, from a Skagerrak-specimen)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179107/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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A: ep2). The pharynx lumen (
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<figureCitation id="1308A1DDFFE9FFA5EF5FCD76FC2EAA4F" box="[890,964,1376,1402]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,254,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[296,1307,287,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[329,1302,880,1520]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Espegrendia norvegica Westblad, 1954. A, reconstruction of the pharynx from the right side. B, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the right side. (A – B, from a Skagerrak-specimen)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179107/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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A: pl) is almost completely filled by a degenerated epithelium (= pseudociliation;
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<figureCitation id="1308A1DDFFE9FFA5EEB0CD9EFD30AA97" box="[661,730,1416,1442]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,254,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[296,1307,287,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[329,1302,880,1520]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Espegrendia norvegica Westblad, 1954. A, reconstruction of the pharynx from the right side. B, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the right side. (A – B, from a Skagerrak-specimen)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179107/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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A: ep3). The pharynx is surrounded by an outer longitudinal (= continuation of layer surrounding the prepharyngeal cavity;
|
||
<figureCitation id="1308A1DDFFE9FFA5EFB6CDA6FC36AAFF" box="[915,988,1456,1482]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,254,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[296,1307,287,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[329,1302,880,1520]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Espegrendia norvegica Westblad, 1954. A, reconstruction of the pharynx from the right side. B, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the right side. (A – B, from a Skagerrak-specimen)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179107/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A: elm) and an inner circular muscle layer (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1308A1DDFFE9FFA5ECC4CDCEFECCAAC7" box="[225,294,1496,1522]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,254,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[296,1307,287,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[329,1302,880,1520]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Espegrendia norvegica Westblad, 1954. A, reconstruction of the pharynx from the right side. B, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the right side. (A – B, from a Skagerrak-specimen)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179107/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A: ecm). The internal muscles consist of rather weak radial muscles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1308A1DDFFE9FFA5E868CDCEFB79AAC7" box="[1101,1171,1496,1522]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,254,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[296,1307,287,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[329,1302,880,1520]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Espegrendia norvegica Westblad, 1954. A, reconstruction of the pharynx from the right side. B, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the right side. (A – B, from a Skagerrak-specimen)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179107/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A: rm), a circular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1308A1DDFFE9FFA5E949CDCEFF4CA92F" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,254,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[296,1307,287,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[329,1302,880,1520]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Espegrendia norvegica Westblad, 1954. A, reconstruction of the pharynx from the right side. B, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the right side. (A – B, from a Skagerrak-specimen)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179107/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A: icm) and two longitudinal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1308A1DDFFE9FFA5EE38CE16FD8DA92F" box="[541,615,1536,1562]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,254,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[296,1307,287,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[329,1302,880,1520]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Espegrendia norvegica Westblad, 1954. A, reconstruction of the pharynx from the right side. B, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the right side. (A – B, from a Skagerrak-specimen)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179107/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A: ilm1–2) muscles layers. The longitudinal layer immediately surrounding the pharynx lumen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1308A1DDFFE9FFA5EDDECE3EFDA9A977" box="[507,579,1576,1602]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,254,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[296,1307,287,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[329,1302,880,1520]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Espegrendia norvegica Westblad, 1954. A, reconstruction of the pharynx from the right side. B, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the right side. (A – B, from a Skagerrak-specimen)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179107/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A: ilm1) consists of eight thick muscle fibers, whereas the second layer ((
|
||
<figureCitation id="1308A1DDFFE9FFA5EC8FCE46FF1AA95F" box="[170,240,1616,1642]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,254,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[296,1307,287,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[329,1302,880,1520]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Espegrendia norvegica Westblad, 1954. A, reconstruction of the pharynx from the right side. B, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the right side. (A – B, from a Skagerrak-specimen)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179107/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A: ilm2), situated more peripherically consists of at least 30 weaker fibers. Two
|
||
<typeStatus id="548803FAFFE9FFA5E883CE46FB0EA95F" box="[1190,1252,1616,1642]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of glands enter the pharynx proximally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1308A1DDFFE9FFA5ED9ECE6EFDEBA9A7" box="[443,513,1656,1682]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,254,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[296,1307,287,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[329,1302,880,1520]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Espegrendia norvegica Westblad, 1954. A, reconstruction of the pharynx from the right side. B, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the right side. (A – B, from a Skagerrak-specimen)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179107/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A: pg1–2). One
|
||
<typeStatus id="548803FAFFE9FFA5EEE5CE6EFD19A9A7" box="[704,755,1656,1682]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of glands is rather small and contains a fine-grained eosinophilic secretion (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1308A1DDFFE9FFA5ED5BCEB6FE2DA98F" box="[382,455,1696,1722]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,254,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[296,1307,287,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[329,1302,880,1520]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Espegrendia norvegica Westblad, 1954. A, reconstruction of the pharynx from the right side. B, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the right side. (A – B, from a Skagerrak-specimen)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179107/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A: pg1), whereas the second
|
||
<typeStatus id="548803FAFFE9FFA5EF0ECEB6FCB7A98F" box="[811,861,1696,1722]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
|
||
consists of very large gland cells, containing a basophilic rod-shaped secretion (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1308A1DDFFE9FFA5EE3ECEDEFD8BA9D7" box="[539,609,1736,1762]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,254,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[296,1307,287,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[329,1302,880,1520]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Espegrendia norvegica Westblad, 1954. A, reconstruction of the pharynx from the right side. B, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the right side. (A – B, from a Skagerrak-specimen)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179107/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A: pg2). A few glands of the latter
|
||
<typeStatus id="548803FAFFE9FFA5EFDBCEDEFBDAA9D7" box="[1022,1072,1736,1762]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
|
||
are also present intracapsulary (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1308A1DDFFE9FFA5ECBACEE6FF0FA83F" box="[159,229,1776,1802]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,254,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[296,1307,287,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[329,1302,880,1520]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Espegrendia norvegica Westblad, 1954. A, reconstruction of the pharynx from the right side. B, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the right side. (A – B, from a Skagerrak-specimen)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179107/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A: pg3). The exact location where these glands open into the lumen could not be determined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8CBD58FFE9FFA2ECE3CF0EFDD9AFEF" blockId="11.[151,1437,335,2002]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1436,152,218]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
The common genital pore, which is combined with the mouth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1308A1DDFFE9FFA5EF83CF0EFC01A807" box="[934,1003,1816,1842]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,254,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[296,1307,287,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[329,1302,880,1520]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Espegrendia norvegica Westblad, 1954. A, reconstruction of the pharynx from the right side. B, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the right side. (A – B, from a Skagerrak-specimen)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179107/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B: m + gp), is situated in the most distal part of the body. Close to this combined opening, the prepharyngeal cavity (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1308A1DDFFE9FFA5E842CF56FB47A86F" box="[1127,1197,1856,1882]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,254,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[296,1307,287,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[329,1302,880,1520]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Espegrendia norvegica Westblad, 1954. A, reconstruction of the pharynx from the right side. B, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the right side. (A – B, from a Skagerrak-specimen)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179107/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B: pc) opens into the common genital atrium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1308A1DDFFE9FFA5EDCACF7EFDDDA8B7" box="[495,567,1896,1922]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,254,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[296,1307,287,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[329,1302,880,1520]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Espegrendia norvegica Westblad, 1954. A, reconstruction of the pharynx from the right side. B, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the right side. (A – B, from a Skagerrak-specimen)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179107/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B: cga) from the rostral side. The genital atrium is lined with a high nucleated epithelium and surrounded by inner circular and outer longitudinal muscles. The former are clearly thicker around the distal part of the genital atrium. The presence of nuclei is restricted to the most proximal part of the atrium. A small, bean-shaped bursa (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1308A1DDFFEEFFA2EEF7C88EFCF0AF87" box="[722,794,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,254,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[296,1307,287,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[329,1302,880,1520]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Espegrendia norvegica Westblad, 1954. A, reconstruction of the pharynx from the right side. B, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the right side. (A – B, from a Skagerrak-specimen)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179107/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
B: bu), which contains resorbed sperm, opens into the genital atrium from the dorsal side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8CBD58FFEEFFA2EF73CDEFFCB5A920" blockId="12.[151,1436,1529,1641]" box="[854,863,1529,1557]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">t</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4CEDD0FFEEFFA2ECB2CE39FC02A95C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179107/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" targetBox="[296,1307,287,1520]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8CBD58FFEEFFA2ECB2CE39FC02A95C" blockId="12.[151,1436,1529,1641]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947614AFFEEFFA2ECB2CE39FEF2A972" bold="true" box="[151,280,1583,1607]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33C6DBFFEEFFA2ED3ACE26FD2FA972" authority="Westblad, 1954" authorityName="Westblad" authorityYear="1954" box="[287,709,1584,1607]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Solenopharyngidae" genus="Espegrendia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="norvegica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947614AFFEEFFA2ED3ACE26FDFDA972" box="[287,535,1584,1607]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Espegrendia norvegica</emphasis>
|
||
Westblad, 1954
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, reconstruction of the pharynx from the right side. B, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the right side. (A–B, from a Skagerrak-specimen).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8CBD58FFEEFFA3ECE3CED6FF12AFEF" blockId="12.[151,1437,1728,2034]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1436,152,738]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Dorsally from the prepharyngeal cavity the male atrium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1308A1DDFFEEFFA2EF5CCED6FC2AA9EF" box="[889,960,1728,1754]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,254,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[296,1307,287,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[329,1302,880,1520]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Espegrendia norvegica Westblad, 1954. A, reconstruction of the pharynx from the right side. B, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the right side. (A – B, from a Skagerrak-specimen)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179107/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B: ma) opens into the genital atrium from the rostral side. The male atrium is a wide cavity proximally, distally narrowing to a duct. It is lined with a nuclated epithelium and surrounded by circular muscles. Proximally the male atrium is connected to the oval-shaped copulatory organ, which is surrounded by a very strong circular muscle layer and divided into two compartments. The most proximal part contains an internal seminal vesicle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1308A1DDFFEEFFA2E86FCF76FB7BA84F" box="[1098,1169,1888,1914]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,254,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[296,1307,287,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[329,1302,880,1520]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Espegrendia norvegica Westblad, 1954. A, reconstruction of the pharynx from the right side. B, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the right side. (A – B, from a Skagerrak-specimen)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179107/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
B: ivs), which receives sperm directly from the swollen vasa deferentia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1308A1DDFFEEFFA2EEF1CF9EFCF0A897" box="[724,794,1928,1954]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,254,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[296,1307,287,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[329,1302,880,1520]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Espegrendia norvegica Westblad, 1954. A, reconstruction of the pharynx from the right side. B, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the right side. (A – B, from a Skagerrak-specimen)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179107/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
B: vd). The distal part of the copulatory organ contains a long, winding cirrus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1308A1DDFFEEFFA2ED82CFA6FE04A8FF" box="[423,494,1968,1994]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,254,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[296,1307,287,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[329,1302,880,1520]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Espegrendia norvegica Westblad, 1954. A, reconstruction of the pharynx from the right side. B, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the right side. (A – B, from a Skagerrak-specimen)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179107/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
B: ci), which is surrounded by a strong longitudinal muscle layer. Proximally the unarmed cirrus is filled with sperm, wheras the middle part is lined with a thick, glandular epithelium (eosinophilic). The distal part of the cirrus, approximately half of its total length, is lined with a low, anucleated epithelium.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8CBD58FFEFFFA3ECE3C8FEFB45AE4F" blockId="13.[151,1436,152,738]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
The female genital system is rather simple and only consists of two kidney-shaped ovaries (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1308A1DDFFEFFFA3E921C8FEFAA1AE37" box="[1284,1355,232,258]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,254,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[296,1307,287,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[329,1302,880,1520]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Espegrendia norvegica Westblad, 1954. A, reconstruction of the pharynx from the right side. B, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the right side. (A – B, from a Skagerrak-specimen)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179107/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
B: ov), situated dorsally to the genital atrium, to which they are connected through two short oviducts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1308A1DDFFEFFFA3E926C906FAA1AE1F" box="[1283,1355,272,298]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,254,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[296,1307,287,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[329,1302,880,1520]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Espegrendia norvegica Westblad, 1954. A, reconstruction of the pharynx from the right side. B, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the right side. (A – B, from a Skagerrak-specimen)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179107/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
B: od). They open into the atrium separately and are distally surrounded by a circular muscle layer, which forms a very thick and distinct sphincter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1308A1DDFFEFFFA3EE3BC976FD8FAE4F" box="[542,613,352,378]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,254,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[296,1307,287,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[329,1302,880,1520]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Espegrendia norvegica Westblad, 1954. A, reconstruction of the pharynx from the right side. B, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the right side. (A – B, from a Skagerrak-specimen)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179107/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
B: sph) half way the oviducts. A uterus is lacking.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8CBD58FFEFFFA3ECE3C99EFD36AD77" blockId="13.[151,1436,152,738]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Apart from the detailed organisation of the copulatory organ, the overall structure of the genital system is identical to that described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2C0A9FFEFFFA3EDD7C9A6FD52AEFF" author="Westblad" box="[498,696,432,458]" pageId="13" pageNumber="21" refString="Westblad, E. (1954) Some Hydroidea and Turbellaria from western Norway. Publications from the Biological Station Bergen, 11, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1954">Westblad (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The male copulatory organ in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548803FAFFEFFFA3E877C9A6FB52AEFF" box="[1106,1208,432,458]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is decribed as consisting of “two twisted chitinous filaments or tubes” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2C0A9FFEFFFA3EF23C9CEFBE9AEC7" author="Westblad" box="[774,1027,472,498]" pageId="13" pageNumber="21" refString="Westblad, E. (1954) Some Hydroidea and Turbellaria from western Norway. Publications from the Biological Station Bergen, 11, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1954" yearSuffix="p">Westblad 1954: p. 17</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, careful re-examination of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548803FAFFEFFFA3ECC4CA16FEADAD2F" box="[225,327,512,538]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
shows only a single, but strongly winding cirrus, which is not lined with a pseudocuticularised epithelium, but with a low anucleated epithelium.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C329EED3FFEFFFA3ECE3CA59FA76ADD7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8CBD58FFEFFFA3ECE3CA59FA65AD8F" blockId="13.[151,1436,152,738]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947614AFFEFFFA3ECE3CA59FEACAD5C" bold="true" box="[198,326,591,617]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33C6DBFFEFFFA3ED6ACA46FD4CAD5F" authority="Westblad, 1954" authorityName="Westblad" authorityYear="1954" box="[335,678,592,618]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Solenopharyngidae" genus="Espegrendia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947614AFFEFFFA3ED6ACA46FE08AD5C" box="[335,482,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Espegrendia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2C0A9FFEFFFA3EDCECA46FD4CAD5F" author="Westblad" box="[491,678,592,618]" pageId="13" pageNumber="21" refString="Westblad, E. (1954) Some Hydroidea and Turbellaria from western Norway. Publications from the Biological Station Bergen, 11, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1954">Westblad, 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Lenopharynginae with combined mouth and gonopore; resorbing bursa opening into common genital atrium; copulatory organ an oval-shaped, muscular bulb containing a seminal vesicle proximally and a long, winding and unarmed cirrus distally; oviducts with distinct sphincter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8CBD58FFEFFFA3ECE3CADEFA76ADD7" blockId="13.[151,1436,152,738]" box="[198,1436,712,738]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<typeStatus id="548803FAFFEFFFA3ECE3CADEFEEAADD7" box="[198,256,712,738]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C33C6DBFFEFFFA3ED4ECADEFCD0ADD7" authority="Westblad, 1954" authorityName="Westblad" authorityYear="1954" box="[363,826,712,738]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Solenopharyngidae" genus="Espegrendia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="norvegica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947614AFFEFFFA3ED4ECADEFD90ADD4" box="[363,634,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Espegrendia norvegica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2C0A9FFEFFFA3EEA4CADEFCD0ADD7" author="Westblad" box="[641,826,712,738]" pageId="13" pageNumber="21" refString="Westblad, E. (1954) Some Hydroidea and Turbellaria from western Norway. Publications from the Biological Station Bergen, 11, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1954">Westblad, 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Provisionally with the same diagnosis as the genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |