369 lines
38 KiB
XML
369 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="7F861F4254D296FE2D7012675B66295F" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.630.3.2" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10409920" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1703072968181" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kessler, Michael, Smith, Alan R., Øllgaard, Benjamin, Matos, Fernando B. & Moran, Robbin C." docDate="2023" docId="03923D56C620A03571B2F856FA43E388" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.630.3.2.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 630 (3)" docSource="https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.630.3.2/51376" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Pelazoneuron" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="206" masterDocId="FFAB452EC636A022713AFFFDFFE8E631" masterDocTitle="Prodromus of a fern flora of Bolivia. XLII. Update I." masterLastPageNumber="210" masterPageNumber="183" pageNumber="205" updateTime="1703260205392" updateUser="guilherme" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:mods id="AB3A368A135C9D43557591FEFF4F96BD" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6007DA0B3ED0CB3BD594353FE043C2A6">
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<mods:title id="C85ACEB80088D9EC2E33B671C1CE0635">Prodromus of a fern flora of Bolivia. XLII. Update I.</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="96CDBCD77543B24EF817D5424128E999" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="3D735D303282D14798E71BE3B9532A36">
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<mods:roleTerm id="FE1B39778C7B7790D46D03A778DD30A2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="2AF874119B189B685EAECD6A7572197B">Kessler, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B255ADA091C99E4A4A18E84552820480">Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH- 8008 Zurich, Switzerland.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="FB46C8EFFB0D1D1F8C5ACF5021A7B561" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="2C760022CE07CD8FDBA6DD6DBC9EB232">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3180785721823F75D570B46AF9ECF38A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="36864304752C859AB6EC7AEE468AEA97">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DCDA86C926FD3D2EEED96303603119CA">University Herbarium, 1001 Valley Life Sciences Bldg. # 2465, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 - 2465.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="1EFE5B8DAFFF27B3776AA1330526BCDC" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="B554C009B1018F4836433A796F9A054D">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D023F128ACD7F98D97EFD5935BF040A7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="26F355D88B3A41863B3D0A6F2A9ED610">Øllgaard, Benjamin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B04F242FA46F0D39C86980B567606910">Department of Biology - Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Ny Munkegade 116, building 1137, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="D066DF10233AB7F9FF028CB3A0F2978D" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="7036CD9BFFD3368A9CEBE02805A0B952">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3A1F9828B3D32E93FFF652BAAA47BFB9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="2C1A48950C5D770F4AE7BC0EBA9BD446">Matos, Fernando B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CAE806172CF67BB665E257C912E19D40">Centro de Referência em Informação Ambiental (CRIA), Rua João Carlos do Amaral 500, 13070 - 111, Campinas, SP, Brasil.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="84F706F0EAC58983699F31FCEC561FA4" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="96997182A64775C7EAC325F434A8F405">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="25F148F761D8E3F624C3D2834A1F16DB">Moran, Robbin C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EFB8D566A0E15664C04C2A82C53B12A6">New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd., Bronx, New York, 10458 - 5126, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="2ECA01DEC26EA57DD7D7081546FF35AC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="37D1648711EB3F8BB93F930C7D7DF1F0">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="BAC6F220D8523245F5ED530B73A615DA">
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<mods:date id="FAA87EF4B72E74FDF35A45F60888690C">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7A8535CA752CEE328757498F3AEA7B3A">2023-12-20</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="EFFA3B4F26BB30504C3922EE49607B69">630</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="97EF7C38D96EFBE949967469B18C98ED">3</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="6ECEACFA79094854D8AA65C228ADD3F3" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="C5598326795BE912E5D303B3CA44799C">183</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="0E159FBCDA71BCFD51908328C377B408">210</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="BA777F0819BE8E78E919C9D8E5898546">https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.630.3.2/51376</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="5FC90B5828FE22328DA9D2F71E06629D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="D449B2D5C0A2E02AE86F1098A1D2D706" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.630.3.2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6A09A148987EAC05075A201AB64E4924" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C0BCD1CBF854A2D933C4A13B84BE2692" type="Zenodo-Dep">10409920</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03923D56C620A03571B2F856FA43E388" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03923D56C620A03571B2F856FA43E388" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03923D56C620A03571B2F856FA43E388" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="206" pageId="22" pageNumber="205">
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<subSubSection id="C321DFCBC620A03471B2F856FED8E1F7" box="[136,304,1963,1990]" pageId="22" pageNumber="205" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B848C40C620A03471B2F856FED8E1F7" blockId="22.[136,304,1963,1990]" box="[136,304,1963,1990]" pageId="22" pageNumber="205">
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<heading id="D0CC3B2CC620A03471B2F856FED8E1F7" bold="true" box="[136,304,1963,1990]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="205" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C620A03471B2F856FED8E1F7" ID-CoL="8RTTY" box="[136,304,1963,1990]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="22" pageNumber="205" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94F5052C620A03471B2F856FED8E1F7" bold="true" box="[136,304,1963,1990]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="205">Pelazoneuron</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C321DFCBC620A03571B2F813FC70E2FD" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="206" pageId="22" pageNumber="205" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B848C40C620A03571B2F813FD7DE4BD" blockId="22.[136,1451,2029,2092]" lastBlockId="23.[136,1452,158,1228]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="206" pageId="22" pageNumber="205">
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As a result of recent studies by Fawcett & Smith (2021), as well as phylogenetic studies by Fawcett
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<emphasis id="B94F5052C620A03475CAF813FACAEE36" box="[1264,1314,2029,2055]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="205">et al</emphasis>
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. (2021), the family
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<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C620A03471ECF7ECFE7FEE1A" box="[214,407,2065,2091]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="22" pageNumber="205" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName>
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has received a new classification, which impacts the classification of species previously placed in
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<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A035719CFF63FEFEE689" box="[166,278,158,184]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A035719CFF63FEFEE689" box="[166,278,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Christella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by Smith & Kessler (2017).
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF1B1C621A0357364FF63FCE6E689" author="Holttum, R. E." box="[606,782,158,184]" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" pagination="123 - 168" refId="ref18785" refString="Holttum, R. E. (1974) Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. Journal of South African Botany 40: 123 - 168." type="journal article" year="1974">Holttum (1974)</bibRefCitation>
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described
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<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A03572B3FF63FB3EE689" box="[905,1238,158,185]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Pelazoneuron">
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<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A03572B3FF63FC11E689" box="[905,1017,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Christella</emphasis>
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sect.
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<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A0357501FF63FB3EE689" box="[1083,1238,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Pelazoneuron</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in his treatment of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A035718BFF3FFE9AE6ED" box="[177,370,194,220]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName>
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of Africa and considered most African species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A0357298FF3FFBFAE6ED" box="[930,1042,194,220]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A0357298FF3FFBFAE6ED" box="[930,1042,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Christella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to belong to this section, in addition also to many neotropical species (unnamed by Holttum); he selected one of these,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A0357507FF1BFB17E731" box="[1085,1279,230,256]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patens">
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<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A0357507FF1BFB17E731" box="[1085,1279,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Christella patens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, as the
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<typeStatus id="548032E2C621A0357461FF1AFA63E730" box="[1371,1419,231,257]" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">type</typeStatus>
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of his section. Molecular data suggest that
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<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A0357370FEF7FD0DE715" box="[586,741,266,292]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A0357370FEF7FD0DE715" box="[586,741,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Pelazoneuron</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is rather distantly related to
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<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A035751CFEF7FB7EE715" box="[1062,1174,266,292]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A035751CFEF7FB7EE715" box="[1062,1174,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Christella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF1B1C621A035759FFEF7FA4FE715" author="Smith, A. R. & Cranfill, R. B." box="[1189,1447,266,292]" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" pagination="131 - 149" refId="ref21593" refString="Smith, A. R. & Cranfill, R. B. (2002) Intrafamilial relationships of the thelypteroid ferns (Thelypteridaceae). American Fern Journal 92: 131 - 149. https: // doi. org / 10.1640 / 0002 - 8444 (2002) 092 [0131: irottf] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2002">Smith & Cranfill 2002</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF1B1C621A03571B2FED3FE8FE779" author="Almeida, T. E. & Hennequin, S. & Schneider, H. & Smith, A. R. & Nogueira Batista, J. A. & Ramalho, A. J. & Proite, K. & Salino, A." box="[136,359,302,329]" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" pagination="688 - 700" refId="ref17914" refString="Almeida, T. E., Hennequin, S., Schneider, H., Smith, A. R., Nogueira Batista, J. A., Ramalho, A. J., Proite, K. & Salino, A. (2016) Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 94: 688 - 700. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2015.09.009" type="journal article" year="2016">
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Almeida
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<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A03571D5FED2FEF7E779" box="[239,287,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">et al</emphasis>
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. 2016
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF1B1C621A0357048FED3FDC0E779" author="Patel, N. & Fawcett, S. E. & Sundue, M. & Budke, J." box="[370,552,302,329]" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" pagination="1016 - 1035" refId="ref20165" refString="Patel, N., Fawcett, S. E., Sundue, M. & Budke, J. (2019) Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. International Journal of Plant Science 180: 1016 - 1035. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 705588" type="journal article" year="2019">
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Patel
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<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A035708AFED2FE08E779" box="[432,480,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">et al</emphasis>
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. 2019
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</bibRefCitation>
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|
, Fawcett & Smith 2021, Fawcett
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<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A03572A1FED2FC24E779" box="[923,972,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">et al</emphasis>
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. 2021).
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<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A035751DFED3FB29E779" box="[1063,1217,302,328]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A035751DFED3FB29E779" box="[1063,1217,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Pelazoneuron</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, as newly defined, is an exclusively American genus of 16 species, four of which occur in
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<collectingCountry id="F32CCCD0C621A03572B6FEAFFC0AE75D" box="[908,994,338,364]" name="Bolivia" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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. Characters distinguishing
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<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A035742BFEAFFA44E75D" box="[1297,1452,338,364]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A035742BFEAFFA44E75D" box="[1297,1452,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Pelazoneuron</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A03571F2FE8BFED0E7A1" box="[200,312,374,400]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A03571F2FE8BFED0E7A1" box="[200,312,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Christella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and most other New World genera in the family include having the lowermost veins from adjacent segments connivent at an acute angle at the sinuses (vs. united at an obtuse angle below the sinus and with an excurrent vein to the sinus) and in having the proximal pinnae the longest, or nearly so.
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<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A03572C1FE43FB7EE7E9" box="[1019,1174,446,472]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A03572C1FE43FB7EE7E9" box="[1019,1174,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Pelazoneuron</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from many other cyclosoroid genera (in the Neotropics including
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<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A035739BFE1FFCA1E7CD" box="[673,841,482,508]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A035739BFE1FFCA1E7CD" box="[673,841,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Amblovenatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A035726CFE1FFC3CE7CD" box="[854,980,482,508]" pageId="23" pageNumber="210" rank="section" section="Cyclosorus">
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<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A035726CFE1FFC3CE7CD" box="[854,980,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Cyclosorus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A03572DBFE1EFB8FE7CC" box="[993,1127,483,509]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A03572DBFE1EFB8FE7CC" box="[993,1127,483,509]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Goniopteris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A035754EFE1EFA70E7CC" authority=", Stegnogramm" authorityName="Stegnogramm" box="[1140,1432,483,509]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A035754EFE1EFB07E7CD" box="[1140,1263,483,508]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Meniscium</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A03575C6FE1EFA70E7CC" box="[1276,1432,483,509]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Stegnogramm</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
a, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A0357183FDFAFED3E410" box="[185,315,519,545]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A0357183FDFAFED3E410" box="[185,315,519,545]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Steiropteris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) in one or often more of the following characteristics: lack of protruding aerophores at pinna bases; relatively large, ± persistent indusia; lack of areolate venation and included veinlets; monomorphic fronds; lack of laminar buds; lack of sessile, resinous glands on veins and laminar tissue; generally long-creeping rhizomes; and somewhat weedy nature in semi-open habitats.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B848C40C621A0357187FD6BFAAEE571" blockId="23.[136,1452,158,1228]" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">
|
|
All known species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A0357086FD6BFDBEE481" box="[444,598,662,688]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A0357086FD6BFDBEE481" box="[444,598,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Pelazoneuron</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, except of one species naturalized in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F32CCCD0C621A0357536FD6BFBA4E481" box="[1036,1100,662,688]" name="Spain" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
|
and East Africa, are restricted to the New World tropics and subtropics, from the southern
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F32CCCD0C621A0357206FD47FC61E4E5" box="[828,905,698,724]" name="United States of America" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
|
|
through the Antilles,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F32CCCD0C621A03575BEFD47FB34E4E5" box="[1156,1244,698,724]" name="Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
|
, Central America, and South America to northern
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F32CCCD0C621A03570CEFD23FD8EE4C9" box="[500,614,734,760]" name="Argentina" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F32CCCD0C621A035734EFD22FD35E4C8" box="[628,733,735,761]" name="Paraguay" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F32CCCD0C621A03573D1FD22FCA6E4C8" box="[747,846,735,761]" name="Uruguay" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
|
|
, and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F32CCCD0C621A03572B7FD23FC37E4C9" box="[909,991,734,760]" name="Bolivia" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF1B1C621A03572CBFD23FB93E4C9" author="Smith, A. R." box="[1009,1147,734,760]" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" pagination="1 - 143" refId="ref21699" refString="Smith, A. R. (1971) Systematics of the neotropical species of Thelypteris section Cyclosorus. University of California Publications in Botany 59: 1 - 143." type="journal article" year="1971">Smith 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Most species are at least locally common, if not weedy, and occur at low to middle elevations, to ca.
|
|
<quantity id="4CC321A5C621A03572E9FCFFFBC0E52C" box="[979,1064,770,797]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" unit="m" value="2600.0">2600 m</quantity>
|
|
in the tropics, and are found along roadsides, trails, ditches, ravines, and limestone outcrops, often in slightly disturbed, somewhat open places.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B848C40C621A0357187FCB7FDB2E2B4" blockId="23.[136,1452,158,1228]" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">
|
|
Other neotropical genera in the family (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A03573A6FCB7FCC5E555" box="[668,813,842,868]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A03573A6FCB7FCC5E555" box="[668,813,842,868]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Amauropelta</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A035727BFCB7FC57E555" box="[833,959,842,868]" pageId="23" pageNumber="210" rank="section" section="Cyclosorus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A035727BFCB7FC57E555" box="[833,959,842,868]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Cyclosorus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A03572E9FCB6FBB1E554" box="[979,1113,843,869]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A03572E9FCB6FBB1E554" box="[979,1113,843,869]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Goniopteris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A0357556FCB6FB0FE555" box="[1132,1255,843,868]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A0357556FCB6FB0FE555" box="[1132,1255,843,868]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Meniscium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A03575C1FCB6FA4DE554" box="[1275,1445,843,869]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A03575C1FCB6FA4DE554" box="[1275,1445,843,869]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Stegnogramma</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A0357180FC92FED4E5B8" box="[186,316,879,905]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A0357180FC92FED4E5B8" box="[186,316,879,905]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Steiropteris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) are distantly related to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A0357363FC93FD1BE5B9" box="[601,755,878,904]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A0357363FC93FD1BE5B9" box="[601,755,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Pelazoneuron</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, which is sister to a large clade that includes predominantly paleotropical genera (Fawcett
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A03570DAFC6EFDFAE59D" box="[480,530,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2021). Our circumscription of New World
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A0357532FC6FFB4BE59D" box="[1032,1187,914,940]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A0357532FC6FFB4BE59D" box="[1032,1187,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Pelazoneuron</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is largely as treated by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF1B1C621A03571B2FC4BFEF3E5E1" author="Smith, A. R." box="[136,283,950,976]" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" pagination="1 - 143" refId="ref21699" refString="Smith, A. R. (1971) Systematics of the neotropical species of Thelypteris section Cyclosorus. University of California Publications in Botany 59: 1 - 143." type="journal article" year="1971">Smith (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A035707AFC4BFD92E5E1" box="[320,634,950,977]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Cyclosorus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A035707AFC4BFE56E5E1" box="[320,446,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Thelypteris</emphasis>
|
|
sect.
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A03570C6FC4BFD92E5E1" box="[508,634,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Cyclosorus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, with the exclusion of a few species now placed in other genera: three are included in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A0357030FC27FE92E5C5" box="[266,378,986,1012]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A0357030FC27FE92E5C5" box="[266,378,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Christella</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A03570B0FC26FD74E5C5" box="[394,668,986,1013]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A03570B0FC26FDF5E5C5" box="[394,541,987,1013]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="conspersa">C. conspersa</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A0357312FC26FD74E5C5" box="[552,668,986,1013]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata">C. dentata</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A0357393FC26FCD8E5C5" box="[681,816,986,1013]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispidula">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A0357393FC26FCD8E5C5" box="[681,816,986,1013]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">C. hispidula</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), one in
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A03572ABFC27FBDAE5C5" box="[913,1074,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A03572ABFC27FBE7E5C5" box="[913,1039,986,1012]" pageId="23" pageNumber="210" rank="section" section="Cyclosorus">Cyclosorus</taxonomicName>
|
|
s.s
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
. (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A0357572FC26FB0CE5C5" box="[1096,1252,987,1013]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interruptus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A0357572FC26FB0CE5C5" box="[1096,1252,987,1013]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">C. interruptus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), and another, the widely naturalized
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A0357064FC03FDACE229" box="[350,580,1022,1048]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="opulenta">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A0357064FC03FDACE229" box="[350,580,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Thelypteris opulenta</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, is now placed in the paleotropical genus
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A0357522FC03FB2FE229" box="[1048,1223,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A0357522FC03FB2CE229" box="[1048,1220,1022,1048]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Amblovenatum</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
All of the American species now placed in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A03570B3FBDFFE11E20D" box="[393,505,1058,1084]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A03570B3FBDFFE11E20D" box="[393,505,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Christella</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A0357332FBDFFD6EE20D" box="[520,646,1058,1084]" pageId="23" pageNumber="210" rank="section" section="Cyclosorus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A0357332FBDFFD6EE20D" box="[520,646,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Cyclosorus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A03573FCFBDFFC86E20D" box="[710,878,1058,1084]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A03573FCFBDFFC86E20D" box="[710,878,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Amblovenatum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
have the lowermost veins from adjacent segments truly united at an obtuse angle below the sinuses, producing an excurrent vein from this union that runs to the sinus, a condition largely absent in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A0357082FB97FDBAE2B5" box="[440,594,1130,1156]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A0357082FB97FDBAE2B5" box="[440,594,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Pelazoneuron</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B848C40C621A0357187FB73FC70E2FD" blockId="23.[136,1452,158,1228]" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">
|
|
The following new combinations have now been made to accommodate the species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A03575A8FB73FAC5E299" box="[1170,1325,1166,1192]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A03575A8FB73FAC5E299" box="[1170,1325,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Pelazoneuron</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F32CCCD0C621A0357468FB73FA40E299" box="[1362,1448,1166,1192]" name="Bolivia" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
|
. The key distinguishing them is adapted from Kessler &
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF1B1C621A03573C6FB4FFC7CE2FD" author="Smith, A. R. & Kessler, M." box="[764,916,1202,1228]" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref21485" refString="Smith, A. R. & Kessler, M. (2017) Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XXX. Thelypteridaceae. Phytotaxa 331: 1 - 34. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 331.1.1" type="journal article" year="2017">Smith (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
:
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C321DFCBC621A03571B2FB0BFA43E388" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" type="key">
|
|
<key id="FFAADB71C621A03571B2FB0BFA43E388" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">
|
|
<keyStep id="30CF94E5C621A03571B2FB0BFA43E319" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B848C40C621A03571B2FB0BFA43E33A" blockId="23.[136,1451,1270,1465]" box="[136,1451,1270,1293]" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">
|
|
<keyLead id="30CA2F75C621A03571B2FB0BFA43E33A" box="[136,1451,1270,1293]" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A03571B2FB0BFF7CE33A" bold="true" box="[136,148,1270,1291]" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">1</emphasis>
|
|
Rhizomes suberect to erect, hidden by old leaf bases; proximal pinnae often auriculate at acroscopic bases ................................
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A03574A5FB0BFA43E33A" bold="true" box="[1439,1451,1270,1291]" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">2</emphasis>
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B848C40C621A03571B2FAE9FA43E319" blockId="23.[136,1451,1270,1465]" box="[136,1451,1299,1321]" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">
|
|
<keyLead id="30CA2F75C621A03571B2FAE9FA43E319" box="[136,1451,1299,1321]" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">
|
|
- Rhizomes creeping, readily visible; proximal pinnae not auriculate ...............................................................................................
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A03574A5FAEEFA43E319" bold="true" box="[1439,1451,1299,1320]" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">3</emphasis>
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</keyStep>
|
|
<keyStep id="30CF94E5C621A03571B2FACDFA43E34E" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B848C40C621A03571B2FACDFA43E353" blockId="23.[136,1451,1270,1465]" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">
|
|
<keyLead id="30CA2F75C621A03571B2FACDFA43E353" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A03571B2FACDFF7CE374" bold="true" box="[136,148,1328,1349]" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">2</emphasis>
|
|
Blades adaxially glabrous on costules and veins; petiole base scales tan, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, glabrous or nearly so, dull ..... ..............................................................................................................................................................................................
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A0357469FAB0FA43E353" ID-CoL="HGF5" box="[1363,1451,1357,1378]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patens">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A0357469FAB0FA43E353" bold="true" box="[1363,1451,1357,1378]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">P. patens</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B848C40C621A03571B2FA97FA43E34E" blockId="23.[136,1451,1270,1465]" box="[136,1451,1385,1408]" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">
|
|
<keyLead id="30CA2F75C621A03571B2FA97FA43E34E" box="[136,1451,1385,1408]" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">
|
|
- Blades adaxially hairy on costules and veins; petiole base scales brown, lanceolate, pubescent, shining ......................
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A0357405FA97FA43E34E" ID-CoL="8RTV3" box="[1343,1451,1385,1407]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schizotis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A0357405FA97FA43E34E" bold="true" box="[1343,1451,1385,1407]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">P. schizotis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</keyStep>
|
|
<keyStep id="30CF94E5C621A03571B2FA7BFA43E388" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B848C40C621A03571B2FA7BFA42E3AD" blockId="23.[136,1451,1270,1465]" box="[136,1450,1414,1437]" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">
|
|
<keyLead id="30CA2F75C621A03571B2FA7BFA42E3AD" box="[136,1450,1414,1437]" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A03571B2FA7BFF7CE3AA" bold="true" box="[136,148,1414,1435]" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">3</emphasis>
|
|
Costal hairs ca. 0.1.
|
|
<quantity id="4CC321A5C621A03570B5FA7AFE2FE3AD" box="[399,455,1415,1436]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
|
long, moderately dense; costal scales relatively few ...........................................................
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A0357408FA7AFA42E3AD" ID-CoL="8RV28" box="[1330,1450,1414,1436]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="abruptum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A0357408FA7AFA42E3AD" bold="true" box="[1330,1450,1414,1436]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">P. abruptum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B848C40C621A03571B2FA59FA43E388" blockId="23.[136,1451,1270,1465]" box="[136,1451,1443,1465]" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">
|
|
<keyLead id="30CA2F75C621A03571B2FA59FA43E388" box="[136,1451,1443,1465]" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">
|
|
- Costal hairs mostly>
|
|
<quantity id="4CC321A5C621A03570A5FA59FE01E388" box="[415,489,1444,1465]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
|
long, dense; costal scales numerous .....................................................................................
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF7C3C621A0357469FA59FA43E388" ID-CoL="8RTWD" box="[1363,1451,1443,1465]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="clivale">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5052C621A0357469FA59FA43E388" bold="true" box="[1363,1451,1443,1465]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">P. clivale</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</keyStep>
|
|
</key>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |